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  • 2d shapes in XNA 4.0?

    - by Lautaro
    Having some experience of XNA but none of 3D programming. I have an idea i want to realize but i have not decided to do it in 3d or 2d. Im not sure which one will be best in XNA. I want to have a shape like a blob that can reshape depending on input. The morphing does not need to be very advanced. It could be a circle (2d) or globe (3d) that just has one point that moves slightly in a random direction. In ASP.NET i have made this through the 2d Draw classes where i can make lines, circles, squares etc and then modify the points that makes them up. But it seems to me that XNA does not have classes for making 2d shapes (can i get this confirmed?). If it had, then this would be the quickest solution for me.

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  • How do I check on non-transparent pixels in a bitmapdata?

    - by Opoe
    I'm still working on my window cleaning game from one of my previous questions I marked a contribution as my answer, but after all this time I can't get it to work and I have to many questions about this so I decided to ask some more about it. As a sequel on my mentioned previous question, my question to you is: How can I check whether or not a bitmapData contains non transparent pixels? Subquestion: Is this possible when the masked image is a movieclip? Shouldn't I use graphics instead? Information I have: A dirtywindow movieclip on the bottom layer and a clean window movieclip on layer 2(mc1) on the layer above. To hide the top layer(the dirty window) I assign a mask to it. Code // this creates a mask that hides the movieclip on top var mask_mc:MovieClip = new MovieClip(); addChild(mask_mc) //assign the mask to the movieclip it should 'cover' mc1.mask = mask_mc; With a brush(cursor) the player wipes of the dirt ( actualy setting the fill from the mask to transparent so the clean window appears) //add event listeners for the 'brush' brush_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,brushDown); brush_mc.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,brushUp); //function to drag the brush over the mask function brushDown(dragging:MouseEvent):void{ dragging.currentTarget.startDrag(); MovieClip(dragging.currentTarget).addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,erase) ; mask_mc.graphics.moveTo(brush_mc.x,brush_mc.y); } //function to stop dragging the brush over the mask function brushUp(dragging:MouseEvent):void{ dragging.currentTarget.stopDrag(); MovieClip(dragging.currentTarget).removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,erase); } //fill the mask with transparant pixels so the movieclip turns visible function erase(e:Event):void{ with(mask_mc.graphics){ beginFill(0x000000); drawRect(brush_mc.x,brush_mc.y,brush_mc.width,brush_mc.height); endFill(); } }

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  • Remove box2d bodies after collision deduction android?

    - by jubin
    Can any one explain me how to destroy box2d body when collide i have tried but my application crashed.First i have checked al collisions then add all the bodies in array who i want to destroy.I am trying to learning this tutorial My all the bodies are falling i want these bodies should destroy when these bodies will collide my actor monkey but when it collide it destroy but my aplication crashed.I have googled and from google i got the application crash reasons we should not destroy body in step funtion but i am removing body in the last of tick method. could any one help me or provide me code aur check my code why i am getting this prblem or how can i destroy box2d bodies. This is my code what i am doing. Please could any one check my code and tell me what is i am doing wrong for removing bodies. The code is for multiple box2d objects falling on my actor monkey it should be destroy when it will fall on the monkey.It is destroing but my application crahes. static class Box2DLayer extends CCLayer { protected static final float PTM_RATIO = 32.0f; protected static final float WALK_FACTOR = 3.0f; protected static final float MAX_WALK_IMPULSE = 0.2f; protected static final float ANIM_SPEED = 0.3f; int isLeft=0; String dir=""; int x =0; float direction; CCColorLayer objectHint; // protected static final float PTM_RATIO = 32.0f; protected World _world; protected static Body spriteBody; CGSize winSize = CCDirector.sharedDirector().winSize(); private static int count = 200; protected static Body monkey_body; private static Body bodies; CCSprite monkey; float animDelay; int animPhase; CCSpriteSheet danceSheet = CCSpriteSheet.spriteSheet("phases.png"); CCSprite _block; List<Body> toDestroy = new ArrayList<Body>(); //CCSpriteSheet _spriteSheet; private static MyContactListener _contactListener = new MyContactListener(); public Box2DLayer() { this.setIsAccelerometerEnabled(true); CCSprite bg = CCSprite.sprite("jungle.png"); addChild(bg,0); bg.setAnchorPoint(0,0); bg.setPosition(0,0); CGSize s = CCDirector.sharedDirector().winSize(); // Use scaled width and height so that our boundaries always match the current screen float scaledWidth = s.width/PTM_RATIO; float scaledHeight = s.height/PTM_RATIO; Vector2 gravity = new Vector2(0.0f, -30.0f); boolean doSleep = false; _world = new World(gravity, doSleep); // Create edges around the entire screen // Define the ground body. BodyDef bxGroundBodyDef = new BodyDef(); bxGroundBodyDef.position.set(0.0f, 0.0f); // The body is also added to the world. Body groundBody = _world.createBody(bxGroundBodyDef); // Register our contact listener // Define the ground box shape. PolygonShape groundBox = new PolygonShape(); Vector2 bottomLeft = new Vector2(0f,0f); Vector2 topLeft = new Vector2(0f,scaledHeight); Vector2 topRight = new Vector2(scaledWidth,scaledHeight); Vector2 bottomRight = new Vector2(scaledWidth,0f); // bottom groundBox.setAsEdge(bottomLeft, bottomRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // top groundBox.setAsEdge(topLeft, topRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // left groundBox.setAsEdge(topLeft, bottomLeft); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); // right groundBox.setAsEdge(topRight, bottomRight); groundBody.createFixture(groundBox,0); CCSprite floorbg = CCSprite.sprite("grassbehind.png"); addChild(floorbg,1); floorbg.setAnchorPoint(0,0); floorbg.setPosition(0,0); CCSprite floorfront = CCSprite.sprite("grassfront.png"); floorfront.setTag(2); this.addBoxBodyForSprite(floorfront); addChild(floorfront,3); floorfront.setAnchorPoint(0,0); floorfront.setPosition(0,0); addChild(danceSheet); //CCSprite monkey = CCSprite.sprite(danceSheet, CGRect.make(0, 0, 48, 73)); //addChild(danceSprite); monkey = CCSprite.sprite("arms_up.png"); monkey.setTag(2); monkey.setPosition(200,100); BodyDef spriteBodyDef = new BodyDef(); spriteBodyDef.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; spriteBodyDef.bullet=true; spriteBodyDef.position.set(200 / PTM_RATIO, 300 / PTM_RATIO); monkey_body = _world.createBody(spriteBodyDef); monkey_body.setUserData(monkey); PolygonShape spriteShape = new PolygonShape(); spriteShape.setAsBox(monkey.getContentSize().width/PTM_RATIO/2, monkey.getContentSize().height/PTM_RATIO/2); FixtureDef spriteShapeDef = new FixtureDef(); spriteShapeDef.shape = spriteShape; spriteShapeDef.density = 2.0f; spriteShapeDef.friction = 0.70f; spriteShapeDef.restitution = 0.0f; monkey_body.createFixture(spriteShapeDef); //Vector2 force = new Vector2(10, 10); //monkey_body.applyLinearImpulse(force, spriteBodyDef.position); addChild(monkey,10000); this.schedule(tickCallback); this.schedule(createobjects, 2.0f); objectHint = CCColorLayer.node(ccColor4B.ccc4(255,0,0,128), 200f, 100f); addChild(objectHint, 15000); objectHint.setVisible(false); _world.setContactListener(_contactListener); } private UpdateCallback tickCallback = new UpdateCallback() { public void update(float d) { tick(d); } }; private UpdateCallback createobjects = new UpdateCallback() { public void update(float d) { secondUpdate(d); } }; private void secondUpdate(float dt) { this.addNewSprite(); } public void addBoxBodyForSprite(CCSprite sprite) { BodyDef spriteBodyDef = new BodyDef(); spriteBodyDef.type = BodyType.StaticBody; //spriteBodyDef.bullet=true; spriteBodyDef.position.set(sprite.getPosition().x / PTM_RATIO, sprite.getPosition().y / PTM_RATIO); spriteBody = _world.createBody(spriteBodyDef); spriteBody.setUserData(sprite); Vector2 verts[] = { new Vector2(-11.8f / PTM_RATIO, -24.5f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(11.7f / PTM_RATIO, -24.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(29.2f / PTM_RATIO, -14.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(28.7f / PTM_RATIO, -0.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(8.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.2f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-29.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-26.3f / PTM_RATIO, -12.2f / PTM_RATIO) }; PolygonShape spriteShape = new PolygonShape(); spriteShape.set(verts); //spriteShape.setAsBox(sprite.getContentSize().width/PTM_RATIO/2, //sprite.getContentSize().height/PTM_RATIO/2); FixtureDef spriteShapeDef = new FixtureDef(); spriteShapeDef.shape = spriteShape; spriteShapeDef.density = 2.0f; spriteShapeDef.friction = 0.70f; spriteShapeDef.restitution = 0.0f; spriteShapeDef.isSensor=true; spriteBody.createFixture(spriteShapeDef); } public void addNewSprite() { count=0; Random rand = new Random(); int Number = rand.nextInt(10); switch(Number) { case 0: _block = CCSprite.sprite("banana.png"); break; case 1: _block = CCSprite.sprite("backpack.png");break; case 2: _block = CCSprite.sprite("statue.png");break; case 3: _block = CCSprite.sprite("pineapple.png");break; case 4: _block = CCSprite.sprite("bananabunch.png");break; case 5: _block = CCSprite.sprite("hat.png");break; case 6: _block = CCSprite.sprite("canteen.png");break; case 7: _block = CCSprite.sprite("banana.png");break; case 8: _block = CCSprite.sprite("statue.png");break; case 9: _block = CCSprite.sprite("hat.png");break; } int padding=20; //_block.setPosition(CGPoint.make(100, 100)); // Determine where to spawn the target along the Y axis CGSize winSize = CCDirector.sharedDirector().displaySize(); int minY = (int)(_block.getContentSize().width / 2.0f); int maxY = (int)(winSize.width - _block.getContentSize().width / 2.0f); int rangeY = maxY - minY; int actualY = rand.nextInt(rangeY) + minY; // Create block and add it to the layer float xOffset = padding+_block.getContentSize().width/2+((_block.getContentSize().width+padding)*count); _block.setPosition(CGPoint.make(actualY, 750)); _block.setTag(1); float w = _block.getContentSize().width; objectHint.setVisible(true); objectHint.changeWidth(w); objectHint.setPosition(actualY-w/2, 460); this.addChild(_block,10000); // Create ball body and shape BodyDef ballBodyDef1 = new BodyDef(); ballBodyDef1.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; ballBodyDef1.position.set(actualY/PTM_RATIO, 480/PTM_RATIO); bodies = _world.createBody(ballBodyDef1); bodies.setUserData(_block); PolygonShape circle1 = new PolygonShape(); Vector2 verts[] = { new Vector2(-11.8f / PTM_RATIO, -24.5f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(11.7f / PTM_RATIO, -24.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(29.2f / PTM_RATIO, -14.0f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(28.7f / PTM_RATIO, -0.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(8.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.2f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-29.0f / PTM_RATIO, 18.7f / PTM_RATIO), new Vector2(-26.3f / PTM_RATIO, -12.2f / PTM_RATIO) }; circle1.set(verts); FixtureDef ballShapeDef1 = new FixtureDef(); ballShapeDef1.shape = circle1; ballShapeDef1.density = 10.0f; ballShapeDef1.friction = 0.0f; ballShapeDef1.restitution = 0.1f; bodies.createFixture(ballShapeDef1); count++; //Remove(); } @Override public void ccAccelerometerChanged(float accelX, float accelY, float accelZ) { //Apply the directional impulse /*float impulse = monkey_body.getMass()*accelY*WALK_FACTOR; Vector2 force = new Vector2(impulse, 0); monkey_body.applyLinearImpulse(force, monkey_body.getWorldCenter());*/ walk(accelY); //Remove(); } private void walk(float accelY) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub direction = accelY; } private void Remove() { for (Iterator<MyContact> it1 = _contactListener.mContacts.iterator(); it1.hasNext();) { MyContact contact = it1.next(); Body bodyA = contact.fixtureA.getBody(); Body bodyB = contact.fixtureB.getBody(); // See if there's any user data attached to the Box2D body // There should be, since we set it in addBoxBodyForSprite if (bodyA.getUserData() != null && bodyB.getUserData() != null) { CCSprite spriteA = (CCSprite) bodyA.getUserData(); CCSprite spriteB = (CCSprite) bodyB.getUserData(); // Is sprite A a cat and sprite B a car? If so, push the cat // on a list to be destroyed... if (spriteA.getTag() == 1 && spriteB.getTag() == 2) { //Log.v("dsfds", "dsfsd"+bodyA); //_world.destroyBody(bodyA); // removeChild(spriteA, true); toDestroy.add(bodyA); } // Is sprite A a car and sprite B a cat? If so, push the cat // on a list to be destroyed... else if (spriteA.getTag() == 2 && spriteB.getTag() == 1) { //Log.v("dsfds", "dsfsd"+bodyB); toDestroy.add(bodyB); } } } // Loop through all of the box2d bodies we want to destroy... for (Iterator<Body> it1 = toDestroy.iterator(); it1.hasNext();) { Body body = it1.next(); // See if there's any user data attached to the Box2D body // There should be, since we set it in addBoxBodyForSprite if (body.getUserData() != null) { // We know that the user data is a sprite since we set // it that way, so cast it... CCSprite sprite = (CCSprite) body.getUserData(); // Remove the sprite from the scene _world.destroyBody(body); removeChild(sprite, true); } // Destroy the Box2D body as well // _contactListener.mContacts.remove(0); } } public synchronized void tick(float delta) { synchronized (_world) { _world.step(delta, 8, 3); //_world.clearForces(); //addNewSprite(); } CCAnimation danceAnimation = CCAnimation.animation("dance", 1.0f); // Iterate over the bodies in the physics world Iterator<Body> it = _world.getBodies(); while(it.hasNext()) { Body b = it.next(); Object userData = b.getUserData(); if (userData != null && userData instanceof CCSprite) { //Synchronize the Sprites position and rotation with the corresponding body CCSprite sprite = (CCSprite)userData; if(sprite.getTag()==1) { //b.applyLinearImpulse(force, pos); sprite.setPosition(b.getPosition().x * PTM_RATIO, b.getPosition().y * PTM_RATIO); sprite.setRotation(-1.0f * ccMacros.CC_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES(b.getAngle())); } else { //Apply the directional impulse float impulse = monkey_body.getMass()*direction*WALK_FACTOR; Vector2 force = new Vector2(impulse, 0); b.applyLinearImpulse(force, b.getWorldCenter()); sprite.setPosition(b.getPosition().x * PTM_RATIO, b.getPosition().y * PTM_RATIO); animDelay -= 1.0f/60.0f; if(animDelay <= 0) { animDelay = ANIM_SPEED; animPhase++; if(animPhase > 2) { animPhase = 1; } } if(direction < 0 ) { isLeft=1; } else { isLeft=0; } if(isLeft==1) { dir = "left"; } else { dir = "right"; } float standingLimit = (float) 0.1f; float vX = monkey_body.getLinearVelocity().x; if((vX > -standingLimit)&& (vX < standingLimit)) { // Log.v("sasd", "standing"); } else { } } } } Remove(); } } Sorry for my english. Thanks in advance.

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  • Z-order with Alpha blending in a 3D world

    - by user41765
    I'm working on a game in a 3D world with 2D sprites only (like Don't Starve game). (OpenGL ES2 with C++) Currently, I'm ordering elements back to front before drawing them without batch (so 1 element = 1 drawcall). I would like to implement batching in my framework to decrease draw calls. Here is what I've got for the moment: Order all elements of my scene back to front. Send order list of elements to the Renderer. Renderer look in his batch manager if a batch exist for the given element with his Material. Batch didn't exist: create a new one. Batch exist for element with this Material: Add sprite to the batch. Compute big mesh with all sprite for each batch (1 material type = 1 batch). When all batches are ok, the batch manager compute draw commands for the renderer. Renderer process draw commands (bind shader, bind textures, bind buffers, draw element) Image with my problem here: Explication here But I've got some problems because objects can be behind another objects inside another batch. How can I do something like that? Thanks!

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  • Entity Component System for HUD and GUI

    - by Jason L.
    This is a very rough sketch of how I currently have things designed. It should, at least, give an idea of how my ECS is currently designed. If you notice in that diagram, I have basically split the HUD out of the ECS. They have their own set of things (HudLayer, HudComponent, etc) and are handled differently. This is where I'm struggling, though. There are many different instances in which the HUD will need to know about entities. Not just data changing (I have an event dispatcher for that), but the actual entity and all it encompasses. There are also situations where entities will need to be able to query the HUD for data. Let's take a couple examples: First, my equipment screen. On here I can change the equipment on a character (Entity). In order for this to happen, I need to know about the entity. At least I think I do? How can I handle this? The second scenario involves my Systems needing to query a HudComponent for data. A specific example would be my battle system. Each "team" is given a 3x3 grid they can move around in. See here: Skills target these cells, and not the player, so I would need a way for my systems to determine which cells are occupied and which are not. Basically I need a way for two way communication between Systems and my HUD. I know it's recommended (by some people, anyways) to take your HUD out of the ECS. Is that appropriate in my case?

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  • Simulating smooth movement along a line after calculating a collision containing a restitution of zero in 2D

    - by Casey
    [for tl;dr see after listing] //...Code to determine shapes types involved in collision here... //...Rectangle-Line collision detected. if(_rbTest->GetCollisionShape()->Intersects(*_ground->GetCollisionShape())) { //Convert incoming shape to a line. a2de::Line l(*dynamic_cast<a2de::Line*>(_ground->GetCollisionShape())); //Get line's normal. a2de::Vector2D normal_vector(l.GetSlope().GetY(), -l.GetSlope().GetX()); a2de::Vector2D::Normalize(normal_vector); //Accumulate forces involved. a2de::Vector2D intermediate_forces; a2de::Vector2D normal_force = normal_vector * _rbTest->GetMass() * _world->GetGravityHandler()->GetGravityValue(); intermediate_forces += normal_force; //Calculate final velocity: See [1] double Ma = _rbTest->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ua = _rbTest->GetVelocity(); double Mb = _ground->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ub = _ground->GetVelocity(); double mCr = Mb * _ground->GetRestitution(); a2de::Vector2D collision_velocity( ((Ma * Ua) + (Mb * Ub) + ((mCr * Ub) - (mCr * Ua))) / (Ma + Mb)); //Calculate reflection vector: See [2] a2de::Vector2D reflect_velocity( -collision_velocity + 2 * (a2de::Vector2D::DotProduct(collision_velocity, normal_vector)) * normal_vector ); //Affect velocity to account for restitution of colliding bodies. reflect_velocity *= (_ground->GetRestitution() * _rbTest->GetRestitution()); _rbTest->SetVelocity(reflect_velocity); //THE ULTIMATE ISSUE STEMS FROM THE FOLLOWING LINE: //Move object away from collision one pixel to prevent constant collision. _rbTest->SetPosition(_rbTest->GetPosition() + normal_vector); _rbTest->ApplyImpulse(intermediate_forces); } Sources: (1) Wikipedia: Coefficient of Restitution: Speeds after impact (2) Wikipedia: Specular Reflection: Direction of reflection First, I have a system in place to account for friction (that is, a coefficient of friction) but is not used right now (in addition, it is zero, which should not affect the math anyway). I'll deal with that after I get this working. Anyway, when the restitution of either object involved in the collision is zero the object stops as required, but if movement along the same direction (again, irrespective of the friction value that isn't used) as the line is attempted the object moves as if slogging through knee deep snow. If I remove the line of code in question and the object is not push away one pixel the object barely moves at all. All because the object collides, is stopped, is pushed up, collides, is stopped...etc. OR collides, is stopped, collides, is stopped, etc... TL;DR How do I only account for a collision ONCE for restitution purposes (BONUS: but CONTINUALLY for frictional purposes, to be implemented later)

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  • Having to check collisions twice per game tic

    - by user22241
    I have vertically moving elevators (3 solid tiles wide) and static solid tiles. Each are separate entities and therefore have their own respective collision routines (to check for, and resolve, collisions with the main character) I check my vertical collisions after characters vertical movements and then horizontal collisions after horizontal movements. The problem is that I want my platform to kill the player if it squashes him from the top, and also if he's on a moving platform (that is moving up) that squashes him into a solid block. Correct behaviour, player on solid blocks being squashed from above by decending elevator Here is what happens. Gravity pushes character into solid block, solid block collision routine corrects characters position and sits him on the solid block which pushes him into the moving elevator, elevator routine then checks for collision and kills player. This assumes I am checking solid blocks first, then elevator collisions. However, if it's the other way around, this happens.... Incorrect behaviour, player on accending elevator gets pushed into solid blocks above Player is on an elevator moving up, gravity pushes him into the elevator, solid block CD routine detects no collision, no action taken. Elevator CD routine detects character has been pushed into elevator by gravity, corrects this by moving character up and sitting him on the elevator and pushes him into the solid blocks above, however the solid block vertical routine has now already run for this tic, so the game continues and the next solid block collision that is encountered is the horizontal routine. This detects a collision and moves the character out of the collision to the left or right of the block which looks odd to say the least (character should get killed here). The only way I've managed to get this working correctly is by running the solid block CD, then the elevator CD, then the solid block CD again straight after. This is clearly wasteful but I can't figure out how else to do this. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • How should I show shared resources during a Shared Resource game in the Galaxy Editor?

    - by Mag Roader
    One of my favorite ways to play the original StarCraft was in a "Team" game. In this game type, multiple players on the same "team" would share control, resources, supply, and even the same starting location. It was like playing as 1 player, only 2 humans were controlling it. It was a lot of fun. I want to do something very similar in StarCraft 2, but I need to create a custom map in the Galaxy Editor to do it. I found the editor can quite easily emulate this behavior. There is a Trigger action "Set Alliance for Player Group" to "...treat each other as Ally With Shared Vision, Control, And Spending." To use this, I create units for only 1 of the players, and then set all players to be allied with each other in this way. All the other players get no units and no resources. This makes it so 1 player is the actual owner of all the units and everyone else is tagging along with full control. This nearly works! The problem is that if I am not the actual owning player, I can't actually see how many minerals/gas/supply the team has. This makes it pretty difficult to build stuff. What would be the best way to display to the other players how many Minerals/Gas/Supply the team has?

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  • GLSL: Strange light reflections [Solved]

    - by Tom
    According to this tutorial I'm trying to make a normal mapping using GLSL, but something is wrong and I can't find the solution. The output render is in this image: Image1 in this image is a plane with two triangles and each of it is different illuminated (that is bad). The plane has 6 vertices. In the upper left side of this plane are 2 identical vertices (same in the lower right). Here are some vectors same for each vertice: normal vector = 0, 1, 0 (red lines on image) tangent vector = 0, 0,-1 (green lines on image) bitangent vector = -1, 0, 0 (blue lines on image) here I have one question: The two identical vertices does need to have the same tangent and bitangent? I have tried to make other values to the tangents but the effect was still similar. Here are my shaders Vertex shader: #version 130 // Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader. in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace; in vec2 vertexUV; in vec3 vertexNormal_modelspace; in vec3 vertexTangent_modelspace; in vec3 vertexBitangent_modelspace; // Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment. out vec2 UV; out vec3 Position_worldspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; out vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; out vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform mat4 MVP; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1); // Position of the vertex, in worldspace : M * position Position_worldspace = (M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the camera, in camera space. // In camera space, the camera is at the origin (0,0,0). vec3 vertexPosition_cameraspace = ( V * M * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1)).xyz; EyeDirection_cameraspace = vec3(0,0,0) - vertexPosition_cameraspace; // Vector that goes from the vertex to the light, in camera space. M is ommited because it's identity. vec3 LightPosition_cameraspace = ( V * vec4(LightPosition_worldspace,1)).xyz; LightDirection_cameraspace = LightPosition_cameraspace + EyeDirection_cameraspace; // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one. UV = vertexUV; // model to camera = ModelView vec3 vertexTangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexTangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexBitangent_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexBitangent_modelspace; vec3 vertexNormal_cameraspace = MV3x3 * vertexNormal_modelspace; mat3 TBN = transpose(mat3( vertexTangent_cameraspace, vertexBitangent_cameraspace, vertexNormal_cameraspace )); // You can use dot products instead of building this matrix and transposing it. See References for details. LightDirection_tangentspace = TBN * LightDirection_cameraspace; EyeDirection_tangentspace = TBN * EyeDirection_cameraspace; } Fragment shader: #version 130 // Interpolated values from the vertex shaders in vec2 UV; in vec3 Position_worldspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_cameraspace; in vec3 LightDirection_tangentspace; in vec3 EyeDirection_tangentspace; // Ouput data out vec3 color; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform sampler2D DiffuseTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D NormalTextureSampler; uniform sampler2D SpecularTextureSampler; uniform mat4 V; uniform mat4 M; uniform mat3 MV3x3; uniform vec3 LightPosition_worldspace; void main(){ // Light emission properties // You probably want to put them as uniforms vec3 LightColor = vec3(1,1,1); float LightPower = 40.0; // Material properties vec3 MaterialDiffuseColor = texture2D( DiffuseTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb; vec3 MaterialAmbientColor = vec3(0.1,0.1,0.1) * MaterialDiffuseColor; //vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = texture2D( SpecularTextureSampler, UV ).rgb * 0.3; vec3 MaterialSpecularColor = vec3(0.5,0.5,0.5); // Local normal, in tangent space. V tex coordinate is inverted because normal map is in TGA (not in DDS) for better quality vec3 TextureNormal_tangentspace = normalize(texture2D( NormalTextureSampler, vec2(UV.x,-UV.y) ).rgb*2.0 - 1.0); // Distance to the light float distance = length( LightPosition_worldspace - Position_worldspace ); // Normal of the computed fragment, in camera space vec3 n = TextureNormal_tangentspace; // Direction of the light (from the fragment to the light) vec3 l = normalize(LightDirection_tangentspace); // Cosine of the angle between the normal and the light direction, // clamped above 0 // - light is at the vertical of the triangle -> 1 // - light is perpendicular to the triangle -> 0 // - light is behind the triangle -> 0 float cosTheta = clamp( dot( n,l ), 0,1 ); // Eye vector (towards the camera) vec3 E = normalize(EyeDirection_tangentspace); // Direction in which the triangle reflects the light vec3 R = reflect(-l,n); // Cosine of the angle between the Eye vector and the Reflect vector, // clamped to 0 // - Looking into the reflection -> 1 // - Looking elsewhere -> < 1 float cosAlpha = clamp( dot( E,R ), 0,1 ); color = // Ambient : simulates indirect lighting MaterialAmbientColor + // Diffuse : "color" of the object MaterialDiffuseColor * LightColor * LightPower * cosTheta / (distance*distance) + // Specular : reflective highlight, like a mirror MaterialSpecularColor * LightColor * LightPower * pow(cosAlpha,5) / (distance*distance); //color.xyz = E; //color.xyz = LightDirection_tangentspace; //color.xyz = EyeDirection_tangentspace; } I have replaced the original color value by EyeDirection_tangentspace vector and then I got other strange effect but I can not link the image (not eunogh reputation) Is it possible that with this shaders is something wrong, or maybe in other place in my code e.g with my matrices?

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  • blender: 3D model from guide images

    - by Stefan
    In a effort to learn the blender interface, which is confusing to say the least, I've chosen to model a model from referrence pictures easily found on the web. Problem is that I can't ( and won't ) get perfect "right", "front" and "top" pictures. Blender only allows you to see the background pictures when in ortographic mode and only from right|front|top, which doesn't help me. How to I proceed to model from non-perfect guide images?

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  • How to Make Objects Fall Faster in a Physics Simulation

    - by David Dimalanta
    I used the collision physics (i.e. Box2d, Physics Body Editor) and implemented onto the java code. I'm trying to make the fall speed higher according to the examples: It falls slower if light object (i.e. feather). It falls faster depending on the object (i.e. pebble, rock, car). I decided to double its falling speed for more excitement. I tried adding the mass but the speed of falling is constant instead of gaining more speed. check my code that something I put under input processor's touchUp() return method under same roof of the class that implements InputProcessor and Screen: @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { // TODO Touch Up Event if(is_Next_Fruit_Touched) { BodyEditorLoader Fruit_Loader = new BodyEditorLoader(Gdx.files.internal("Shape_Physics/Fruity Physics.json")); Fruit_BD.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; Fruit_BD.position.set(x, y); FixtureDef Fruit_FD = new FixtureDef(); // --> Allows you to make the object's physics. Fruit_FD.density = 1.0f; Fruit_FD.friction = 0.7f; Fruit_FD.restitution = 0.2f; MassData mass = new MassData(); mass.mass = 5f; Fruit_Body[n] = world.createBody(Fruit_BD); Fruit_Body[n].setActive(true); // --> Let your dragon fall. Fruit_Body[n].setMassData(mass); Fruit_Body[n].setGravityScale(1.0f); System.out.println("Eggs... " + n); Fruit_Loader.attachFixture(Fruit_Body[n], Body, Fruit_FD, Fruit_IMG.getWidth()); Fruit_Origin = Fruit_Loader.getOrigin(Body, Fruit_IMG.getWidth()).cpy(); is_Next_Fruit_Touched = false; up = y; Gdx.app.log("Initial Y-coordinate", "Y at " + up); //Once it's touched, the next fruit will set to drag. if(n < 50) { n++; }else{ System.exit(0); } } return true; } And take note, at show() method , the view size from the camera is at 720x1280: camera_1 = new OrthographicCamera(); camera_1.viewportHeight = 1280; camera_1.viewportWidth = 720; camera_1.position.set(camera_1.viewportWidth * 0.5f, camera_1.viewportHeight * 0.5f, 0f); camera_1.update(); I know it's a good idea to add weight to make the falling object falls faster once I released the finger from the touchUp() after I picked the object from the upper right of the screen but the speed remains either constant or slow. How can I solve this? Can you help?

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  • Any open source editor to make video games online without programming knowledge?

    - by chelder
    With Scratch we can create video games online, from its web platform, and publish them on the same web. I could download its source code and use it, as many others already did (see Scratch modifications). Unfortunately, we need programming knowledge to use it. Actually, Scratch is mainly for teaching kids to code. I also found editors like Construct 2, GameSalad Creator and many others (just type on Google: create a video game without programming). With those editors we can create video games without coding. Unfortunately they are neither open source nor web platform. They need to be installed on Windows or Mac. Do you know some editor like Construct 2 or GameSalad Creator but open source and executable from a web server? Maybe some HTML5 game engine can do it?

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  • Why don't Normal maps in tangent space have a single blue color?

    - by seahorse
    Normal maps are predominantly blue in color because the z component maps to Blue and since normals point out of the surface in the z direction we see Blue as the predominant component. If the above is true then why are normal maps just of one color i.e. blue and they should not be having any other shades(not even shades of blue) Since by definition tangent space is perpendicular to normal at any point we should have the normal always pointing in the Z (Blue direction) with no X(Red component) and Y(Green component). Thus the normal map(since it is a "normal map") should have had color of normals which is just the Blue(Z =Blue compoennt = 1, R=0, G=0) and the normal map should have been of only Blue color with no shades in between. But even then normal maps are not so, and they have gradients of shades in them, why is this so?

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  • Algorithm for optimal control on space ship using accelerometer input data

    - by mm24
    Does someone have a good algorithm for controlling a space ship in a vertical shooter game using acceleration data? I have done a simple algorithm, but works very badly. I save an initial acceleration value (used to calibrate the movement according to the user's initial position) and I do subtract it from the current acceleration so I get a "calibrated" value. The problem is that basing the movement solely on relative acceleration has an effect of loss of sensitivity: certain movements are independent from the initial position. Would anyone be able to share a a better solution? I am wondering if I should use/integrate also inputs from gyroscope hardware. Here is my sample of code for a Cocos2d iOS game: - (void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { if (calibrationLayer.visible){ [self evaluateCalibration:acceleration]; initialAccelleration=acceleration; return; } if([self evaluatePause]){ return; } ShooterScene * shooterScene = (ShooterScene *) [self parent]; ShipEntity *playerSprite = [shooterScene playerShip]; float accellerationtSensitivity = 0.5f; UIAccelerationValue xAccelleration = acceleration.x - initialAccelleration.x; UIAccelerationValue yAccelleration = acceleration.y - initialAccelleration.y; if(xAccelleration > 0.05 || xAccelleration < -0.05) { [playerSprite setPosition:CGPointMake(playerSprite.position.x + xAccelleration * 80, playerSprite.position.y + yAccelleration * 80)]; } else if(yAccelleration > 0.05 || yAccelleration < -0.05) { [playerSprite setPosition:CGPointMake(playerSprite.position.x + xAccelleration * 80, playerSprite.position.y + yAccelleration * 80)]; } }

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  • Height Map Mapping to "Chunked" Quadrilateralized Spherical Cube

    - by user3684950
    I have been working on a procedural spherical terrain generator for a few months which has a quadtree LOD system. The system splits the six faces of a quadrilateralized spherical cube into smaller "quads" or "patches" as the player approaches those faces. What I can't figure out is how to generate height maps for these patches. To generate the heights I am using a 3D ridged multi fractals algorithm. For now I can only displace the vertices of the patches directly using the output from the ridged multi fractals. I don't understand how I generate height maps that allow the vertices of a terrain patch to be mapped to pixels in the height map. The only thing I can think of is taking each vertex in a patch, plug that into the RMF and take that position and translate into u,v coordinates then determine the pixel position directly from the u,v coordinates and determine the grayscale color based on the height. I feel as if this is the right approach but there are a few other things that may further complicate my problem. First of all I intend to use "height maps" with a pixel resolution of 192x192 while the vertex "resolution" of each terrain patch is only 16x16 - meaning that I don't have any vertices to sample for the RMF for most of the pixels. The main reason the height map resolution is higher so that I can use it to generate a normal map (otherwise the height maps serve little purpose as I can just directly displace vertices as I currently am). I am pretty much following this paper very closely. This is, essentially, the part I am having trouble with. Using the cube-to-sphere mapping and the ridged multifractal algorithm previously described, a normalized height value ([0, 1]) is calculated. Using this height value, the terrain position is calculated and stored in the first three channels of the positionmap (RGB) – this will be used to calculate the normalmap. The fourth channel (A) is used to store the height value itself, to be used in the heightmap. The steps in the first sentence are my primary problem. I don't understand how the pixel positions correspond to positions on the sphere and what positions are sampled for the RMF to generate the pixels if only vertices cannot be used.

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  • Embed Unity3D and load multiple games from a single app

    - by Rafael Steil
    Is is possible to export an entire unity3d project/game as an AssetBundle and load it on iOS/Android/Windows on an app that doesn't know anything about such game beforehand? What I have in mind is something like the web plugin does - it loads a series of .unity3d files over http, and render inline in the browser window. Is it even possible to do something closer for iOS/Android? I have read a lot of docs so far, but still can't be sure: http://floored.com/blog/2013/integrating-unity3d-within-ios-native-application.html http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/LoadingResourcesatRuntime.html http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/AssetBundlesIntro.html The code from the post at http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/112703-Override-Unity-Data-folder-path?p=749108&viewfull=1#post749108 works for Android, but how about iOS and other platforms?

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  • How to proceed on the waypoint path?

    - by Alpha Carinae
    I'm using Dijkstra algorithm to find shortest path and I'm drawing this path on the screen. As the character object moves on, path updates itself(shortens as the object approaches the target and gets longer as the object moves away from it.) I tried to visualize my problem. This is the beginning state. 'A' node is the target, path is the blue and the object is the green one. I draw this path, from object to the closest node. In this case my problem occurs. Because 'D' node is more closer to the object than 'C' node, something like this happens: So, how can i decide that the object passed the 'D' node? Path should be look like this: One thing comes to my mind is that I use some distance variables between the two closest nodes in the route path. (In this example these are 'C' and 'D' nodes.) As the object approaches 'C' and moves away from the 'D' node at the same time, this means character passed the 'D'. However, I think there are some standardized and easy ways to solve this. What approach should I take?

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  • What do you use to bundle / encrypt data?

    - by David McGraw
    More and more games are going the data driven route which means that there needs to be a layer of security around easy manipulation. I've seen it where games completely bundle up their assets (audio, art, data) and I'm wondering how they are managing that? Are there applications / libraries that will bundle and assist you with managing the assets within? If not is there any good resources that you would point to for packing / unpacking / encryption? This specific question revolves around C++, but I would be open to hear how this is managed in C#/XNA as well. Just to be clear -- I'm not out to engineer a solution to prevent hacking. At the fundamental level we're all manipulating 0's and 1's. But, we do want to keep the 99% of people that play the game from simply modifying XML files that are used to build the game world. I've seen plenty of games bundle all of their resources together. I'm simply curious about the methods they're using.

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  • How to give a ball a following texture trailing effect

    - by Evan Kohilas
    How do I draw copies of the leading texture so that there is a line of the leading ball following behind it? (that don't collide) So far I have tried to create the effect by placing another graphic 2 pixels off the graphic, but I don't see the second ball being drawn. spriteBatch.Draw(ballTexture, ballPos, null, Color.White, 0.0f, new Vector2(Ballpos.X +2, ballPos.Y +2), ballSize, SpriteEffects.None, 0); Thanks.

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  • Translate extrinsic rotations to intrinsic rotations ( Euler angles )

    - by MineMan287
    The problem I have is very frustrating: I am using the Jitter Physics library which gives Quaternion rotations, you can extract the extrinsic rotations but I need intrinsic rotations to rotate in OpenTK (There are other reasons as well so I don't want to make OpenTK use a Matrix) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) EDIT : Response to the first answer Like This? GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) Or This? GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(xr, 1, 0, 0) GL.Rotate(yr, 0, 1, 0) GL.Rotate(zr, 0, 0, 1) I'm confused, please give an example

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  • How can I Implement KeyListeners/ActionListeners into the JFrame?

    - by A.K.
    I'll get to the point: I have a player in my game that you control with the keyboard yet the key methods in the player class and ActionListener w/ KeyAdapter in the Board class don't seem to fire. So far I've tried adding these key methods into the JFrame, doesn't seem to let me move him even though other objects that I have (enemies) can move fine. Here's part of the JFrame class with the event listeners: frm.addKeyListener(KeyBoardListener); public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { nSound.play(); StartB.setContentAreaFilled(false); cards.remove(StartB); frm.remove(TitleL); frm.remove(cards); frm.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1)); frm.add(nBoard); //Add Game "Tiles" Or Content. x = 1200 nBoard.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1200, 420)); cards.revalidate(); frm.validate(); } public KeyListener KeyBoardListener = new KeyListener() { @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = -4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 4; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) { nBoard.S.fire(); } } @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent args0) { int key = args0.getKeyCode(); if(key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) { nBoard.S.vx = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } if(key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) { nBoard.S.vy = 0; } } @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent args0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } };

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  • How can I downsample a texture using FBOs?

    - by snape
    I am rendering a scene to FBO as my render target whose size is 8 times the size of the orignal screen in OpenGL. Now i wan to downsample the texture generated by FBO to the size of the screen so as to achieve spatial anti aliasing. How do i achieve the down sampling ? Please provide implementation details. Note : If there is a better way of doing anti aliasing in FBOs please mention that too. I am trying to remove the aliasing in the image attached below.

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  • Blender: How to "meshify" an object I made from Bezier curves

    - by capcom
    I made a star shape using Bezier curves, and extruded it (see pic below): What I want to do is give it a rounder look - not just around the edges by using beveling. I want it to kind of look like this (well, that shape anyway): How would I go about doing this? Please keep in mind that I am extremely new to Blender. I thought that I could somehow turn this star into those default shapes that have tonnes of squares which I could pull out, and apply a mirror to it so that the same thing happens on both sides. I really don't know how to do it, and would appreciate your help.

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  • Hide individual regions on a territory map

    - by Paul
    I have a map of adjacent irregularly-shaped territories. It happens to be a county map, but that's not important. In the game, the player only sees a few to start, and as he progresses to new territories, the ones adjacent to it are revealed. It's a territory-scale fog-of-war. I'm using Unity3D, and my inclination is to make a set of planes, each of which has an image of a single territory on it, and then arrange them manually like a jigsaw puzzle. It then is fairly easy to respond to a click on each region and also to mark the planes as visible or invisible, or even do clever things like fade or zoom on individual regions. This sounds like an arduous task, and if we need to change the visual design of the territories, we'd have to cut up the main map all over again into each of the individual pieces. Does anyone have a more elegant solution to this problem?

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  • How can I simulate objects floating on water without a physics engine?

    - by user1075940
    In my game the water movement is done in a shader using Gerstner equations. The water movement looks realistic enough for a school project but I encounter serious problem when I wanted to do sailing on waves (similar to this). I managed to do collision with land by calculating quad's vertices and normals beneath ship, however same method can not be applied to water because XZ are displaced and Y is calculated in a shader :( How to approach this problem ? Is it possible to retrieve transformed grid from shader? Unfortunately no external physics libraries can be used.

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