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  • Linux software Raid 10 no superblock

    - by Shoshomiga
    I have a software raid 10 with 6 x 2tb hard drives (raid 1 for /boot), ubuntu 10.04 is the os. I had a raid controller failure that put 2 drives out of sync, crashed the system and initially the os didnt boot up and went into initramfs instead, saying that drives were busy but I eventually managed to bring the raid up by stopping and assembling the drives. The os booted up and said that there were filesystem errors, I chose to ignore because it would remount the fs in read-only mode if there was a problem. Everything seemed to be working fine and the 2 drives started to rebuild, I was sure that it was a sata controller failure because I had dma errors in my log files. The os crashed soon after that with ext errors. Now its not bringing up the raid, it says that there is no superblock on /dev/sda2. I tried to reassemble manually with all the device names but it still would not bring up the raid 10 complaining about the missing superblock on sda2, and sda1 was also dropped from the raid 1. When I did examine on the raid10 it says that 1 of the initially failed drives is a spare, the other is spare rebuilding and sda2 is removed. It seems that sda decided to fail right when the system was vulnerable to it because when I boot up a live cd it spews out sda unrecoverable read failures. I have been trying to fix this all week but I'm not sure where to go with this now, I ordered more hard drives because I didn't have a complete backup, but its too late for that now and the only thing I could do is mirror all the hard drives onto the new ones (I'm not sure whether sda was mirrored without errors). On the internet I read that you can recover from this by recreating the array with the same options as when it was made, however because sda is failing I cant use it and I don't want to risk using its mirror instead, so I'm waiting to get another hard drive. I'm also not sure whether to include the out of sync drives or if I can actually use those instead to recover the array. Sorry if this is a mess to read but I've been trying to fix this all day and its late at night now, any thoughts on this would be greatly appreciated. I also did a memtest and changed the motherboard in addition to everything else. EDIT: This is my partition layout Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009c34a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 511999 254976 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 512000 3904980991 1952234496 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 3904980992 3907028991 1024000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

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  • Dell PowerEdge R720 - Corrupted RAID

    - by BT643
    Apologies in advance for the lengthy question. We have a Dell PowerEdge R720 server with: 2 x 136GB SAS drives in RAID 1 for the OS (Ubuntu Server 12.04) 6 x 3TB SATA drives in RAID 5 for data A few days ago we were getting errors when trying to access files on the large RAID 5 partition. We rebooted the server and got a message about the raid controller has found a foriegn config. We've had this before, and just needed to use Dell's RAID configuration utility to import foreign config on the RAID. Last time this worked, but this time, it started doing a disk check then we got this: FSCK has returned the following: "/dev/sdb1 inode 364738 has a bad extended attribute block 7 /dev/sdb1 unexpected inconsistency run fsck manually (i.e without -a or -p options) MOUNTALL fsck /ourdatapartition [1019] terminated with status 4 MOUNTALL filesystem has errors /ourdatapartition errors where found while checking the disk drive for /ourdatapartition Press F to fix errors, I to Ignore or M for Manual Recovery" We pressed F to try and fix the errors, but it eventually errored with: Inode 275841084, i_blocks is 167080, should be 0. Fix? yes Inode 275841141 has an invalid extend node (blk 2206761006, lblk 0) Clear? yes Inode 275841141, i_blocks is 227872, should be 0. Fix? yes Inode 275842303 has an invalid extend node (blk 2206760975, lblk 0) Clear? yes .... Error storing directory block information (inode=275906766, block=0, num=2699516178): Memory allocation failed /dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** e2fsck: aborted /dev/sdb1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** mountall: fsck /ourdatapartition [1286] terminated with status 9 mountall: Unrecoverable fsck error: /ourdatapartition We noticed one of the drive lights was not lit at all, and thought this may have failed and be the problem. We replaced the drive with a spare, and tried "F" to repair it again, but we keep just getting the same error as above. In the RAID configuration utility, all drives show as "online" and "optimal". We do have this data on another replicated server, so we're not worried about "recovering" anything, we just want to get the system back online asap. The server has 64 or 32GB memory, can't remember off the top of my head, but either way, with a 14TB RAID, I think it may still not be enough. Thanks EDIT - I checked the memory usage while fsck was running as suggested and after 2 or 3 minutes, it looked like this, using up nearly all of our servers memory: When it failed after 5 minutes or so with the error in my post, the memory immediately freed up again:

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  • HP Smart Array p400i with Intel X25-M 160 SSD

    - by user67304
    I have a pair of x25-M 160 Intel SSD's in an HP DL360 G5 with a p400i Smart Array running 512 BBWC. The disk performance I am getting on this box and another identical one does not come close to matching the same two drives running through a cheap 3ware RAID card. Any idea? I have played with the cache settings, but nothing allows me to get the same results. It seems like the Smart Array controller is the bottleneck.

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  • Free-space driven log rotation on linux?

    - by kdt
    Someone just asked me 'how long should we keep logs for our application', and my answer was 'until the disk is full' as there's no reason to throw them away other than running out of space. However, standard logrotate wants us to specify a specific period + number of rotations. Is there something similar that would let us say "rotate daily, and keep as much history as you like until there is only 5% space free"? The platform is Redhat Linux.

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  • Is there a compression method for compressing a group of very similar files, without archiving them?

    - by awiebe
    I want to compress a large nuber of files that have near identical headers, and also some data, however I do not wish to archive them, nor do I wish to zip them individually(because the copression ratio would be much higher if substitutions of similar blocks could be done using a single table). Does a compression method exist to do this already, or should I implement it myself. Note: Don't say "Disk space is cheap", because I may want to use this on an embedded system.

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  • How to boot a partition using a virtual pc.

    - by Fantomas
    I have backed up my failing hard drive using a ddrescue Linux command to two partition files - p1 and p2 5GB and 90GB each. Now, without saving this back to an actual disk - is there a way for me to boot my old computer virtually, using Virtual PC or Parallels or VMWare? How? Thank you.

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  • Windows 7duplicate in boot menu

    - by Mick
    I deploy my Windows 7 with imagex.exe. I do this by means some batch script : Win7_install.bat: cls Diskpart /s Win7_install.txt Imagex /apply Win7_October.wim 1 C: Bcdboot C:\Windows Exit Win7_install.txt: SELECT DISK 0 CLEAN CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY SIZE=102400 SELECT PARTITION 1 FORMAT fs=ntfs LABEL=”SYSTEM” quick ASSIGN LETTER=C CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY SELECT PARTITION 2 FORMAT fs=ntfs LABEL=”DATA” quick SELECT PARTITION 1 ACTIVE EXIT Then after restart I have duplicate entries in boot menu. Anybody have some idea how fix it? Regards

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  • Forgotten account password

    - by blade
    I kept my passwords recorded but the location on my PC where I kept this went missing. I now can't get into Windows Server 2008 R2 as I can't remember the administrator or named account credentials and have no password reset disk. This is on a VM (VM Player - which btw is temp till I get Hyper-V). How can I get back in? If I make AD can I join the server to AD and then set a domain account?

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  • Linux Software RAID1 Rebuild Completes, but after reboot, its degraded again

    - by zimmy6996
    I have been beating my head with an issue here, and I'm now turning to the internet for help. I have a system running Mandrake Linux, with the following configuration: /dev/hda - This is a IDE drive. Has some partitions on it that boot the system and make up most of the file system. /dev/sda - This is drive 1 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 /dev/sdb - This is drive 2 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 md0 gets mounted but fstab as /data-storage, so it is not critical to the systems ability to boot. We can comment it out of fstab, and the system works just fine either way. The problem is, we have a failed sdb drive. So I shut the box down, and have pulled the failed disk and installed a new disk. When the system boots up, /proc/mdstat shows only sda as part of the raid. I then run the various command to rebuild the RAID to /dev/sdb. Everything rebuilds correctly, and upon completion, you look at /proc/mdstat and it shows 2 drives sda1(0) and sdb1(1). Everything looks great. Then you reboot the box ... UGH!!! Once rebooted, sdb is missing again from the RAID. It is like the rebuild never happened. I can walk through the commands to rebuild it again, and it will work, but again, after reboot, the box seems to make sdb just vanish! The real odd thing is, if after reboot, I pull sda out of the box, and try to get the system to load with the rebuilt sdb drive in the system, and when I do, the system actually throws and error just after grub, and says something about drive error, and the system has to shut down. Thoughts??? I'm starting to wonder if grub has something to do with this mess. That the drive isn't being setup within grub to be visible at boot? This RAID array isn't necessary for the system to boot, but when the replacement drive is in there, without SDA it won't boot system, so it makes me believe there is something to that. On top of that, there just seems to be something wonky here the drive falling off of RAID after reboot. I've hit the point of pounding my head on the keyboard. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!!

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  • EBS with RAID0 (striping) and restoring snapshots

    - by grourk
    We have a MySQL database on EC2 and are looking at the disk IO performance there. Currently we have a single EBS volume with XFS and take snapshots for backup. It seems that a lot of people have seen significant performance gains by striping across multiple EBS volumes with software RAID. If this is done, how does one take snapshots and ensure the consistency of the file system? It seems to me that restoring the file system from multiple snapshots could be tricky.

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  • Laptop authentication/logon via accelometer tilt, flip, and twist

    - by wonsungi
    Looking for another application/technology: A number of years ago, I read about a novel way to authenticate and log on to a laptop. The user simply had to hold the laptop in the air and execute a simple series of tilts and flips to the laptop. By logging accelerometer data, this creates a unique signature for the user. Even if an attacker watched and repeated the exact same motions, the attacker could not replicate the user's movements closely enough. I am looking for information about this technology again, but I can't find anything. It may have been an actual feature on a laptop, or it may have just been a research project. I think I read about it in a magazine like Wired. Does anyone have more information about authentication via unique accelerometer signatures? Here are the closest articles I have been able to find: Knock-based commands for your Linux laptop Shake Well Before Use: Authentication Based on Accelerometer Data[PDF] Inferring Identity using Accelerometers in Television Remote Controls User Evaluation of Lightweight User Authentication with a Single Tri-Axis Accelerometer Identifying Users of Portable Devices from Gait Pattern with Accelerometers[PDF] 3D Signature Biometrics Using Curvature Moments[PDF] MoViSign: A novel authentication mechanism using mobile virtual signatures

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  • Deleting Temporary Internet Files through Group Policy

    - by Kami
    I have a domain controller running on Windows 2008 Server R2 and users login to application servers on which Windows 2003 Server SP2 is installed. I have applied a Group Policy to clean temporary internet files on exit i.e to delete all temporary internet files when users close the browser. But the group policy doesn't seem to work as user profile size keeps on increasing and the major space is occupied by temporary internet files therefore increasing the disk usage. How can i enforce automatic deletion of temporary internet files?

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  • Secure, efficient, version-preserving, filename-hiding backup implemented in this way?

    - by barrycarter
    I tried writing a "perfect" backup program (below), but ran into problems (also below). Is there an efficient/working version of this?: Assumptions: you're backing up from 'local', which you own and has limited disk space to 'remote', which has infinite disk space and belongs to someone else, so you need encryption. Network bandwidth is finite. 'local' keeps a db of backed-up files w/ this data for each file: filename, including full path file's last modified time (mtime) sha1sum of file's unencrypted contents sha1sum of file's encrypted contents Given a list of files to backup (some perhaps already backed up), the program runs 'find' and gets the full path/mtime for each file (this is fairly efficient; conversely, computing the sha1sum of each file would NOT be efficient) The program discards files whose filename and mtime are in 'local' db. The program now computes the sha1sum of the (unencrypted contents of each remaining file. If the sha1sum matches one in 'local' db, we create a special entry in 'local' db that points this file/mtime to the file/mtime of the existing entry. Effectively, we're saying "we have a backup of this file's contents, but under another filename, so no need to back it up again". For each remaining file, we encrypt the file, take the sha1sum of the encrypted file's contents, rsync the file to its sha1sum. Example: if the file's encrypted sha1sum was da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709, we'd rsync it to /some/path/da/39/a3/da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 on 'remote'. Once the step above succeeds, we add the file to the 'local' db. Note that we efficiently avoid computing sha1sums and encrypting unless absolutely necessary. Note: I don't specify encryption method: this would be user's choice. The problems: We must encrypt and backup 'local' db regularly. However, 'local' db grows quickly and rsync'ing encrypted files is inefficient, since a small change in 'local' db means a big change in the encrypted version of 'local' db. We create a file on 'remote' for each file on 'local', which is ugly and excessive. We query 'local' db frequently. Even w/ indexes, these queries are slow, since we're often making one query for each file. Would be nice to speed this up by batching queries or something. Probably other problems that I've now forgotten.

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  • Best way to partition 1TB (Linux&Windows7)

    - by Simon
    Any intelligent way to partition 1TB and be prepared for resizing/adding/deleting partitions? I was thinking about LVM, but as far as i remember, Windows7 can't be installed on logical volume right? For now my plan is: - ~150GB for Windows7 and other stuff (VisualStudio..., maybe I'll split it 100/50 or something like that) - simple NTFS - 850GB = LVM - disk for linux (Ubuntu) and other stuff virtual machines etc. I'm mostly interested in how and what tools should I use to get easy in maintain partitions for both systems.

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  • What is the optimum way to secure a company wide wiki?

    - by Mark Robinson
    We have a wiki which is used by over half our company. Generally it has been very positively received. However, there is a concern over security - not letting confidential information fall into the wrong hands (i.e. competitors). The default answer is to create a complicated security matrix defining who can read what document (wiki page) based on who created it. Personally I think this mainly solves the wrong problem because it creates barriers within the company instead of a barrier to the external world. But some are concerned that people at a customer site might share information with a customer which then goes to the competitor. The administration of such a matrix is a nightmare because (1) the matrix is based on department and not projects (this is a matrix organisation), and (2) because in a wiki all pages are by definition dynamic so what is confidential today might not be confidential tomorrow (but the history is always readable!). Apart from the security matrix, we've considered restricting content on the wiki to non super secret stuff, but off course that needs to be monitored. Another solution (the current) is to monitor views and report anything suspicious (e.g. one person at a customer site having 2000 views in two days was reported). Again - this is not ideal because this does not directly imply a wrong motive. Does anyone have a better solution? How can a company wide wiki be made secure and yet keep its low threshold USP? BTW we use MediaWiki with Lockdown to exclude some administrative staff.

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  • AWS: Multi-region setup using single RDS instance

    - by Ion
    I'm trying to scale our web application (PHP, MySQL, memcache) in a multi-region scheme. Currently we are using a setup with two EC2 instances behind an ELB and an RDS instance, all of them in US-EAST (Virginia) region. We would like to have a presence in the EU (Ireland) region as well. This means at least a new EC2 instance there (identical to the others, serving the same application). I have copied the desired AMI, setup the new instance, setup a same ELB configuration (required for SSL termination) and configured latency-based routing in Route53. And it works as suggested. But, clients from EU have speed problems. This is due to the fact that the EU EC2 instances connect to the US-based RDS instance. As far as I know Amazon has not yet enabled RDS multi-region replication. Do you have any suggestions on how to properly speed up the whole setup while using the single RDS instance? Also, any ideas in general on how to scale things up? Ideally we would like to continue using the RDS technology for various reasons. Nevertheless, I am open to suggestions (I guess the next idea would be to host our own MySQL servers).

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  • Why doesn't video run smoothly on my laptop anymore?

    - by andygrunt
    This might be an impossible question to answer remotely but I figure there may be some common causes that people can suggest so I think it's worth asking... Video no longer plays smoothly on my laptop. It used to but not for a while now. For example, playing a video on YouTube is pretty typical: I press play (making sure it's not on HD or even HQ) and the video buffers a little then starts to play. At first it plays fine then the video starts to stutter, turning into a slideshow while the sound continues to play smoothly. If I try playing the same video on my Playstation 3 (which is linked to the same network) it plays smoothly so it can't be the connection. Another example is streaming DivX videos. Again, I wait while it buffers and it starts but very soon, instead of a slideshow, this time the video just plays slowly while the sound continues as normal (instantly getting out of sync). Even if I let the video fully load before pressing play (i.e. it's no longer streaming), it still behaves the same way. I can even let it load 100% then save the file to hard disk and use VLC player to view it, and the same thing happens. I'm using an old laptop running Windows XP. For the past several years it's been connected to the router via Wi-Fi but in the past few days I've changed that to a network cable (like my PS3) but that hasn't helped. Yes, I regularly install various bits and pieces of software but nothing that I can identify as being the cause. So, are there known causes of this sort of behaviour and if so, what can I do to fix it? Thanks. Update to answer a few questions... Laptop Spec' (note: video has played back fine for the majority of time I've had the laptop) Toshiba Satellite 1900-603 (possibly called something else outside the UK) Intel Pentium 4 2.2 Ghz Processor Originally had 512Mb memory but recently doubled that to 1 Gig of memory Graphics: ATI Mobility Radeon 16Mb DDR VRAM Windows XP SP3 (Home edition) Over the years I've done several things to speed it up (disabling indexing etc) and am generally happy with the performance. I also regularly have a clear out of old software (if for no other reason than the laptop only has a 40Gb hard disk) and use CCleaner and Glary Utilities to strip out much of the crap from my system. Also recently (after doubling the memory), I've tried a few new things which might be likely candidates for slowing the video down such as Rocketdock, Jingle keyboard (which gives an old style 'clacky' typewriter sound when I type - love it), SugarSync, Taskbar Shuffle. However, the video doesn't play smoothly even when I try quit all these apps.

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  • File Locked on Flash Drive

    - by AtomFury
    I'm completely frustrated. I'm an owner of a OCZ 8GB Rally2 which I've used flawlessly for about 4 months now, and all of a sudden this week I begin getting errors telling me that I can't delete a file due to "make sure the disk is not write-protected, full or and the file is not in-use" dialog. Here's what I've tried: Deleting the file using FileASSASSIN (it's worked on everything else but files on this darn flash drive) Formatting the flash drive and then restoring the backed up information (I format to NTFS, FYI) Any suggestions on what to do?

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  • How to disable or tune filesystem cache sharing for OpenVZ?

    - by gertvdijk
    For OpenVZ, an example of container-based virtualization, it seems that host and all guests are sharing the filesystem cache. This sounds paradoxical when talking about virtualization, but this is actually a feature of OpenVZ. It makes sense too. Because only one kernel is running, it's possible to benefit from sharing the same pages of filesystem cache in memory. And while it sounds beneficial, I think a set up here actually suffers in performance from it. Here's why I think why: my machines aren't actually sharing any files on disk so I can't benefit from this feature in OpenVZ. Several OpenVZ machines are running MySQL with MyISAM tables. MyISAM relies on the system's filesystem cache for caching of data files, unlike InnoDB's buffer pool. Also some virtual machines are known to do heavy and large I/O operations on the same filesystem in the host. For example, when running cat *.MYD > /dev/null on some large database in one machine, I saw the filesystem cache lowering in another, monitored by htop. This essentially flushes all the useful filesystem cache in guests (FIFO) and so it flushes the MySQL caches in the guests. Now users are complaining that MySQL is very slow. And it is. Some simple SELECT queries take several seconds on times disk I/O is heavily used by other machines. So, simply put: Is there a way to avoid filesystem cache being wiped out by other virtual machines in container-based virtualization? Some thoughts: Choosing algorithm for flushing filesystem cache in the kernel. (possible? how?) Reserving a certain amount of pages for a single VM. (seems no option for filesystem cache type of pages that reading man vzctl) Will running MySQL on another filesystem get me anywhere? If not, I think my alternatives are: Use KVM for MySQL-MyISAM running VMs. KVM actually assigns memory to the VM and does not allow swapping out caches unless using a balloon driver. Move to InnoDB and tune the buffer pools, dirty pages, etc. This is now considered to be 'nice to have' on the long-term as not everyone responsible for administration of the system understands InnoDB. more suggestions welcome. System software: Proxmox (now 1.9, could be upgraded to 2.x). One big LV assigned for the VMs.

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  • RHEL6 kick start fails with kernel panic - not syncing error

    - by mrchampe
    On a brand new (just unboxed) Dell Precision 7500 computer, I began a kickstart using a red hat boot disk and a kickstart file hosted at an http address. There is a picture of the full error below with trace information I believe this is different than the other questions relating to kernel panic errors. What I would like to know is What causes the kernel panic How does one fix this such that the kickstart finishes Additional information can be provided as necessary.

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  • How to set up a file server in a restricted corporate environment

    - by Emilio M Bumachar
    I work in a big corporation, and the disk space my team gets in the corporate file server is so low, I am considering turning my work PC into a file server. I ask this community for links to tutorials, software suggestions, and advice in general about how to set it up. My machine is an Intel Core2Duo E7500 @ 3GHz, 3 GB of RAM, Running Windows XP Service Pack 3. Upgrading, formatting or installing another OS is out of the question. But I do have Administrator priviledges on the PC, and I can install programs (at least for now). A lot of security software I don't even know about is and must remain installed. But I only need communication whithin the corporate network, which is not restricted. People have usernames (logins) on the corporate network, and I need to use them to restrict access. Simply put, I have a list of logins of team members, and only people in the list should access the files. I have about 150 GB of free disk space. I'm thinking of allocating 100 GB to the team's shared files. I plan monthly backups on machines of co-workers, same configuration. But automation of backups is a nice, unnecessary feature: it's totally acceptable for me to manually copy the contents to a different machine once a month. Uptime is important, as everyone would use these files in their daily work. I have experience as a python and C programmer, but no experience whatsoever as a sysadmin, and almost nothing of my programming experience is network programming. I'm a complete beginner in this. Thanks in advance for any help. EDIT I honestly appreciate all the warnings, I really do, but what I plan to make available is mostly stuff that now is solely on DVDs just for space reasons. It's 'daily work' to read them, but 'daily work write' files will remain on the corporate server. As for the importance of uptime, I think I overstated it: a few outages are OK, it's already an improvement over getting the DVDs. As for policy, my manager is kind of on my side, I will confirm that before making my move. As for getting more space through the proper channels, well, that was Plan A, and it's still on the table... But I don't have much hope. I'm not as "core businees" as I'd like.

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