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• How can I get the comment of the current authorized_keys ssh key ?

  - by krosenvold

  Edit: What I really need to know WHICH ssh key from authorized_keys has been used to identify the currently logged on user. According to "man sshd": Protocol 2 public key consist of options, keytype, base64-encoded key, comment. I see that when I use ssh-keygen, the comment is usually the local identity of the user. Is there any way to access this value when I'm on the remote computer ? (Kind of like the SSH_CLIENT shell variable) (Assuming I enforce the comment to be a remote identity of some sort, I would like to log this from a shell-script! This is on ubuntu)

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• Why are no application folders being created in home folder?

  - by person

  For example, when I do something like... sudo apt-get install vim No .vim folder is created in the home folder.

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• Restarting services shortcut on FreeBSD

  - by eugene y

  I want to start/stop services from /usr/local/etc/rc.d in the RHEL way, e.g. service apache restart service mysql restart How can I set this up on FreeBSD?

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• Howto setup a `veth` virtual network

  - by Reinder

  I'd like to setup three virtual network interfaces (veth) which can communicate with each other. To simulate a three node cluster, each program then binds to one veth interface. I'd like to do it without LXC if possible. I tried using: Created three veth pairs: sudo ip link add type veth Created a bridge sudo brctl addbr br0 Added one of each pair to the bridge: sudo brctl addif br0 veth1 sudo brctl addif br0 veth3 sudo brctl addif br0 veth5 Configured the interfaces: sudo ifconfig veth0 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 up sudo ifconfig veth2 10.0.0.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 up sudo ifconfig veth4 10.0.0.203 netmask 255.255.255.0 up Then I verified if is works using: ping -I veth0 10.0.0.202 but it doesn't :( The I added IP addresses to the veth1,veth3,veth5 and br0 interfaces in the 10.0.1.x/24 range. But that doesn't help. Any ideas? or a guide, all I find in how to use it with LXC. Or am I trying something that isn't possible?

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• What's the best way to forward traffic on a specific port to another machine?

  - by Ankit

  The setup I have is this: [client01] <-A-> [server01] <-B-> [server02] client01 can access port 9300 on server01 (connection A). server01 can access port 9300 on server02 (connection B). What's the best way to make all traffic on port 9300 to server01 go to port 9300 on server02? I can successfully do this with an ssh tunnel from client01 to server01 to server02, but I don't want to have to run ssh on client01. When I ssh from server01 to server02 forwarding port 9300 (ssh -g -L9300:localhost:9300 server02 on server01), it doesn't work -- am I using the wrong command?

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• Using u32 together with extension headers (how to jump over them?)

  - by bortzmeyer

  I'm trying to filter on some parts of the payload, for an IPv6 packet with extension headers (for instance Destination Options). ip6tables works fine with conditions like --proto udp or --dport 109, even when the packet has extension headers. Netfilter clearly knows how to jump over Destination Options to find the UDP header. Now, I would like to use the u32 module to match a byte in the payload (say "I want the third byte of the payload to be 42). If the packet has no extension headers something like --u32 "48&0x0000ff00=0x2800"` (48 = 40 bytes for the IPv6 header + 8 for the UDP header) works fine, If the packet has a Destination Options, it no longer matches. I would like to write a rule that will work whether the packet has Destination Options or not. I do not find a way to tell Netfilter to parse until the UDP header (something that it is able to do, otherwise --dport 109 would not work) then to leave u32 parse the rest. I'm looking for a simple way, otherwise, as BatchyX mentions, I could write a kernel module doing what I want.

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• How do I upgrade to PHP 5.4 in CentOS 6.3 with yum?

  - by Vicary

  I found some blog posts about this, but it's rather lack of descriptions on possible side effects. I could really use some detailed on these steps: How to add a repo that provides PHP 5.4 into yum Can this seamlessly replaces the current PHP version in CentOS? How can I switch back to the official repo when it supports PHP 5.4? (current 5.3.3 in my system) Will there be any potential to break PHP modules I currently using?

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• What is the best time to set the IP address for a server headed to a server colocation facility?

  - by jim_m_somewhere

  What is the best time to set the IP address for a server? I have a server that I am going to install the OS on and then I am going to send it to a server colocation facility. The server is going to have Internet facing services (www, email, etc.) I can set up a "fake" IP address during install (by fake I mean private as in RFC 1918) and change the "fake" IPs to the real IPs once I set up the colocation service. The other option is to set up the colocation service...wait for them to give me the "real" IPs and use them during the OS install. The ramification are that...if I use "fake" IPs during install...I will have to wait before I set up things like SSL certs. If I wait for IPs from the colocation provider...then I can set up SSL certs that use the "correct" (as in "real") IP addresses...no changes to the certs until they expire. Do the "gotchas" of changing an IP address on a server outweigh the benefits of a quick install? The other danger with using "fake" IPs is that I could make a mistake when I go through the various files to change the IP address to the "live" IP address. Server OS: CentOS 6.2 or CentOS 6.3, 64 bit. Apps: Apache 2.4.X httpd, MySQL 5.X (will eventually use replication)

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• Proper way to configure ~/.Xsession with a standalone window manager to gracefully end a session

  - by cYrus

  I'm using xdm and my ~/.Xsession looks like this: # <initialization stuff here> exec openbox It works, but I've noticed that when I log out Openbox doesn't gracefully kill all the applications. In particular Google Chrome complains about that. How can I make sure to wait for all processes to exit (just like others configurations: Gnome, KDE, Windows ...)? The only (ugly) solution that I've found involves sleep and kill into ~/.Xsession.

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• Howto detect fake RAM

  - by Michael

  I just bought a virtual server which should have 2GB of RAM. Now i got a server with 4gb which looks very strange to me. I think it is just a virtual RAM. dmidecode only ouputs /dev/mem: Operation not permitted How can i check if it's a real RAM or just a virtual one? free -m outputs: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4093 364 3728 0 0 346 -/+ buffers/cache: 18 4074 Swap: 0 0 0 Output from cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 137: kmemsize 8922287 10194944 2145910784 2145910784 0 lockedpages 0 0 523904 523904 0 privvmpages 13387 59112 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 shmpages 769 785 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 22 54 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 physpages 93377 106010 0 1047808 0 vmguarpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 oomguarpages 2471 2473 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numtcpsock 5 21 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numflock 4 13 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numpty 1 1 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numsiginfo 0 39 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcpsndbuf 102592 381632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcprcvbuf 81920 4820184 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 othersockbuf 4624 61632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 9248 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numothersock 39 56 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dcachesize 4178917 4232732 1072955392 1072955392 0 numfile 378 535 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numiptent 24 24 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0

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• How to write more than one line in a launcher

  - by seraex

  How can I run three commands in a launcher? My commands are cd /home/seraex/MyDoc rm MyDoc.tgz tar cfz MyDoc.tgz * which will go to my documents folder and delete old backup and make a new backup. At the moment I make a text file and then make a launcher and point it to the file, but I want to delete the file and make the launcher run the commands directly. I'm using ubuntu 10.10 ' ubuntu site says 'Unfortunately launchers do not have access to the Bash environment so you cannot just include the multi commands' when i ggole chaining in launchers. thanks, admin may delete the question '

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• unix screen logging change filename to window name

  - by zack

  I know its possible to change the name of the logfile with "set filename" I'd like to have screen write its log files to the name of the window. how can I accomplish this ?

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• Linux 3.7 sort en version stable : support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6

  Linux 3.7 sort en version stable support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6 Près de deux mois après la sortie du noyau Linux 3.6, Linus Torvalds, annonce la publication de la version stable de Linux 3.7, avec un nombre important de nouvelles fonctionnalités. La nouveauté vedette de cette mouture est sans aucun doute la proposition d'une version unique du Kernel capable de prendre en charge plusieurs architectures ARM. Bien que le support de toutes les plateformes ARM du marché ne soit pas complet, Linux 3.7 est compatible avec les plateformes populaires comme les processeurs Calxeda's Higbank ARM utilisés dans les serveurs Moo...

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• Client unable to reach Internet through OpenVPN

  - by Carroarmato0

  The clients can all connect through OpenVPN. OpenVPN serves the following pool: server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 I've configured the server's iptable with the following rule: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE and echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward This used to work back on the old vps I used. Now I've migrated to a vps which has ipv6 connectivity. Is it possible that Ipv6 has something to do with the fact that the clients can't reach the internet?

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• Screen a running process

  - by LiraNuna

  Sometimes I forget to run a program under a screen session and can't stop it in the middle, and I know it's going to take long. Is there a way to screen an already running process without restarting it?

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• mdadm raid1 fails to resync

  - by JuanD

  Hello, I'm trying to solve this problem I'm having with an mdadm raid1. I have an ubuntu 9.04 server running on a software 2-drive raid1 with mdadm. Yesterday, one of the drives failed, and so I replaced it with a brand new drive of the same size. I removed the faulty drive, copied the partition from the remaining good drive to the new drive and then added it to the raid. It re-synced and the system worked fine, until the drive that hadn't failed, was also labeled failed. Now I had the raid running solely on the new drive. So I purchased another drive and repeated the procedure above. So now I had 2 brand new drives and the raid was syncing. However, after a few minutes I checked /proc/mdstat and the raid was no longer syncing. mdadm --detail /dev/md1 shows: (sdb is the first new drive, and sdc is the second new drive) root@dola:/home/jjaramillo# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Sat Dec 20 00:42:05 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Used Dev Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Jun 2 10:09:35 2010 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : bba497c6:5029ba0b:bfa4f887:c0dc8f3d Events : 0.5395594 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 35 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc3 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 I've tried removing and re-adding the drive a few times, but the same thing happens. The raid fails to resync. I've looked at /var/log/messages, and found the following: Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917337] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917339] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917346] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917348] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917357] 00 43 9e 47 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917360] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed So it looks like there's some kind of error on sdb (the first new drive). My question is, what would be the best approach to get the raid up and running again? I've thought about dd'ing the /dev/md1 to a blank hard drive, then re-doing the raid from scratch and loading the data back, but there could be an easier solution.. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Can I get the version number of tar used to create a specific tar file?

  - by aXqd

  I need to know the version number of tar used to create a specific tar file. How can I do that?

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• SSH not working after installing SVN server on Debian

  - by sLIDe

  Today I had to install SVN server on my Debian server. I used this tutorial (only I didn't do anything to connect to SVN through file://, http:// or https://, only svn:// and svn+ssh://). After I installed SVN server and configured it after that tutorial, I tried to connect to it. I could connect to it using svn:// protocol, but when I tried to connect using svn+ssh:// protocol, my servers SSH stopped responding. Even after I stopped SVN server and restarted SSH server I can't connect to it.

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• Ignore Apache Default Server?

  - by Jakobud

  I run several vhosts on our Apache server. Whenever browse the server using either it's IP address or some other name that resolves to that address, but where a virtual host entry doesn't exist for that address I get the generic Apache test page: I want to change the server so I can specify a Virtual Host to see by default instead of the Apache Default Server page. I don't want to just modify the Default Server page either. I just need to be able to specify a Virtual Host to use instead. I added the following Virtual Host: <VirtualHost _default_:*> DocumentRoot /vhosts/default/public </VirtualHost> What I am reading is supposed to take priority over all other Virtual Hosts as the default. But this doesn't seem to take priority over the Apache Default Server/Host. What do I need to do here?

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• Screen Resolution only displaying 800x600 in xubunutu

  - by youeee

  I am running Sun Virtual box in a windows 7 64 bit machine. I have installed xubuntu 10.4 as a virtual machine, however I cannot seem to find an easy way of altering the screen resolution. I have looked around at forums however cannot seem to find an answer.

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• Continue process after closing terminal?

  - by Jakobud

  Recently, I tried to unzip a 30 gig zip file on a remote system using Putty. As the long unzipping process continued, I closed Putty, assuming that the process would just continue to run on the remote machine. When I came back later and logged back into the machine again, I realized that the process must have stopped only part way through when I closed Putty. I wasn't expecting that to happen. My question is, how do I prevent this problem? Can I somehow fire off a process in the background? Or should just setup a one time cronjob that will run the process for me?

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• I dont understand why [closed]

  - by gcc

  I dont understand why they vote down my question ,I couldont understand them -they do know nothing ,donot try to solve it-but they do vote down.If you do know nothing , dont fuck something or dont try to mess up

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• merge pieces of file together

  - by veilig

  I have a directory tree of files I need to loop through and reformat the lines. can I do this with sed with some combination of find? for each file, I'll need to adjust the text in the file from ... * @category Foo * @package Bar ... into just this (Remove the @category line, but prepend the value to the package annotation value) ... * @package Foo/Bar ... what is the most efficient way of doing this? its a few hundred files that will be modified.

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• How can I redirect HTTPS(S) traffic to anothr gateway?

  - by PsyStyle

  I have a network like 192.168.0.0/15 with the default gateway set to 192.168.0.1. Al the workstations of the network use this gateway for all kind of accesses to the Internet. Now I am testing a new Internet connection with another provider and for this I am using a second gateway on the same subnet with 192.168.0.2 as IP address. I want to redirect only HTTP and HTTPS traffic to this second gateway without touching the address of the default gateway set inside every workstation. How can I accomplish this task? What I have to change inside the first's gateway firewall configuration or routes? I tried with a dnat like DNAT loc:192.168.0.1 loc:192.168.0.2 tcp 80 but nothing worked. I use Shorewall for simplicity in configuration but I can understand even theorical answers which I will try to adapt to my case

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• How can Yum tell me the version of depencencies?

  - by BanksySan

  I've installed a package with Yum (Varnish 3.0.2). However, a feature I need has been removed so I need to roll back. According to the documentation, the feature was removed in 3.0-Beta, so I wanted to revert to the latest version prior to that. (This is 2.1.5) This is installed now, but there were three RPMs to install for it (from http://users.linpro.no/ingvar/varnish/2.1.5/2.1.5-1/el5/x86_64/). After some faffing about with missing dependencies these got installed. However, the feature I need is still not there. I'm wondering if one of the dependencies is actually from a newer build. Do you know how I can see the versions of all the dependencies of a Yum installed package?

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