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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Switching from C++ (with a lot of STL use) to C for interpreter building

    - by wndsr
    I'm switching from C++ to C because I'm rebuilding my toy interpreter. I was used to vectors for dynamic allocation of objects like tokens or instructions of my programs, stacks and mainly strings with all their aspects. Now, in C I'm not going to have all these anymore. I know that I will have to use a lot of memory management, too. I'm completely new to C, I only know the high-level easy-life data structures from the STL, how can I get started with strings and dynamic memory allocation?

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  • How to prepare for an interview for Ruby on Rails?

    - by Snehal
    Background about myself: I have about 3 years experience working in Java/J2EE. I am currently pursuing MS in Software Engineering at a reputed university. I have done several classwork projects on Ruby on Rails and can be considered at Intermediate level expertise with ROR. I have an interview coming up next week for a Ruby on Rails developer position at a startup. I have already prepared all the basics of Ruby on Rails but didn't get a lot input on the questions asked for ROR developers. Can you guys help me with the preparation? Any materials, suggestions would be welcome.

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  • Updating a modul leve shared dictionary

    - by Vishal
    Hi, A module level dictionary 'd' and is accessed by different threads/requests in a django web application. I need to update 'd' every minute with a new data and the process takes about 5 seconds. What could be best solution where I want the users to get either the old value or the new value of d and nothing in between. I can think of a solution where a temp dictionary is constructed with a new data and assigned to 'd' but not sure how this works! Appreciate your ideas. Thanks

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  • How can I disable the F4 key from showing the items in a ComboBox

    - by Alex
    You might not know this, but pressing the F4 key on a ComboBox makes it's drop-down item list appear. I believe this is the default behavior on Windows. Does anyone know how to override this behavior in WPF (C#)? I know that overriding default behavior is generally seen as bad practice, however in this case I have a rugged-device that runs XP Embedded. It has a handful of prominent Function keys (F1-F6) that need to trigger different events. This works fine, however when focused over a ComboBox the events aren't triggered as the ComboBox drops down. I have tried catching the KeyDown event both on the form and on the ComboBox and listening for the F4 key, however it doesn't get this far as the key press must be handled at a lower level. Any ideas? Thanks.

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  • Rails - Dynamic cookie domains using Rack

    - by Tim B.
    I'm fairly new to Rails and Rack, but this guy had a seemingly straightforward write-up about using Rack to implement dynamic session domain middleware. The code looks good to and I've implemented it here on my local machine, but I'm still not able to transcend top level domains on a single login. Here's the middleware code: class SetCookieDomain def initialize(app, default_domain) @app = app @default_domain = default_domain end def call(env) host = env["HTTP_HOST"].split(':').first env["rack.session.options"][:domain] = custom_domain?(host) ? ".#{host}" : "#{@default_domain}" @app.call(env) end def custom_domain?(host) domain = @default_domain.sub(/^\./, '') host !~ Regexp.new("#{domain}$", Regexp::IGNORECASE) end end And then in environment.db: config.load_paths += %W(#{RAILS_ROOT}/app/middlewares) Lastly in production.db (and development.db): config.middleware.use "SetCookieDomain", ".example.org" Any help is greatly appreciated. EDIT: I'm running Rails 2.3.3 and Rack 1.0

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  • Third party lib to create jar files?

    - by Synesso
    I've Goog'd but I can't find any third party library that will let you create a jar file programmatically. I amazed that even Apache commons-io doesn't seem to have such functionality. I'd rather not implement it myself as the API is rather low level. Are there any 3rd party libraries out there that will do the job? Edit: I meant programmatically in Java. I don't want to drop out to the shell and I don't want to work with java.io.*.

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  • Are self-described / auto-descriptive services loosely or tightly coupled in a SOA architecture ?

    - by snowflake
    I consider a self-described / auto-descriptive service as a good thing in a SOA architecture, since (almost) everything you know to call the service is present in the service contract (such a WSDL). Sample of a non self-described service for me is Facebook Query Language (FQL http://wiki.developers.facebook.com/index.php/FQL), or any web service exchanging XML flow in a one String parameter for then parsing XML and performing treatments. Last ones seem further more technically decoupled, since technically you can switch implementations without technical impact on the caller, handling compatibility between implementations/versions at a business level. On the other side, having no strong interface (diluted into the service and its version), make the service tightly coupled to the existing implementation (more difficulty to interchange the service and to ensure perfect compatibility). This question is related to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2503071/how-to-implement-loose-coupling-with-a-soa-architecture So, are self-described / auto-descriptive services loosely or tightly coupled in a SOA architecture ? What are the impacts regarding ESBs ? Any pointer will be appreciated.

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  • Show a django relationship in a template

    - by kevin_82
    I have a django model as follows: class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=255) class Relationship(models.Model): parent = models.ForeignKey(Person) child = models.ForeignKey(Person) description = models.TextField(blank=True) In my view, I pass a certain person, and the relationships in which he/she is parent: person = Person.objects.filter(name ='some name') descendant_relationships = Relationship.objects.filter(parent = person) An I want to show this person's descendants in a list in a template: <ul> {% for item in descendant_relationships%} <li> {{item.child.name}} - {{item.description}} </li> {% endfor %} </ul> But this template code will not show the children of children (i.e. grandchildren, great-grandchildren etc.). How can I get these lower level descendants to show up? I imagine recursion is necessary somewhere, but where?

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  • write cache and write sequence order

    - by excanoe
    ok, here i have some weird question: let say we have some binary file (.log), and sequence of write operations, for example log1, log2, log3 and each has some block size n (raw data). question: can I be sure that log1,log2 and log3 sequences can be written in the correct order in ONE file, even if i have few cache levels (disk hardware and os level)? update very interested in what will be with records order (not with records) if we have software or hardware failure (reboot or another reason). update there can be some percent of write failures, but main question is: will write order stay correct?

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  • Ruby Koans 202: Why does the correct answer give a syntax error?

    - by hlh
    I'm working through the about_classes.rb file in the Ruby Koans, and have hit a brick wall with the "inside_a_method_self_refers_to_the_containing_object" test. Here's the code: class Dog7 attr_reader :name def initialize(initial_name) @name = initial_name end def get_self self end def to_s __ end def inspect "<Dog named '#{name}'>" end end def test_inside_a_method_self_refers_to_the_containing_object fido = Dog7.new("Fido") fidos_self = fido.get_self assert_equal <Dog named 'Fido'>, fidos_self end So, I'm trying to make the first half of the assert_equal evaluate to the second half (fidos_self). When I work it out in irb, fidos_self returns <Dog named 'Fido'>, but I keep receiving a syntax error for that answer. I've seen this similar post: Ruby Koans: Where are the quotes in this return value?, but his solution (putting fido instead of <Dog named 'Fido'>) causes my rake to abort, saying the stack level is too deep. This is driving me nuts. What am I missing here?

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  • Should a protected property in a C# child class hide access to a public property on the parent?

    - by Tim
    I have the following code: public class Parent { public string MyField { get; set; } } public class Child : Parent { protected new int MyField { get; set; } } I try and access this with: static void Main(string[] args) { Child child = new Child(); child.MyField = "something"; } Visual studio 2008 compiles this without comment, but under Mono (2.4.2, Ubuntu) I get the error message 'HideTest.Child.MyField' is inaccessible due to its protection level (CS0122) Is one implementation or the other more compliant with the standard here?

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  • SQL Server 2005 - Understanding ouput of DBCC SHOWCONTIG

    - by user169743
    I'm seeing some slow performance on a SQL Server 2005 database. I've been doing some research regarding SQL Server performance but I'm having difficulty fully understanding the output of SHOWCONTIG and would be very grateful if someone could have a look and offer some suggestions to improve performance. TABLE level scan performed. Pages Scanned................................: 19348 Extents Scanned..............................: 2427 Extent Switches..............................: 3829 Avg. Pages per Extent........................: 8.0 Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count].......: 63.16% [2419:3830] Logical Scan Fragmentation ..................: 8.40% Extent Scan Fragmentation ...................: 35.15% Avg. Bytes Free per Page.....................: 938.1 Avg. Page Density (full).....................: 88.41%

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  • Is there a way to determine gaps in try/catch coverage?

    - by Mike Pateras
    I'm debugging a service that's experiencing some problems on start-up. To aid me in this, I'm wrapping pretty much everything in a try/catch block, and writing any errors to a file. I don't want to put them in every method, I just want to put them in the highest level methods so that they catch exceptions from other methods. Something is getting through, though, as the service does stop under some conditions. Is there a way to determine where the gaps in my try/catch coverage are, other than by sight?

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  • move data from one table to another, postgresql edition

    - by IggShaman
    Hi All, I'd like to move some data from one table to another (with a possibly different schema). Straightforward solution that comes into mind is - start a transaction with serializable isolation level; INSERT INTO dest_table SELECT data FROM orig_table,other-tables WHERE <condition>; DELETE FROM orig_table USING other-tables WHERE <condition>; COMMIT; Now what if the amount of data is rather big, and the <condition> is expensive to compute? In PostgreSQL, a RULE or a stored procedure can be used to delete data on the fly, evaluating condition only once. Which solution is better? Are there other options?

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  • Save application preferences... registry/file?

    - by spender
    Where is the best place to store application preferences? In particular, I'd like to save preferences for a media player such as volume levels and the like. Two candidates spring to mind... file and registry. Which would be more appropriate? As a follow up to this, I'm also wondering if there are any APIs that aid in creating application specific settings. Unless someone advises me that this is wrong, I'd like to save stuff either in HKCU... or HKLM/Software/MyCompanyName/MyAppName/Key for the registry, or in %APPDATA\MyCompanyName\MyAppName\someTypeOfSettingsFile. As these seem to be commonly used for such settings, I'd assume that .Net makes it easy to store settings in these locations. Is there a simple high level API that can .Net offer me to read and write settings to these common locations?

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  • WordPress > microsites use main site's menu (same domain, multiple subdirectories, multiple WP insta

    - by Scott B
    I have a main site at site.com and several subdirectory "microsites" at site1.site.com, site2.site.com, etc. These are all on the same server. Each site is set up in its own folder under public_html and each with its own separate wordpress install. I'd like for each microsite to share the same top level menu (the page's menu) with the main site. I'm sure there are several approaches and I'd like to ask you for a few ideas. As an aside, I'd also like to ask if the new WordPress 3.0 beta would make this simpler to do (since it combines wordpress MU into the main wordpress core)

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  • Segmentation fault problem (C)

    - by user228938
    I have a struct named Game with an array of levels, defined like this: typedef struct { Level levels[x]; } Game; When I compile the code, if x is 1, 2 or 3, the program runs normally. If it's any other value (4, for instance), I get a segmentation fault. I'm not accessing the array anywhere. Main is something like this at the moment (commented everything except the initialization): int main (...) { Game g; return 0; } Any clue of what this might be? Thanks in advance.

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  • Why so many individual System.Web.* DLLs?

    - by toasteroven
    I've been thinking about ways to refactor a fairly expansive class/utility library I have, and one thing I think I want to do is split off any higher-level helper utilities that introduce new dependencies. I read some previous questions here, and one that I particularly noticed was a comment about how Microsoft freely uses namespaces across DLLs. The example given was System.Web - it's in the base framework, but there's also a System.Web.dll that adds more functionality to the namespace if you want it. I also noticed several other System.Web.* DLLs available, and I was wondering if there's a reason why they wouldn't be combined into a single DLL. Could it be that they have their own individual dependencies and Microsoft (like me) wanted to separate assemblies along those lines? Or is it for easier maintenance? Something else entirely?

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  • What experience is the most valued in a programmer?

    - by Christo
    I've been coding application level software for a while now. I've had some experience with internet (server/client based) applications, but that has been fairly scant. The field doesn't scare although I know that experience can be almost be measured in gold. I see myself as a highly qualified and experienced programmer, but I also see my short comings in these fields. Does this count against me (and others like me?) and would this cut anyone from obtaining the shortlist or are there other factors which bear more weight?

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  • Exclude subexpression from regexec in c++

    - by wyatt
    Suppose I was trying to match the following expression using regex.h in C++, and trying to obtain the subexpressions contained: /^((1|2)|3) (1|2)$/ Suppose it were matched against the string "3 1", the subexpressions would be: "3 1" "3" "1" If, instead it were matched against the string "2 1", the subexpressions would be: "2 1" "2" "2" "1" Which means that, depending on how the first subexpression evaluates, the final one is in a different element in the pmatch array. I realise this particular example is trivial, as I could remove one of the sets of brackets, or grab the last element of the array, but it becomes problematic in more complicated expressions. Suppose all I want are the top-level subexpressions, the ones which aren't subexpressions of other subexpressions. Is there any way to only get them? Or, alternatively, to know how many subexpressions are matched within a subexpression, so that I can traverse the array irrespective of how it evaluates? Thanks

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  • What is a valid and reasonable alternative to a massive storage approach?

    - by Backo
    I am using Ruby on Rails 3.2.2 and MySQL. After my previous question on "how to handle massive storage of records in database for user authorization purposes", since related answers (on how to solve the issue or how to accomplish to that I am looking for) aren't sufficiently detailed or require to much resources (at least for me), I would like to know what are valid and reasonable alternatives to that approach. In few words, this question could be phrase as: how to handle "complex" (at level of SQL querying) user authorizations when you have to fetch "authorized" records? That is, for example, how to retrieve records when you would use code like the following (the following code would be used mostly in index controller actions): Article.readable_by_user(@current_user) # => Returns all articles readable by the current user.

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  • why does the gingerbread emulator orientation gets stuck in apps?

    - by tabjsina
    At first I thought this was a problem with my app, but it seems to be happening in any app (though interestingly, not the home screen) in the gingerbread emulator. To replicate my issue, open eclipse and fire up the android emulator for gingerbread (I'm using the "Google APIs - API Level 9" as my target) So the procedure to duplicate once the emulator loads is press LCtrl-F11 to shift orientation to landscape, then again to switch to portrait Result: In the homescreen: The view rotates to landscape, and then back to portrait, as expected In any app (i've tried browser, calculator, maps, and the app i'm currently working on): the view rotates to landscape, and then nothing, it stays in landscape even the emulator is displaying the phone in landscape mode (see below) http://i54.tinypic.com/2ake06v.jpg Has anyone else had this issue, or have I installed the emulator in some incorrect way - this hasn't been an issue with any of the previous emulators

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  • Where do I place the launch image "Default.png" in my iPhone app's project directory?

    - by Dr Dork
    In the Apple documentation, it says... iPhone OS looks for a Default.png file, located in the top level of the application bundle. but I'm having a hard time figuring out how to get the image in that location in the bundle (I'm new to all this). I'm assuming my image will end up in the right place in the bundle when I compile it so long as I add it to the project correctly and place it in the right location in the project directory. My questions are... Where in my project directory should I place the "Default.png" image? Do I need add it to the project through Xcode? If so, how? Thanks so much in advance for all your help! I'm going to continue researching this question right now.

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  • Model class is not found in zend framework project (quickstart) ,please help

    - by Dumindu
    The things I did is zf create project demo1 in command prompt add the lines to application.ini appnamespace = "Application" resources.layout.layoutPath = APPLICATION_PATH "/layouts/scripts" add a layout with header and footer using partial() (They are perfectly worked) create Data.php in models directory and add this simple class <?php class Application_Model_Data{ }//Application for appnamespace then I tried to load this class(by creating instance)from index controller index action $data = new Application_Model_Data(); but when I test it even in this level it gives an error Fatal error: Class 'Application_Model_Data' not found in C:\Zend\...\IndexController.php Question Do I want to add a autoloader to load models in the application( I'm not used modules) if not what was I missed to add please help I'm stuck in the beginning,Thank you

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