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• OpenGL 2D Rasterization Sub-Pixel Translations

  - by Armin Ronacher

  I have a tile based 2D engine where the projection matrix is an orthographic view of the world without any scaling applied. Thus: one pixel texture is drawn on the screen in the same size. That all works well and looks nice but if the camera makes a sub-pixel movement small lines appear between the tiles. I can tell you in advance what does not fix the problem: GL_NEAREST texture interpolation GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE What does “fix” the problem is anchoring the camera to the nearest pixel instead of doing a sub-pixel translation. I can live with that, but the camera movement becomes jerky. Any ideas how to fix that problem without resorting to the rounding trick I do currently?

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• Adding 2D vector movement with rotation applied

  - by Michael Zehnich

  I am trying to apply a slight sine wave movement to objects that float around the screen to make them a little more interesting. I would like to apply this to the objects so that they oscillate from side to side, not front to back (so the oscillation does not affect their forward velocity). After reading various threads and tutorials, I have come to the conclusion that I need to create and add vectors, but I simply cannot come up with a solution that works. This is where I'm at right now, in the object's update method (updated based on comments): Vector2 oldPosition = new Vector2(spritePos.X, spritePos.Y); //note: newPosition is initially set in the constructor to spritePos.x/y Vector2 direction = newPosition - oldPosition; Vector2 perpendicular = new Vector2(direction.Y, -direction.X); perpendicular.Normalize(); sinePosAng += 0.1f; perpendicular.X += 2.5f * (float)Math.Sin(sinePosAng); spritePos.X += velocity * (float)Math.Cos(radians); spritePos.Y += velocity * (float)Math.Sin(radians); spritePos += perpendicular; newPosition = spritePos;

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• Algorithm to shoot at a target in a 3d game

  - by Sebastian Bugiu

  For those of you remembering Descent Freespace it had a nice feature to help you aim at the enemy when shooting non-homing missiles or lasers: it showed a crosshair in front of the ship you chased telling you where to shoot in order to hit the moving target. I tried using the answer from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4107403/ai-algorithm-to-shoot-at-a-target-in-a-2d-game?lq=1 but it's for 2D so I tried adapting it. I first decomposed the calculation to solve the intersection point for XoZ plane and saved the x and z coordinates and then solving the intersection point for XoY plane and adding the y coordinate to a final xyz that I then transformed to clipspace and put a texture at those coordinates. But of course it doesn't work as it should or else I wouldn't have posted the question. From what I notice the after finding x in XoZ plane and the in XoY the x is not the same so something must be wrong. float a = ENG_Math.sqr(targetVelocity.x) + ENG_Math.sqr(targetVelocity.y) - ENG_Math.sqr(projectileSpeed); float b = 2.0f * (targetVelocity.x * targetPos.x + targetVelocity.y * targetPos.y); float c = ENG_Math.sqr(targetPos.x) + ENG_Math.sqr(targetPos.y); ENG_Math.solveQuadraticEquation(a, b, c, collisionTime); First time targetVelocity.y is actually targetVelocity.z (the same for targetPos) and the second time it's actually targetVelocity.y. The final position after XoZ is crossPosition.set(minTime * finalEntityVelocity.x + finalTargetPos4D.x, 0.0f, minTime * finalEntityVelocity.z + finalTargetPos4D.z); and after XoY crossPosition.y = minTime * finalEntityVelocity.y + finalTargetPos4D.y; Is my approach of separating into 2 planes and calculating any good? Or for 3D there is a whole different approach? sqr() is square not sqrt - avoiding a confusion.

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• simple collision detection

  - by Rob

  Imagine 2 squares sitting side by side, both level with the ground: http://img19.imageshack.us/img19/8085/sqaures2.jpg A simple way to detect if one is hitting the other is to compare the location of each side. They are touching if ALL of the following are NOT true: The right square's left side is to the right of the left square's right side. The right square's right side is to the left of the left square's left side. The right square's bottom side is above the left square's top side. The right square's top side is below the left square's bottom side. If any of those are true, the squares are not touching. If all of those are false, the squares are touching. But consider a case like this, where one square is at a 45 degree angle: http://img189.imageshack.us/img189/4236/squaresb.jpg Is there an equally simple way to determine if those squares are touching?

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• How to mimic the same fixed-size horizon as in this racing game?

  - by Aybe

  I am trying to replicate the same horizon (buildings and sky) as in the image below: As you can see, the player has advanced in a straight line, yet the horizon has still the same size: This is my attempt using 3D, while it's okay when the player is on the start line: It's not so great when the player advanced as much as in the image no. 2: This is an overview of where the horizon buildings and sky are located: Obviously this won't achieve such effect when one is close to it, so I've tried to scale up the horizon on all axes but the problem is that the buildings are too small depending where you look at them from. How can one mimic such rendering ?

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• Assigning valid moves on board game

  - by Kunal4536

  I am making a board game in unity 4.3 2d similar to checkers. I have added an empty object to all the points where player can move and added a box collider to each empty object.I attached a click to move script to each player token. Now I want to assign valid moves. e.g. as shown in picture... Players can only move on vertex of each square.Player can only move to adjacent vertex.Thus it can only move from red spot to yellow and cannot move to blue spot.There is another condition which is : if there is the token of another player at the yellow spot then the player cannot move to that spot. Instead it will have to go from red to green spot. How can I find the valid moves of the player by scripting. I have another problem with click to move. When I click all the objects move to that position.But I only want to move a single token. So what can i add to script to select a specific object and then click to move the specific object.Here is my script for click to move. var obj:Transform; private var hitPoint : Vector3; private var move: boolean = false; private var startTime:float; var speed = 1; function Update () { if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Mouse0)) { var hit : RaycastHit; // no point storing this really var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay (Input.mousePosition); if (Physics.Raycast (ray, hit, 10000)) { hitPoint = hit.point; move = true; startTime = Time.time; } } if(move) { obj.position = Vector3.Lerp(obj.position, hitPoint, Time.deltaTime * speed); if(obj.position == hitPoint) { move = false; } } }`

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• What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm?

  - by momboco

  What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm? I've seen that the most easy form is go to one point and when the agent has reached this point, discard it and go to the next point. I think that this approach has problems when the game has physics with dynamic objects that can block the travel between point A and point B, then the agent is taken from his original trayectory and sometimes go to the last destiny point is not the most natural behavior. In the literature always I have read that the path is only a suggestion of where the agent has to go, but I don't know how this suggested path must be followed. Thanks.

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• How important is a single-player mode in a 2-player game?

  - by Davy8

  So say you have a 2 player game, taking Chess as an example (except it's an original game with no ready-to-go AI available). Let's say there's also a social-aspect to the meta-game, so let's say it's a Chess game on Facebook where you can challenge your friends. How important is it to have a single-player mode, knowing that an AI will need to be created (I've done minimax AI for tic tac toe, but nothing too sophisticated)? Is it important enough that it should be in the initial launch of the game? Can it wait for a future iteration (knowing that being hosted on the web means the game can be updated at any time)?

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• Rule of thumb for enemy design

  - by Terrance

  I'm at the early stages of developing a 2d side scrolling open ended platformer (think metroidvania) and am having a bit of difficulty at enemy design inspiration for something of a scifi, nature, fantasy setting that isn't overly familar or obvious. I haven't seen too many articles blogs or books that talk about the subject at great length. Is there a fair rule of thumb when coming up with enemy design with respect to keeping your player engaged?

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• Path tables or real time searching for AI?

  - by SirYakalot

  What is the more common practice in commercial games; path lookup tables or real time searches? I've read that in many games path lookup tables are pre-calculated and baked into each map, so to speak, then steering behaviour is used to handle dynamic obstacles. or is it better practice to use optimised hierarchical A* searches? I understand the pro's and cons of each, I'm just curious as to what is most often used in the industry.

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• Splitting a texture atlas into seperate images

  - by bigtunacan

  I'm doing a port of an existing game and the designer no longer has all of the original art; he only has the resulting texture atlases he used when developing for iPad. The tool I'm using won't support these files so I need to break them back out into separate PNG files. I'm hoping someone knows of a software tool that does this. PC software would be preferred in this case, but Mac would suffice.

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• SFX Played Once per Collision or Hit

  - by David Dimalanta

  I have a question about using Box2D (engine for LibGDX used to make realistic physics). I observed on the code that I've made for the physics here below: @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { // TODO Touch Up Event if(is_Next_Fruit_Touched) { BodyEditorLoader Fruit_Loader = new BodyEditorLoader(Gdx.files.internal("Shape_Physics/Fruity Physics.json")); Fruit_BD.type = BodyType.DynamicBody; Fruit_BD.position.set(x, y); FixtureDef Fruit_FD = new FixtureDef(); // --> Allows you to make the object's physics. Fruit_FD.density = 1.0f; Fruit_FD.friction = 0.7f; Fruit_FD.restitution = 0.2f; MassData mass = new MassData(); mass.mass = 5f; Fruit_Body[n] = world.createBody(Fruit_BD); Fruit_Body[n].setActive(true); // --> Let your dragon fall. Fruit_Body[n].setMassData(mass); Fruit_Body[n].setGravityScale(1.0f); System.out.println("Eggs... " + n); Fruit_Loader.attachFixture(Fruit_Body[n], Body, Fruit_FD, Fruit_IMG.getWidth()); Fruit_Origin = Fruit_Loader.getOrigin(Body, Fruit_IMG.getWidth()).cpy(); is_Next_Fruit_Touched = false; up = y; Gdx.app.log("Initial Y-coordinate", "Y at " + up); //Once it's touched, the next fruit will set to drag. if(n < 50) { n++; }else{ System.exit(0); } } return true; } Now, I'm thinking which part o line should I implement for the sound effects. My objectives to make SFX played once for every collision (Or should I say "SFX played once per collision"?) on the following: SFX played once if they hit on the objects of its kind. (e.g. apple vs. apple) SFX played once on a different sound when it hit on the ground. (e.g. apple land on the mud) Take note that I'm using Box2D for the Java programming version thanks to LibGDX via Box2D engine and I edited the physics body using Physics Body Editor before I implement it to code. I tried to check every available methods for body, fixture definition, or body definition to code for the SFX when hit but it seems only for the gravity and weight. Is there possibly available on the document for SFX played when collision happens if possible?

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• PHP city-sim castle layout

  - by Gert

  I am currently contemplating the layout system for my php based game but i've run into a couple of worries. So my idea is a 9X9 grid where the center 3X3 are inner castle. The inner castle will be 6X6 if you enter it(click on it). and with the option to expand the inner castle converting one of the 9X9 tiles to a 4X4 inner castle tile. So here is my question: What is the best way to tackle this type of layout? my original idea was a 18X18 grid and saving it in the db as (idCastle, Y, X) where X is a string of 18 numbers long telling me if the tile is an inner/outer tile or a inner/outer building. but i am not really fond of this idea and would like to hear some other ideas on how to tackle this. Thanks in Advance, Gert

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• C# Cursor stuck on busy state

  - by Ben

  So I implemented a fixed time step loop for my C# game. All it does at the moment is make a square bounce around the screen. The problem I'm having is that when I execute the program, the window doesn't allow me to close the program and the cursor is stuck on the busy icon. I have to go into visual studio and stop the program manually. Here's the loop at the moment public void run() { int updates = 0; int frames = 0; double msPerTick = 1000.0 / 60.0; double threshhold = 0; long lastTime = getCurrentTime(); long lastTimer = getCurrentTime(); while (true) { long currTime = getCurrentTime(); threshhold += (currTime - lastTime) / msPerTick; lastTime = currTime; while (threshhold >= 1) { update(); updates++; threshhold -= 1; } this.Refresh(); frames++; if ((getCurrentTime() - lastTimer) >= 1000) { this.Text = updates + " updates and " + frames + " frames per second"; updates = 0; frames = 0; lastTimer += 1000; } } }

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• When I shoot from a gun while walking, the bullet is off the center, but when stand still it's fine

  - by Vlad1k

  I am making a small project in Unity, and whenever I walk with the gun and shoot at the same time, the bullets seem to curve and shoot off 2-3 CMs from the center. When I stand still this doesn't happen. This is my main Javascript code: @script RequireComponent(AudioSource) var projectile : Rigidbody; var speed = 500; var ammo = 30; var fireRate = 0.1; private var nextFire = 0.0; function Update() { if(Input.GetButton ("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire) { if(ammo != 0) { nextFire = Time.time + fireRate; var clone = Instantiate(projectile, transform.position, transform.root.rotation); clone.velocity = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3 (0, 0, speed)); ammo = ammo - 1; audio.Play(); } else { } } } I assume that these two lines need to be tweaked: var clone = Instantiate(projectile, transform.position, transform.root.rotation); clone.velocity = transform.TransformDirection(Vector3 (0, 0, speed)); Thanks in advanced, and please remember that I just started Unity, and I might have a difficult time understanding some things. Thanks!

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• Which opcodes are faster at the CPU level?

  - by Geotarget

  In every programming language there are sets of opcodes that are recommended over others. I've tried to list them here, in order of speed. Bitwise Integer Addition / Subtraction Integer Multiplication / Division Comparison Control flow Float Addition / Subtraction Float Multiplication / Division Where you need high-performance code, C++ can be hand optimized in assembly, to use SIMD instructions or more efficient control flow, data types, etc. So I'm trying to understand if the data type (int32 / float32 / float64) or the operation used (*, +, &) affects performance at the CPU level. Is a single multiply slower on the CPU than an addition? In MCU theory you learn that speed of opcodes is determined by the number of CPU cycles it takes to execute. So does it mean that multiply takes 4 cycles and add takes 2? Exactly what are the speed characteristics of the basic math and control flow opcodes? If two opcodes take the same number of cycles to execute, then both can be used interchangeably without any performance gain / loss? Any other technical details you can share regarding x86 CPU performance is appreciated

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• UDK/ UnrealScript class interaction? HUD advice?

  - by Holly

  Beginner basics requested here, While i'm familiar with the basics of OOP programming i've just started looking as UnrealScript for a game i had made in the UDK editor up to now. I have a class that extends UTHUD and another that extends UDKPAWN. I have the pawn destroyed when its been shot 3 times and some basic helloworld text displaying in my HUD but i'm completely lost as to how one would get some sort of feedback between the two classes going on? What i would like to do to start off, is have some text that says something like "Amount of baddies killed: 0" Displayed on the HUD which would then increment each time the player destroyed one of my pawns. I'm sorry if this is an inappropriate question but i've never really worked within a framework like this before and wasn't sure where to go for help to get my footing. All advice appreciated!

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• exact point on a rotating sphere

  - by nkint

  I have a sphere that represents the Earth textured with real pictures. It's rotating around the x axis, and when user click down it has to show me the exact place he clicked on. For example if he clicked on Singapore the system should be able to: understand that user clicked on the sphere (OK, I'll do it with unProject) understand where user clicked on the sphere (ray-sphere collision?) and take into account the rotation transform sphere-coordinate to some coordinate system good for some web-api service ask to api (OK, this is the simpler thing for me ;-) some advice?

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• Dynamically load images inside jar

  - by Rahat Ahmed

  I'm using Slick2d for a game, and while it runs fine in Eclipse, i'm trying to figure out how to make it work when exported to a runnable .jar. I have it set up to where I load every image located in the res/ directory. Here's the code /** * Loads all .png images located in source folders. * @throws SlickException */ public static void init() throws SlickException { loadedImages = new HashMap<>(); try { URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); File[] files = new File(uri).listFiles(new FilenameFilter(){ @Override public boolean accept(File dir, String name) { if(name.endsWith(".png")) return true; return false; } }); System.out.println("Naming filenames now."); for(File f:files) { System.out.println(f.getName()); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f); Image image = new Image(fis, f.getName(), false); loadedImages.put(f.getName(), image); } } catch (URISyntaxException | FileNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("UNABLE TO LOAD IMAGES FROM RES FOLDER!"); e.printStackTrace(); } font = new AngelCodeFont("res/bitmapfont.fnt",Art.get("bitmapfont.png")); } Now the obvious problem is the line URI uri = new URI(ResourceLoader.getResource("res").toString()); If I pack the res folder into the .jar there will not be a res folder on the filesystem. How can I iterate through all the images in the compiled .jar itself, or what is a better system to automatically load all images?

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• Collision within a poly

  - by G1i1ch

  For an html5 engine I'm making, for speed I'm using a path poly. I'm having trouble trying to find ways to get collision with the walls of the poly. To make it simple I just have a vector for the object and an array of vectors for the poly. I'm using Cartesian vectors and they're 2d. Say poly = [[550,0],[169,523],[-444,323],[-444,-323],[169,-523]], it's just a pentagon I generated. The object that will collide is object, object.pos is it's position and object.vel is it's velocity. They're both 2d vectors too. I've had some success to get it to find a collision, but it's just black box code I ripped from a c++ example. It's very obscure inside and all it does though is return true/false and doesn't return what vertices are collided or collision point, I'd really like to be able to understand this and make my own so I can have more meaningful collision. I'll tackle that later though. Again the question is just how does one find a collision to walls of a poly given you know the poly vertices and the object's position + velocity? If more info is needed please let me know. And if all anyone can do is point me to the right direction that's great.

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• Beginner C# image loading woes - NullReferenceException

  - by Seth Taddiken

  I keep getting a "NullReferenceExeption was unhandled" with "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." written under it. I have all of the images (png) correct with names and added to references. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); backGround = Content.Load<Texture2D>("Cracked"); player1.playerBlock = Content.Load<Texture2D>("square"); player2.playerBlock = Content.Load<Texture2D>("square2"); }

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• scaling point sprites with distance

  - by Will

  How can you scale a point sprite by its distance from the camera? GLSL fragment shader: gl_PointSize = size / gl_Position.w; seems along the right tracks; for any given scene all sprites seem nicely scaled by distance. Is this correct? How do you compute the proper scaling for my vertex attribute size? I want each sprite to be scaled by the modelview matrix. I had played with arbitrary values and it seems that size is the radius in pixels at the camera, and is not in modelview scale. I've also tried: gl_Position = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex,1.0); vec4 v2 = pMatrix * mvMatrix * vec4(vertex.x,vertex.y+0.5*size,vertex.z,1.0); gl_PointSize = length(gl_Position.xyz-v2.xyz) * gl_Position.w; But this makes the sprites be bigger in the distance, rather than smaller:

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• Unity 3D - Error BCE0019 , " 'paused' is not a member of PauseScript"

  - by user3666251

  I am trying to make a game for Android in Unity. Came to the part where I have to make a pause menu option. Made a GUITexture and placed it on the top right side of the screen then I attached this script to it : #pragma strict function OnMouseDown(){ this.paused = !this.paused; } function OnGUI(){ if(this.paused){ if (GUI.Button(Rect(10,10,100,50),"Restart")){ Application.LoadLevel(Application.loadedLevel); } // Insert the rest of the pause menu logic } } It gives me this error : "Assets/Scripts/PauseScript.js(4,10): BCE0019: 'paused' is not a member of 'PauseScript'. " "PauseScript" is the name of my pause script. Thank you.

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• OpenGL ES, orthopgraphics projection and viewport

  - by DarkDeny

  I want to make some simple 2D game on iOS to familiarize myself with OpenGL ES. I started with Ray Wenderlich tutorial (How To Create A Simple 2D iPhone Game with OpenGL ES 2.0 and GLKit). That tutorial is quite good, but I miss some parts of a puzzle. Ray creates orthographic projection using some magic numbers like 480 and 320. It is not clear to me why did he take these numbers, and as far as I can see - sprite is not mapped to the ipad simulator screen one-to-one pixel. I tried to play with parameters with which ortho matrix is created, but I cannot figure out what math is here. How can I calculate numbers (bottom, top, left, right, close, far) which will be parameters to orthographic projection matrix creation and have sprite on the screen shown in its original size?

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• [JOGL] my program is too slow, ho can i profile with Eclipse?

  - by nkint

  hi juys my simple opengl program is really toooo slow and not fluid i'm rendering 30 sphere with simple illumination and simple material. the only hard(?) computing stuffs i do is a collision detection between ray-mouse and spheres (that works ok and i do it only in mouseMoved) i have no thread only animator to move spheres how can i profile my jogl project? or mayebe (most probable..) i have some opengl instruction that i don't understand and make render particular accurate (or back face rendering that i don't need or whatever i don't know exctly i'm just entered in opengl world)

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