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  • What useful things can one add to one's .bashrc?

    - by gyaresu
    Is there anything that you can't live without and will make my life SO much easier? Here are some that I use ('diskspace' & 'folders' are particularly handy). # some more ls aliases alias ll='ls -alh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CFlh' alias woo='fortune' alias lsd="ls -alF | grep /$" # This is GOLD for finding out what is taking so much space on your drives! alias diskspace="du -S | sort -n -r |more" # Command line mplayer movie watching for the win. alias mp="mplayer -fs" # Show me the size (sorted) of only the folders in this directory alias folders="find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print | xargs du -sk | sort -rn" # This will keep you sane when you're about to smash the keyboard again. alias frak="fortune" # This is where you put your hand rolled scripts (remember to chmod them) PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"

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  • Default permission for newly-created files/folders using ACLs not respected by commands like "unzip"

    - by Ngoc Pham
    I am having trouble with setting up a system for multiple users accessing the same set of files. I've read tuts and docs around and played with ACLs but haven't succeeded yet. MY SCENARIO: Have multiple users, for example, user1 and user2, which is belong to a group called sharedusers. They must have all WRITE permission to a same set of files and directories, say underlying in /userdata/sharing/. I have the folder's group set to sharedusers and SGID to have all newly created files/dirs inside set to same group. ubuntu@home:/userdata$ ll drwxr-sr-x 2 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 24 03:51 sharing/ I set ACLs for this directory so I can have permission of sub dirs/files inheritted from its parents. ubuntu@home:/userdata$ setfacl -m group:sharedusers:rwx sharing/ ubuntu@home:/userdata$ setfacl -d -m group:sharedusers:rwx sharing/ Here's what I've got: ubuntu@home:/userdata$ getfacl sharing/ # file: sharing/ # owner: ubuntu # group: sharedusers # flags: -s- user::rwx group::r-x group:sharedusers:rwx mask::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:group::r-x default:group:sharedusers:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::r-x Seems okay as when I create new folder with new files inside and the permission is correct. ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ mkdir a && cd a ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing/a$ touch a_test ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing/a$ getfacl a_test # file: a_test # owner: ubuntu # group: sharedusers user::rw- group::r-x #effective:r-- group:sharedusers:rwx #effective:rw- mask::rw- other::r-- As you can see, the sharedusers group has effective permission rw-. HOWEVER, if I have a zip file, and use unzip -q command to unzip the file inside the folder sharing, the extracted folders don't have group write permisison. Therefore, the users from group sharedusers cannot modify files under those extracted folders. ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ unzip -q Joomla_3.0.2-Stable-Full_Package.zip ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ ll drwxrwsr-x+ 2 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 24 04:00 a/ drwxr-xr-x+ 10 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 7 01:52 administrator/ drwxr-xr-x+ 13 ubuntu sharedusers 4096 Nov 7 01:52 components/ You an spot the difference in permissions between folder a (created before) and folder administrator extracted by unzip. And the ACLs of a files inside administrator: ubuntu@home:/userdata/sharing$ getfacl administrator/index.php # file: administrator/index.php # owner: ubuntu # group: ubuntu user::rw- group::r-x #effective:r-- group:sharedusers:rwx #effective:r-- mask::r-- other::r-- It also has ubuntu group, not sharedusers group as expected. Could someone please explain the problem and give me advice? Thank you in advance!

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  • kill a hung mount process

    - by John P
    I have a virtual machine drive that ran out of space, so I shutdown the VM, extended the volume using lvextend. After resizing the partition (ext3), I ran e2fsck on it, and it found and corrected errors. Unfortunately, when I ran efsck one more time, there were more errors that had to be fixed. I went through 3 rounds of e2fsck before I decided to try mounting it to clean up some space manually. I tried mounting it, but the mount process hung. I tried to "kill -9" the mount process, but that did not kill it. I killed the parent process, but that did not kill it either. Any ideas on how to kill a rogue mount process? Some evidence: ps -l 13292 F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 4 R 0 13292 1 99 85 0 - 17964 - ? 11:27 mount /dev/mapper/xen7-123p3 /tmp/p3/ lsof -p 13292 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mount 13292 root cwd DIR 9,2 4096 25264129 /root mount 13292 root rtd DIR 9,2 4096 2 / mount 13292 root txt REG 9,2 61656 2916434 /bin/mount mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 144776 31457282 /lib64/ld-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 1718232 31457284 /lib64/libc-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 23360 31457291 /lib64/libdl-2.5.so mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 43808 31457783 /lib64/libblkid.so.1.0 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 247496 31457331 /lib64/libsepol.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 95464 31457337 /lib64/libselinux.so.1 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 154640 31457491 /lib64/libdevmapper.so.1.02 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 17936 31457472 /lib64/libuuid.so.1.2 mount 13292 root mem REG 9,2 56438208 12684878 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive mount 13292 root 0u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 1u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) mount 13292 root 2u CHR 136,11 0t0 13 /dev/pts/11 (deleted) umount -f /tmp/p3/ umount2: Invalid argument umount: /tmp/p3/: not mounted

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  • Reconstructing the disk order in RAID 6 with 7 disks

    - by rkotulla
    a little background to this question first: I am running a RAID-6 within a QNAP TS869L external RAID/NAS system. I started with 5 disks of 3 TB each back in the day, and later added another 2 disks of 3TB to the RAID. The QNAP internals handled the growing and re-syncing etc, and everything seemd to be perfectly fine. About 2 weeks ago, I had one of the disks (disk #5, disk #2 has gone bad in the mean time) fail, and somehow (I have no idea why), also disks 1 and 2 got kicked out of the array. I replaced disk #5, but the RAID didn't start working again. After some calls to QNAP technical support, they re-created the array (using mdadm --create --force --assume-clean ...), but the resulting array couldn't find a filesystem, and I was kindly referred to contact a data recovery company that I can't afford. After some digging through old log files, resetting the disk to factory default, etc, I found a few errors that were made during this re-create - I wish I still had some of the original metadata, but unfortunately i don't (I definitely learned that lesson). I'm currently at the point where I know the correct chunk-size (64K), metadata-version (1.0; factory default was 0.9, but from what I read 0.9 doesn't handle disks over 2 TB, mine are 3 TB), and I now find the ext4 filesystem that should be on the disks. Only variable left to determine is the right disk order! I started using the description found in answer #4 of "Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using" but am a little confused on what the order should be for a proper RAID-6. RAID-5 is pretty well documented in a number of places, but RAID-6 much less so. Also, does the layout, i.e. distribution of parity and data chunks across the disks, change after the growing of the array from 5 to 7 disks, or does the re-sync re-organize them in such a way a native 7-disk RAID-6 would have been? Thanks some more mdadm output that might be helpful: mdadm version: [~] # mdadm --version mdadm - v2.6.3 - 20th August 2007 mdadm details from one of the disks in the array: [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.0 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 1c1614a5:e3be2fbb:4af01271:947fe3aa Name : 0 Creation Time : Tue Jun 10 10:27:58 2014 Raid Level : raid6 Raid Devices : 7 Used Dev Size : 5857395112 (2793.02 GiB 2998.99 GB) Array Size : 29286975360 (13965.12 GiB 14994.93 GB) Used Size : 5857395072 (2793.02 GiB 2998.99 GB) Super Offset : 5857395368 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 7c572d8f:20c12727:7e88c888:c2c357af Update Time : Tue Jun 10 13:01:06 2014 Checksum : d275c82d - correct Events : 7036 Chunk Size : 64K Array Slot : 0 (0, 1, failed, 3, failed, 5, 6) Array State : Uu_u_uu 2 failed mdadm details for the array in the current disk-order (based on my best guess reconstructed from old log-files) [~] # mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 01.00.03 Creation Time : Tue Jun 10 10:27:58 2014 Raid Level : raid6 Array Size : 14643487680 (13965.12 GiB 14994.93 GB) Used Dev Size : 2928697536 (2793.02 GiB 2998.99 GB) Raid Devices : 7 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Jun 10 13:01:06 2014 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 5 Working Devices : 5 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Chunk Size : 64K Name : 0 UUID : 1c1614a5:e3be2fbb:4af01271:947fe3aa Events : 7036 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 0 0 4 removed 5 8 99 5 active sync /dev/sdg3 6 8 83 6 active sync /dev/sdf3 output from /proc/mdstat (md8, md9, and md13 are internally used RAIDs holding swap, etc; the one I'm after is md0) [~] # more /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md0 : active raid6 sdf3[6] sdg3[5] sdd3[3] sdb3[1] sda3[0] 14643487680 blocks super 1.0 level 6, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [7/5] [UU_U_UU] md8 : active raid1 sdg2[2](S) sdf2[3](S) sdd2[4](S) sdc2[5](S) sdb2[6](S) sda2[1] sde2[0] 530048 blocks [2/2] [UU] md13 : active raid1 sdg4[3] sdf4[4] sde4[5] sdd4[6] sdc4[2] sdb4[1] sda4[0] 458880 blocks [8/7] [UUUUUUU_] bitmap: 21/57 pages [84KB], 4KB chunk md9 : active raid1 sdg1[6] sdf1[5] sde1[4] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sda1[0] sdb1[1] 530048 blocks [8/7] [UUUUUUU_] bitmap: 37/65 pages [148KB], 4KB chunk unused devices: <none>

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  • a load balancing scenario using HAProxy and keepalived shows no performance advantage

    - by chakoshi
    Hi, I am trying to setup a load balanced web server scenario, using two HAproxy load balancers and two debian web servers following this guide http://www.howtoforge.com/setting-up-a-high-availability-load-balancer-with-haproxy-keepalived-on-debian-lenny. the setup is working but the results of simple performance benchmarking is not what I expected. I tried apache benchmark tool to send lots of requests to servers (one time directly testing one of the web servers and the other time testing through the load balancer) using the command "ab -n 1000000 -c 500 http://IP/index.html", but the test results shows better performance for the single server without load balancer. can any one tell me if I'm going wrong on some thing?

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  • tmpreaper, --protect and a non-root user

    - by nsg
    Hi, I'm a little confused. I have a download directory that I want to remove all files older then 30 days with tmpreaper. Just one problem, the directory in question is a separate partition with a lost+found directory, of course I need to keep it so I added --protect 'lost+found', the problem is that tmpreaper outputs: error: chdir() to directory 'lost+found' (inode 11) failed: Permission denied (PID 30604) Back from recursing down `lost+found'. Entry matching `--protect' pattern skipped. `lost+found' I have tried with other pattern like lost* and so on... I'm running tmpreaper as a non-root user because there is no reason for superuser privileges because I own all files (except lost+found). Are I'm forced to run tmpreaper as root? Or are my shell-skills not as good as I thought? I guess the problem is: tmpreaper will chdir(2) into each of the directories you've specified for cleanup, and check for files matching the <shell_pattern> there. It then builds a list of them, and uses that to protect them from removal. Any thought and/or advice? Edit: The command I'm trying to run is something like $ /usr/sbin/tmpreaper -t --protect 'lost+found' 30d /mydir 1> /dev/null error: chdir() to directory `lost+found' (inode 11) failed: Permission denied Edit 2: I read the source code for tmpreaper-1.6.13 and found this if (safe_chdir (dirname)) exit(1); and if (chdir (dirname)) { message (LOG_ERROR, "chdir() to directory `%s' (inode %lu) failed: %s\n", dirname, (u_long) sb1.st_ino, strerror (errno)); return 1; } So it seems tmpreaper needs to be able to chdir in to all directories, ignored or not. I see two options left Run tmpreaper as root Move the download directory Find a alternative tool (tmpwatch?) I will give it some more research before i make a choice.

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  • How to migrate KVM based VMs running in LVM setup to Vmdk images

    - by Bond
    I am using KVM on Ubuntu Server 10.04. and Virtual Machines are running on it in LVM. I have to migrate some of them to Vmware server.How can I achieve this? I searched and came across some links but they all talked converting vmdk images to qcow or so.In this case I have OS in LVM. I also looked at man page of qemu-img and as I understand it should do what I am asking in this thread. But how exactly should I proceed in this case.Since it is not a file based image (OS running in an LVM which has filesystem in that LVM). So I am not able to understand what should I be doing to achieve the same. Can I achieve the above with snapshots of LVMs rather than shutting down the VM itself.

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  • Apache availability with the two front-ends on diferent locations. Is it possible?

    - by marc.riera
    Hello, I have to locations (office and service providers). One DNS(bind) serving our domain as authoritative, and a service provider webserver with our corporate web on a private server. So.. Now we are planing to upgrade our server on the ISP to a new one, and I would like to use this situation to improve our service. Is it possible to mount a high availability apache/mysql/php within to different locations? I will install a bind slave on the same new server, so I hope it will make things easier, but I need some hints and tips on how to ride it. THanks.

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  • Server not configured error

    - by Ivan Slaughter
    I'm using Plesk 8.3 for my hosting account. Server said : Server Default page If you see this page it means: 1. hosting for this domain is not configured or 2. there's no such domain registered in Plesk What you can do: * Using Plesk, you can create domains with web hosting on a single physical server. what left on my setting?

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  • My DNS works! But, what is the simplest way to add something to it?

    - by Alex
    This is my current DNS example.com.db zone file. I followed a tutorial. It works, because when I point to this DNS from another server via resolve.conf, it will actually forward me to the right IP when I do "ping example.com". ; ; BIND data file for example.com ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA example.com. info.example.com. ( 2007011501 ; Serial 7200 ; Refresh 120 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800) ; Default TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.example.com. @ IN NS ns2.example.com. example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com. example.com. IN A 192.168.254.1 www IN CNAME example.com. mail IN A 192.168.254.1 ftp IN CNAME example.com. example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:192.168.254.1 a mx ~all" mail IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all" Right now, ping example.com....goes to 192.168.254.1. That's great!!! it works! My question is--how can I add something do this file so that when my other servers: ping dbserver1....goes to 44.245.66.222 ping cacheserver1 ....goes to 38.221.44.555 I want to use it like a universal hosts file for my machines.

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  • openldap make sure password does not contain username

    - by Ryan Horrisberger
    Is there a way using openldap to ensure that a user's password does not contain their name or their username? I know that you can use the ppolicy overlay pwdCheckModule by writing a C function to do password checking, but is this the best approach? It doesn't seem like many folks are doing password quality checking this way--the only example I've found is a github example which only does basic checking.

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  • Multiple virtual VLAN interfaces on single NIC (Debian)

    - by RayQuang
    I'm trying to setup multiple virtual interfaces with VLAN's on a single NIC. I'm running Debian Squeeze. Currently this is my /etc/netowrk/interfaces auto eth0.10 iface eth0.10 inet dhcp This gives me a working connection, however I'm not sure how to configure several like these on a single NIC so I can use multiple external IP's. I have tried aliasing the VLAN's like so: iface eth0.10:1 But that was not successful and it said failed to bring up interface. And suggestions would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • Add a trailing slash mod_rewrite

    - by Conner Stephen McCabe
    just wondering how I add a trailing slash at the end of my URL's using Mod_Rewrite? This is my .htaccess file currently: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^([^/]*)$ index.php?pageName=$1 My URL show like so: wwww.**.com/pageName I want it to show like so: wwww.**.com/pageName/ The URL is holding a GET request internally, but I want it to look like a genuine directory.

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  • Incorrect durations mp4 file created by ffmpeg (avconv)

    - by Ruslan Sharipov
    Example usage: avconv -i rtmp://maps.lo.ufanet.ru/live/10e227922b473e91f37474fa084107af -vcodec copy -an -sn -map 0 -f segment -segment_format mp4 -segment_time 60 -y %05d.mp4 avconv version 0.8.3-6:0.8.3-1+b1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jun 15 2012 13:54:35 with gcc 4.7.0 HandShake: client signature does not match! Metadata: height 480.00 remote_addr: sdp_session {sdp_session,0, {sdp_o,"-","1289703354974145","1289703354974145",inet4, "10.1.12.99"}, "Media Presentation", {inet4,"0.0.0.0"}, {0,0}, [{"control","*"},{"range","npt=0.0 start 30400239.52 timeshift_duration 319250.58 timeshift_size 120000.00 width 640.00 [flv @ 0x1d36a40] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate Input #0, flv, from 'rtmp://maps.lo.ufanet.ru/live/10e227922b473e91f37474fa084107af': Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0.0: Video: h264 (Baseline), yuvj420p, 640x480 [PAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], 1k tbr, 1k tbn, 2k tbc Output #0, segment, to '%05d.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: libx264, yuvj420p, 640x480 [PAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 1k tbn, 1k tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy) Press ctrl-c to stop encoding ^Cframe= 9566 fps= 36 q=-1.0 Lsize= -0kB time=318.25 bitrate= -0.0kbits/s video:30348kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead -100.000071% Received signal 2: terminating. Result: serafim@yard:~/video2$ ls 00000.mp4 00001.mp4 00002.mp4 00003.mp4 00004.mp4 00005.mp4 Now try to play the files in the player, such as VLC. And that's what we get: the first fragment (00000.mp4) played well, no problems, but the second (00001.mp4 and beyond) starts the bug manifests itself, namely the file 00001.mp4 first 60 seconds black screen, but since 61 seconds starts playing the video. Attachments: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/760901/rtmp_and_mp4.zip How to get rid of the delay with black screen at the beginning of the segments? Maybe ffmpeg to pass parameters, or third-party software is able to correct the obtained segments mp4?

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  • mount fstab partition with public access

    - by Mikhail
    How do I specify that an fstab mount-point should be public? I want /mnt/windows to be accessible to normal users. I believe I am using ntfs-3g. If I set the /mnt/windows to 777 will it be publicly accessible without changing the permissions on the NTFS disk? /dev/sdb4 /mnt/windows ntfs noatime 0 1 /dev/sdb5 / ext4 noatime 0 1 UUID=5AA4-168D /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 and localhost my_computer # stat /mnt/windows/ File: '/mnt/windows/' Size: 12288 Blocks: 24 IO Block: 512 directory Device: 814h/2068d Inode: 5 Links: 1 Access: (0700/drwx------) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2014-08-21 18:29:13.597722200 -0500 Modify: 2014-08-21 18:29:13.597722200 -0500 Change: 2014-08-21 18:29:13.597722200 -0500 Birth: -

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  • Openbox fails on login

    - by Sam
    X throws this error: Xsession: unable to launch "/usr/share/xsessions/openbox.xsession" Xsession --- "/usr/share/xsessions/openbox.xsession" not found; Falling back to default session. But a trip to the Command line reveals: sam@Aristotle:/usr/share/xsessions$ ls ... -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 164 2011-05-22 12:27 openbox.xsession ... I am using Ubuntu 12.04, openbox 3.5.0, and X.Org X Server 1.10.4

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  • Alternative to the tee command whitout STDOUT

    - by aef
    I'm using | sudo tee FILENAME to be able to write or append to a file for which superuser permissions are required quite often. Although I understand why it is helpful in some situation, that tee also sends its input to STDOUT again, I never ever actually used that part of tee for anything useful. In most situations, this feature only causes my screen to be filled with unwanted jitter, if I don't go the extra step and manually silence it with tee 1> /dev/null. My question: Is there is a command arround, which does exactly the same thing as tee, but does by default not output anything to STDOUT?

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  • How can I prevent firefox from using bitmap fonts at certain zoom levels?

    - by Ryan Thompson
    In firefox 3.6 on Ubuntu 9.10, certain sites seem to use bitmap fonts for any fixed-width fonts, but only at specific zoom levels. This site and other stackexchange sites are among the affected sites, and of course the default zoom level is affected. At unaffected zoom levels, I get the expected smooth curvy fonts. How can I make firefox use the nice curvy smooth fonts at all zoom levels?

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  • killing all instances of chrome on the command line?

    - by Fedor
    In some cases killing a single tab/process doesn't do it and I need to close Chrome entirely. Since Chrome has multiple processes, how can I close all of them at once? I know that... pgrep chrome returns all the pids, can someone tell me a trick that would allow me to close all of them by feeding them to another command or merging them to a csv or something?

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  • How to write image of a floppy disk to a flash drive?

    - by Usman Ajmal
    I have created an image of a floppy disk by executing: dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/home/myFloppy.img My floppy disk is no more working now. So I am thinking now if it's possible to write the image of that floppy to a flash drive and then i may boot my machine from the flash drive. My machine's BIOS has the option of 'Boot from USB'.

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  • How to add delay in autologin

    - by raj
    I enabled autologin in my system (CentOS 6.2) for that I edited this file /etc/gdm/custom.conf In that I entered this code [daemon] AutomaticLoginEnable=true AutomaticLogin=test Here test means one account name, for that account autologin is working but the problem is not possible to logout. That is because everytime while I logout it will go to gdm(graphical display manager) and there it Again checks for account test. It is available right so it will again login to same account. Here I want add delay, that means it should wait for sometime, If no one login to any other account, then only test account will log. how to add delay?

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