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  • How to generate new CSRs for TLS use in sendmail?

    - by Mikey B
    SendMail 8.13.8 | CentOS 5.x Hi Guys, I'm using ca-signed TLS certificates on my sendmail server and they are up for renewal soon. Our new CA doesn't like our old CSR so I need to generate a new CSR. Can someone point me to the procedure for doing this (without affecting the production certs that are already in use)? I'm paranoid of overwriting the old TLS certs in the process of generating a CSR. Most of the instructions I've found are for implementing self-signed TLS certs -- which isn't an option for me at this time. I'm thinking it would something like: openssl req -new -nodes -out new-tls.csr -keyout new-tls-private.key But I wasn't sure if I was missing some options there such as the -x509 option... -M

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  • Software RAID 1 broken, how do I fix this?

    - by Edward
    I'm running CentOS 6 x86_64. There is a software RAID 1 being used on the two internal 80GB drives. I got the following e-mail sent to me: A DegradedArray event had been detected on md device /dev/md1. Faithfully yours, etc. P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following: Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 511988 blocks super 1.0 [2/1] [U_] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] 8190968 blocks super 1.1 [2/1] [U_] bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk md4 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdb1[1] 1953512400 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md3 : active raid1 sdd5[1] sda5[0] 61224892 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk md2 : active raid1 sdd3[1] sda3[0] 8190968 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> The system appears to have booted fine and is working. The two drives' content did not change at all. I only removed and reinstalled them while I was booted on the CentOS Live DVD. How do I get the array working again?

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  • Will deleting partitions affect my hard drive in any way?

    - by Portali5t
    I installed a Suse partition of around 200 Gigabytes on my hard drive, primarily running Windows 7. I am sick of Suse's crap, and just want to get rid of the OS and get that partition back for Windows' use. Is it as simple as that partition gets deleted,and I can choose what partition that space goes to, or is it communal that all partitions can access? I know next to nothing about partitions, so any help would be great. Also, if someone knows HOW to delete partitions, that would be a great help too. Thanks!

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  • RHEL 5.3 Kickstart - How specify location of individual package in Workstation folder?

    - by Ed
    I keep getting "package does not exist" errors during the install. I made a kickstart ISO to create an unattended install of a RHEL 5.3 build machine for C++ software releases. It pulls the kickstart config file from our internal web server. This is handy; it makes it easy to test and modify without having to make a new ISO. And I plan to check it in to version control if I can get it working. Anyway, the rpm packages are located in two folders on the disk; Client and Workstation. The packages install fine for the ones that are physically located under the Client folder. It cannot find those under the Workstation folder such as as doxygen and subversion complaining that packages do not exist. Is there a way to specify the individual package location? # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # P A C K A G E S # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- %packages @gnome-desktop @core @base @base-x @printing @development-tools emacs kexec-tools fipscheck xorg-x11-server-Xnest xorg-x11-server-Xvfb #Packages Located in Workstation Folder *** Install can not find any of these ?? bison doxygen gcc-c++ subversion zlib-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel Thanks in advance, -Ed

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  • OpenVPN + iptables / NAT routing

    - by Mikeage
    Hi, I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN VPN, which will carry some (but not all) traffic from the clients to the internet via the OpenVPN server. My OpenVPN server has a public IP on eth0, and is using tap0 to create a local network, 192.168.2.x. I have a client which connects from local IP 192.168.1.101 and gets VPN IP 192.168.2.3. On the server, I ran: iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On the client, the default remains to route via 192.168.1.1. In order to point it to 192.168.2.1 for HTTP, I ran ip rule add fwmark 0x50 table 200 ip route add table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -j MARK -p tcp --dport 80 --set-mark 80 Now, if I try accessing a website on the client (say, wget google.com), it just hangs there. On the server, I can see $ sudo tcpdump -n -i tap0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 05:39:07.928358 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 558838 0,nop,wscale 5> 05:39:10.751921 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 559588 0,nop,wscale 5> Where 74.125.67.100 is the IP it gets for google.com . Why isn't the MASQUERADE working? More precisely, I see that the source showing up as 192.168.1.101 -- shouldn't there be something to indicate that it came from the VPN? Edit: Some routes [from the client] $ ip route show table main 192.168.2.0/24 dev tap0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.4 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static $ ip route show table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 dev tap0

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  • Locale misconfig. Debian

    - by JakeTheFish
    perl -e 'print "Hello\n";' perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = "en_US.UTF-8" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). Hello I'v tried to do export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 export LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8 And it workis, till I log out. Is there any permanent solution?

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  • rsync --link-dest behaviour when run as sudo

    - by fotNelton
    In order to create regular backups, I'm using rsync together with --link-dest so as to create hard-links for unchanged files. For example: rsync -ax \ --partial --delete --delete-excluded --inplace \ --exclude-from=/tmp/temp_excludes \ --link-dest=/Volumes/Backup/current \ /Users /Volumes/Backup/2012-06-25 This works very well as long as I start the process from my normal user account. Though as soon as I start the process using sudo it behaves erradically, meaning that rsync copies all the unchanged files instead of hard-linking them. Since sudo modifies the environment, I've already also tried sudo -E in conjunction with making sure that my sudoers file has the corresponding option set. Well, that didn't work either. So, the question is, how can I run rsync using sudo? Whereas the above example only shows a backup of the Users directory, I also need to backup some system files that I can only access as root.

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  • VirtualBox to use dual monitors

    - by fnord_ix
    I am am running Kubuntu Hardy Heron, with a dual monitor setup, and have VirtualBox on it running Windows XP in seamless mode. My problem is, I can't get virtualbox to extend to the second monitor. Has anyone been able to achieve this or know if it can be achieved?

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  • Physical Debian to VMWare: vmware-converter, dd-image or otherwise?

    - by Dabu
    we have two debian Lenny production machines, both running larger commercial websites. Now these machines need to be moved, and in the process, they need to be virtualized to VMWare ESX. If you believe the internet information, there are several ways to accomplish this. The easiest for us would be to use our weekly dd backup where the whole disk, however, I have no experience with this kind of technology and if it is really possible. The second best way would be via an application on the source machine virtualizing it and generating an ESX compatible VM. However, the software is beta and unsupported, and after installation, nothing really works (the /etc/init.d/vmware-converter script doesn't actually do anything, start and stop reply with success messages, yet ps shows that there are no new processes). The worst way with the most work would be to install a new machine and set it up manually, copying files and databases as needed. This part is clear in it's execution, and my question(s) do not touch this. Is my 1st way possible? Has anyone done this yet, or better, has a page with instructions? Or is there a help page that explains how to correctly install, run and use the vmware-converter tool using a Debian installation (it's possible that I dod something wrong during installation already)? Thank you.

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  • SVN - Server sent unexpected return value (500 Internal Server Error)

    - by person
    I'm using RabbitVCS to work with Google Code, and I just recently started having problems with trying to commit. Whenever I try to commit, it says... Commit failed Server sent unexpected return value (500 Internal Server Error) in response to Checkout request for (some file that is involved in the commit. The file it fails on isn't consistent). I have no idea what is wrong, any help is appreciated, thanks.

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  • KVM-Guest does not boot: qemudParsePCIDeviceStrs

    - by markus
    I have a Server running Ubuntu 10.10 Server-Edition kvm, and libvirt (both ubuntu-native packages) HDD-Partitioning was done with LVM. Then I created some VMs with Virt-Manager and assigned LVM-Volumes to the VMs. Now the VMs do not boot. Virt-Manager shows a CPU-Usage of 100% for this Guest and the VNC-Connection states Booting from Hard Disk The VM-specific logfiles do not show any abnormality only syslog shows a warning warning : qemudParsePCIDeviceStrs:1422 : Unexpected exit status '1', qemu probably failed What can I do to find the error?

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  • In Ubuntu I make changes to php.ini but nothing happens

    - by MrAn3
    Hi, Apache with php works well, but none of the changes I make in php.ini have effect, I've even delete all the contents of the file, then restart Apache, and run phpinfo() and surprisingly everything continues working well. The file I'm editing is the one that appears in the phpinfo() like "Loaded Configuration File". (/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini) P.S. I'm running Ubuntu 9.04 and PHP 5.2 Thanks in advance. More Details: I'm restarting with sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart, I've also tried sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop, and then start, at restarting I get: Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName ... waiting apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName [ OK ] "which php" did not produce any results. My installation of PHP was done using Synaptic Package Manger, choosing "Mark Packages by task" and then LAMP server. I don't have any clue of what to do...

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  • What does *:* in netstat output stands for?

    - by chello
    While executing the command /usr/sbin/lsof -l -i -P -n under root user, I am getting this output. COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME ... httpd 9164 70 3u IPv4 0x2f70270 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9010 (LISTEN) httpd 9164 70 4u IPv6 0x25af4bc 0t0 TCP *:80 (LISTEN) httpd 9164 70 5u IPv4 0x3149e64 0t0 TCP *:* (CLOSED) httpd 9180 70 3u IPv4 0x2f70270 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9010 (LISTEN) httpd 9180 70 4u IPv6 0x25af4bc 0t0 TCP *:80 (LISTEN) httpd 9180 70 5u IPv4 0x3149e64 0t0 TCP *:* (CLOSED) Please let me know what does *:* stands for? I am interested to know both the ipaddress and port fields. Also what does (CLOSED) mean here?

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  • mount qcow2 snapshots

    - by phhe
    I'm running some Xen-servers and started migrating to KVM. Currently my guests are either running on raw-images or LVMs. I found libvirt providing some very nice snapshot features (virsh snapshot-create, ...) so I decided to use qcow2 instead of raw/lvm. And here is my question: libvirt creates the same sort of snapshots on the qcow2 image as if I use qemu-img - is it possible to mount them ? I read something about qemu-nbd and the possibility of mounting qcow but I could not find a word about snapshots.

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  • How to Exclude an URL for Apache Mod_proxy?

    - by Mughil
    We have two Apache server as front-end and 4 tomcat server as back-end configured using mod_proxy module as load balancer. Now, we want to exclude an single tomcat url from the mod_proxy load balancer. Is there any way or rule to exclude? Proxy Balancer Setting: <Proxy balancer://backend-cluster1> BalancerMember http://10.0.0.1:8080 loadfactor=1 route=test1 retry=10 BalancerMember http://10.0.0.2:8080 loadfactor=1 route=test2 retry=10 </Proxy>

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  • How can I change the flow through this PAM (programmable authentication module) file?

    - by Jamie
    I'd like the PAM module to skip the pam_mount.so line when a unix login succeeds. I've tried various things including: auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_winbind.so krb5_auth krb5_ccache_type=FILE cached_login try_first_pass auth requisite pam_deny.so auth requisite pam_permit.so auth required pam_permit.so auth optional pam_mount.so But can't get it to work. Conversely, when a session shuts down, how can I modify the following os that an unmount command (via pam_mount.so) is avoided during a unix login? session [default=1] pam_permit.so session requisite pam_deny.so session required pam_permit.so session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_winbind.so session optional pam_mount.so

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  • In Bash, how can I obtain the directory path from the previous command's last argument

    - by Beaming Mel-Bin
    I frequently have to do this. For example: $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo $ vim /etc/pam.d/sudo-i $ cd /etc/pam.d/ # Figure I should just go to the directory Now, is there a way I could obtain the directory of the last argument when it's a file path? I'm asking this cause I recently became aware of the $_ variable that has become useful. Was wondering if there's some other commandline fu that might come in handy.

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  • Understanding ulimit -u

    - by tripleee
    I'd like to understand what's going on here. linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo nst ) nst linvx$ ( ulimit -u 122; /bin/echo nst ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one; /bin/echo two; /bin/echo three ) one two three linvx$ ( ulimit -u 123; /bin/echo one & /bin/echo two & /bin/echo three ) -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable Terminated one I speculate that the first 122 processes are consumed by Bash itself, and that the remaining ulimit governs how many concurrent processes I am allowed to have. The documentation is not very clear on this. Am I missing something? More importantly, for a real-world deployment, how can I know what sort of ulimit is realistic? It's a long-running daemon which spawns worker threads on demand, and reaps them when the load decreases. I've had it spin the server to its death a few times. The most important limit is probably memory, which I have now limited to 200M per process, but I'd like to figure out how I can enforce a limit on the number of children (the program does allow me to configure a maximum, but how do I know there are no bugs in that part of the code?)

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  • Securing debain with fail2ban or iptables

    - by Jimmy
    I'm looking to secure my server. Initially my first thought was to use iptables but then I also learnt about Fail2ban. I understand that Fail2ban is based on iptables, but it has the advantages of being able to ban IP's after a number of attempts. Let's say I want to block FTP completely: Should I write a separate IPtable rule to block FTP, and use Fail2ban just for SSH Or instead simply put all rules, even the FTP blocking rule within the Fail2Ban config Any help on this would be appreciated. James

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  • How to write rules for persistent net names?

    - by ndemou
    I know that a process generates persistent network card names based on rules found in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules. I also know how to completely disable this process with a simple echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules but I've read that I "could also write my own rules file to give the interface a name — the persistent rules generator ignores the interface if a name has already been set" (/etc/udev/rules.d/README confirms that this is possible). Do you have any pointers to documentation about how to write such rules? (I mostly care about Debian/Ubuntu and a bit less for CentOS) As a specific example of why I want to write custom rules: I have two identical servers with one onboard LAN and one PCI LAN. In case of HW failure I want to be able to move disks from HW#1 to HW#2 and it's important for eth0 to continue pointing to the onboard card and eth1 to the PCI card (no one wants to mess with cabling in the middle of a HW failure panic). My current workaround works but is a lot of work[1] so I wonder if writing custom rules would allow me to express something simple like this: cards with MAC A or B should be named eth0 cards with MAC C or D should be named eth1 follow default naming scheme for anything else [1] install the OS in HW#1 and keep a copy of /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. Move the disks to HW#2 and keep a second copy of the same file. Concatenate the two copies and manually edit the NAME="ethX" part. Replace /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with my version. Finally disable auto-creation of a new 70-persistent-net.rules using echo '#' > /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules

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  • Compiz: Switching focus by application instead of by window

    - by Ivan Vucica
    I got used to OS X way of doing things (separate shortcuts for switching between applications and switching between current application's windows). Is there a way to get Compiz to have a shortcut (such as Super+Tab) to switch between applications ("window groups") instead of between windows? I already got the "Scale" plugin (an expose clone) to display only windows from current window group, proving there is a way to group by application, but I cannot find a way to get the "Application Switcher" to switch between these groups instead of between windows themselves.

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