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• Why should one have a secondary DNS server?

  - by Sam Levin

  I'm very confused. I basically understand how DNS works. Here's an example that helps illustrate what I'm having trouble understanding. Right now, I run a small web-server. I use my provider's DNS manager, so I don't have a DNS server hosted on the machine. Let's say for a second, that I don't use my host's DNS, and I decide to set up a DNS server on my server. Hypothetical scenario: my server (entire) server goes down - DNS included. Why do I need backup DNS? If the server is down, who cares if the DNS server is down too, considering that even if I had DNS up (it wasn't on the crashed server), it wouldn't be able to forward requests anyway since the server would be down? Is the point of having secondary DNS, to be able to change the IP addresses that your DNS server points to, so if your webserver was down, you could redirect traffic to a backup? How would you switch to the secondary provider, in the event that your main DNS provider becomes unavailable? Is a backup DNS system basically up all the time? How is it configured? Is it just an exact clone of the DNS server you would have on your server? Do they run simultaneously? Hopefully someone can see what I'm hung up on, and provide some guidance. Thanks

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• Robocopy launches and then hangs/just sits there

  - by NateO

  I'm setting up an archive process to store old files on an external hard drive. The computer in question is running Windows 7 Pro 32bit. We have a server folder with 150,000+ files in it, most of which are pretty small (below 200k). I'm trying to use robocopy in a batch file to do this. It was working fine the other day, now all it does upon launch is sit there. It shows me all the options and whatnot, and also lists the number of files in the directory and the directory itself, but it never gets past that line. If I switch the destination to the local C drive, it eventually starts copying files. Is there something in my batch file that needs to change? Or could there be a problem with the external Western Digital drive that I'm using? The WD drive currently is holding about 175,000 files. Here is the one line batch file I have: robocopy "\\cgifp01\Prepress\Public\ImportedPDF" "E:\OldFiles" *.* /R:2 /W:10 /MINAGE:15 /MOV /B /XJ /XF "blank_test.pdf" Thanks for any tips or ideas. Nate

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• copying an lvm partition to a smaller disk, and renaming volume groups.

  - by dlamblin

  I was trying to shrink a vmdk (VMWare disk image) file to be as small as possible, and found two recommendations. The first is to cat /dev/zero into the fs then delete it, and run VMWare tools' shrink. This works okay. The second is to copy everything into a new vmdk. I went the second route. I did not use dd because I actaully want to use as few blocks as possible, instead of having a block-by-clok copy. Any unlinked files will still have blocks that aren't zeroed out. Secondly the centos image was mostly lvm, except for the boot partition, and my target was going to be 4gb instead of 8gb. I did use dd for the first 40mb to get the boot blocks and partition copied. I then used parted to create an identical primary boot, and smaller primary lvm. Then I used pvcreate on that device sdb2, vgcreate, and lvcreate to create a root and swap. I used mkfs.ext3fs on the root partition and then rsync -av / /2root excluding /proc /sys /2root /dev. So far everything went fine. My problem is that: The result is 2.7 GB while the source was 2.1 GB. This is weird to me. The second vgroup is called VolGroup01, while the original was called VolGroup00. How can I rename the VolGroup01 to VolGroup00 and swap it out after all this?

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• Conky starts above windows in Ubuntu Maverick

  - by DesertIvy

  Hey guys, I did not run into this problem until I upgraded my Ubuntu box to Maverick Meerkat (10.10). Basically, whenever I start my computer, conky runs as expected, except it gets drawn over any windows that I load (see screenshot). To fix this for a single session, I simply restart conky by running killall conky; conky in a terminal. Conky gets re-drawn below active windows (namely, only appearing on my desktop), and does not have the border/drop-shadow, but I have to do this every time I start a new session. Is there a simple way to fix this? I have a small shell script that I run on startup, but it does not seem to solve the problem. #!/bin/bash sleep 10 && conky; sleep 5 && killall conky; conky; Below is the non-text part of my .conkyrc file. # Conky settings # background yes update_interval 1 cpu_avg_samples 2 net_avg_samples 2 override_utf8_locale yes double_buffer yes no_buffers yes text_buffer_size 2048 #imlib_cache_size 0 temperature_unit fahrenheit # Window specifications # own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorate,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager,below border_inner_margin 0 border_outer_margin 0 minimum_size 200 250 maximum_width 200 alignment tr gap_x 220 gap_y 280 # Graphics settings # draw_shades no draw_outline no draw_borders no draw_graph_borders no # Text settings # use_xft yes xftfont caviar dreams:size=8 xftalpha 0.5 uppercase no temperature_unit celsius default_color FFFFFF # Lua Load # lua_load ~/.lua/scripts/clock_rings.lua lua_draw_hook_pre clock_rings

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• Are applications optimized for XenApp?

  - by damitamit

  Our IT dept are about to deploy virtualized apps using Citrix XenApp. One of these apps will be Dynamics AX 4.0 SP2, a ERP client (which I develop on). They have supposedly reached a roadblock because an external 'Dynamics AX Consultant' has told our IT Dept that Dynamics 4 will not work optimally on Citrix and will run very slow because it is not optimized for Citrix. We have it running in a Test environment now and seems ok. They have been told that the only 'solution' is to upgrade to Dynamics AX 2009 where supposedly this problem as been fixed. (not a small task for my team!) When I heard about this, I was quite surprised. From my brief knowledge of Citrix, I thought it would be application independent. How does the citrix app virtualization work, in that a particular app would work better than others on citrix? Would the speed of the virtualized app not just depend on the resources/network connection the citrix server has? FYI, Dynamics AX is a 3-tier client/server system, so the client will be accessing a AOS application server, which then accesses the database. Please enlighten me :)

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• Limit the amount of data that can be stored in a folder on Ubuntu Server 12.04?

  - by dougoftheabaci

  I'm in the process of building my first server. It's up, it's running, I'm transferring copious amounts of data away from my horrid little Drobo (DO NOT BUY ONE OF THESE, EVER). However, there's one thing I have yet to do: I'd like to set it up for Time Machine backups as well. I've seen all the guides and I have some idea of how to set the whole thing up, but the issue is that Time Machine will just fill up as much space as you let it. So if I let it lose in my 8 TB zpool it'll slowly consume every last available sector. This, of course, is not acceptable. I have a folder at the root of my zpool called "ZFS Time Machine" and I would like to limit it to 1 TB (all I need for backup purposes). However, I have no idea how to do that. Is this possible? I can continue using a small external hard drive attached via FW800 if I have to but I'd much rather prefer putting everything on my server.

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• Asterisk, IAXModem & Hylafax how-tos?

  - by Brian Postow

  I'm trying to set up Asterisk and IAXModem to send faxes via T38 (Yes, I know I'm swatting a fly with a Buick...) However, since I'm trying to do something so small with a product so large, I'm having trouble finding samples or how-tos that show me how to set this up. I've got all three installed, and I THINK I have my IAXModem config correct. I'm pretty sure that I have Hylafax correct (I've used it with T38Modem) so, I need to know which of the Asterisk samples I need to use, and how to use them. I think I want to use some combination of iax.conf, iaxprov.conf, sip.conf and sip_notify.conf. But I'm not sure where to put them, or what to change... I'm sure that the answer is RTFM, but I'm not sure WHICH M, or where in it to R... thanks. EDIT On a mailing list, someone told me that this actually WON'T WORK because IAX doesn't do T38. So, is there some other way to get Asterisk to work with Hylafax and send T38? I know that Asterisk does T38, the question is how to get the data from Hylafax and back...

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• PostgreSQL failover cluster on Windows Server

  - by user36997

  We are looking for advice on how to setup a basic failover cluster for our application: We will be using 4 machines running Microsoft Windows Server (most probably 2003). All four will always run our application, which is essentially a web service. Load balancing is "outsourced" - somebody else handles the distribution of the web requests among the servers. Only one of the servers will be running the PostgreSQL server actively at any given time. Another server (of the four) also has the DB installed, but is on standby/passive. The DB data is stored on shared storage. No copying data between servers. Reads are done very frequently by many end-users, and in rather small chunks of data. Writes are done much less frequently, by less users, and in very large bulks of data. Now, how can one configure Microsoft Cluster Service to keep only one instance of the DB server and 4 instances (1 per server) of our application at all times? And does PostgreSQL integrate neatly with MSCS at all? Update: Instead of keeping the data on shared storage, I also consider using log shipping to replicate data on a couple of DB servers. There are two issues with this option: Log shipping only makes sure that I have a second server that gets all of the data and is ready to take over. How do I implement the actual failure detection and failover switch? Switching back: Suppose the master fails and the system automatically fails over to the slave, and later the master comes back online. I understand that with WAL shipping this will require to reconfigure the log shipping once again, and that switching back is far from seamless. Is that so?

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• Batch deletion of smaller files from group of files via unix command line

  - by artlung

  I have a large number (more than 400) of directories full of photos. What I want to do is to keep the larger sizes of these photos. Each directory has 31 to 66 files in it. Each directory has thumbnails, and larger versions, plus a file called example.jpg I dispatched the example.jpg file easily with: rm */example.jpg I initially thought that it would be easy to delete the thumbnails, but the problem is they are not consistently named. The typical pattern was photo1.jpg and photo1s.jpg. I did rm */photo*s.jpg but it ended up some of the files named photoXs.jpg were actually larger and not smaller. Argh. So what I want to do is scan each directory for filesize and delete (or move) the thumbnails. I initially thought I'd just ls -R every file and extract the size of each file and save those under a threshold. The problem? In one directory the large will be 1.1 MB and the thumb is 200k. In another the large is 200k and the small 30k. Even worse, the files really are mostly named photo1.jpg - so simply putting them all in the same folder, sorting by size, and deleting in groups would not work without renaming already, and if it's possible I'd prefer to keep them in their folders. I was almost resolved to just doing this all manually, but then thought I'd ask here. How would you do this task?

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• Web hosting for multiple web sites providing system isolation

  - by Justin

  We have a small number of projects where we expect the client will not be maintaining the installed versions of applications we install to power the site (such as Drupal). Given that an important part of security is keeping things updated, we don't want to host these projects on our Plesk-powered dedicated servers that currently host lots of our other client's websites. Our goal is to find a host where we can deploy isolated instances (be these slices, virtual servers, grid servers, etc) for each individual (or groups of 2-3) web sites as we need them. These instances would be completely separate, so that if one web site were hacked it would not impact any other site. Typical hosting requirements: Linux Apache PHP 5 MySQL Supports Drupal Ability to setup a cron task (but we don't need SSH access) Daily backups Virtualized/cloud hosting (we want to avoid shared) Pricing per site is around $25/month OS is patched automatically Some options we have considered but won't work: MediaTemple: Two major data center-wide security incidents and recent downtime foster doubt about this host's technical ability. Slicehost: This would require us to manage the entire server, which we don't want to do. Rackspace Cloud Sites (formerly Mosso): No backup options. Do you have any recommended hosting options for given these requirements?

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• Which server software and configuration to retrieve from multiple POP servers, routing by address to correct user

  - by rolinger

  I am setting up a small email server on a Debian machine, which needs to pick up mail from a variety of POP servers and figure out who to send it to from the address, but I'm not clear what software will do what I need, although it seems like a very simple question! For example, I have 2 users, Alice and Bob. Any email to [email protected] ([email protected] etc) should go to Alice, all other mail to domain.example.com should go to Bob. Any email to [email protected] should go to Bob, and [email protected] should go to Alice Anything to *@bobs.place.com should go to Bob And so on... The idea is to pull together a load of mail addresses that have built up over the years and present them all as a single mailbox for Bob and another one for Alice. I'm expecting something like Postfix + Dovecot + Amavis + Spamassassin + Squirrelmail to fit the bill, but I'm not sure where the above comes in, can Postfix deal with it as a set of defined regular expressions, or is it a job for Amavis, or something else entirely? Do I need fetchmail in this mix, or is its role now included in one of the other components above. I think of it as content-filtering, but everything I read about content-filtering is focussed on detecting spam rather than routing email.

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• Avoiding DNS timeouts when a dns server fails

  - by Neil Katin

  We have a small datacenter with about a hundred hosts pointing to 3 internal dns servers (bind 9). Our problem comes when one of the internal dns servers becomes unavailable. At that point all the clients that point to that server start performing very slowly. The problem seems to be that the stock linux resolver doesn't really have the concept of "failing over" to a different dns server. You can adjust the timeout and number of retries it uses, (and set rotate so it will work through the list), but no matter what settings one uses our services perform much more slowly if a primary dns server becomes unavailable. At the moment this is one of the largest sources of service disruptions for us. My ideal answer would be something like "RTFM: tweak /etc/resolv.conf like this...", but if that's an option I haven't seen it. I was wondering how other folks handled this issue? I can see 3 possible types of solutions: Use linux-ha/Pacemaker and failover ips (so the dns IP VIPs are "always" available). Alas, we don't have a good fencing infrastructure, and without fencing pacemaker doesn't work very well (in my experience Pacemaker lowers availability without fencing). Run a local dns server on each node, and have resolv.conf point to localhost. This would work, but it would give us a lot more services to monitor and manage. Run a local cache on each node. Folks seem to consider nscd "broken", but dnrd seems to have the right feature set: it marks dns servers as up or down, and won't use 'down' dns servers. Any-casting seems to work only at the ip routing level, and depends on route updates for server failure. Multi-casting seemed like it would be a perfect answer, but bind does not support broadcasting or multi-casting, and the docs I could find seem to suggest that multicast dns is more aimed at service discovery and auto-configuration rather than regular dns resolving. Am I missing an obvious solution?

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• VMWare Newbie - looking for hardware recommendations and help :) [closed]

  - by Dan

  I am looking for some hardware recommendations on an upcoming virtualization project. We are a small company (80 users - 25 in site 1, 55 in site 2) currently using Windows Server 2003 - no VM servers yet. Our AD is setup where site 1 is the root domain and site 2 is a subdomain/subnet - connected by T1 and VPN for failover. The current DC's also server as file servers, print servers, AntiVirus servers. Email is in the cloud. Additionally then in site 1 we have 3 additional member servers - one running IBM Websphere for a customer specific app, one running Infor PowerLink (no real heavy load) and another that we use for Virtual Studio apps and also runs DirSync for Exchange Online. No heavy workloads on any of these machines really. We also have an AS400 box that we run ERP/CRM software on that site 2 connects to over the WAN link. In site 2 we also have a SQL machine that runs on Win2K server. Database files are not large less than 5 GB. Light to Medium workload on this machine. File servers in each site store less than 500 GB data and probably won't grow to more than 1TB in the next 5 years. I am looking to go to VMWare in both sites and virtualize all servers. What recommendations do you have for server, storage hardware? Is it safe to virtualize all of your DC's? Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• How long will a USB key with an OS installed on it last?

  - by Xananax

  I've heard numerous times that installing an OS on a USB key is a bad thing to do, as USBs typically have a certain number of writes before dying, and installing an OS on it will wear it out (unless it's used sporadically for rescue purposes). Nonetheless, I am very tempted to install some flavour of Linux (Ubuntu or Arch, I haven't decided yet) on a small, transportable, USB Key. My problem is, although you read a lot that it's "bad", you are never told how bad. How long would it last (provided, say, a pc that is 24/7 on)? A month? A year? Five years? Is there recipes to make it last longer? Is there any reason beside weariness that should prevent me from attempting this? I mean, if it can be calculated, then I could theoretically shield myself by doing regular backups on another key when the deadline gets close (for example). Notes I am not talking of using a USB as a live CD, but actually installing the OS on it.) When I say "USB Key", I refer to the little USBs with a flash memory, not an external USB hard drive. For the curious, my reason is that I work in a lot of different places, on different PCs, and I have a very customized session, with my own WM, my own key bindings, my own scripts, , a selection of plugins for firefox and chrome, etc, and currently I am synchronizing all this through a mix of dropbox, git, and transporting files on USBs, and and it's becoming a chore. It would be much simpler for me to just plug the USB and mount the hard disk of the PC I am using and use it's processing power without actually needing to install any OS on it.

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• Getting started with webserver clustering.

  - by Ernie

  I work for a small ISP, and we host about 250 domains and all the stuff that goes along with that: DNS, mail, spam filtering, and backups. Currently, we have separate DNS servers (two of them) and mail servers (outgoing mail is actually on the secondary DNS server, but was previously on its own server). In the past, this was done as an insurance measure. The last thing we need is for some doofus (usually yours truly) to hose a server, taking out DNS and mail right along with it, or for spammers to jam our incoming SMTP server, preventing outgoing mail from being sent too. In the past, this was a problem, and our servers were set up the way they are now to combat it. However, clustering solutions like Sun's Cobalt RAQ (in days of olde) and Virtualmin appear to cater to an all-in-one approach, then deal with failures through redundant servers. I have avoided this thus far, but we've been using Virtualmin on our web server for a while now, and I'd like to expand into using it for a high availability cluster. Our networking partner has recently built a datacenter that has eliminated all of our other bugaboos like network, cooling, and power issues, so now the only thing left to go wrong is me hosing a server, which happened earlier this month. One of the bigger reasons we've avoided going this route is because our hardware requirements aren't particularly high. One server easily handles all the sites we host (most of them are flat sites). Also, load-balancing routers tend to be expensive and complicated. All that I'm really expecting to do is building a two-node cluster for redundancy so that when I hose a server (however rare that might be), we're not out for 8-12 hours while I rebuild it. What I need to know is how to get started, and if I'm really in a position to bother with this kind of thing at all.

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• Using UDF on a USB flash drive

  - by CesarB

  After failing to copy a file bigger than 4G to my 8G USB flash drive, I formatted it as ext3. While this is working fine for me so far, it will cause problems if I want to use it to copy files to someone which does not use Linux. I am thinking of formatting it as UDF instead, which I hope would allow it to be read (and possibly even written) on the three most popular operating systems (Windows, MacOS, and Linux), without having to install any extra drivers. However, from what I found on the web already, there seem to be several small gotchas related to which parameters are used to create the filesystem, which can reduce the compability (but most of the pages I found are about optical media, not USB flash drives). I would like to know: Which utility should I use to create the filesystem? (So far I have found mkudffs and genisoimage, and mkudffs seems the best option.) Which parameters should I use with the chosen utility for maximum compability? How compatible with the most common versions of these three operating systems UDF actually is? Is using UDF actually the best idea? Is there another filesystem which would have better compatibility, with no problematic restrictions like the FAT32 4G file size limit, and without having to install special drivers in every single computer which touches it?

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• Failing to send email on Ubuntu box (Karmic Koala)

  - by user25312

  I have a home network with an XP and Ubuntu (9.10) box. I have created a small test php script for checking that I can send emails from my machine. I am using the same php.ini file with the same [mail settings], yet the file works on my XP box, and fails on the Ubuntu box. I have included the script here, hopefully, someone can spot whats going wrong: <?php // send e-mail to ... $to="[email protected]"; // Your subject $subject="Test Email"; // From //$header="from: test script"; $header='From: host-email-username@hostdomain_here' . "\r\n" . // Your message $message="Hello \r\n"; $message.="This is test\r\n"; $message.="Test again "; // send email $sentmail = mail($to,$subject,$message,$header); // if your email succesfully sent if($sentmail){ echo "Email Has Been Sent ."; } else { echo "Cannot Send Email "; } ?> The emails have been spoofed for obvious reasons, but otherwise, the script is exactly as the one I tested [Edit] I have since installed mailutils package on my Ubuntu box, now the script runs and returns 'Email has been sent'. However, the mail never arrives in my mail inbox (I've waited 1 day so far). Is there something else I need to be looking at?

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• Slow network file transfer (under 20KB/s) on newly built x64 Win7

  - by Mangoshake

  I am getting <20KB/s for local network file transfer. If I transfer a very small file (less than 100KB) it would start quickly then slow down to <20KB/s. all subsequently network file transfer would be slow, a reboot is needed to reset this. If I transfer a large file it would be stuck on calculating for a long time and then begin with <20KB/s immediately. This is a newly built desktop running Windows 7 x64 SP1. Realtek gigabit LAN from the motherboard (ASRock Extreme3 gen3). Problematic speed is observed on the private LAN, both through ethernet and WiFi. The Router is D-Link DIR-655. Remote Differential Compression is off. Drivers are up-to-date from ASRock's website. I have tested network file transfer to and from another Windows 7 laptop and a MacBook Pro, so I am fairly certain it is the desktop's problem. The slow speed only happens with one direction also, outbound from the desktop, regardless of whether I initiate the file transfer action from the origin or the destination. Inbound network file transfer and internet speeds are fine, so I don't think this is a hardware issue. I am getting 74.8MB/s internet upload speed from speedtest.net (http://www.speedtest.net/result/1852752479.png). Inbound network file transfer I can get around 10-15MB/s. I am hoping this community has some insight for me to troubleshoot this. I don't see anything obviously related from the Event Viewer, and beyond that I just don't know where else to look. Any suggestions are greatly appreciated, thank you in advance.

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• Defeating the RAID5 write hole with ZFS (but not RAID-Z) [closed]

  - by Michael Shick

  I'm setting up a long-term storage system for keeping personal backups and archives. I plan to have RAID5 starting with a relatively small array and adding devices over time to expand storage. I may also want to convert to RAID6 down the road when the array gets large. Linux md is a perfect fit for this use case since it allows both of the changes I want on a live array and performance isn't at all important. Low cost is also great. Now, I also want to defend against file corruption, so it looked like a RAID-Z1 would be a good fit, but evidently I would only be able to add additional RAID5 (RAID-Z1) sets at a time rather than individual drives. I want to be able to add drives one at a time, and I don't want to have to give up another device for parity with every expansion. So at this point, it looks like I'll be using a plain ZFS filesystem on top of an md RAID5 array. That brings me to my primary question: Will ZFS be able to correct or at least detect corruption resulting from the RAID5 write hole? Additionally, any other caveats or advice for such a set up is welcome. I'll probably be using Debian, but I'll definitely be using Linux since I'm familiar with it, so that means only as new a version of ZFS as is available for Linux (via ZFS-FUSE or so).

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• IPSec for LAN traffic: Basic considerations?

  - by chris_l

  This is a follow-up to my Encrypting absolutely everything... question. Important: This is not about the more usual IPSec setup, where you want to encrypt traffic between two LANs. My basic goal is to encrypt all traffic within a small company's LAN. One solution could be IPSec. I have just started to learn about IPSec, and before I decide on using it and dive in more deeply, I'd like to get an overview of how this could look like. Is there good cross-platform support? It must work on Linux, MacOS X and Windows clients, Linux servers, and it shouldn't require expensive network hardware. Can I enable IPSec for an entire machine (so there can be no other traffic incoming/outgoing), or for a network interface, or is it determined by firewall settings for individual ports/...? Can I easily ban non-IPSec IP packets? And also "Mallory's evil" IPSec traffic that is signed by some key, but not ours? My ideal conception is to make it impossible to have any such IP traffic on the LAN. For LAN-internal traffic: I would choose "ESP with authentication (no AH)", AES-256, in "Transport mode". Is this a reasonable decision? For LAN-Internet traffic: How would it work with the internet gateway? Would I use "Tunnel mode" to create an IPSec tunnel from each machine to the gateway? Or could I also use "Transport mode" to the gateway? The reason I ask is, that the gateway would have to be able to decrypt packages coming from the LAN, so it will need the keys to do that. Is that possible, if the destination address isn't the gateway's address? Or would I have to use a proxy in this case? Is there anything else I should consider? I really just need a quick overview of these things, not very detailed instructions.

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• cfengine3 file_copy only on source side change

  - by megamic

  I am using the 'digest' copy method for all file copy promises, because of the way we package and deploy software, I cant rely on mtime for the criteria for updating files. For various reasons, I am not employing the client-server approach with a central configuration server: rather we package and deploy our entire configuration module to each server, so from cf-engine's perspective, the source and target are local on the server it is running. The problem I am having with this approach is that the source will always update the target when they differ - which is what I want most of the time, usually because the source has been updated. However, like many other cfengine users, we are running an operational environment, where occasionally emergency fixes have to be applied immediately - meaning we don't have time to rebuild and redeploy a configuration module, and the fix will often be applied by deploying a tarball with specific changes. Of course this is problematic if cf-engine comes along 5 mintues later and reverts the changes. What we would like is to be able to make small, incremental changes to our servers, without them being reverted, until the next deployment cycle at which time the new source files would be copied. We do not consider random file corruption or mistaken changes to involve enough risk to warrant having cfengine constantly revert deployments to their source copy - the ability to deploy emergency fixes and have them stay that way until the next deployment would be of much greater value and utility. So, after all that, my question is this: is cf-engine capable of detecting whether it was the source or target that changed when the files differ, and if so, is their a way to use the 'digest' copy method but only if the source side changed? I am very open to other ideas and approaches as-well, as I am still quite new to this whole configuration management thing.

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• Formatting a a memory stick with two partitions?

  - by Marius

  I have a 16GB memorystick which used to have a Linux partition. It therefore has two partitions; 2GB FAT32 and 14GB linux boot drive. The linux part stopped working, so I decided to reinstall it. But windows can't see that partition. I tried formatting the whole disk, but I can only format one partition (the FAT32). There seems to be no way to combine the two partitions into one big one, and there seems to be no way for windows to partition the large part of the memorystick to but Linux on it. In the windows partition manager, windows sees the large unused partition, and it let me delete it. But once I have deleted it, I'm not allowed to format it. Also I cannot delete or resize the small partition. So, to summarize: I have a memorystick with two partitons. Windows only sees one of them, and won't let me use the other one. I would like to combine the two partitions so I can install Linux on the memory stick again.

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• What do you upgrade to make games load faster? [on hold]

  - by Superbest

  Let's say you have a relatively modern game like Shogun 2. The loading screens take several minutes. This bothers you and you'd like to improve it. What is actually going on when loading screens are up? I'm guessing assets are being loaded into memory from disk, and possibly being decompressed first. However, what is actually causing the slow down? The memory? Mainboard? CPU? HDD? If you had $100 to spend on upgrades and your only goal is to speed up loading screens without reducing other performance, what component of the computer does it make sense to upgrade for maximum benefit? If your answer is "it depends on the existing setup", what sort of benchmarks would you run to determine what is causing the bottleneck? What if you had $500 instead? I give the two budgets for context. I am not asking for actual recommendations about which component to buy (nor are the numbers supposed to be rigid limits), but what features are important when shopping for components with small and large budgets (a large budget could allow buying multiple components which are not so good on their own, but work particularly well together). I mention Shogun 2 as an example, but I'm asking about reducing overall loading times, across all games, not just one game. Therefore, "put it on a solid state disk" probably won't be good solution, because putting every game on your SDD will quickly fill it up.

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• What's the state of the art in image upscaling?

  - by monov

  I like to collect cool pics and use them as wallpapers or for other things. Often, artists publish only low-res versions, probably for fear of theft. Example: Gabriel Pulecio's BIRDS Now, if I want to use that as a wallpaper, I'd have to upscale it, and obviously that'd make it look blurry because of the bicubic interpolation. I realize there's no real way to get a high-res version from a low-res pic, because the information is not simply there. That said, I'm wondering if heuristics have been developed for upscaling with less apparent loss of quality. Those would probably be optimized for specific image types. For photorealistic pictures, for cartoons with large flat areas, for pixel art... One algorithm I'm aware of is Seam Carving. It works for some kinds of pics, especially ones with a plain, undetailed or uninteresting background, and a subject that strongly stands out. But it's far from being general-purpose. Applying it to the above pic produces this. It looks quite sharp, but the proportions are horribly distorted because the algorithm is not designed for this kind of pic. Another is Pixel art scaling algorithms. Those are completely unfit for anything other than actual pixel art that's pixelized to begin with. For example, I tried the scale2x windows binary on my pic, but its output was nearly indistinguishable from nearest-neighbour scaling because the algorithm didn't detect any isolated pixely fragments to work from. Something else I tried was: I enlarged the image in Photoshop with bicubic interpolation, then I applied unsharp mask. The result looks pretty bad. The red blotch is actually resized reasonably well, but the dove is far from it. What I'm looking for is some app that makes a best-effort attempt at upscaling any input image while minimizing blurriness. If you know of any, I'll be thankful. Note that the subjective prettiness and sharpness of the result is what matters... the result doesn't need to be completely faithful to the original small image.

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• Authenticated User Impersonation in Classic ASP under IIS7

  - by user52663

  I've recently moved one of our servers from Server 2003 and IIS6 to Server 2008 R2 and IIS7 (technically IIS7.5 I suppose). In doing so I am transitioning a small account management tool written in classic ASP and have run into a problem with user impersonation. Extensive searching hasn't been much help so far. Under IIS6, the site was configured to impersonate the logged-in user. Thus, if a domain admin logged in, he was able to run commands to create user directories, adjust permissions, etc. Using Procmon you can see the processes executing as that user. This worked fine. However, with the same code under IIS7, I am unable to get this behavior. I have enabled Basic Authentication, disabled Anonymous Auth, enabled impersonation and have changed the app pool to classic instead of integrated pipelining. Everything seems to be configured correctly, however, all the processes launched by the classic ASP site continue to run as the default AppPool identity and not the logged-in user. If it matters, programs are being launched with code such as: set Wsh = Server.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Wsh.Run("cmd.exe /C mkdir D:\users\foo") Monitoring via Procmon shows cmd.exe being run as either "Classic .NET AppPool" or "DefaultAppPool" depending on the pipeline mode. Any suggestions on how to get the classic ASP site to impersonate and execute as the authenticated user would be great. Thanks!

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