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  • What is Ruby's double-colon (::) all about?

    - by Meltemi
    I'd probably be able to answer this for myself if "::" wasn't so hard to Google. Didn't see anything on SO so thought I'd try my luck. What is this double-colon :: all about? I see it everywhere in Rails: class User < ActiveRecord::Base or… ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map| I found a definition from this guy: The :: is a unary operator that allows: constants, instance methods and class methods defined within a class or module, to be accessed from anywhere outside the class or module. but that just leads to more questions. What good is scope (private, protected) if you can just use :: to expose anything?

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  • Effective Data Validation

    - by John Conde
    What's an effective way to handle data validation, say, from a form submission? Originally I had a bunch of if statements that checked each value and collected invalid values in an array for later retrieval (and listing). // Store errors here $errors = array(); // Hypothetical check if a string is alphanumeric if (!preg_match('/^[a-z\d]+$/i', $fieldvalue)) { $errors[$fieldname] = 'Please only use letters and numbers for your street address'; } // etc... What I did next was create a class that handles various data validation scenarios and store the results in an internal array. After data validation was complete I would check to see if any errors occurred and handle accordingly: class Validation { private $errorList = array(); public function isAlphaNumeric($string, $field, $msg = '') { if (!preg_match('/^[a-z\d]+$/i', $string)) { $this->errorList[$field] = $msg; } } // more methods here public function creditCard($cardNumber, $field, $msg = '') { // Validate credit card number } // more methods here public function hasErrors() { return count($this->errorList); } } /* Client code */ $validate = new Validation(); $validate->isAlphaNumeric($fieldvalue1, $fieldname1, 'Please only use letters and numbers for your street address'); $validate->creditCard($fieldvalue2, $fieldname2, 'Please enter a valid credit card number'); if ($validate->hasErrors()) { // Handle as appropriate } Naturally it didn't take long before this class became bloated with the virtually unlimited types of data to be validated. What I'm doing now is using decorators to separate the different types of data into their own classes and call them only when needed leaving generic validations (i.e. isAlphaNumeric()) in the base class: class Validation { private $errorList = array(); public function isAlphaNumeric($string, $field, $msg = '') { if (!preg_match('/^[a-z\d]+$/i', $string)) { $this->errorList[$field] = $msg; } } // more generic methods here public function setError($field, $msg = '') { $this->errorList[$field] = $msg; } public function hasErrors() { return count($this->errorList); } } class ValidationCreditCard { protected $validate; public function __construct(Validation $validate) { $this->validate = $validate; } public function creditCard($cardNumber, $field, $msg = '') { // Do validation // ... // if there is an error $this->validate->setError($field, $msg); } // more methods here } /* Client code */ $validate = new Validation(); $validate->isAlphaNumeric($fieldvalue, $fieldname, 'Please only use letters and numbers for your street address'); $validateCC = new ValidationCreditCard($validate); $validateCC->creditCard($fieldvalue2, $fieldname2, 'Please enter a valid credit card number'); if ($validate->hasErrors()) { // Handle as appropriate } Am I on the right track? Or did I just complicate data validation more then I needed to?

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  • How to limit setAccessible to only "legitimate" uses?

    - by polygenelubricants
    The more I learned about the power of setAccessible, the more astonished I am at what it can do. This is adapted from my answer to the question (Using reflection to change static final File.separatorChar for unit testing). import java.lang.reflect.*; public class EverythingIsTrue { static void setFinalStatic(Field field, Object newValue) throws Exception { field.setAccessible(true); Field modifiersField = Field.class.getDeclaredField("modifiers"); modifiersField.setAccessible(true); modifiersField.setInt(field, field.getModifiers() & ~Modifier.FINAL); field.set(null, newValue); } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { setFinalStatic(Boolean.class.getField("FALSE"), true); System.out.format("Everything is %s", false); // "Everything is true" } } You can do truly outrageous stuff: public class UltimateAnswerToEverything { static Integer[] ultimateAnswer() { Integer[] ret = new Integer[256]; java.util.Arrays.fill(ret, 42); return ret; } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { EverythingIsTrue.setFinalStatic( Class.forName("java.lang.Integer$IntegerCache") .getDeclaredField("cache"), ultimateAnswer() ); System.out.format("6 * 9 = %d", 6 * 9); // "6 * 9 = 42" } } Presumably the API designers realize how abusable setAccessible can be, but must have conceded that it has legitimate uses to provide it. So my questions are: What are the truly legitimate uses for setAccessible? Could Java has been designed as to NOT have this need in the first place? What would the negative consequences (if any) of such design be? Can you restrict setAccessible to legitimate uses only? Is it only through SecurityManager? How does it work? Whitelist/blacklist, granularity, etc? Is it common to have to configure it in your applications?

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  • How can one describe a rock-paper-scissors relationship between 3 items?

    - by Madara Uchiha
    Let's say I have the following structure: abstract class Hand {} class Rock extends Hand {} class Paper extends Hand {} class Scissors extends Hand {} The goal is to make a function (or a method) Hand::compareHands(Hand $hand1, Hand $hand2), which would return the winning hand in a rock-paper-scissors match. That would be very easy with a bunch of ifs, but the point is to have a more robust structure, that's relying on polymorphism rather than on procedural code. P.S. this is done in actual production code, if someone is asking. This isn't some sort of challenge or homework. (It's not really rock-paper-scissors, but you get the point).

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  • Questions about use lib for perl

    - by Tyug
    I use use lib "./DIR" to grab a library from a folder elsewhere. However, it doesn't seem to work on my server, but it works fine on my local desktop. Any particular reasons? And one more question, does use lib get propagated within several modules? Two situations: Say I make a base class that requires a few libraries, but I know that it needs to be extended and the extended class will need to use another library. Can I put the use lib command in the base class? or will I need to put it in every extending class? Finally, can I just have a use package where package contains a bunch of use lib, will it propagate the use lib statements over to my current module? <-- I don't think so, but asking anyways Thanks in advance! Tyug

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  • How to set order of appearance for fields when using Html.EditorFor in MVC 2?

    - by Anrie
    I have the following classes in my Model: public abstract class Entity : IEntity { [ScaffoldColumn(false)] public int Id { get; set; } [Required,StringLength(500)] public string Name { get; set; } } and public class Model : SortableEntity { [Required] public ModelType Type { get; set; } [ListRequired] public List<Producer> Producers { get; set; } public List<PrintArea> PrintAreas { get; set; } public List<Color> Colors { get; set; } } To display the "Model" class in the view I simply call Html.EditorFor(model=model), but the "Name" property of the base class is rendered last, which is not the desired behaviour. Is it possible to influenece on the order of displayed fields somehow?

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  • Loading Java applet from WEB-INF/classes by JSP

    - by Bruce
    Hi guys, Ive got a problem with loading an applet from WEB-INF/classes directory. The main class of an applet (MainApplet.class) is there in the package aaa, but when loading I got the exception java.lang.ClassNotFoundException. Where am I wrong? My jsp is in Web Pages dir. < jsp:plugin type="applet" code="aaa/MainApplet.class" jreversion="1.6" width="700" height="500" Thanks in advance for the reply!

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  • How can I configure different worker pools using celery?

    - by Chris R
    I need to deploy a queued execution service with (generally) the following three classes of worker: A periodic, low-priority job class that takes a long time and can be processed serially; these jobs should only use 0..2 workers in the system at most. A periodic, deadline-sensitive job class that take a short to medium amount of time (say, topping out at 5 minutes) An ad-hoc job class, that is higher priority than #1, but can interleave with #2. Any workers from class #2 that are inactive when this type of job comes in should handle it, without ever starving the pool of workers for #2 All three job classes are the same task, the only difference between them is how they're requested; they'll take the same input and generate the same output, but each one has different performance guarantees. How can I implement this using celery?

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  • How can I "override" deepcopy in Python?

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'd like to override __deepcopy__ for a given SQLAlchemy-mapped class such that it ignores any SQLA attributes but deepcopies everything else that's part of the class. I'm not particularly familiar with overriding any of Python's built-in objects in particular but I've got some idea as to what I want. Let's just make a very simple class User that's mapped using SQLA. class User(object): def __init__(self, user_id, name): self.user_id = user_id self.name = name I've used dir() to see, before and after mapping, what SQLAlchemy-specific attributes there are and I've found _sa_class_manager and _sa_instance_state. Provided those are the only ones how would I ignore that when defining __deepcopy__? Also, are there any attributes the SQLA injects into the mapped object? (I asked this in a previous question (as an edit a few days after I selected an answer to the main question, though) but I think I missed the train there. Apologies for that.)

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  • ExceptionHandling with Spring 3

    - by mjf
    I have this controller: @RequestMapping(value = "*.xls", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String excel(Model model) { return "excel"; The excel wiew opens actually a ExcelViewer, which is build in method protected void buildExcelDocument(Map<String, Object> map, WritableWorkbook ww, HttpServletRequest hsr, HttpServletResponse hsr1) throws Exception { Class.writecontent Class.writeMoreContent Called methods write content to the Excel sheet and they can throw e.g biffException. How can I show a certain error page when Exception is occured? I tried this @Controller public class ExcelController { @ExceptionHandler(BiffException.class) public String handleException(BiffException ex) { return "fail"; } @RequestMapping(value = "*.xls", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String excel(Model model) { return "excel"; } } But I'm getting the server's error message about Exceptions. Maybe a bean definition missing?

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  • Can I make PDOStatement->fetchObject not use non-member variables?

    - by threendib
    Lets say I have a class like this: Class User { var $id var $name; } And I run a query using PDO in php like so: $stm = $db->prepare('select * from users where id = :id'); $r = $stm->execute(array(':id' => $id)); $user = $r->fetchObject('User'); If I vardump my user object it has all kinds of other fields in it that I have not defined in the User class. Obviously I could make my query specific so that it only gives me back the fields I need/want. But if I don't want to do that is there any way to make this work the way I want it to? I like the idea of fetchObject, because it's one line of code to create this object and set member variables for me. I just don't want it to set variables I haven't defined in my class.

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  • The Java interface doesn't declare any exception. How to manage checked exception of the implementat

    - by Frór
    Let's say I have the following Java interface that I may not modify: public interface MyInterface { public void doSomething(); } And now the class implementing it is like this: class MyImplementation implements MyInterface { public void doSomething() { try { // read file } catch (IOException e) { // what to do? } } } I can't recover from not reading the file. A subclass of RuntimeException can clearly help me, but I'm not sure if it's the right thing to do: the problem is that that exception would then not be documented in the class and a user of the class would possibly get that exception an know nothing about solving this. What can I do?

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  • ASP.NET MVC ActionLink in jquery-tmpl template

    - by Justin
    I have a jquery-tmpl defined: <script id="postTemplate" type="text/x-jquery-tmpl"> <div class="div-msg-actions-inner"> @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", "Post", new { postId = "${PostId}" }, new { @class = "button" }) @Html.ActionLink("Reply", "Reply", "Post", new { topicId = "${TopicId}" }, new { @class = "button" }) </div> </script> The action link results in the "$" being encoded into "%24". Is there a way around this so the ID in my action link will get replaced correctly?

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  • Simple html page using Bootstrap

    - by Athashri
    I am writing a simple HTML page using the Twitter Bootstrap. But the navbar and links are rendered as normal HTML on the browser. I have referred to multiple sites but the same steps are given everywhere. I am not sure where I am going wrong. Code: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel= "stylesheet" href= "css/bootstrap.css" type="text/css"> <title> Bootstrap example</title> </head> <body> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <div class ="container"> <h1><a href="#">Bootstrap Site</a></h1> <div class="navbar"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">Projects</a></li> <li><a href="#">Services</a></li> <li><a href="#">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

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  • VS2010 final does only link project on "rebuild all", not on "build changed"

    - by Sam
    I've just migrated a solution containing c++ and c# projects from VS2008 to VS2010 and got a strange problem. When I select "rebuild all", everything compiles and links as I would expect it to do. Then I change some c++ source file (just add a space), build the project, I get several thousands of linking errors like these: GDlgPackerListe.obj : error LNK2028: Nicht aufgelöstes Token (0A0000C7) ""public: bool __thiscall LList::Add(class LBString const &)" (?Add@LList@@$$FQAE_NABVLBString@@@Z)", auf das in Funktion ""public: virtual void __thiscall LRcPackerListe::HookRunReport(class LFortschritt &)" (?HookRunReport@LRcPackerListe@@$$FUAEXAAVLFortschritt@@@Z)" verwiesen wird. Db_Lieferschein2.obj : error LNK2020: Nicht aufgelöstes Token (0A0000E6) "public: bool __thiscall LList::Add(class LBString const &)" (?Add@LList@@$$FQAE_NABVLBString@@@Z). bmed.obj : error LNK2028: Nicht aufgelöstes Token (0A00014D) ""public: bool __thiscall LList::Add(class LBString const &)" (?Add@LList@@$$FQAE_NABVLBString@@@Z)", auf das in Funktion ""public: virtual long __thiscall MENUKB::Methode(long,long)" (?Methode@MENUKB@@$$FUAEJJJ@Z)" verwiesen wird. GDlgPackerListe.obj : error LNK2028: Nicht aufgelöstes Token (0A0000C9) ""public: void __thiscall LList::Sort(void)" (?Sort@LList@@$$FQAEXXZ)", auf das in Funktion ""public: virtual void __thiscall LRcPackerListe::HookRunReport(class LFortschritt &)" (?HookRunReport@LRcPackerListe@@$$FUAEXAAVLFortschritt@@@Z)" verwiesen wird. Dlg_Gutschrift.obj : error LNK2020: Nicht aufgelöstes Token (0A000128) "public: virtual __thiscall LBaseType::~LBaseType(void)" (??1LBaseType@@$$FUAE@XZ). Module_Damals.lib(svSuchAltLink.obj) : error LNK2001: Nicht aufgelöstes externes Symbol ""public: __thiscall SView::SView(void)" (??0SView@@QAE@XZ)". Module_Damals.lib(svShowEMF.obj) : error LNK2001: Nicht aufgelöstes externes Symbol ""public: virtual void __thiscall SView::HookValueChanged(unsigned __int64)" (?HookValueChanged@SView@@UAEX_K@Z)". When I hit "rebuild all" it recompiles and links without any errors or even warnings and produces a working exe. I'm using Visual Studio 2010 final (german edition). Whats going on here? Or, more important: how do I get the linker to work correctly??

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  • Is there a g++ equivalent to Visual Studio's __declspec(novtable)?

    - by ceretullis
    Is there a g++ equivalent to Visual Studio's __declspec(novtable) argument? Basically, in a pure virtual base class the __declspec(novtable) argument can be used to suppress the creation of a vtable for the base class as well as vtable initialization/deinitialization code in the contstructor/destructor respectively. E.g., class __declspec(novtable) PureVirtualBaseClass { public: PureVirtualBaseClass(){} virtual ~PureVirtualBaseClass() = 0; }; See Paul DiLascia's article for more info. Also see my related question.

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  • SQLCe local db in temp- path in connectionstring?

    - by Petr
    Hi, I have SQL Ce db in my app, which is included in my app directory. While debugging its OK, but when published and run with setup.exe, it retrieves "file not found" in temporary directory the app is ran from. I would like to run from standard location, but I dont know how to change it. I am using this string: SqlCeConnection connection = new SqlCeConnection("Data Source=database.sdf;Persist Security Info=False;"); When I run setup.exe, the app never starts, stating that in its temporary directory the db file was not found. When I run app.exe, it works. I do not understand it...:( EDIT: I can see that in the VS project settings, there is connection string and there is "Data Source=|DataDirectory|\Database.sdf" The path should be something like local directory? Thanks!

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  • PHP Value Object auto create

    - by JonoB
    Assume that I have a class value object defined in php, where each variable in the class is defined. Something like: class UserVO { public $id; public $name; } I now have a function in another class, which is expecting an array ($data). function save_user($data) { //run code to save the user } How do I tell php that the $data parameter should be typed as a UserVO? I could then have code completion to do something like: $something = $data->id; //typed as UserVO.id $else = $data->name; //typed as UserVO.name I'm guessing something like the following, but this obviously doesnt work $my_var = $data as new userVO();

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  • NHibernate: How is identity Id updated when saving a transient instance?

    - by bretddog
    If I use session-per-transaction and call: session.SaveOrUpdate(entity) corrected: session.SaveOrUpdateCopy(entity) ..and entity is a transient instance with identity-Id=0. Shall the above line automatically update the Id of the entity, and make the instance persistent? Or should it do so on transaction.Commit? Or do I have to somehow code that explicitly? Obviously the Id of the database row (new, since transient) is autogenerated and saved as some number, but I'm talking about the actual parameter instance here. Which is the business logic instance. EDIT Mappings: public class StoreMap : ClassMap<Store> { public StoreMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.Name); HasMany(x => x.Staff) // 1:m .Cascade.All(); HasManyToMany(x => x.Products) // m:m .Cascade.All() .Table("StoreProduct"); } } public class EmployeeMap : ClassMap<Employee> { public EmployeeMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.FirstName); Map(x => x.LastName); References(x => x.Store); // m:1 } } public class ProductMap : ClassMap<Product> { public ProductMap() { Id(x => x.Id).GeneratedBy.Identity(); Map(x => x.Name).Length(20); Map(x => x.Price).CustomSqlType("decimal").Precision(9).Scale(2); HasManyToMany(x => x.StoresStockedIn) .Cascade.All() .Inverse() .Table("StoreProduct"); } } EDIT2 Class definitions: public class Store { public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public IList<Product> Products { get; set; } public IList<Employee> Staff { get; set; } public Store() { Products = new List<Product>(); Staff = new List<Employee>(); } // AddProduct & AddEmployee is required. "NH needs you to set both sides before // it will save correctly" public void AddProduct(Product product) { product.StoresStockedIn.Add(this); Products.Add(product); } public void AddEmployee(Employee employee) { employee.Store = this; Staff.Add(employee); } } public class Employee { public int Id { get; private set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public Store Store { get; set; } } public class Product { public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public IList<Store> StoresStockedIn { get; private set; } }

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  • creating new instance fails PHP

    - by as3isolib
    I am relatively new to PHP and having some decent success however I am running into this issue: If I try to create a new instance of the class GenericEntryVO, I get a 500 error with little to no helpful error information. However, if I use a generic object as the result, I get no errors. I'd like to be able to cast this object as a GenericEntryVO as I am using AMFPHP to communicate serialize data with a Flex client. I've read a few different ways to create constructors in PHP but the typical 'public function Foo()' for a class Foo was recommended for PHP 5.4.4 //in my EntryService.php class public function getEntryByID($id) { $link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "root", "BabyTrackingAppDB"); if (mysqli_connect_errno()) { printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error()); exit(); } $query = "SELECT * FROM Entries WHERE id = '$id' LIMIT 1"; if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) { // $entry = new GenericEntryVO(); this is where the problem lies! while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) { $entry->id = $row[0]; $entry->entryType = $row[1]; $entry->title = $row[2]; $entry->description = $row[3]; $entry->value = $row[4]; $entry->created = $row[5]; $entry->updated = $row[6]; } } mysqli_free_result($result); mysqli_close($link); return $entry; } //my GenericEntryVO.php class <?php class GenericEntryVO { public function __construct() { } public $id; public $title; public $entryType; public $description; public $value; public $created; public $updated; // public $properties; } ?>

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  • Mapping over multiple Seq in Scala

    - by bsdfish
    Suppose I have val foo : Seq[Double] = ... val bar : Seq[Double] = ... and I wish to produce a seq where the baz(i) = foo(i) + bar(i). One way I can think of to do this is val baz : Seq[Double] = (foo.toList zip bar.toList) map ((f: Double, b : Double) => f+b) However, this feels both ugly and inefficient -- I have to convert both seqs to lists (which explodes with lazy lists), create this temporary list of tuples, only to map over it and let it be GCed. Maybe streams solve the lazy problem, but in any case, this feels like unnecessarily ugly. In lisp, the map function would map over multiple sequences. I would write (mapcar (lambda (f b) (+ f b)) foo bar) And no temporary lists would get created anywhere. Is there a map-over-multiple-lists function in Scala, or is zip combined with destructuring really the 'right' way to do this?

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  • Java: using generic wildcards with subclassing

    - by gibberish
    Say I have a class Foo, a class A and some subclass B of A. Foo accepts A and its sublclasses as the generic type. A and B both require a Foo instance in their constructor. I want A's Foo to be of type A , and B's Foo to be of type B or a superclass of B. So in effect, So I only want this: Foo<X> bar = new Foo<X>; new B(bar); to be possible if X is either A, B, or a both subclass of A and superclass of B. So far this is what I have: class Foo<? extends A>{ //construct } class A(Foo<A> bar){ //construct } class B(Foo<? super B> bar){ super(bar); //construct } The call to super(...) doesn't work, because <A> is stricter than <? super B>. Is it somehow possible to use the constructor (or avoid code duplication by another means) while enforcing these types? Edit: Foo keeps a collection of elements of the generic parameter type, and these elements and Foo have a bidirectional link. It should therefore not be possible to link an A to a Foo.

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  • Circular reference problem Singleton

    - by Ismail
    I'm trying to creating a Singleton class like below where MyRepository lies in separate DAL project. It's causing me a circular reference problem because GetMySingleTon() method returns MySingleTon class and needs its access. Same way I need MyRepository access in constructor of MySingleTon class. public class MySingleTon { static MySingleTon() { if (Instance == null) { MyRepository rep = new MyRepository(); Instance = rep.GetMySingleTon(); } } public static MySingleTon Instance { get; private set; } public string prop1 { get; set; } public string prop2 { get; set; } }

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  • Appropriate uses of Monad `fail` vs. MonadPlus `mzero`

    - by jberryman
    This is a question that has come up several times for me in the design code, especially libraries. There seems to be some interest in it so I thought it might make a good community wiki. The fail method in Monad is considered by some to be a wart; a somewhat arbitrary addition to the class that does not come from the original category theory. But of course in the current state of things, many Monad types have logical and useful fail instances. The MonadPlus class is a sub-class of Monad that provides an mzero method which logically encapsulates the idea of failure in a monad. So a library designer who wants to write some monadic code that does some sort of failure handling can choose to make his code use the fail method in Monad or restrict his code to the MonadPlus class, just so that he can feel good about using mzero, even though he doesn't care about the monoidal combining mplus operation at all. Some discussions on this subject are in this wiki page about proposals to reform the MonadPlus class. So I guess I have one specific question: What monad instances, if any, have a natural fail method, but cannot be instances of MonadPlus because they have no logical implementation for mplus? But I'm mostly interested in a discussion about this subject. Thanks! EDIT: One final thought occured to me. I recently learned (even though it's right there in the docs for fail) that monadic "do" notation is desugared in such a way that pattern match failures, as in (x:xs) <- return [] call the monad's fail. It seems like the language designers must have been strongly influenced by the prospect of some automatic failure handling built in to haskell's syntax in their inclusion of fail in Monad.

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