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• Use puppet to make changes to ip route and sysctl

  - by Quintin Par

  I have two changes to ip route & sysctl that disable tcp slow start. Here’s how I do it ip route show Make a note of the line starting with default. Pick up the IP from the default line and run sudo ip route change default via $ip_address dev eth0 initcwnd 12 sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0 How can I create a puppet script out of this? One that can be deployed to many machines of the same type – CentOS 6 Edit: Added bounty to get a working example for sudo ip route change default via $ip_address dev eth0 initcwnd 12

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• Is Joerg Schilling’s “sdd” a full replacement for “dd”

  - by fishtoprecords

  I was directed to post here, I started on Stackoverflow.... I'm trying to use 'sdd' on my Debian system, and can't get one set of options to work. They do work in 'dd' so I am wondering if I am specifying them incorrectly, or if sdd didn't implement them, or something else. What I want to do is sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 conv=sync,noerror if I leave out the "conv=..." option, it works, or at least starts copying data. sdd if=/dev/hdh1 of=/bay5/imagebay1 bs=4096 Can you shed a bit of light?

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• How to get the CentOS 5.6 alsa drivers which will really work with one shot, without any internet.

  - by 89899.3K

  I have one chance to install this in my server on site. Server that i am running is CentOS 5.6 (Dell R310, RAID1) where i need to install alsa-sound driver so that anything related to audio recording from rtsp is working (rail station/rail passing video recording including audio, where audio is not working). Unfortunately i do not have any kind of internet in that odd none human location so yum will not work for me. I need a offline way to install alsa drivers including missing dependencies if arise. What and where i can download this to my usb or cd? so that i can successfully install it (like mission complete). Thanks

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• mdadm raid1 fails to resync

  - by JuanD

  Hello, I'm trying to solve this problem I'm having with an mdadm raid1. I have an ubuntu 9.04 server running on a software 2-drive raid1 with mdadm. Yesterday, one of the drives failed, and so I replaced it with a brand new drive of the same size. I removed the faulty drive, copied the partition from the remaining good drive to the new drive and then added it to the raid. It re-synced and the system worked fine, until the drive that hadn't failed, was also labeled failed. Now I had the raid running solely on the new drive. So I purchased another drive and repeated the procedure above. So now I had 2 brand new drives and the raid was syncing. However, after a few minutes I checked /proc/mdstat and the raid was no longer syncing. mdadm --detail /dev/md1 shows: (sdb is the first new drive, and sdc is the second new drive) root@dola:/home/jjaramillo# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Sat Dec 20 00:42:05 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Used Dev Size : 974711680 (929.56 GiB 998.10 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Wed Jun 2 10:09:35 2010 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : bba497c6:5029ba0b:bfa4f887:c0dc8f3d Events : 0.5395594 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 35 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc3 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 I've tried removing and re-adding the drive a few times, but the same thing happens. The raid fails to resync. I've looked at /var/log/messages, and found the following: Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917337] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917339] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917346] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917348] 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917357] 00 43 9e 47 Jun 2 07:57:36 dola kernel: [35708.917360] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed So it looks like there's some kind of error on sdb (the first new drive). My question is, what would be the best approach to get the raid up and running again? I've thought about dd'ing the /dev/md1 to a blank hard drive, then re-doing the raid from scratch and loading the data back, but there could be an easier solution.. Any help would be appreciated.

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• How can I create a video DVD with multiple titles from a single-titled DVD?

  - by KeyboardMonkey

  I have an unencrypted DVD that is one big title, ie you cannot skip next / prev. What I want to do is reauthor the DVD with title at certain points, so that I can skip next / prev when watching it. I'm using Ubuntu 8.10

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• Connection closed by remote host followed by Connection refused

  - by Khosrow

  All of a sudden my ssh connection to server has been damaged. Here is what's happened: $ ssh -vvv -p <PORT> -l <USER> <HOST> OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/khosrow/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to <HOST> [<IP>] port <PORT>. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/khosrow/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/khosrow/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/khosrow/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host I've recently updated the box with yum update and sshd got updated as well. I honestly don't know if this caused any damages or not. But it's prompted that /etc/ssh/sshd_config was stored as /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew which was quite normal. I've seen similar posts while googling, but almost all of them suggests that I should check /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny, which in my case, I can't. I can not connect to the box to see what's going on there. I rebooted the box, through web interface of server provider, and it even got worse. I'm now getting this: $ ssh -vvv -p <PORT> -l <USER> <HOST> OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7, OpenSSL 0.9.8k 25 Mar 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/khosrow/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to <HOST> [<IP>] <PORT>. debug1: connect to address <IP> port <PORT>: Connection refused ssh: connect to host <HOST> port <PORT>: Connection refused with both <CUSTOM_PORT> and default 22 ports. I would really appreciate if anyone could help me on this.

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• How to I configure a swap partition using swapspace

  - by jcalfee314

  I finally have the swapspace project installed and running (via init.d). The purpose is to have a dynamically re-sizing swap partition. I'm clueless however on how to use it. It has good documentation but just does not go into that last step. How to I configure a swap partition using swapspace? The process is probably the same for any 3rd party program that would provide a swap space implementation to the kernel. I know this was intended to run as a process because the project provides an init.d script.

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• How to turn off ASLR in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Summer_More_More_Tea

  Hi everyone: I want to turn off ASLR on my own PC. But each time I type "sudo echo 0 /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space", the system shows that "Permission denied". How can I make it work? By the way, my OS kernel is 2.6.30. Hope anyone can give me a hand. Regards.

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• Running a service as root

  - by kovica

  I have a java program that I use to automate the process of creating VPN settings for clients. The program calls couple of bash scripts, create and copies files around. I have to run it under root user because the whole VPN config is under /etc/openvpn. For this directory I need root privileges. On the same machine I have Glassfish application server and it will call the mentioned Java program. Glassfish is run under non-root user. What is the best, most secure way of running a program as a root user of course without entering a password if I run it via sudo?

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• Eject LiveCD + Reboot

  - by JPerkSter

  We use LiveCD's alot in my line of work. Whether it be fscking file systems, recovering data from a customer to rm'd his server, etc. I'm looking for a quick way to eject the CDROM and reboot the server. Does anyone have any one-liners to do this or any other suggestions? Using 'eject' doesn't work most of the time, from what I've tested / used. We're using RHEL / Cent on most of our servers if that helps :D

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• Linux 3.7 sort en version stable : support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6

  Linux 3.7 sort en version stable support de multiples plateformes ARM, améliorations de Btrfs, Ext4, TCP Fast Open et IPv6 Près de deux mois après la sortie du noyau Linux 3.6, Linus Torvalds, annonce la publication de la version stable de Linux 3.7, avec un nombre important de nouvelles fonctionnalités. La nouveauté vedette de cette mouture est sans aucun doute la proposition d'une version unique du Kernel capable de prendre en charge plusieurs architectures ARM. Bien que le support de toutes les plateformes ARM du marché ne soit pas complet, Linux 3.7 est compatible avec les plateformes populaires comme les processeurs Calxeda's Higbank ARM utilisés dans les serveurs Moo...

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• How to connect Active Directory (AD - W2K3) to Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP - Fedora + Dogtag)?

  - by JackKnows

  Hey my goal is to connect a Active Directory (AD) to Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) using Fedora + Dogtag after that using OS´s like Windows XP or 7 and Linuxs like Ubuntu they can access that connections and take part of some functionalities like "Roaming Profiles", "Printers", "Auth" and other stuff. If anyone can help i appreciate because i am new to this and this very important.

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• Giving SSH access to a user, and security issues.

  - by Kris Sauquillo

  Okay, so I have a VPS and I made an account for a friend so he can host his own domains (using the reseller features in DirectAdmin). He's asking for SSH access, and I know that this is probably a bad idea. Does he have access to my whole server, such as executing commands, accessing my domains that I host on my server? I logged into my SSH using his account details and it let me navigate around all of the root folders/files, and his account is under /home/AccountName/. Is there anyway to restrict his access to his folder only? And the commands he can use?

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• what is best multi-server configuration with OpenVPN

  - by sebut

  We have a number of Database severs running MongoDB on Debian plus a number of Application servers also on Debian. The db servers hold replicating db clusters, so they need to talk to each other. Application servers need to talk to all db servers (for reasons of fault tolerance). The servers are potentially spread across multiple hosting centers, so we need secure channels between all servers. The number of servers is bound to grow, so we need a VPN solution that's easy to maintain and expand. This is why I feel that SSH that we use for testing might not be up to the task and OpenVPN seems the way to go. I have ruled out TAP, since I understand that this would mean all traffic going to all the servers - perhaps this is a misunderstanding and TAP acts more like a switch? With TUN devices I imagine that all DB servers would live in their own separate subnet, they would also need a client configured to be able to connect to each of their peers. The application servers could live in a common subnet range with a client config only. Does this sound like a reasonable setup? Strangely, on the web I did not find anything about multi-server with OpenVPN. Thanks for all insights and ideas!

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• Howto detect fake RAM

  - by Michael

  I just bought a virtual server which should have 2GB of RAM. Now i got a server with 4gb which looks very strange to me. I think it is just a virtual RAM. dmidecode only ouputs /dev/mem: Operation not permitted How can i check if it's a real RAM or just a virtual one? free -m outputs: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4093 364 3728 0 0 346 -/+ buffers/cache: 18 4074 Swap: 0 0 0 Output from cat /proc/user_beancounters Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 137: kmemsize 8922287 10194944 2145910784 2145910784 0 lockedpages 0 0 523904 523904 0 privvmpages 13387 59112 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 shmpages 769 785 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 22 54 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 physpages 93377 106010 0 1047808 0 vmguarpages 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 oomguarpages 2471 2473 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numtcpsock 5 21 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numflock 4 13 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numpty 1 1 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numsiginfo 0 39 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcpsndbuf 102592 381632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 tcprcvbuf 81920 4820184 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 othersockbuf 4624 61632 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 9248 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numothersock 39 56 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dcachesize 4178917 4232732 1072955392 1072955392 0 numfile 378 535 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numiptent 24 24 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0

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• Video Player/Library for Ubuntu with ratings and thumbs

  - by greggannicott

  Hi. I've just made the switch to Ubuntu on my main PC and I've been looking for a media player that can: Play all the usual video formats Rate (and ideally, tag) each file Display thumbnails for each file Other than that there isn't much I'm after. Banshee comes close, but doesn't display thumbnails. I've Google'd lots but I'm running out of search terms to try. Does anyone have any suggestions? Cheers!

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• How can I access another user's home?

  - by Jason94

  I'm on a network where I have the rights, but how do I do it? I've been asked to look up another user's aliases for reference.

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• Lighttpd based server issues crop up when port forwarding

  - by michael

  I have four host computers running lighttpd webservers. they are sitting behind a hspa modem, which each occupying a http port between [81 - 84]. 80 is taken by the modem itself. The port forwarding is setup correctly, however, only a portion of any webpage I request from any of the hosts comes through (they all fails after %20 of the page). If I put the host on port 81 into the dmz, it serves pages fine. The others do not respond to the dmz treatment. Is it possible the web content on the hosts somehow require ports aside from their respective http port? Or is it possible that even though the server.port in the lighttpd_ssl.conf file is set, the individual hosts are still expecting to serve on port 80? I am not familiar with lighttpd, nor did i set them up. they are running on video encoders i purchased. I can grab any files from them required for further information on the problem.

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• Is it possible to have environment variables in the path of the working directory : PS1?

  - by mthpvg

  I am on Lubuntu and I am using bash. My PS1 (in .bashrc) is : PS1="\w> " I like it because I need to paste the working directory all the time. The problem is that the path is always very long and since I use terminator I only have half of my screen's width available to display it... it is ugly and annoying. My command prompt looks like that : /this/is/a/very/long/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I'd like to set in my environment variables : $tiavl=/this/is/a/very/long And then I'll get : $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > The goal is to have something shorter in the command prompt but I still want to be able to copy paste it and do : cd $tiavl/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter It is a bit like with $HOME : ~/path/that/i/want/to/make/shorter > I know where I am and I can copy paste the ~. Thanks.

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• different folders in a partition as mount points?

  - by ajsie

  i want to have 2 partitions. one is called system. the other is private. in the private partition i've got some folders i want to mount into system as system folders. folders in private: - www - home mount points in system: - /var/www - /home is this possible? cause it seems that you can only specify a whole partition to use for a mount point and not a folder in a partition or am i wrong? i run ubuntu server. cheers

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• Restarting services shortcut on FreeBSD

  - by eugene y

  I want to start/stop services from /usr/local/etc/rc.d in the RHEL way, e.g. service apache restart service mysql restart How can I set this up on FreeBSD?

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• Kernel compiling with -j2+ parameter ends prematurely with no error message or output bzImage

  - by Minix

  I've noticed quite a while ago that compiling a kernel with the parameter -j set to 1 or more doesn't produce a bzImage. Instead, it ends prematurely without any advice. I have reproduced the same behavior in both my netbook and home server. As far as I'm aware, the point where the compilation stops is random - Compiling twice with the same parameters will probably stop at different files. However, when I run make with no -j* parameter the compilation ends just fine and outputs a working bzImage. Both machines run Intel Atom (N270 on the netbook and 330 on the server) and I've compiled for these processors. If I recall correctly, I've tried compiling both with Atom and with generic x86_64 options. The kernel version I'm building is 2.6.34.1 I've always compiled normally with those options in my Core2Duo and Pentium Dual Core machines. Has anyone experienced this issue? Any ideas why does this happens? Is there a fix or workaround?

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• When should I upgrade to Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)? [closed]

  - by Emyr

  I'm a web developer for a small non-IT firm. When 9.10 came out, I was using it with no adverse effects from about a month before release (iirc, first beta), initially as an upgrade but as a clean install later to ensure my system would be consistent with most other 9.10 systems. The last alpha of 10.04 came out last week, with another 2 weeks before beta. I'm quite eager to do it today, but obviously the usual "not for production systems" notice is still in place. When should I upgrade? Do I need to worry about software installed from source? (./configure, make, make install etc) Is the attraction of a non-brown theme really this tempting for you?

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• Spambot Infection Detection

  - by crankshaft

  My server has been blocked by CBL for participating in curtwail spambot. Initially we suspected that it was coming from a PC and not from the server, but the router is blocking all packets on 25 except those coming from the server. I have just executed the tcpdump command and every 5 minutes I see a flurry of activity on port 25 that is very suspicious and I am sure that there is some process running on the server: 13:02:30.027436 IP exprod5og110.obsmtp.com.53803 > ubuntu.local.smtp: Flags [S], seq 171708781, win 5744, options [mss 1436,sackOK,TS val 3046699707 ecr 0,nop,wscale 2], length 0 I have stopped postfix, and yet there is still traffic on port 25 above. But how can I find what process is actually communicating on port 25 as it only rund for a few seconds and so for example lsof -i :25 will never catch it. I have been working on this now for 2 days, it is a live server and I cannot simply shut it down, any suggestion on how I can detect the source of this email bot process ?

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• Setting thresholds via smartd.conf

  - by JPerkSter

  Hello! We currently use smartd to monitor SMART health on our disks. I would like to set the 'thresholds' that smartd uses to report. For example: 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 9 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 9 I would like to be able to set a threshold for these two attributes to only report if they are above 10. I haven't been able to find a way to set this via smartd.conf, and I'm also not looking to actually shutdown the daemon. Has anyone ever tried this, or know how I might be able to accomplish this better then throwing a script into cron.hourly?

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