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  • How to optimize this script

    - by marks34
    I have written the following script. It opens a file, reads each line from it splitting by new line character and deleting first character in line. If line exists it's being added to array. Next each element of array is splitted by whitespace, sorted alphabetically and joined again. Every line is printed because script is fired from console and writes everything to file using standard output. I'd like to optimize this code to be more pythonic. Any ideas ? import sys def main(): filename = sys.argv[1] file = open(filename) arr = [] for line in file: line = line[1:].replace("\n", "") if line: arr.append(line) for line in arr: lines = line.split(" ") lines.sort(key=str.lower) line = ''.join(lines) print line if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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  • how to get all 'username' from my model 'MyUser' on google-app-engine ..

    - by zjm1126
    my model is : class MyUser(db.Model): user = db.UserProperty() password = db.StringProperty(default=UNUSABLE_PASSWORD) email = db.StringProperty() nickname = db.StringProperty(indexed=False) and my method which want to get all username is : s=[] a=MyUser.all().fetch(10000) for i in a: s.append(i.username) and the error is : AttributeError: 'MyUser' object has no attribute 'username' so how can i get all 'username', which is the simplest way . thanks

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  • Counter variable for class

    - by George
    I am having problem getting this piece of code to run. The class is Student which has a IdCounter, and it is where the problem seems to be. (at line 8) class Student: def __init__(self): # Each student get their own student ID idCounter = 0 self.gpa = 0 self.record = {} # Each time I create a new student, the idCounter increment idCounter += 1 self.name = 'Student {0}'.format(Student.idCounter) classRoster = [] # List of students for number in range(25): newStudent = Student() classRoster.append(newStudent) print(newStudent.name) I am trying to have this idCounter inside my Student class, so I can have it as part of the student's name (which is really an ID#, for example Student 12345. But I have been getting error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 13, in <module> newStudent = Student() File "/Users/yanwchan/Documents/test.py", line 8, in __init__ idCounter += 1 UnboundLocalError: local variable 'idCounter' referenced before assignment I tried to put the idCounter += 1 in before, after, all combination, but I am still getting the referenced before assignment error, can you explain to me what I am doing wrong? Thank you Edit: Provided the full code I have

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  • Increment number in string

    - by iform
    Hi, I am stumped... I am trying to get the following output until a certain condition is met. test_1.jpg test_2.jpg .. test_50.jpg The solution (if you could remotely call it that) that I have is fileCount = 0 while (os.path.exists(dstPath)): fileCount += 1 parts = os.path.splitext(dstPath) dstPath = "%s_%d%s" % (parts[0], fileCount, parts[1]) however...this produces the following output. test_1.jpg test_1_2.jpg test_1_2_3.jpg .....etc The Question: How do I get change the number in its current place (without appending numbers to the end)? Ps. I'm using this for a file renaming tool.

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  • How do I most efficienty check the unique elements in a list?

    - by alex
    let's say I have a list li = [{'q':'apple','code':'2B'}, {'q':'orange','code':'2A'}, {'q':'plum','code':'2A'}] What is the most efficient way to return the count of unique "codes" in this list? In this case, the unique codes is 2, because only 2B and 2A are unique. I could put everything in a list and compare, but is this really efficient?

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  • wav file manupalation

    - by kaushik
    I want get the details of the wave such as its frames into a array of integers. Using fname.getframes we can ge the properties of the frame and save in list or anything for writing into another wav or anything,but fname.getframes gives information not in integers some thing like a "/xt/x4/0w' etc.. But i want them in integer so that would be helpful for manupation and smoothening join of 2 wav files

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  • I want to select the distict value from models field and then update them (django)

    - by qulzam
    I have models... class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField('Item Name', max_length = 30) item_code = models.CharField(max_length = 10) color = models.CharField(max_length = 150, null = True, blank = True) size = models.CharField(max_length = 30, null = True, blank = True) fabric_code = models.CharField(max_length = 30, null = True, blank = True) I have values in Item. in Item model name field has the similar values..(but the other values of record are change). I want to select the name field values distinctly(ie similar values select only ones). in one box(like combo box). What kind of form or views i use??

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  • Convert sets to frozensets as values of a dictionary

    - by Space_C0wb0y
    I have dictionary that is built as part of the initialization of my object. I know that it will not change during the lifetime of the object. The dictionary maps keys to sets. I want to convert all the values from sets to frozensets, to make sure they do not get changed. Currently I do that like this: for key in self.my_dict.iterkeys(): self.my_dict[key] = frozenset(self.my_dict[key]) Is there a simpler way to achieve this? I cannot build frozenset right away, because I do not how much items will be in each set until i have built the complete dictionary.

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  • Passing around an ElementTree

    - by PulpFiction
    Hello. In my program, I need to make use of an ElementTree object in various functions in my program. More specifically, I am doing this: tree = etree.parse('somefile.xml') I am passing this tree around in my program. I was wondering whether this is a good approach, or can I do this: Create a global tree (I come from a C++ background and I know global is bad) Create the tree again wherever required. Or is my approach ok?

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  • Replacing text with variables

    - by Steve
    I have to send out letters to certain clients and I have a standard letter that I need to use. I want to replace some of the text inside the body of the message with variables. Here is my maturity_letter models.py class MaturityLetter(models.Model): default = models.BooleanField(default=False, blank=True) body = models.TextField(blank=True) footer = models.TextField(blank=True) Now the body has a value of this: Dear [primary-firstname], AN IMPORTANT REMINDER… You have a [product] that is maturing on [maturity_date] with [financial institution]. etc Now I would like to replace everything in brackets with my template variables. This is what I have in my views.py so far: context = {} if request.POST: start_form = MaturityLetterSetupForm(request.POST) if start_form.is_valid(): agent = request.session['agent'] start_date = start_form.cleaned_data['start_date'] end_date = start_form.cleaned_data['end_date'] investments = Investment.objects.all().filter(maturity_date__range=(start_date, end_date), plan__profile__agent=agent).order_by('maturity_date') inv_form = MaturityLetterInvestments(investments, request.POST) if inv_form.is_valid(): sel_inv = inv_form.cleaned_data['investments'] context['sel_inv'] = sel_inv maturity_letter = MaturityLetter.objects.get(id=1) context['mat_letter'] = maturity_letter context['inv_form'] = inv_form context['agent'] = agent context['show_report'] = True Now if I loop through the sel_inv I get access to sel_inv.maturity_date, etc but I am lost in how to replace the text. On my template, all I have so far is: {% if show_letter %} {{ mat_letter.body }} <br/> {{ mat_letter.footer }} {% endif %} Much appreciated.

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  • nested list comprehension using intermediate result

    - by KentH
    I am trying to grok the output of a function which doesn't have the courtesy of setting a result code. I can tell it failed by the "error:" string which is mixed into the stderr stream, often in the middle of a different conversion status message. I have the following list comprehension which works, but scans for the "error:" string twice. Since it is only rescanning the actual error lines, it works fine, but it annoys me I can't figure out how to use a single scan. Here's the working code: errors = [e[e.find('error:'):] for e in err.splitlines() if 'error:' in e] The obvious (and wrong) way to simplify is to save the "find" result errors = [e[i:] for i in e.find('error:') if i != -1 for e in err.splitlines()] However, I get "UnboundLocalError: local variable 'e' referenced before assignment". Blindly reversing the 'for's in the comprehension also fails. How is this done? THanks. Kent

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  • sqlalchemy natural sorting

    - by teggy
    Currently, i am querying with this code: meta.Session.query(Label).order_by(Label.name).all() and it returns me objects sorted by Label.name in this manner ['1','7','1a','5c']. Is there a way i can have the objects returned in the order with their Label.name sorted like this ['1','1a','5c','7'] Thanks!

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  • Is a string formatter that pulls variables from its calling scope bad practice?

    - by Eric
    I have some code that does an awful lot of string formatting, Often, I end up with code along the lines of: "...".format(x=x, y=y, z=z, foo=foo, ...) Where I'm trying to interpolate a large number of variables into a large string. Is there a good reason not to write a function like this that uses the inspect module to find variables to interpolate? import inspect def interpolate(s): return s.format(**inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals) def generateTheString(x): y = foo(x) z = x + y # more calculations go here return interpolate("{x}, {y}, {z}")

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  • how to render custom columns with a GenericTreeModel

    - by Giorgio Gelardi
    I have to display some data in a treeview. The "real" data model is huge and I cannot copy all the stuff in a TreeStore, so I guess I should use a GenericTreeModel to act like a virtual treeview. Btw the first column is the classic icon+text style and I think I should declare a column with a CellRendererPixbuf (faq sample), but I'm not sure what the model methods on_get_n_columns() and on_get_value() should return. It's both a Pixbuf and a string value for the same column. Any help will be appreciated.

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  • Exception Handaling in google app engine

    - by Rahul99
    i am raising exception using if UserId == '' and Password == '': raise Exception.MyException , "wrong userId or password" but i want print the error message on same page class MyException(Exception): def __init__(self,msg): Exception.__init__(self,msg)

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  • How do I set prifix to django contrib tables names?

    - by Software Enthusiastic
    HI One of my requirement is to have prefix on all the tables of the django based project (Because db is hosted on shared server). I have used db_table Meta option to set the prefix for the tables which I have created. Now my query is how do I set the prefix for tables provided by django.contrib. Instead of auth_group django should create prefix_auth_group.... How do I do that? Thank you very much...

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  • any faster alternative??

    - by kaushik
    have file data of format 3.343445 1 3.54564 1 4.345535 1 2.453454 1 and so on upto 1000 lines and i have number given such as a=2.44443 for the given file i need to find the row number of the numbers in file which is most close to the given number "a" how can i do this i am presently doing by loading whole file into list and comparing each element and finding the closest one any other better faster method?

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  • Could random.randint(1,10) ever return 11?

    - by Tim Pietzcker
    When researching for this question and reading the sourcecode in random.py, I started wondering whether randrange and randint really behave as "advertised". I am very much inclined to believe so, but the way I read it, randrange is essentially implemented as start + int(random.random()*(stop-start)) (assuming integer values for start and stop), so randrange(1, 10) should return a random number between 1 and 9. randint(start, stop) is calling randrange(start, stop+1), thereby returning a number between 1 and 10. My question is now: If random() were ever to return 1.0, then randint(1,10) would return 11, wouldn't it?

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  • Fastest method in merging of the two: dicts vs lists

    - by tipu
    I'm doing some indexing and memory is sufficient but CPU isn't. So I have one huge dictionary and then a smaller dictionary I'm merging into the bigger one: big_dict = {"the" : {"1" : 1, "2" : 1, "3" : 1, "4" : 1, "5" : 1}} smaller_dict = {"the" : {"6" : 1, "7" : 1}} #after merging resulting_dict = {"the" : {"1" : 1, "2" : 1, "3" : 1, "4" : 1, "5" : 1, "6" : 1, "7" : 1}} My question is for the values in both dicts, should I use a dict (as displayed above) or list (as displayed below) when my priority is to use as much memory as possible to gain the most out of my CPU? For clarification, using a list would look like: big_dict = {"the" : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]} smaller_dict = {"the" : [6,7]} #after merging resulting_dict = {"the" : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]} Side note: The reason I'm using a dict nested into a dict rather than a set nested in a dict is because JSON won't let me do json.dumps because a set isn't key/value pairs, it's (as far as the JSON library is concerned) {"a", "series", "of", "keys"} Also, after choosing between using dict to a list, how would I go about implementing the most efficient, in terms of CPU, method of merging them? I appreciate the help.

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  • Read data from specific memory address

    - by rapid
    Hello. How can I read (and put into new variable) data stored at specific memory address? For instance I know that: <nfqueue.queue; proxy of <Swig Object of type 'queue *' at 0xabd2b00> > And I want to have data stored at 0xabd2b00 in new variable so that I can work and use all functionalities of the object. Let's assume that I don't have access to the original variable that created this object.

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  • Using SQLAlchemy, how can I return a count with multiple columns

    - by Andy
    I am attempting to run a query like this: SELECT comment_type_id, name, count(comment_type_id) FROM comments, commenttypes WHERE comment_type_id=commenttypes.id GROUP BY comment_type_id Without the join between comments and commenttypes for the name column, I can do this using: session.query(Comment.comment_type_id,func.count(Comment.comment_type_id)).group_by(Comment.comment_type_id).all() However, if I try to do something like this, I get incorrect results: session.query(Comment.comment_type_id, Comment.comment_type, func.count(Comment.comment_type_id)).group_by(Comment.comment_type_id).all() I have two problems with the results: (1, False, 82920) (2, False, 588) (3, False, 4278) (4, False, 104370) Problems: The False is not correct The counts are wrong My expected results are: (1, 'Comment Type 1', 13820) (2, 'Comment Type 2', 98) (3, 'Comment Type 2', 713) (4, 'Comment Type 2', 17395) How can I adjust my command to pull the correct name value and the correct count?

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? The rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Thanks!

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  • Can UML be used to model a Functional program?

    - by iestyn
    More specifically, how do you model a functional program, or one developed using the Functional Style (without classes) using a diagram, and not textual representation, is it at all possible and could someone please direct me towards the nearest application that would do this (open source, of free as in beer, if you please)

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