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• How does communication between 2 computers in a single network happen?

  - by learner

  Lets say I and my friend connect our computers with a LAN cable. I ping my friend with his IP address. How does it work? Since we are in the same network, we don't even need IP addresses, do we? Isn't IP addressing only relevant in case of inter-network communication? What will the ping command do with his IP address? How will it eventually find his physical address (NIC address)? (no ARP here, because that would involve a router at the edge of the network, which doesn't apply here). Am I wrong somewhere?

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• Running nph-script.cgi keeps outputting Server details at the end

  - by wgewweg

  I am running a nph-script.cgi on my server. The server keeps adding HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 05 Nov 2009 02:28:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.8-1hardy~ppa1 with Suhosin-Patch mod_perl/2.0.3 Perl/v5.8.8 Content-Length: 0 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/plain X-Pad: avoid browser bug At the bottom of each page loaded via the .cgi script. why is this the case? How do I remove this annoying message that is appended to all pages ?

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• Does multi-platter hard-drive use all of their heads to read simultaneously?

  - by WiSaGaN

  Suppose we have a harddisk with 2 platters with characteristics below: Rotational rate: 10, 000 RPM Avg sectors/track: 1000 Surfaces: 4 Sector size: 512 bytes I was reading "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective 2ed" when I found that it calculates transfer time as if it only uses ONE head to read a sector. If that's the case, why not use 4 heads to write(read) on 4 surfaces? So when I write a 2K bytes file, each head should only need to wait for the platters to rotate just one sector length instead of 4, thus reducing the transfer time by a factor of 4. Or even redesign sector to make each sector on one cylinder but on 4 tracks residing same position respectively on 4 surfaces. Each one of (512/4) bytes. So when the hd needs to read a sector of 512 bytes, we only need the disk to rotate roughly 1/4 compare to original time. The idea looks like RAID 0.

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• How to Boot or "enter" into ubnutu 11.04 (Natty Narwhall) on PS3 after installing it?

  - by Xdm

  After failing to install ubuntu 11.04 Desktop version (burned on a dvd, because iso's file size was 726 Mb), in tried the alternate version (about 686 Mb) which i burned into a CD. During the installation process, i manually partitioned the hard drive using ext3. After the installation, the CD ejects itself and i hit "continue". In the k boot prompt i hit "enter" on my the keyboard. I see i welcome message in a dark background (a kind of full screen terminal/console called CLI i think) and was asked to enter my user name and password. After that, instead of booting into the beautiful desktop of Ubuntu, i saw this: ubuntu@my_name$ It was like a line of command i think, where you can use "sudo" commands. It is called a non-graphic mode i think. My my REAL problem is to enter Ubuntu 11.04 with the chocolate-colored background and the African music drum. I tried many commands to boot into the graphic mode of the system such as Ctr+Alt+F7 but nothing happened. In this case, i just saw numbers showing available blocks. I DON'T UNDERSTAND. I also tried startx and sudo startx without result. I DO bought a PS3 BOTH for gaming and for Ubuntu because i can't afford buying a PC. Please help me with my trouble dear Ubuntu 11.04 users. I am counting on you. All the best Xdm

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• How can I open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer?

  - by Daniel Daranas

  Is there an easy way to open a file as read-only from Windows Explorer? My inmediate interest is in a Microsoft Access file. I am doing some sanity checks in old MS Access databases and I see that their date is automatically updated when I open them. I don't like this, since it will look like all the old files have been modified today. I am working with Windows XP. Update: As Yoda said, "Do, or do not. There is no try." In my case, it was "do not". I ended up copying the entire (big) folder tree to MyDocuments, and then opening all the databases from there.

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• Open-sourcing a proprietary library without certain features

  - by nha

  I hope I'm in the right place to ask that. I have a question regarding the practice of open-sourcing a proprietary library that we built and use at work. The licence will probably be MIT. I like the idea, but here comes the unusual part : I have been tasked to remove some of the most advanced features. Those will remain on our servers, available as a service. We will open-source the (JavaScript in case it is of interest) library, along with a minimal associated server code. I am not asking a question about the technical problems (I imagine we will have to maintain and synchronize somehow different repositories, maybe with incompatible pull requests, but this for stack overflow). What I would like to know is: How that would be perceived by the community at large ? Does it risk killing the eventual interest in this library? I don't personally know of any library that works like that. I'm pretty sure it is possible however, but any evidence of such a library is welcome (successful if possible). That's also because I'd like to see how they present it. More importantly, what could be the rationale for/against it? I'm not sure I understand the consequences of doing it so.

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• Recommended design pattern for object with optional and modifiable attributtes? [on hold]

  - by Ikuzen

  I've been using the Builder pattern to create objects with a large number of attributes, where most of them are optional. But up until now, I've defined them as final, as recommended by Joshua Block and other authors, and haven't needed to change their values. I am wondering what should I do though if I need a class with a substantial number of optional but non-final (mutable) attributes? My Builder pattern code looks like this: public class Example { //All possible parameters (optional or not) private final int param1; private final int param2; //Builder class public static class Builder { private final int param1; //Required parameters private int param2 = 0; //Optional parameters - initialized to default //Builder constructor public Builder (int param1) { this.param1 = param1; } //Setter-like methods for optional parameters public Builder param2(int value) { param2 = value; return this; } //build() method public Example build() { return new Example(this); } } //Private constructor private Example(Builder builder) { param1 = builder.param1; param2 = builder.param2; } } Can I just remove the final keyword from the declaration to be able to access the attributes externally (through normal setters, for example)? Or is there a creational pattern that allows optional but non-final attributes that would be better suited in this case?

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• Optimal partition setup for Windows 7 on SSD

  - by Mike C.

  Hello, I'm setting up my system with Windows 7 right now, with knowledge that I am going to be getting a SSD in the future. What optimizations/setup should I do now to make a smoother transition in the future? Should I created two partitions - one for the OS and one for the data? Assuming this is the case, I would be able to easily ghost my OS partition onto the SSD in the future. If so, what should go on the OS drive besides the OS? Program files? If I install games or Visual Studio, should it go on the OS drive or the data drive? I can see the SSD filling up fast if I install all my program files on there. I've seen a few posts where people talk about leaving a portion of the SSD unformatted - is this something I should do? Thanks!

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• How to move a Windows instance to a different EC2 data centre?

  - by Darren Cook

  I've a Windows EC2 instance running in one region and need to move it to another region (Tokyo and Singapore in this case). Is that even possible? What potential problems do I need to watch out for? (I found http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2181849/ec2-instance-cloning which is describing how to do it, but appears to assume Linux instances, and to assume the same data centre. Is it possible to move my keys across to another region?) I tried something similar with a Windows instance a few months ago, just trying to clone it in the same data centre, but I couldn't get it working quickly, so I had to give up and just create a fresh instance at that time. This time I've got a bit of breathing space, and want to research how to do it properly! Root Device Type: ebs Block Devices: sda1 xvdf (both are ebs, "attached", and have Delete on termination set to "no"; sda1 is the root device) The AMI is described as "Unavailable" (then an ami number).

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• How can we add arch specific conflicts tag when building .deb package?

  - by Sphopale

  We are trying to build multi-arch supported i386 .deb package. There are two .deb packages build on i386 X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. We similarly have binaries on xa64 arch. Again on xa64, there are two .deb packages X1 & X2 (X2 is a subset of X1 binaries). X1 <- X2 conflict each other when installing . Only one .deb package can be installed at any instance. In case of multi-arch i386 .deb package,i386 .deb packages (X1 & X2) can be installed on xa64 along side with 64bit (X1 & X2) However I see that when installing X1:i386 & X1:amd64 can co-exist However, it throws conflict error when trying to install X1:i386 & X2:amd64 In short, Can we mark package to conflict based on arch Conflict: X2:i386 X1:i386 package should only conflict with X2:i386 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:amd64 package should only conflict with X2:amd64 & allow other packages to co-exist X1:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 X2:i386 can co-exist with X1:amd64 OR X2:amd64 Thanks for your reply

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• In mysql I want to set lower_case_table_names=1 on existing databases to avoid cases-sensitivity issues accross multiple platforms

  - by sakhunzai

  In mysql I want to set lower_case_table_names=1 on existing databases to avoid cases-sensitivity issues accross multiple platforms. A) What are the risks ?( besides show table issue) B) After setting lower_case_table_names=1, will I be in position to query databases across multiple platforms consistantly ? select * from USERS == select * from users; C) How the triggers + stored procedure + functions + views + events will be affected in this regards. I know lower_case_table_names is only for "TABLE" names but how about triggers other database objects . Will they remain case-insensitive How about views ? D) Do I need to rename all tables before/after this configuration setting or this will do the miracle in one step (i.e lower_case_table_names=1 neutralize table names) ? E) What will be the exact steps WRT:mysqd / my.ini ?

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• What are the pros & cons of these MySQL engines for OLTP -- XtraDB, PBXT, or TokuDB?

  - by Continuation

  I'm working on a social website with an approximate read/write split of 90/10. Trying to decide on a MySQL engine. The ones I'm interested in are: XtraDB PBXT TokuDB What are the pros and cons of them for my use case? A few specific questions: PBXT uses log-based structure that avoids double-writes. It sounds very elegant, but the benchmark I've seen doesn't show any/much advantages over XtraDB. Do you have any experience with PBXT/XtraDB you can share? TokuDB sounds VERY interesting. But all the benchmarks I've seen are about single-threaded bulk inserts - inserting 100M rows for example. that's not very relevant for OLTP. What about its performance with large number of concurrent threads writing and reading at the same time? Anyone has tried that?

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• Use backups if unavailable (not just down)

  - by PriceChild

  Using haproxy, I want: A pool of 'main' servers and 'backup' servers, though they don't necessarily have to be in separate pools. Each backend has a low 'maxconn' (in this case 1) Clients should not wait in a queue. If there are no immediately available servers in the 'main' pool they should be shunted to the 'backup' pool without delay. Right now I have one backend, 'main' servers have an absurdly high weighting and it 'works'. acl use_backend + connslots is along the right lines but without the patch in my own answer it isn't perfect. Bonus points for not requiring a modified haproxy binary.

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• Is it safe to disable clamd?

  - by mk1000

  Clamd is taking up about 5% of my memory (2GB) on my dedicated server and I'm wondering if I can disable it without any security risks. The server just hosts a few of my own websites. For the most part, email received and sent is done through gmail (which connects to my pop3 accounts). The only other email use case is where one of my websites parses all emails and grabs attached images and the subject line. Would there be any security / risks of virus infection if I disable clamd?

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• Does Virtual Machines with Microsoft server 2003 with Host operating system Vista Home Premium suffer from Vista contraints?

  - by mokokamello

  Experts ! i have a machine with vista home premium and i wanted to share a folder with my colleagues unfortunately i vista allow only 10 concurrent connections to a shared folder one of my colleagues advised me to install a Virtual machine with windows server 2003 so that i will be able to share the folder with more than 1000 user. another colleague stated that the kind of virtual server does not matter, what matters is the host OS, in this case vista. so the folder will be shared by no more than 10 users. my Question is Does Virtual Machines with Microsoft server 2003 with Host operating system Vista Home Premium suffer from Vista contraints?

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• Running a script on startup before X starts in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Epcylon

  I have a script that I want to run at startup to switch X-configs depending on location, but I can't seem to find out where to put it in order to get it to run before X is started. This results in me having to restart X to get it to run the correct config. Currently, my script is located in /etc/init.d/whereami, with symlinks in /etc/rc[2-5].d/S25whereami. I was trying to find out when X is started, in case the problem is simply the 25, but I can't seem to find the answer... Any help is appreciated.

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• How can I rename files and subdirectories in a copied directory based on changes in the original?

  - by GaryF

  I have a directory structure with many hundreds of files and folders underneath it for organising files (in this case photos). I create backups of that directory structure by rsyncing it to identical copies on an external drives periodically. These drives may be offsite some of the time. I want to restructure and rename the files and directories in the original and then, later, when I have an external drive onsite, be able to run some tool that will cause these structural and naming changes to happen on the backup. If I just us rsync, it'll have to recopy much of the data to the backup drive, which I'd rather avoid due to the sizes involved. How can I get the changes I make to the original directory into the backups, as they become available, without having to recopy/rsync the data?

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• Prioritize file sharing capabilities in Windows Server 2008

  - by cmbrnt

  I've got a server running Windows Server 2008, and use it mainly for sharing files throughout the domain from a number of disks. It's running on VMware ESXi 4.0, in case that matters. My problem is that when I log in to the server to check user permissions etc, the access speed the files on the remote disks almost grinds to a halt. I havn't been able to measure the speeds, but I would guess it slows down to about 100kB/s as soon as I log in. This is on a gigabit network and the problems are equal for all users, even the ones connected to the same switch as the server. I've assigned 2 GB RAM to the server, and reserved it 1,5Ghz processor power. I don't have to do anything special on the server for this halt to occur. How can I make sure file sharing is prioritized on the server, so no matter what applications I'm using it will always make sure file sharing works properly? Could this be a VMware issue?

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• What is and what is not replicated in a glassfish cluster with a mod_jk load balancer?

  - by Navigateur

  I have a Glassfish (3.1.2) cluster over 2 computers as nodes, with a mod_jk load balancer. Are servlet instance variables replicated perfectly? If not, how do I make sure it is? Are all actions, including method calls and disk writes, replicated perfectly? If not, how do I make sure they are? These may seem like stupid questions, but I'm not seeking "load balancing" as much as I am seeking exact replication to enable future upgrading without any service interruption. How do I achieve this if it is not already the case?

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• Access boot menu from Windows 8 PC

  - by svnpenn

  I have a computer that came with Windows 8 preinstalled. I want to boot from a CD, in this case Hiren's Boot CD. However Windows 8 doesn't seem to like this. I have tried pressing F8, ESC, F12 and so on. I read online that Windows 8 can boot in 200ms, so that it might not even be possible to boot from a Live CD before Windows loads. I would like to know how to boot from a CD before Windows loads, if possible. If not possible, how to boot from the Live CD after Windows loads.

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• What makes Ubuntu awesome [closed]

  - by Shagun

  My question may sound stupid or inappropriate for this site in which case I apologize before hand. This thing has bothered me for quiet some time so please correct me if there is anything inappropriate: I have been using Ubuntu for past 1 year and I know how awesome it is and in what terms is it better than windows.But around 2 weeks ago some of my friends asked me to show them something on Ubuntu or tell something about Ubuntu that makes people prefer it over windows. I tried to convince them by telling things like its open-source, that most of the super-computers run on Linux, that its unaffected by virus and other stuff but they seemed unconvinced. Maybe what they we looking for was some mind-boggling feature which only Ubuntu (Linux) has. Since that day I have been thinking but yet don't have anything that will show them the true powers of Linux. Please suggest your response to such a situation as it troubles me that I am not able to explain them one thing that I myself believe in. Thank you. PS : I am not looking for a theoretical answer but would like to hear of one such application which it and only it provides.

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• What are the design principles that promote testable code? (designing testable code vs driving design through tests)

  - by bot

  Most of the projects that I work on consider development and unit testing in isolation which makes writing unit tests at a later instance a nightmare. My objective is to keep testing in mind during the high level and low level design phases itself. I want to know if there are any well defined design principles that promote testable code. One such principle that I have come to understand recently is Dependency Inversion through Dependency injection and Inversion of Control. I have read that there is something known as SOLID. I want to understand if following the SOLID principles indirectly results in code that is easily testable? If not, are there any well-defined design principles that promote testable code? I am aware that there is something known as Test Driven Development. Although, I am more interested in designing code with testing in mind during the design phase itself rather than driving design through tests. I hope this makes sense. One more question related to this topic is whether it's alright to re-factor an existing product/project and make changes to code and design for the purpose of being able to write a unit test case for each module?

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• I don't have a free PCI / PCI-e slot, can it be worked around?

  - by Borek

  I need to add a PCI(e) card to a nettop PC that is so small that the card won't fit there (and there is no external alternative like we're used to with external TV tuners). The only ports available are USB and eSATA, is it possible to somehow "dock" the PCI card into some device that would then connect to the PC via USB or eSATA? Or am I out of luck? (I don't mind the solution being visually ugly, I wouldn't even mind opening up the case and soldering some wires in, anything that would work would be great.)

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• Mac Terminal - Color Co-ordinated

  - by Biscuit128

  I would like to create a couple of short cuts on my iMac which ssh on to my dev box and on to my prod box. I would like my dev connection to use the settings something similar to home-brew (green text black background) and my prod connection to use red text black background) - How can this be configured so that this is possible. Would I need multiple bashrc files one for prod and one for dev and source individually? If this is the case, how can i get the profiles to be sources as soon as i double click the shortcuts? Thanks

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• Is it possible to alias a hostname in linux?

  - by user10178

  I am looking for the right answer to the above question. It has been asked by jmillikin at ubuntu forums as follows: Is it possible to create a hostname alias? Sort of like /etc/hosts, but with other hostnames rather than IP addresses. So that with some file like this, you could ping "fakehost1", and it would be re-mapped to "realhost", and then "realhost" would be resolved to an IP address. # Real host # Aliases realhost fakehost1 fakehost2 fakehost3 Somebody has answered about ssh. But not about ping, etc. My main purpose is to use it as an alias for svn server. In my case, realhost is under dynamic ip. So, "/etc/hosts" alias doesn't work. I want to access my svn server as svn://my_svnserver/my_repos instead of svn://realhost/my_repos. Thanks in advance for any advice.

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