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• MySQL Daemon failed to start

  - by T. Brian Jones

  THE SETUP I'm running Linux CentOS on an Amazon EC2 instance. The MySQL data files are on an EBS Drive mounted at /data/ ( symlink - /var/lib/mysql /data/mysql ). Everything works fine in this setup. THE PROBLEM I'm trying to move everything from this EBS drive to a new drive. I umounted the /data/ drive, and mounted it at /data2/. Then I mounted the new drive at /data/ and copied everything over to it from /data2/. Everything on the system works great, except MySQL. Every time I try to start the MySQL daemon ( /etc/init.d/mysqld start ) I get a MySQL Daemon failed to start error.

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• Web service not accessible from behind corporates firewalls - how come?

  - by Niro

  We run a Saas serving a widget which is embedded in customer websites. The service include static javascript code hosted on amazon S3 and dynamic part hosted on EC2 with Scalr (using scalr name servers). We received some feedback from users behind corporate firewalls that they cant access our service (while they can access the sites including the widget). This does not make sense to me since the service is using normal http calls on port 80 and our URL is quite new without any reason to be banned by firewalls. My questions are: 1. Why is the service is not accessible and what can I do about it? 2. Is it possible that one of the following is blocked by corporate firewalls: Amazon s3, the dynamic IP address provided by amazon, Scalr name servers. Any other possible reasons, way to check them and remedies for this? Thanks!

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• Unable to ping remote server Nagios

  - by williamsowen

  We've recently set up Nagios on one of our Amazon EC2 instances to act as a monitoring server to our other instances. nrpe was installed on our staging server stager and appears to be working fine: monitoring_server~: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H xx.xx.xx.xx -p 5666 NRPE v2.12 The issue is - when viewing the remote server stager within the Nagios admin screen - it appears to be 'DOWN'. The check_ping command reveals: monitoring_server~: /usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_ping -H 'xx.xx.xx.xx' -w 5000,100% -c 5000,100% -p 1 PING CRITICAL - Packet loss = 100%|rta=5000.000000ms;5000.000000;5000.000000;0.000000 pl=100%;100;100;0 Can anyone provide some direction on how to get this working? Not sure what else to do

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• How do I create a folder name that starts with a dot in Windows 7?

  - by Jim Tough

  I'm on a Windows 7 machine and need to create a new folder whose name starts with a dot. To be specific, I need to create the folder "C:\USERS\theusername\.ec2" because that is the default location that the AWS plugin for Eclipse likes to find certain configuration files. Windows 7 gives me an error message whenever I try to create a folder that starts with a dot: You must type a filename Seriously? There are already subfolders in this folder that start with a dot! How can I tell Windows 7 to just shut up and create my folder?

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• Web service not accessible from behind corporates firewalls - how come?

  - by Niro

  We run a Saas serving a widget which is embedded in customer websites. The service include static javascript code hosted on amazon S3 and dynamic part hosted on EC2 with Scalr (using scalr name servers). We received some feedback from users behind corporate firewalls that they cant access our service (while they can access the sites including the widget). This does not make sense to me since the service is using normal http calls on port 80 and our URL is quite new without any reason to be banned by firewalls. My questions are: 1. Why is the service is not accessible and what can I do about it? 2. Is it possible that one of the following is blocked by corporate firewalls: Amazon s3, the dynamic IP address provided by amazon, Scalr name servers. Any other possible reasons, way to check them and remedies for this? Thanks!

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• Nginx + PHP FASTCGI FAILS - how to debug ?

  - by Niro

  I have a server on AMAZON EC2 running Nginx +PHP with PHP FASTCGI via port 9000. The server runs fine for a few minutes and after a while (several thousands of hits in this case) FastCGI Dies and Nginx returns 502 Error. Nginx log shows 2010/01/12 16:49:24 [error] 1093#0: *9965 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 79.180.27.241, server: localhost, request: "GET /data.php?data=7781 HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "site1.mysite.com", referrer: "http://www.othersite.com/subc.asp?t=10" How can I debug what is causing FastCGI to die?

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• SSH command from PHP script - nothing, yet work at cmd line

  - by waxical

  I'm working on an EC2 box and trying to SSH command another box. The command works in command-line, even php -a interactive. However it does not work when running as apache. Example cmd:- system('ssh -i /home/me/keys/key.pem [email protected] "ls"'); I've tried adding apache to wheel group, and gshadow on both boxes. I've also just tried chowning the pem file to apache. Nothing. Yet the command response fine in the two other use cases outlines. What's going on here? Anyone know?

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• Where is the network connection enabled/disabled setting stored?

  - by minerj

  I have an Amazon EC2 instance of Windows Server 2008 where some genius managed to disable the network connection so that the instance is now isolated in its own little universe. I can shut down the instance and edit the "C:\" drive volume by attaching it to another running instance. This is equivalent to removing the system drive from a dead machine and attaching it to another computer to edit the files. Question: Where is the network connection enabled / disabled setting stored? If I can tweak this setting by editing the registry or a file to re-enable the network connection, I can then resurrect my Amazon server.

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• What happens if an OpenStack cloud controller dies?

  - by magu

  I've been reading up on OpenStack and how we can re-create an EC2/S3-style cloud for our internal development and I'm having a hard time finding information on how the OpenStack cloud controller provides redundancy of the cloud management services. I know I can setup multiple Swift and Nova nodes, but not a single document/article/howto/wiki contains information on: a) what happens if the cloud controller node dies; and b) how to setup redundant cloud controllers. It seems to me that, although it is massively scalable, there is a big single-point-of-failure built into OpenStack. Can anyone with more experience on OpenStack please shed some light as to how it all works in regards to high-availability?

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• Using Cygwin in Windows 8, chmod 600 does not work as expected?

  - by Castaa

  I'm trying to change the the permissions to my key file key.pem in Cygwin 1.7.11. It has the permissions flags: -rw-rw---- chmod -c 600 key.pem Reports: mode of 'key.pem' changed from 0660 (rw-rw----) to 0600 (rw-------) However: ls -l key.pem still reports key.pem's permission flags are still: -rw-rw---- This reason why I'm asking is that ssh is complaining: Permissions 0660 for 'key.pem' are too open. when I try to ssh into my Amazon EC2 instance. Is this an issue with Cygwin & Windows 8 NTFS or am I missing something?

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• Restarting rsyslog re-sends logs again

  - by Jay Taylor

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS on EC2. I have a bunch of application servers which are configured to forward their logs to a central server via rsyslog. Since putting in Nagios monitoring on the log files on the central server, I've been getting alerts indicating that particular application servers are failing to forward their logs to the centralized server. Logging into the machines and restarting the rsyslog service fixes the problem. However, rsyslog then re-transmits the logs again, resulting in duplicates on the collector. Why is it doing this?

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• My server appears to have been hacked+ scanssh run by zabbix is it normal?

  - by Niro

  I'm running a few EC2/Scalr instances with zabbix monitoring. I received complaints about one of my servers port scanning other servers. the logs show it is accessing port 22 on consecutive IP addresses. I looked at the processes list and saw scanssh is running under the user Zabbix. My question is- Is scanssh part of zabbix? Is it suppesd to run? I have active autodiscovery on zabbix but it is looking at another IP addresses and definately not port 20. Is it possible that something in the config of zabbix agent is controlling it and not the settings on zabbix server? What can I do to find out if zabbix is somehow misbehaving or it is a hacker? Any advice is highly appreciated.

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• How do ulimit -n and /proc/sys/fs/file-max differ?

  - by bantic

  I notice that on a new CentOS image that I just booted up off of EC2 that the ulimit default is 1024 open files, but /proc/sys/fs/file-max is set at 761,408 and I'm wondering how these two limits work together. I'm guessing that ulimit -n is a per-user limit of number of file descriptors while /proc/sys/fs/file-max is system-wide? If that's the case, say I've logged in twice as the same user -- does each logged-in user have a 1024 limit on number of open files, or is it a limit of 1024 combined open files between each of those logged-in users? And is there much performance impact to setting your max file descriptors to a very high number, if your system isn't ever opening very many files?

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• Challenges w.r.t. proximity between application hosted outside Amazon and Amazon persistence service

  - by Kabeer

  Hello. This is about hosting a web portal. Earlier my topology was entirely based on Amazon AWS but the price factor (especially for EC2) now makes me re-think. I'll now quickly come to what I have finally arrived at. I'll launch the portal that'll be hosted on Godaddy (unlimited plan on Windows). The portal uses SimpleDB for storing metadata and S3 for blobs. Locally available MySQL will be used for the ASP.Net provider services. Once the portal is profitable, I intent to move to Amazon in totality. Now considering the proximity between Godaddy & Amazon, would I face 'substantial' performance problems? Are there any suggestions to improve upon my topology.

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• Forcing the from address when postfix relays over smtp

  - by John Whitlock

  I'm trying to get email reports from our AWS EC2 instances. We're using Exchange Online (part of Microsoft Online Services). I've setup a user account specifically for SMTP relaying, and I've setup Postfix to meet all the requirements to relay messages through this server. However, Exchange Online's SMTP server will reject messages unless the From address exactly matches the authentication address (the error message is 550 5.7.1 Client does not have permissions to send as this sender). With careful configuration, I can setup my services to send as this user. But I'm not a huge fan of being careful - I'd rather have postfix force the issue. Is there a way to do this?

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• aws s3 works with script but not on cron

  - by user3800017

  guys.. My first post ! hope not the last .. I have few bunch of servers on aws ec2 platforms. I made a simple script to backup my custom logs on their s3 storage bucket. The problem is the script works fine .. but I tried to add it to the crontab. And the script executes but not the s3 sync/mv part ! Here is my code: NOW=$(date "+%b_%d_%Y") MY_HOSTNAME=`uname -n` mv /opt/req/req* /opt/req/bkup/ mv /opt/response/res* /opt/req/bkup/ cd /opt/req/bkup/ tar -cvf ${MY_HOSTNAME}_req_bkup_${NOW}.tar re* rm *.txt aws s3 mv /opt/req/bkup/* s3://req `

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• In Varnish, is it normal for the number of freed bytes to be 60% of those allocated?

  - by user331397

  I have an installation of Varnish 3.02 on an Amazon EC2 Medium Linux instance in front of two relatively low-traffic websites. After an uptime of 2 hours, there are 3400 objects in the cache. Using varnishstat, I checked the variables SMA.s0.c_bytes and SMA.s0.c_freed, which I assume correspond to the total number of bytes allocated since startup and the number freed, respectively. No objects should have had time to expire during these two hours, but still about 60% of the memory allocated since startup (330MB out of 560MB) has already been freed. Do you know if this is normal? If not, do you know what kind of configuration could be wrong?

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• startup cassandra layout

  - by davidkomer

  We've got a relatively low-traffic site (~1K pageviews/day) hosted on a single server, and expect it to grow significantly over the next few years. I'm thinking of moving over to Rackspace CloudServer or EC2 and firing up 3 nodes (all on CentOS): 2 x Web (Apache) - with loadbalancer 1 x MySQL (for the Wordpress powered part) The question is where to put Cassandra right now... Should it sit on each Web node, or the MySQL node? My thought right now is to put it on Web nodes. It's my understanding that Cassandra has the benefits of fault-tolerance (i.e. if we take a node down, the site is still operational). So even with only 2 nodes, we'd have that benefit as opposed to just putting it on the MySQL node. Also, as we scale up and add another node, a cassandra instance can come along with it and the php can always run its queries on localhost. Is this a good idea?

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• Nagios remote monitoring: NRPE Vs. SSH

  - by sam

  We use Nagios to monitor quite a few (~130) servers. We monitor CPU, Disk, RAM and a few other things on each server. I've always used SSH to run the remote commands, purely because it requires little to no additional config on the remote server, just install nagios-plugins, create the nagios user and add the SSH key, all of which I've automated into a shell script. I've never actually considered the performance implications of using SSH over NRPE. I'm not too bothered about the load hit on the Nagios server (It's probably over-speced for what it does, it's never been over 10% CPU), but we run each remote check every 30 seconds and each server has 5 different checks performed. I assume SSH requires more resources for each check but is there a huge difference? (I.E. enough of a difference to warrant the switch to NRPE). If it's any help, we monitor a mix of physical servers (Normally with 8, 12 or 16 physical cores) and Amazon EC2 medium/large instances.

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• Do TCP connections work differently within the same subnet?

  - by Dean

  I've encountered some network behaviour that confuses me while trying to get Java RMI working. I use netcat to connect to a local machine: [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 192.168.0.100 60000 && echo success success I try to do the same to my server: [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 my-servers-ip 60000 && echo success This doesn't work, unless I explicitly listen on the server socket: [amazon_ec2]$ nc -l 60000 [my_machine]$ nc -w 1 my-servers-ip 60000 && echo success success For the version that fails, the SYN packet receives a RST, ACK in response. I'm not too knowledgable about this stuff, at this point I only have wild theories such as the one in the question. Any ideas? Potentially useful details: Local Machine (192.168.0.100) - Macbook Remote Machine (Amazon EC2) - Amazon Linux AMI 2012.03 Security Group Settings: 22 (SSH) 0.0.0.0/0 1099 0.0.0.0/0 49152-65535 0.0.0.0/0 "iptables -L" shows no rules set

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• Installing a fake microphone on Windows Server.

  - by Adrian

  My application, that is running on Windows Server (which is an instance on Amazon EC2) requires Skype to be able to make phone calls. The server, of course, does not have a microphone installed and I don't need it to have one, because my application changes the input source to a wav file when the call is established. However, Skype has a strict rule that a microphone must be installed for a call to be made. Thus I want to install a fake microphone that will trick Skype's configuration. So far, I was able to start and run the Windows Sound service, which enabled all of the sound settings. Any ideas are very welcome!

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• Replicate portion of an LDAP directory to external server

  - by colemanm

  We're in the process of setting up a Jabber server on Amazon EC2 right now, and we'd like to have our internal users authenticate via LDAP so we don't have to create/manage a separate set of user accounts than the master directory in the office. My question is: is there a way to copy, unidirectionally, a segment of our internal LDAP directory (the user accounts OU) to an external LDAP server and authenticate Jabber against that? We're trying to work around having our externally hosted machines out in the cloud accessing our internal network directly... If we can replicate in one direction only a subset of the user accounts, then if that gets compromised we don't necessarily have a critical security breach into our internal network.

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• PostgreSQL 9.0 HA load balancing between servers

  - by Vijay Ramachandran

  Hey folks, I'm bashing my head to configure load balancing stuff between two database servers. I have no clue whether, I can find any mechanism to implement this. I already tried to implement Heart beat clustering but it requires virtual Ip wherein I can't create virtual IP or assign my own IP address in amazon EC2. Is there a way to configure PostgreSQL database servers in similar to Amazon load balancing kind of thing ? If so, please suggest the solution. Thanks in advance.

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• Wordpress serving PHP but not CSS or JS

  - by Jason

  I'm trying to set up an Amazon EC2 instance to run a Django app and a WP instance side by side, differing only by the incoming URL. Initially, accessing the site via mysite.com/wordpress worked, but I also needed to catch the incoming requests from a subdomain address blog.mysite.com. To do that, I created a default file in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled and included two virtualhost directives, one of which was <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.blog.mysite.com <Directory /var/www/wordpress> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> This created some errors with the other virtualhost, so I restored the default 000-default file configuration and restarted. Now, accessing mysite.com/wordpress takes forever, and even then the CSS and JS files are not loading. Iside the Firebug Net tab, I can see the HTML response, but the CSS and JS files are not loading at all. What happened here?

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• HAProxy being killed with more that 54,000 connections

  - by Olly

  I am trying to run HAProxy (1.4.8) on a EC2 machine running Ubuntu 10.04. I need HAProxy to be able to handle many thousands of long-running persistent connections (websockets). With the current setup HAProxy gets killed at around 54,300 connections (roughly). If I am running HAProxy in the foreground, the only output is "Killed". Am I right in thinking this is the Kernel killing the process? Is this because it is out of resources? Can I increase the resources? The CPU and memory consumption are low with 50,000 connections, so I don't suspect either of these. How can I prevent this from happening?

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