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  • Why do "ls" in UNIX and "dir" in DOS have different names?

    - by bizso09
    Why do they have different names for the same command, listing a directory? Surely, they could have talked to each other and agreed on one common name, such as for example cd which is the same for both unix and dos. This decision to have different names has created many headaches for developers and users and also increased incompatibility between the two systems. Did they do it on purpose? Then how come "cd" is the same?

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  • Any way to program a system which automatically restores home / sql database

    - by Mirage
    I have made two shell scripts Script 1: It does all Home directory backups with name username_home_date.tar.gz Script 2: It does SQL backups of all sites every 3 hrs. username_databse_date.sql.gz Now currently if I want to restore the site, I have to copy the tar file to /home/username and then untar there with all the permissions as well and then manually import the database. Is there any way (for instance a program, system or script) that I can just select which backup I want to restore and do automatically? Maybe like a cPanel addon thing.

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  • Mounted HDD not having enough permissions from Apache/PHP

    - by Dan
    Piwigo gallery, on apache and php, CentOS 6. The root system is a RAID 128GB. /var/www/html is on the root file system. Mounted the 320GB hdd to /var/www/html/320 using defaults, it's an ext4 fs. Put a symlink to it in /var/www/html/galleries which is read by the gallery script so I can upload images to there, then click sync. It gives me the error: [./galleries/] PWG-ERROR-NO-FS (File/directory read error) PWG-ERROR-NO-FS: The file or directory cannot be accessed (either it does not exist or the access is denied) chmod 777 set on /dev/sdb1, /var/www/html, and /var/www/html/320 as well as the symlink galleries too. All recursive. chown apache:apache to everything too. PHP just can't read/write to it. I tried with and without the symlink, I've tried everything I can think of. Nothing. Any ideas how I can give apache/php permission to read/write to this drive? With 777 permissions all around it should already be able to.

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  • Clear OS always showing "Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec"

    - by Blue Gene
    Have been trying to install clear os addon but nothing is working as i am facing this error on every mirror in the .repo file. Yum install squid http://mirror2-dallas.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirror2-dallas.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror2-dc.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror2-dc.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror1.timburgess.net/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror1.timburgess.net/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror2-houston.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror2-houston.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror3-toronto.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror3-toronto.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror2-dallas.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror2-dallas.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'O*peration too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds'*) Trying other mirror. mirror2-dc.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror2-dc.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror1.timburgess.net/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror1.timburgess.net/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. mirror3-toronto.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on mirror3-toronto.clearsdn.com/clearos/core/6/x86_64/repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. Error: failure: repodata/primary.sqlite.bz2 from clearos-core: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try. How can i fix this.i am able to access repo through web,and it seems nothing wrong with the repo.Where can be the problem. Tried yum clean all but it also didnt help. Is there a way to fix it as i am not able to install any package in it.

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  • Re-sync deleted files from rsync

    - by hfranco
    I need to recover files that have been deleted. My scenario: I have a rsync script that runs at 9PM and mirrors everything from server1 directory to another directory on backup server2. A couple of files have been accidentally deleted from server1. How do I recover those files from server1 with rsync?

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  • How to correctly set up iWARP? Preferably on loopback

    - by ajdecon
    iWARP is a protocol for doing remote direct memory access (RDMA) on top of TCP/IP, so that it can work with Ethernet and other network types as opposed to Infiniband. It works with many of the standard IB interfaces - the IB verbs, for example - so it's all pretty transparent. I'm doing some IB-verbs programming (mostly for the sake of learning about how they work better), and it'd be wonderfully convenient for me if I could use iWARP to do RDMA over my loopback interface, so that I could test some of my code without getting on our IB-connected cluster. :-) But I cannot figure out how to get a "local development environment" set up: there are no tutorials I'm aware of for even setting up iWARP from scratch on a server or a network interface. Can anyone give me a tutorial or point me in the right direction? Environment is Fedora 16 running in VirtualBox.

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  • Mounting both /dev/sda and /dev/sda1 - how can this be?

    - by itsadok
    I work on an Amazon EC2 instance that somebody else set up. We have an EBS volume mounted on /dev/sda, even though the root device is already on /dev/sda1, and we're also using `/dev/sda2' user@server:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) ... (snip) /dev/sda2 on /mnt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda on /vol type xfs (rw,noatime) ... This doesn't seem to fit with what I know about the way /dev/ works. How is this possible, and more importantly: will this cause trouble in the future? I'm running ubuntu 9.04 jaunty.

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  • Auto-rotate rotated images with mogrify

    - by Frank Presencia Fandos
    Some of my images have been taken rotated but kept this data. The problem is that, when using mogrify to convert them from JPG to png, that data seems to dissapear. For showing this problem, I think the best is to show the script and an screenshot. Script with the code. Put it in a text file, give it execution permission, double click, run (from terminal if you wish) and wait a while. All the JPGs in that folder will be converted to png. #! /bin/bash echo "Converting JPG to png. Please don't close this window." mogrify -alpha on -format png *.JPG mogrify -alpha on -format -alpha on png *.jpg It works great and adds an alpha channel. This is personally useful when I edit them later, not to add the channel individually. Now the screenshot that illustrates the problem: As you can see, the original ones' (JPGs) preview is right, the modified preview is wrong, the Shotwell rendering is right and the GIMP edit is wrong and didn't even say the image was rotated, as it uses to do with other images. How can I edit my script to preserve the orientation?

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  • openvpn problem

    - by Jared Voronik
    I have a problem with openvpn. I have already setup openvpn sucessfully on some other servers in the past (basic configuration, nothing special). On this server, I used the same config file, but for setting up nat iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.4.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE doesn't work. It gives error: iptables v1.3.5: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. How do I fix this error? Also, if I can't fix this error, can I do bridging instead of routing? I have only 1 interface, and I can connect to remote server only via ssh (and need to avoid reboots if at all possible) so if briding means a whole ethernet card has to be devoted to the openvpn (and no other servers) then briding is out, otherwise I can use briding. Do you know of a simple, step by step guide to configure openvpn briding (just simple openvpn server and clients that can access internet through vpn server, nothing fancy)?

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  • Debian: Firefox or Iceweasel default printer for POS station

    - by Bubnoff
    Context Using Debian 6.04 "Squeeze" as POS station. There are two printers installed: Network printer and a receipt printer It absolutely must be able to print by default to the receipt printer on a certain website though the system default is a network printer. In Debian ...it doesn't. Problem I've set up XP, 7, Ubuntu and even Mac OSX this way, so I'm no stranger to setting Firefox up this way ...same Iceweasel/Firefox settings ...complete fail. Always uses system default no matter what the settings, or, which printer you print from. To get this to work on other systems you do this: Print a page in Firefox using desired printer. Ensure print.save_settings is true. Firefox remembers last printer used Set print.always_print_silent = true The end. This works on every OS I've set up ....except Firefox and Iceweasel in Debian. My only recourse seems to be to set the receipt printer as default or go back to bloaty Ubuntu/Mint ...etc.

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  • Should tripwire be entering /proc?

    - by dsadinoff
    When initializing the db with tripwire --init it spat out a bunch of errors pertaining to /proc: ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: Duplicate object encountered. ### /proc/sys/net/ipv6/neigh This feels like noise. The twpol.txt file has the following clause: # # Critical devices # ( rulename = "Devices & Kernel information", severity = $(SIG_HI), ) { /dev -> $(Device) ; /proc -> $(Device) ; } Which, if I understand it right, is going to cause tripwire to care deeply about the entire contents of /proc. Shouldn't it just care about the static parts of /proc like the drivers and such, and not the per-pid stuff? Why does it ship like this?

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  • Debian Testing installs Iceweasel ESR (severely outdated)?

    - by Lucas Phillips
    I just reinstalled Debian Testing, and for some reason, instead of Iceweasel 25, I have 17. The installed and candidate versions are both 17.0.9esr-1~deb7u1. apt-get update && apt-get upgrade does nothing, and it seems that version 17 is the latest for this install. I was on Debian Testing before, and Iceweasel was at the latest version. Even Debian Stable had an Iceweasel version 20. Why would it be trying to install ESR now?

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  • Can't access individual samba shares

    - by Richard Maddis
    I've just installed CentOS and I'm configuring Samba. I have a share with the following in the smb.conf file: [storage] comment = Main storage for all use path = /share public = yes browseable = yes writable = yes printable = no write list = bob root create mask = 0775 guest ok = yes available = yes In Windows Explorer, I can reach the page listing all the shares on the server, but I click on the shares themselves, I get an error saying that the folder cannot be found. I have verified that the folder /share exists and I've also given it 777 permissions so it cannot be due to permissions. What is causing this? I can post more config files if necessary.

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  • Where to download unix command?

    - by person
    I tried to run mvdir earlier and it said command not found. I then ran a search for it and still not found. Is there a place I can download the script for the command, and is there any information I should know post-download to get it to work?

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  • Graphic driver for Targa Now NT9231

    - by Lumio
    I thought of installing Xubuntu on my elder Targa Now nettop and didn't think about the driver option. So now I'm here with a fresh Xubuntu installation and looking for graphic drivers. I found someone who might have had a "good" result with SiS - and the package is already installed, but I can't get my xorg.conf right. This is how my xorg.conf looks like right now: Section "Device" Identifier "Configured Video Device" Driver "sis" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Screen 0" Modeline "1024x768_60.00" 64.11 1024 1080 1184 1344 768 769 772 795 -HSync +Vsync #HorizSync 30.0-62.0 #VertRefresh 50.0-70.0 EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Default Screen" Monitor "Configured Monitor" Device "Configured Video Device" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" "800x600" EndSubSection EndSection Thanks for every help given!

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  • soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 11s! error with Xen virtual machines

    - by Arun
    Getting a kernel panic with this error on my XEN VPS's. (all on 8.04 LTS) The kernel version on my Dom-0 is 2.6.24-25-xen and the kernel version on the Xen VPS is also 2.6.24-25-xen. I read something about disabling APIC from here http://muffinresearch.co.uk/archives/2008/08/20/ubuntu-bug-soft-lockup-cpu0-stuck-for-11s/ but that doesn't seem to help as well. Anyone experienced this and are there any workarounds? Thanks in advance!

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  • My DNS works! But, what is the simplest way to add something to it?

    - by Alex
    This is my current DNS example.com.db zone file. I followed a tutorial. It works, because when I point to this DNS from another server via resolve.conf, it will actually forward me to the right IP when I do "ping example.com". ; ; BIND data file for example.com ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA example.com. info.example.com. ( 2007011501 ; Serial 7200 ; Refresh 120 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800) ; Default TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.example.com. @ IN NS ns2.example.com. example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com. example.com. IN A 192.168.254.1 www IN CNAME example.com. mail IN A 192.168.254.1 ftp IN CNAME example.com. example.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:192.168.254.1 a mx ~all" mail IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all" Right now, ping example.com....goes to 192.168.254.1. That's great!!! it works! My question is--how can I add something do this file so that when my other servers: ping dbserver1....goes to 44.245.66.222 ping cacheserver1 ....goes to 38.221.44.555 I want to use it like a universal hosts file for my machines.

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  • How to add delay in autologin

    - by raj
    I enabled autologin in my system (CentOS 6.2) for that I edited this file /etc/gdm/custom.conf In that I entered this code [daemon] AutomaticLoginEnable=true AutomaticLogin=test Here test means one account name, for that account autologin is working but the problem is not possible to logout. That is because everytime while I logout it will go to gdm(graphical display manager) and there it Again checks for account test. It is available right so it will again login to same account. Here I want add delay, that means it should wait for sometime, If no one login to any other account, then only test account will log. how to add delay?

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  • TC hashing filters - single rule deletion

    - by exa
    For traffic shaping I'm currently using a setup that looks exactly like the setup from LARTC, on this page: http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I have a simple problem with that - everytime I want to modify something in the hash table (like assign a IP to different flowid), I need to delete the whole filter table and add it again filter by filter. (I actually don't do it by hand, I have a nice program that does it for me... but still...) There is a problem - I got roughly 10k filters allocated this way and deleting and refilling the whole filtertable can get pretty lengthy, which is not exactly good for traffic shaping. My program could easily manage to delete only the rules that need to be deleted (thus reducing the whole problem to several commands and miliseconds), but I simply don't know the command that deletes only the one hashing rule. My tc filter show: filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2: ht divisor 256 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:a:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt a flowid 1:101 match 0a0a0a0a/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 2:c:800 order 2048 key ht 2 bkt c flowid 1:102 match 0a0a0a0c/ffffffff at 16 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1 filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 1 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 link 2: match 00000000/00000000 at 16 hash mask 000000ff at 16 The wish: 'tc filter del ...' command that removes only one specific filter (for example the 0a0a0a0a IP match (IP address 10.10.10.10)). Removal of some small subgroup would also be good - for example I could still recreate a bucket (bkt a) pretty fast. My attempts: I tried to number all the filters using prio, but with no help -- they just create something unusuable (but deletable) below, but the bucketed filters remain there after that gets deleted. Any ideas? edit - I'm adding a simplified tl;dr description of the problem: I created hash filter on some interfce just like in this http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.adv-filter.hashing.html I want to find a command that deletes one rule (e.g. 1.2.1.123) from the table, leaving the rest untouched and working.

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  • IPtables rate-limit, What are the differences between modules? Recent, Limit

    - by TechZilla
    I am doing some rate-limiting with IPtables, and i'm not sure if I should use "Recent" or "Limit" What are the differences between the two? If they both achieve the same result, which one has better performance? I would like to know, regardless if any difference would be perceivable. I am looking to ACCEPT if under limit, and REJECT if over. I'm not interested in thus bandwidth throttling, I don't want a queue. I don't need any syntax examples, both have ample use examples online. I have also used Limit in the past. I appreciate any responses.

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  • How to get password prompt from scp when launched remotely via ssh

    - by Zek
    When I ssh to a remote system and execute scp, I do not get a password prompt: # ssh 192.168.1.32 "scp joe\@192.168.1.31:/etc/hosts /tmp" Permission denied, please try again. Permission denied, please try again. Permission denied (publickey,password,keyboard-interactive). If I break it up like this, it works fine: # ssh 192.168.1.32 # scp joe\@192.168.1.31:/etc/hosts /tmp [email protected]'s password: How can I make it prompt me for the password in the first example above? Note: No, I cannot use key-based authentication for this.

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