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  • class header+ implementation

    - by igor
    what am I doing wrong here? I keep on getting a compilation error when I try to run this in codelab (turings craft) Instructions: Write the implementation (.cpp file) of the GasTank class of the previous exercise. The full specification of the class is: A data member named amount of type double. A constructor that no parameters. The constructor initializes the data member amount to 0. A function named addGas that accepts a parameter of type double . The value of the amount instance variable is increased by the value of the parameter. A function named useGas that accepts a parameter of type double . The value of the amount data member is decreased by the value of the parameter. A function named getGasLevel that accepts no parameters. getGasLevel returns the value of the amount data member. class GasTank{ double amount; GasTank(); void addGas(double); void useGas(double); double getGasLevel();}; GasTank::GasTank(){ amount=0;} double GasTank::addGas(double a){ amount+=a;} double GasTank::useGas(double a){ amount+=a;} double GasTank::getGasLevel(){ return amount;}

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  • How to initialize audio with Vala/SDL

    - by ioev
    I've been trying to figure this out for a few hours now. In order to start up the audio, I need to create an SDL.AudioSpec object and pass it to SDL.Audio.Open. The problem is, AudioSpec is a class with a private constructor, so when I try to create one I get: sdl.vala:18.25-18.43: error: `SDL.AudioSpec' does not have a default constructor AudioSpec audiospec = new SDL.AudioSpec(); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ And if I try to just assign values to it's member vars like a struct (it's a struct in normal sdl) I get: sdl.vala:20.3-20.25: error: use of possibly unassigned local variable `audiospec' audiospec.freq = 22050; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I found the valac doc here: http://valadoc.org/sdl/SDL.AudioSpec.html But it isn't much help at all. The offending code block looks like this: // setup the audio configuration AudioSpec audiospec; AudioSpec specback; audiospec.freq = 22050; audiospec.format = SDL.AudioFormat.S16LSB; audiospec.channels = 2; audiospec.samples = 512; // try to initialize sound with these values if (SDL.Audio.open(audiospec, specback) < 0) { stdout.printf("ERROR! Check audio settings!\n"); return 1; } Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • XSLT - How to select top a to top b

    - by user812241
    how can I extract the first 2 C-Values ('Baby' and 'Cola') where B is 'RED'. Input instance is: <Root> <A> <B>BLACK</B> <C>Apple</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Baby</C> </A> <A> <B>GREEN</B> <C>Sun</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Cola</C> </A> <A> <B>RED</B> <C>Mobile</C> </A> </Root> Output instance must be: <Root> <D>Baby</D> <D>Cola</D> </Root> I thought about the combination of for-each and global variables. But in XSLT it is not possible to change the value for a global variable to break the for-each. I have no idea anymore.

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  • Why doesn't 'Q' unify in this PROLOG program

    - by inspectorG4dget
    Hello SO, I am writing a PROLOG program in which the variable of interest (Q) refuses to unify. I have gotten around this with a hacky solution (include a write statement). But there has to be a way to make this unify, but for the love of me, I am not able to figure it out. I'd really appreciate any help. Thanks in advance. Here is my code (I have annotated wherever I have excluded code for brevity) :- use_module(library(bounds)). :- use_module(library(lists)). solve([17],Q,_,_,_):- write(Q). %this is the hacky workaround solve(L,Q,1,3,2) :- jump(L,Q,N,1,3,2,R), solve(N,R,S,D,M), member([S|[D|[M|[]]]],[[1, 3, 2], [1, 9, 4], [2, 10, 5] this list contains 76 items - all of which are lists of length 3. I have omitted them here for the sake of brevity]). % there are about 75 other definitions for solve, all of which are structured exactly the same. The only difference is that the numbers in the input parameters will be different in each definition jump(L,Q,N,S,D,M,R):- member(S,L), not(member(D,L)), member(M,L), delete(L,S,X), delete(X,M,Y), append(Y,[D],N), append(Q,[[S,D]],R). cross_sol(Q) :- solve([5,9,10,11,17,24],[],S,D,M), member([S,D,M], [ I have edited out this list here for the sake of brevity. It is the same list found in the definition of solve ]). For some reason, Q does not unify. Please help!

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  • C# parameters by reference and .net garbage collection

    - by Yarko
    I have been trying to figure out the intricacies of the .NET garbage collection system and I have a question related to C# reference parameters. If I understand correctly, variables defined in a method are stored on the stack and are not affected by garbage collection. So, in this example: public class Test { public Test() { } public int DoIt() { int t = 7; Increment(ref t); return t; } private int Increment(ref int p) { p++; } } the return value of DoIt() will be 8. Since the location of t is on the stack, then that memory cannot be garbage collected or compacted and the reference variable in Increment() will always point to the proper contents of t. However, suppose we have: public class Test { private int t = 7; public Test() { } public int DoIt() { Increment(ref t); return t; } private int Increment(ref int p) { p++; } } Now, t is stored on the heap as it is a value of a specific instance of my class. Isn't this possibly a problem if I pass this value as a reference parameter? If I pass t as a reference parameter, p will point to the current location of t. However, if the garbage collector moves this object during a compact, won't that mess up the reference to t in Increment()? Or does the garbage collector update even references created by passing reference parameters? Do I have to worry about this at all? The only mention of worrying about memory being compacted on MSDN (that I can find) is in relation to passing managed references to unmanaged code. Hopefully that's because I don't have to worry about any managed references in managed code. :)

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  • PHP Redirection with Post Parameters

    - by arik-so
    Hello, I have a webpage. This webpage redirects the user to another webpage, more or less the following way: <form method="post" action="anotherpage.php" id="myform"> <?php foreach($_GET as $key => $value){ echo "<input type='hidden' name='{$key}' value='{$value}' />"; } ?> </form> <script> document.getElementById('myform').submit(); </script> Well, you see, what I do is transferring the GET params into POST params. Do not tell me it is bad, I know that myself, and it is not exactly what I really do, what is important is that I collect data from an array and try submitting it to another page via POST. But if the user has JavaScript turned off, it won't work. What I need to know: Is there a way to transfer POST parameters by means of PHP so the redirection can be done the PHP way (header('Location: anotherpage.php');), too? It is very important for me to pass the params via POST. I cannot use the $_SESSION variable because the webpage is on another domain, thus, the $_SESSION variables differ. Anyway, I simply need a way to transfer POST variables with PHP ^^ Thanks in advance!

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  • How to extract part of the path and the ending file name with Regex?

    - by brasofilo
    I need to build an associative array with the plugin name and the language file it uses in the following sequence: /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/adminimize/languages/adminimize-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/audio-tube/lang/atp-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/languages/en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/languages/en_US.mo Those are the language files WordPress is loading. They are all inside /wp-content/, but with variable server paths. I'm looking only for those inside the plugins folder, grab the plugin folder name and the filename. Hipothetical case in PHP, where reg_extract_* functions are the parts I'm missing: $plugins = array(); foreach( $big_array as $item ) { $folder = reg_extract_folder( $item ); if( 'plugin' == $folder ) { // "folder-name-after-plugins-folder" $plugin_name = reg_extract_pname( $item ); // "ending-mo-file.mo" $file_name = reg_extract_fname( $item ); $plugins[] = array( 'name' => $plugin_name, 'file' => $file_name ); } } [update] Ok, so I was missing quite a basic function, pathinfo... :/ No problem to detect if /plugins/ is contained in the array. But what about the plugin folder name?

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  • jquery google visual api graph's data rows does not work.

    - by marharépa
    Hi! I'd like to use google drawVisualization API. Example: var data = new google.visualization.DataTable(); data.addColumn('string'); data.addColumn('number'); data.addRows([ ['a', 14], ['b', 47], ['c', 80], ['d', 55], ['e', 16], ['f', 90], ['g', 29], ['h', 23], ['i', 58], ['j', 48] ]); My version gets elements by an other google api, and join them, and after place the variable between ([ and ]), to be like in the example. var outputGraph = []; for (var i = 0, entry; entry = entries[i]; ++i) { var asd = [ entry.getValueOf('ga:pageTitle'), entry.getValueOf('ga:pageviews') ].join("',"); outputGraph.push(" ['" + asd + "]"); //get the 2 elements and join them to be like ['asd', 2], } // this is fine, the outputgraph is like ['asd', 2], ['asd', 2], ['asd', 2] as seen in the example var outputGraphFine = ("(["+outputGraph+"])"); // i suggest this is which fails the script. var data = new google.visualization.DataTable(); data.addColumn('string', 'Task'); data.addColumn('number', 'Hours per Day'); data.addRows = outputGraphFine; But it doesn't work. Why?

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  • Why does one of these statements compile in Scala but not the other?

    - by Jeff
    (Note: I'm using Scala 2.7.7 here, not 2.8). I'm doing something pretty simple -- creating a map based on the values in a simple, 2-column CSV file -- and I've completed it easily enough, but I'm perplexed at why my first attempt didn't compile. Here's the code: // Returns Iterator[String] private def getLines = Source.fromFile(csvFilePath).getLines // This doesn't compile: def mapping: Map[String,String] = { Map(getLines map { line: String => val pairArr = line.split(",") pairArr(0) -> pairArr(1).trim() }.toList:_*) } // This DOES compile def mapping: Map[String,String] = { def strPair(line: String): (String,String) = { val pairArr = line.split(",") pairArr(0) -> pairArr(1).trim() } Map(getLines.map( strPair(_) ).toList:_*) } The compiler error is CsvReader.scala:16: error: value toList is not a member of (St ring) = (java.lang.String, java.lang.String) [scalac] possible cause: maybe a semicolon is missing before `value toList'? [scalac] }.toList:_*) [scalac] ^ [scalac] one error found So what gives? They seem like they should be equivalent to me, apart from the explicit function definition (vs. anonymous in the nonworking example) and () vs. {}. If I replace the curly braces with parentheses in the nonworking example, the error is "';' expected, but 'val' found." But if I remove the local variable definition and split the string twice AND use parens instead of curly braces, it compiles. Can someone explain this difference to me, preferably with a link to Scala docs explaining the difference between parens and curly braces when used to surround method arguments?

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  • Applying policy based design question

    - by Arthur
    I've not read the Modern C++ Design book but have found the idea of behavior injection through templates interesting. I am now trying to apply it myself. I have a class that has a logger that I thought could be injected as a policy. The logger has a log() method which takes an std::string or std::wstring depending on its policy: // basic_logger.hpp template<class String> class basic_logger { public: typedef String string_type; void log(const string_type & s) { ... } }; typedef basic_logger<std::string> logger; typedef basic_logger<std::wstring> wlogger; // reader.hpp template<class Logger = logger> class reader { public: typedef Logger logger_type; void read() { _logger.log("Reading..."); } private: logger_type _logger; }; Now the questing is, should the reader take a Logger as an argument, like above, or should it take a String and then instantiate a basic_logger as an instance variable? Like so: template<class String> class reader { public: typedef String string_type; typedef basic_logger<string_type> logger_type; // ... private: logger_type _logger; }; What is the right way to go?

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  • Assistance with Lua functions

    - by Josh
    As noted before, I'm relatively new to lua, but again, I learn quick. The last time I got help here, it helped me immensely, and I was able to write a better script. Now I've come to another question that I think will make my life a bit easier. I have no clue what I'm doing with functions, but I'm hoping there is a way to do what I want to do here. Below, you'll see an example of code I have to do to strip down some unneeded elements. Yeah, I realize it's not efficient in the least, so if anyone else has a better idea of how to make it much more efficient, I'm all ears. What I would like to do is create a function with it so that I can strip down whatever variable with a simple call of it (like stripdown(winds)). I appreciate any help that is offered, and any lessons given. Thanks! winds = string.gsub(winds,"%b<>","") winds = string.gsub(winds,"%c"," ") winds = string.gsub(winds," "," ") winds = string.gsub(winds," "," ") winds = string.gsub(winds,"^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1)") winds = string.gsub(winds,"&nbsp;","") winds = string.gsub(winds,"/ ", "(") Josh

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  • Generic Singleton Façade design pattern

    - by Paul
    Hi I try write singleton façade pattern with generics. I have one problem, how can I call method from generic variable. Something like this: T1 t1 = new T1(); //call method from t1 t1.Method(); In method SingletonFasadeMethod I have compile error: Error 1 'T1' does not contain a definition for 'Method' and no extension method 'Method' accepting a first argument of type 'T1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Any advace? Thank, I am beginner in C#. All code is here: namespace GenericSingletonFasade { public interface IMyInterface { string Method(); } internal class ClassA : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodA "; } } internal class ClassB : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodB "; } } internal class ClassC : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodC"; } } internal class ClassD : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodD"; } } public class SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> where T1 : class,new() where T2 : class,new() where T3 : class,new() { private static T1 t1; private static T2 t2; private static T3 t3; private SingletonFasade() { t1 = new T1(); t2 = new T2(); t3 = new T3(); } class SingletonCreator { static SingletonCreator() { } internal static readonly SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> uniqueInstace = new SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3>(); } public static SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> UniqueInstace { get { return SingletonCreator.uniqueInstace; } } public string SingletonFasadeMethod() { //Problem is here return t1.Method() + t2.Method() + t3.Method(); } } } I use this for my problem. public class SingletonFasade<T1, T2, T3> where T1 : class, IMyInterface, new() where T2 : class, IMyInterface, new() where T3 : class, IMyInterface, new() {//...} Is any solution without Interfaces ??

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  • Common lisp, CFFI, and instantiating c structs

    - by andrew
    Hi, I've been on google for about, oh, 3 hours looking for a solution to this "problem." I'm trying to figure out how to instantiate a C structure in lisp using CFFI. I have a struct in c: struct cpVect{cpFloat x,y;} Simple right? I have auto-generated CFFI bindings (swig, I think) to this struct: (cffi:defcstruct #.(chipmunk-lispify "cpVect" 'classname) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "x" 'slotname) :double) (#.(chipmunk-lispify "y" 'slotname) :double)) This generates a struct "VECT" with slots :X and :Y, which foreign-slot-names confirms (please note that I neither generated the bindings or programmed the C library (chipmunk physics), but the actual functions are being called from lisp just fine). I've searched far and wide, and maybe I've seen it 100 times and glossed over it, but I cannot figure out how to create a instance of cpVect in lisp to use in other functions. Note the function: cpShape *cpPolyShapeNew(cpBody *body, int numVerts, cpVect *verts, cpVect offset) Takes not only a cpVect, but also a pointer to a set of cpVects, which brings me to my second question: how do I create a pointer to a set of structs? I've been to http://common-lisp.net/project/cffi/manual/html_node/defcstruct.html and tried the code, but get "Error: Unbound variable: PTR" (I'm in Clozure CL), not to mention that looks to only return a pointer, not an instance. I'm new to lisp, been going pretty strong so far, but this is the first real problem I've hit that I can't figure out. Thanks!

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  • Getting base address of a process

    - by yoni0505
    I'm trying to make a program that read the timer value from Minesweeper. (OS is windows 7 64bit) Using cheat engine I found the base address of the variable, but it changes every time I run Minesweeper. What do I need to do to find out the base address automatically? Does it have something to do with the executable base address? Here's my code: #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { DWORD baseAddress = 0xFF1DAA38;//always changing DWORD offset1 = 0x18; DWORD offset2 = 0x20; DWORD pAddress1; DWORD pAddress2; float value = 0; DWORD pid; HWND hwnd; hwnd = FindWindow(NULL,"Minesweeper"); if(!hwnd)//didn't find the window { cout <<"Window not found!\n"; cin.get(); } else { GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd,&pid); HANDLE phandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_VM_READ,0,pid);//get permission to read if(!phandle)//failed to get permission { cout <<"Could not get handle!\n"; cin.get(); } else { ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(baseAddress),&pAddress1,sizeof(pAddress1),0); ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(pAddress1 + offset1),&pAddress2,sizeof(pAddress2),0); while(1) { ReadProcessMemory(phandle,(void*)(pAddress2 + offset2),&value,sizeof(value),0); cout << value << "\n"; Sleep(1000); } } } }

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  • Passing PHP variables trough functions?

    - by Mateus Nunes
    I'm facing some troubles to pass php variables value trough functions,every time i try to use a variable inside one of my functions its value becomes nil,let me be more specific.I have the following code in my php file: $myvar = $Session['username']; function updateuserinformation(){ if(trim($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]) != ""){ $images = $_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"]; $new_images = "thumbnails_".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]; copy($_FILES["fileUpload"]["tmp_name"],"Photos/".$_FILES["fileUpload"]["name"]); $width=200; //*** Fix Width & Heigh (Autu caculate) ***// $size=GetimageSize($images); $height=round($width*$size[1]/$size[0]); $images_orig = ImageCreateFromJPEG($images); $photoX = ImagesX($images_orig); $photoY = ImagesY($images_orig); $images_fin = ImageCreateTrueColor($width, $height); ImageCopyResampled($images_fin, $images_orig, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width+1, $height+1, $photoX, $photoY); ImageJPEG($images_fin,"Photos/".$new_images); ImageDestroy($images_orig); ImageDestroy($images_fin); print $data["foo"]; echo"$myvar"; mysql_query("UPDATE users SET userpictureaddress = 'http://www.litsdevelopment.com/litsapplication/userimages/MATEUS' WHERE username = 'Mateus' "); } } I trying to use the $myvar value in my function but every time i run the code it just doesn't work,i've already tried global,globals,arrays and session for nothing worked.Of corse i'm making a little mistake in some part of it,but anyone know what is the correct way to do this?

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  • What happened to the .NET version definition with v4.0?

    - by Tom Tresansky
    I'm building a C# class library, and using the beta 2 of Visual Web Developer/Visual C# 2010. I'm trying to save information about what version of .NET the library was built under. In the past, I was able to use this: // What version of .net was it built under? #if NET_1_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 1.0"; #elif NET_1_1 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 1.1"; #elif NET_2_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 2.0"; #elif NET_3_5 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 3.5"; #else public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET version unknown"; #endif So I figured I could just add: #elif NET_4_0 public const string NETFrameworkVersion = ".NET 4.0"; Now, in Project-Properties, my target Framework is ".NET Framework 4". If I check: Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().ImageRuntimeVersion I can see my runtime version is v4.0.21006 (so I know I have .NET 4.0 installed on my CPU). I naturally expect to see that my NETFrameworkVersion variable holds ".NET 4.0". It does not. It holds ".NET version unknown". So my question is, why is NET_4_0 not defined? Did the naming convention change? Is there some simple other way to determine .NET framework build version in versions 3.5?

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  • Some Async Socket Code - Help with Garbage Collection?

    - by divinci
    Hi all, I think this question is really about my understanding of Garbage collection and variable references. But I will go ahead and throw out some code for you to look at. // Please note do not use this code for async sockets, just to highlight my question // SocketTransport // This is a simple wrapper class that is used as the 'state' object // when performing Async Socket Reads/Writes public class SocketTransport { public Socket Socket; public byte[] Buffer; public SocketTransport(Socket socket, byte[] buffer) { this.Socket = socket; this.Buffer = buffer; } } // Entry point - creates a SocketTransport, then passes it as the state // object when Asyncly reading from the socket. public void ReadOne(Socket socket) { SocketTransport socketTransport_One = new SocketTransport(socket, new byte[10]); socketTransport_One.Socket.BeginRecieve ( socketTransport_One.Buffer, // Buffer to store data 0, // Buffer offset 10, // Read Length SocketFlags.None // SocketFlags new AsyncCallback(OnReadOne), // Callback when BeginRead completes socketTransport_One // 'state' object to pass to Callback. ); } public void OnReadOne(IAsyncResult ar) { SocketTransport socketTransport_One = ar.asyncState as SocketTransport; ProcessReadOneBuffer(socketTransport_One.Buffer); // Do processing // New Read // Create another! SocketTransport (what happens to first one?) SocketTransport socketTransport_Two = new SocketTransport(socket, new byte[10]); socketTransport_Two.Socket.BeginRecieve ( socketTransport_One.Buffer, 0, 10, SocketFlags.None new AsyncCallback(OnReadTwo), socketTransport_Two ); } public void OnReadTwo(IAsyncResult ar) { SocketTransport socketTransport_Two = ar.asyncState as SocketTransport; .............. So my question is: The first SocketTransport to be created (socketTransport_One) has a strong reference to a Socket object (lets call is ~SocketA~). Once the async read is completed, a new SocketTransport object is created (socketTransport_Two) also with a strong reference to ~SocketA~. Q1. Will socketTransport_One be collected by the garbage collector when method OnReadOne exits? Even though it still contains a strong reference to ~SocketA~ Thanks all!

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  • Can you catch exceeded allocated memory error before it kills the script?

    - by kristovaher
    The thing is that I want to catch memory problems before they happen. I have a system that gets rows from database and casts the returned associative array to a variable, but I never know what the size of the database result is is or how much memory it will take once the database request is made. This means that my software can fail simply because memory is exceeded. But I want to avoid that somehow. One of the ways is to obviously make database requests that are smaller, but what if this is not possible or what if I do not know the size of data that is returned from database? Is it possible to 'catch' situations where memory use is exceeded in PHP? Something like this: $requestOk=memory_test(function(){ return doSomething(); }); if($requestOk){ // Memory seems fine // $requestOk now has the value from memory_test() function } else { // Function would have exceeded memory } I just find it problematic that my script can just die at any moment because of memory issues. From what I know, try-catch cannot be used here because it is a fatal error. Any help would be appreciated!

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  • What is the cleanest way to use anonymous functions?

    - by Fletcher Moore
    I've started to use Javascript a lot more, and as a result I am writing things complex enough that organization is becoming a concern. However, this question applies to any language that allows you to nest functions. Essentially, when should you use an anonymous function over a named global or inner function? At first I thought it was the coolest feature ever, but I think I am going overboard. Here's an example I wrote recently, ommiting all the variable delcarations and conditionals so that you can see the structure. function printStream() { return fold(function (elem, acc) { ... var comments = (function () { return fold(function (comment, out) { ... return out + ...; }, '', elem.comments); return acc + ... + comments; }, '', data.stream); } I realized though (I think) there's some kind of beauty in being so compact, it is probably isn't a good idea to do this in the same way you wouldn't want a ton of code in a double for loop.

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  • How to customize data points on a Flex graph?

    - by Jess
    I have an area graph and I'm looking to have the data points to be shown. I have a CircleItemRenderer, but this shows all of the datapoints in the default stroke and fill. 1) How do I customize the display of my CircleItemRenderer? (instead of it having an orange fill, how can I change the color? 2) How can I decide to show the node for specific data points but not for others? For example, in my .XML file that imports the data for the graph, I may have a variable show_data_point which is true or false. Here's the current code I have: <mx:AreaSeries yField="numbers" form="segment" displayName="area graph" areaStroke = "{darkblue}" areaFill="{blue}" > <mx:itemRenderer> <mx:Component> <mx:CircleItemRenderer/> </mx:Component> </mx:itemRenderer> </mx:AreaSeries> </mx:series> Thanks a lot for your help!

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  • Delphi Performance: Case Versus If

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    I guess there might be some overlapping with previous SO questions, but I could not find a Delphi-specific question on this topic. Suppose that you want to check if an unsigned 32-bit integer variable "MyAction" is equal to any of the constants ACTION1, ACTION2, ... ACTIONn, where n is - say 1000. I guess that, besides being more elegant, case MyAction of ACTION1: {code}; ACTION2: {code}; ... ACTIONn: {code}; end; if much faster than if MyAction = ACTION1 then // code else if MyAction = ACTION2 then // code ... else if MyAction = ACTIONn then // code; I guess that the if variant takes time O(n) to complete (i.e. to find the right action) if the right action ACTIONi has a high value of i, whereas the case variant takes a lot less time (O(1)?). Am I correct that switch is much faster? Am I correct that the time required to find the right action in the switch case actually is independent of n? I.e. is it true that it does not really take any longer to check a million cases than to check 10 cases? How, exactly, does this work?

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  • Problems Using memset and memcpy

    - by user306557
    So I am trying to create a Memory Management System. In order to do this I have a set amount of space (allocated by malloc) and then I have a function myMalloc which will essentially return a pointer to the space allocated. Since we will then try and free it, we are trying to set a header of the allocated space to be the size of the allocated space, using memset. memset(memPtr,sizeBytes,sizeof(int)); We then need to be able to read this so we can see the size of it. We are attempting to do this by using memcpy and getting the first sizeof(int) bytes into a variable. For testing purposes we are just trying to do memset and then immediately get the size back. I've included the entire method below so that you can see all declarations. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks! void* FirstFit::memMalloc(int sizeBytes){ node* listPtr = freelist; void* memPtr; // Cycle through each node in freelist while(listPtr != NULL) { if(listPtr->size >= sizeBytes) { // We found our space // This is where the new memory allocation begins memPtr = listPtr->head; memset(memPtr,sizeBytes,sizeof(int)); void *size; memcpy(size, memPtr, sizeof(memPtr)); // Now let's shrink freelist listPtr->size = listPtr->size - sizeBytes; int *temp = (int*)listPtr->head + (sizeBytes*sizeof(int)); listPtr->head = (int*) temp; return memPtr; } listPtr = listPtr->next; }

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  • Does Perl auto-vivify variables used as references in subroutine calls?

    - by FM
    I've declared 2010 to be the year of higher-order programming, so I'm learning Haskell. The introduction has a slick quick-sort demo, and I thought, "Hey, that's easy to do in Perl". It turned to be easier than I expected. Note that I don't have to worry about whether my partitions ($less and $more) are defined. Normally you can't use an undefined value as an array reference. use strict; use warnings; use List::MoreUtils qw(part); my @data = (5,6,7,4,2,9,10,9,5,1); my @sorted = qsort(@data); print "@sorted\n"; sub qsort { return unless @_; my $pivot = shift @_; my ($less, $more) = part { $_ < $pivot ? 0 : 1 } @_; # Works, even though $less and $more are sometimes undefined. return qsort(@$less), $pivot, qsort(@$more); } As best I can tell, Perl will auto-vivify a variable that you try to use as a reference -- but only if you are passing it to a subroutine. For example, my call to foo() works, but not the attempted print. use Data::Dumper qw(Dumper); sub foo { print "Running foo(@_)\n" } my ($x); print Dumper($x); # Fatal: Can't use an undefined value as an ARRAY reference. # print @$x, "\n"; # But this works. foo(@$x); # Auto-vivification: $x is now []. print Dumper($x); My questions: Am I understanding this behavior correctly? What is the explanation or reasoning behind why Perl does this? Is this behavior explained anywhere in the docs?

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  • setting default value of superglobal

    - by Prasoon Saurav
    I have been working on a Timesheet Management website. I have my home page as index.php //index.php <?php session_start(); if($_SESSION['logged']=='set') { $x=$_SESSION['username']; echo '<div align="right">'; echo 'Welcome ' .$x.'<br/>'; echo'<a href="logout.php" class="links">&nbsp;<b><u>Logout</u></b></a>' ; } else if($_SESSION['logged']='unset') { echo'<form id="searchform" method="post" action="processing.php"> <div> <div align="right"> Username&nbsp;<input type="text" name="username" id="s" size="15" value="" /> &nbsp;Password&nbsp;<input type="password" name="pass" id="s" size="15" value="" /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit" /> </div> <br /> </div> </form> '; } ?> The problem I am facing is that during the first run of this script I get an error Notice: Undefined index: logged in C:\wamp\www\ps\index.php but after refreshing the page the error vanishes. How can I correct this problem? logged is a variable which helps determine whether the user is logged in or not. When the user is logged in $_SESSION['logged'] is set, otherwise unset. I want the default value of $_SESSION['logged'] to be unset prior to the execution of the script. How can I solve this problem?

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  • With NHibernate and Transaction do I rollback on commit failure or does it auto rollback on single c

    - by mattcodes
    I've built the following Dispose method for my Unit Of Work which essentially wraps the active NH session & transaction (transaction set as variable after opening session as to not be replaced if NH session gets new transaction after error) public void Dispose() { Func<ITransaction,bool> transactionStateOkayFunc = trans => trans != null && trans.IsActive && !trans.WasRolledBack; try { if(transactionStateOkayFunc(this.transaction)) { if (HasErrored) { transaction.Rollback(); } else { try { transaction.Commit(); } catch (Exception) { if(transactionStateOkayFunc(transaction)) transaction.Rollback(); throw; } } } } finally { if(transaction != null) transaction.Dispose(); if(session.IsOpen) session.Close(); } I can't help feeling that code is a little bloated, will a transaction automatically rollback is a discrete Commit fails in the case of non-nested transactions? Will Commit or Rollback automatically Dipose the transaction? If not will Session.Close() automatically dispose the associated transaction?

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