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  • problem processing xml in flex3

    - by john
    Hi All, First time here asking a question and still learning on how to format things better... so sorry about the format as it does not look too well. I have started learning flex and picked up a book and tried to follow the examples in it. However, I got stuck with a problem. I have a jsp page which returns xml which basically have a list of products. I am trying to parse this xml, in other words go through products, and create Objects for each product node and store them in an ArrayCollection. The problem I believe I am having is I am not using the right way of navigating through xml. The xml that is being returned from the server looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><result type="success"> <products> <product> <id>6</id> <cat>electronics</cat> <name>Plasma Television</name> <desc>65 inch screen with 1080p</desc> <price>$3000.0</price> </product> <product> <id>7</id> <cat>electronics</cat> <name>Surround Sound Stereo</name> <desc>7.1 surround sound receiver with wireless speakers</desc> <price>$1000.0</price> </product> <product> <id>8</id> <cat>appliances</cat> <name>Refrigerator</name> <desc>Bottom drawer freezer with water and ice on the door</desc> <price>$1200.0</price> </product> <product> <id>9</id> <cat>appliances</cat> <name>Dishwasher</name> <desc>Large capacity with water saver setting</desc> <price>$500.0</price> </product> <product> <id>10</id> <cat>furniture</cat> <name>Leather Sectional</name> <desc>Plush leather with room for 6 people</desc> <price>$1500.0</price> </product> </products></result> And I have flex code that tries to iterate over products like following: private function productListHandler(e:JavaFlexStoreEvent):void { productData = new ArrayCollection(); trace(JavaServiceHandler(e.currentTarget).response); for each (var item:XML in JavaServiceHandler(e.currentTarget).response..product ) { productData.addItem( { id:item.id, item:item.name, price:item.price, description:item.desc }); } } with trace, I can see the xml being returned from the server. However, I cannot get inside the loop as if the xml was empty. In other words, JavaServiceHandler(e.currentTarget).response..product must be returning nothing. Can someone please help/point out what I could be doing wrong. My JavaServiceHandler class looks like this: package com.wiley.jfib.store.data { import com.wiley.jfib.store.events.JavaFlexStoreEvent; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.EventDispatcher; import flash.net.URLLoader; import flash.net.URLRequest; public class JavaServiceHandler extends EventDispatcher { public var serviceURL:String = ""; public var response:XML; public function JavaServiceHandler() { } public function callServer():void { if(serviceURL == "") { throw new Error("serviceURL is a required parameter"); return; } var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader(); loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, handleResponse); loader.load(new URLRequest(serviceURL)); // var httpService:HTTPService = new HTTPService(); // httpService.url = serviceURL; // httpService.resultFormat = "e4x"; // httpService.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, handleResponse); // httpService.send(); } private function handleResponse(e:Event):void { var loader:URLLoader = URLLoader(e.currentTarget); response = XML(loader.data); dispatchEvent(new JavaFlexStoreEvent(JavaFlexStoreEvent.DATA_LOADED) ); // var httpService:HTTPService = HTTPService(e.currentTarget); // response = httpService.lastResult.product; // dispatchEvent(new JavaFlexStoreEvent(JavaFlexStoreEvent.DATA_LOADED) ); } } } Even though I refer to this as mine and it is not in reality. This is from a Flex book as a code sample which does not work, go figure. Any help is appreciated. Thanks john

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  • Trouble with copying dictionaries and using deepcopy on an SQLAlchemy ORM object

    - by Az
    Hi there, I'm doing a Simulated Annealing algorithm to optimise a given allocation of students and projects. This is language-agnostic pseudocode from Wikipedia: s ? s0; e ? E(s) // Initial state, energy. sbest ? s; ebest ? e // Initial "best" solution k ? 0 // Energy evaluation count. while k < kmax and e > emax // While time left & not good enough: snew ? neighbour(s) // Pick some neighbour. enew ? E(snew) // Compute its energy. if enew < ebest then // Is this a new best? sbest ? snew; ebest ? enew // Save 'new neighbour' to 'best found'. if P(e, enew, temp(k/kmax)) > random() then // Should we move to it? s ? snew; e ? enew // Yes, change state. k ? k + 1 // One more evaluation done return sbest // Return the best solution found. The following is an adaptation of the technique. My supervisor said the idea is fine in theory. First I pick up some allocation (i.e. an entire dictionary of students and their allocated projects, including the ranks for the projects) from entire set of randomised allocations, copy it and pass it to my function. Let's call this allocation aOld (it is a dictionary). aOld has a weight related to it called wOld. The weighting is described below. The function does the following: Let this allocation, aOld be the best_node From all the students, pick a random number of students and stick in a list Strip (DEALLOCATE) them of their projects ++ reflect the changes for projects (allocated parameter is now False) and lecturers (free up slots if one or more of their projects are no longer allocated) Randomise that list Try assigning (REALLOCATE) everyone in that list projects again Calculate the weight (add up ranks, rank 1 = 1, rank 2 = 2... and no project rank = 101) For this new allocation aNew, if the weight wNew is smaller than the allocation weight wOld I picked up at the beginning, then this is the best_node (as defined by the Simulated Annealing algorithm above). Apply the algorithm to aNew and continue. If wOld < wNew, then apply the algorithm to aOld again and continue. The allocations/data-points are expressed as "nodes" such that a node = (weight, allocation_dict, projects_dict, lecturers_dict) Right now, I can only perform this algorithm once, but I'll need to try for a number N (denoted by kmax in the Wikipedia snippet) and make sure I always have with me, the previous node and the best_node. So that I don't modify my original dictionaries (which I might want to reset to), I've done a shallow copy of the dictionaries. From what I've read in the docs, it seems that it only copies the references and since my dictionaries contain objects, changing the copied dictionary ends up changing the objects anyway. So I tried to use copy.deepcopy().These dictionaries refer to objects that have been mapped with SQLA. Questions: I've been given some solutions to the problems faced but due to my über green-ness with using Python, they all sound rather cryptic to me. Deepcopy isn't playing nicely with SQLA. I've been told thatdeepcopy on ORM objects probably has issues that prevent it from working as you'd expect. Apparently I'd be better off "building copy constructors, i.e. def copy(self): return FooBar(....)." Can someone please explain what that means? I checked and found out that deepcopy has issues because SQLAlchemy places extra information on your objects, i.e. an _sa_instance_state attribute, that I wouldn't want in the copy but is necessary for the object to have. I've been told: "There are ways to manually blow away the old _sa_instance_state and put a new one on the object, but the most straightforward is to make a new object with __init__() and set up the attributes that are significant, instead of doing a full deep copy." What exactly does that mean? Do I create a new, unmapped class similar to the old, mapped one? An alternate solution is that I'd have to "implement __deepcopy__() on your objects and ensure that a new _sa_instance_state is set up, there are functions in sqlalchemy.orm.attributes which can help with that." Once again this is beyond me so could someone kindly explain what it means? A more general question: given the above information are there any suggestions on how I can maintain the information/state for the best_node (which must always persist through my while loop) and the previous_node, if my actual objects (referenced by the dictionaries, therefore the nodes) are changing due to the deallocation/reallocation taking place? That is, without using copy?

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  • Android: restful API service

    - by Martyn
    Hey, I'm looking to make a service which I can use to make calls to a web based rest api. I've spent a couple of days looking through stackoverflow.com, reading books and looking at articles whilst playing about with some code and I can't get anything which I'm happy with. Basically I want to start a service on app init then I want to be able to ask that service to request a url and return the results. In the meantime I want to be able to display a progress window or something similar. I've created a service currently which uses IDL, I've read somewhere that you only really need this for cross app communication, so think these needs stripping out but unsure how to do callbacks without it. Also when I hit the post(Config.getURL("login"), values) the app seems to pause for a while (seems weird - thought the idea behind a service was that it runs on a different thread!) Currently I have a service with post and get http methods inside, a couple of AIDL files (for two way communication), a ServiceManager which deals with starting, stopping, binding etc to the service and I'm dynamically creating a Handler with specific code for the callbacks as needed. I don't want anyone to give me a complete code base to work on, but some pointers would be greatly appreciated; even if it's to say I'm doing it completely wrong. I'm pretty new to Android and Java dev so if there are any blindingly obvious mistakes here - please don't think I'm a rubbish developer, I'm just wet behind the ears and would appreciate being told exactly where I'm going wrong. Anyway, code in (mostly) full (really didn't want to put this much code here, but I don't know where I'm going wrong - apologies in advance): public class RestfulAPIService extends Service { final RemoteCallbackList<IRemoteServiceCallback> mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<IRemoteServiceCallback>(); public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { super.onStart(intent, startId); } public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return binder; } public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); } public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); mCallbacks.kill(); } private final IRestfulService.Stub binder = new IRestfulService.Stub() { public void doLogin(String username, String password) { Message msg = new Message(); Bundle data = new Bundle(); HashMap<String, String> values = new HashMap<String, String>(); values.put("username", username); values.put("password", password); String result = post(Config.getURL("login"), values); data.putString("response", result); msg.setData(data); msg.what = Config.ACTION_LOGIN; mHandler.sendMessage(msg); } public void registerCallback(IRemoteServiceCallback cb) { if (cb != null) mCallbacks.register(cb); } }; private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { // Broadcast to all clients the new value. final int N = mCallbacks.beginBroadcast(); for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { try { switch (msg.what) { case Config.ACTION_LOGIN: mCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).userLogIn( msg.getData().getString("response")); break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); return; } } catch (RemoteException e) { } } mCallbacks.finishBroadcast(); } public String post(String url, HashMap<String, String> namePairs) {...} public String get(String url) {...} }; A couple of AIDL files: package com.something.android oneway interface IRemoteServiceCallback { void userLogIn(String result); } and package com.something.android import com.something.android.IRemoteServiceCallback; interface IRestfulService { void doLogin(in String username, in String password); void registerCallback(IRemoteServiceCallback cb); } and the service manager: public class ServiceManager { final RemoteCallbackList<IRemoteServiceCallback> mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<IRemoteServiceCallback>(); public IRestfulService restfulService; private RestfulServiceConnection conn; private boolean started = false; private Context context; public ServiceManager(Context context) { this.context = context; } public void startService() { if (started) { Toast.makeText(context, "Service already started", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClassName("com.something.android", "com.something.android.RestfulAPIService"); context.startService(i); started = true; } } public void stopService() { if (!started) { Toast.makeText(context, "Service not yet started", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClassName("com.something.android", "com.something.android.RestfulAPIService"); context.stopService(i); started = false; } } public void bindService() { if (conn == null) { conn = new RestfulServiceConnection(); Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClassName("com.something.android", "com.something.android.RestfulAPIService"); context.bindService(i, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } else { Toast.makeText(context, "Cannot bind - service already bound", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } protected void destroy() { releaseService(); } private void releaseService() { if (conn != null) { context.unbindService(conn); conn = null; Log.d(LOG_TAG, "unbindService()"); } else { Toast.makeText(context, "Cannot unbind - service not bound", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } class RestfulServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder boundService) { restfulService = IRestfulService.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) boundService); try { restfulService.registerCallback(mCallback); } catch (RemoteException e) {} } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) { restfulService = null; } }; private IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback = new IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() { public void userLogIn(String result) throws RemoteException { mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(Config.ACTION_LOGIN, result)); } }; private Handler mHandler; public void setHandler(Handler handler) { mHandler = handler; } } Service init and bind: // this I'm calling on app onCreate servicemanager = new ServiceManager(this); servicemanager.startService(); servicemanager.bindService(); application = (ApplicationState)this.getApplication(); application.setServiceManager(servicemanager); service function call: // this lot i'm calling as required - in this example for login progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(Login.this); progressDialog.setMessage("Logging you in..."); progressDialog.show(); application = (ApplicationState) getApplication(); servicemanager = application.getServiceManager(); servicemanager.setHandler(mHandler); try { servicemanager.restfulService.doLogin(args[0], args[1]); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ...later in the same file... Handler mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case Config.ACTION_LOGIN: if (progressDialog.isShowing()) { progressDialog.dismiss(); } try { ...process login results... } } catch (JSONException e) { Log.e("JSON", "There was an error parsing the JSON", e); } break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } }; Any and all help is greatly appreciated and I'll even buy you a coffee or a beer if you fancy :D Martyn

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  • pass an ID with hyperlik but cant get this ID value from a fk in one table when i click in insert

    - by susan
    Something strange happened in my codes, actually I have a hyperlink that pass ID value in a query string to second page.in second page i have 2 sql datasource that both these sql datasources should get this id value and pass it to a filter parameter to show sth in datalist. so in another word I have a first page that has an hyperlink read ID value from a datasource and pass it to second page.its like below: <asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl='<%# "~/forumpage.aspx?ID="+Eval("ID")%>'><%#Eval("title")%> </asp:HyperLink> then in second page i have one sql datasource with a query like this ...where ID=@id and get this id in query string from db.it work great . but i have problem with second sql datasource in second page it has a query sth like below:...forms.question_id=@id then in sql reference both to query string as ID that get by first page in hyperlink. but when i click in insert button show me error with fk. error:Error:The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_forumreply_forumquestions". The conflict occurred in database "forum", table "dbo.forumquestions", column 'ID'. The statement has been terminated. my tables (question(ID,user_id(fk),Cat_id(fk),title,bodytext) (reply(ID,userr_id(fk),questionn_id(fk),titlereply,bodytestreply); When by hand in cb i gave a number in questionn_id like 1 it show me successful but when it want read from a filter by datasource this field face with problem. plzzzz help i really need skip from this part.and cause i am new i guess I cant understand the logic way clearly. <asp:SqlDataSource ID="sdsreply" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:forumConnectionString %>" SelectCommand="SELECT forumreply.ID, forumreply.userr_id, forumreply.questionn_id, forumreply.bodytextreply, forumreply.datetimereply, forumquestions.ID AS Expr1, forumusers.ID AS Expr2, forumusers.username FROM forumquestions INNER JOIN forumreply ON forumquestions.ID = forumreply.questionn_id INNER JOIN forumusers ON forumquestions.user_id = forumusers.ID AND forumreply.userr_id = forumusers.ID where forumreply.questionn_id=@questionn_id"> <SelectParameters> <asp:QueryStringParameter Name="questionn_id" QueryStringField="ID" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> it is cb for second page in insert button: { if (Session["userid"] != null) { lblreply.Text = Session["userid"].ToString(); } else { Session["userid"]=null; } if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { lblshow.Text = string.Empty; string d = HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name; lblshow.Text =d + "???? ??? ?????." ; foreach (DataListItem item in DataList2.Items) { Label questionn_idLabel = (Label)item.FindControl("questionn_idLabel"); Label userr_idLabel = (Label)item.FindControl("userr_idLabel"); lbltest.Text = string.Empty; lbltest.Text = questionn_idLabel.Text; lblreply.Text = string.Empty; lblreply.Text = userr_idLabel.Text; } } else { lblshow.Text = "??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ???????."; } } { if(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { if (Page.IsValid) { SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["forumConnectionString"].ConnectionString); try { con.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insert into forumreply (userr_id,questionn_id,bodytextreply,datetimereply)values(@userr_id,@questionn_id,@bodytextreply,@datetimereply)", con); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("userr_id",lblreply.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("questionn_id",lbltest.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("bodytextreply",txtbody.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("datetimereply",DateTime.Now ); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (Exception exp) { Response.Write("<b>Error:</b>"); Response.Write(exp.Message); } finally { con.Close(); } lblmsg.Text = "???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????.thx"; lblshow.Visible = false; //lbltxt.Text = txtbody.Text; txtbody.Text = string.Empty; } } else { lblmsg.Text = string.Empty; Session["rem"] = Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri; Response.Redirect("~/login.aspx"); } }

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  • Pass a Delphi class to a C++ function/method that expects a class with __thiscall methods.

    - by Alan G.
    I have some MSVC++ compiled DLL's for which I have created COM-like (lite) interfaces (abstract Delphi classes). Some of those classes have methods that need pointers to objects. These C++ methods are declared with the __thiscall calling convention (which I cannot change), which is just like __stdcall, except a this pointer is passed on the ECX register. I create the class instance in Delphi, then pass it on to the C++ method. I can set breakpoints in Delphi and see it hitting the exposed __stdcall methods in my Delphi class, but soon I get a STATUS_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN and the app has to exit. Is it possible to emulate/deal with __thiscall on the Delphi side of things? If I pass an object instantiated by the C++ system then all is good, and that object's methods are called (as would be expected), but this is useless - I need to pass Delphi objects. Edit 2010-04-19 18:12 This is what happens in more detail: The first method called (setLabel) exits with no error (though its a stub method). The second method called (init), enters then dies when it attempts to read the vol parameter. C++ Side #define SHAPES_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport) // just to show the value class SHAPES_EXPORT CBox { public: virtual ~CBox() {} virtual void init(double volume) = 0; virtual void grow(double amount) = 0; virtual void shrink(double amount) = 0; virtual void setID(int ID = 0) = 0; virtual void setLabel(const char* text) = 0; }; Delphi Side IBox = class public procedure destroyBox; virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure init(vol: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure grow(amount: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure shrink(amount: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure setID(val: Integer); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure setLabel(text: PChar); virtual; stdcall; abstract; end; TMyBox = class(IBox) protected FVolume: Double; FID: Integer; FLabel: String; // public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; // BEGIN Virtual Method implementation procedure destroyBox; override; stdcall; // empty - Dont need/want C++ to manage my Delphi objects, just call their methods procedure init(vol: Double); override; stdcall; // FVolume := vol; procedure grow(amount: Double); override; stdcall; // Inc(FVolume, amount); procedure shrink(amount: Double); override; stdcall; // Dec(FVolume, amount); procedure setID(val: Integer); override; stdcall; // FID := val; procedure setLabel(text: PChar); override; stdcall; // Stub method; empty. // END Virtual Method implementation property Volume: Double read FVolume; property ID: Integer read FID; property Label: String read FLabel; end; I would have half expected using stdcall alone to work, but something is messing up, not sure what, perhaps something to do with the ECX register being used? Help would be greatly appreciated. Edit 2010-04-19 17:42 Could it be that the ECX register needs to be preserved on entry and restored once the function exits? Is the this pointer required by C++? I'm probably just reaching at the moment based on some intense Google searches. I found something related, but it seems to be dealing with the reverse of this issue.

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  • Unknown error in Producer/Consumer program, believe it to be an infinite loop.

    - by ray2k
    Hello, I am writing a program that is solving the producer/consumer problem, specifically the bounded-buffer version(i believe they mean the same thing). The producer will be generating x number of random numbers, where x is a command line parameter to my program. At the current moment, I believe my program is entering an infinite loop, but I'm not sure why it is occurring. I believe I am executing the semaphores correctly. You compile it like this: gcc -o prodcon prodcon.cpp -lpthread -lrt Then to run, ./prodcon 100(the number of randum nums to produce) This is my code. typedef int buffer_item; #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <unistd.h> #define BUFF_SIZE 10 #define RAND_DIVISOR 100000000 #define TRUE 1 //two threads void *Producer(void *param); void *Consumer(void *param); int insert_item(buffer_item item); int remove_item(buffer_item *item); int returnRandom(); //the global semaphores sem_t empty, full, mutex; //the buffer buffer_item buf[BUFF_SIZE]; //buffer counter int counter; //number of random numbers to produce int numRand; int main(int argc, char** argv) { /* thread ids and attributes */ pthread_t pid, cid; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); pthread_attr_setscope(&attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM); numRand = atoi(argv[1]); sem_init(&empty,0,BUFF_SIZE); sem_init(&full,0,0); sem_init(&mutex,0,0); printf("main started\n"); pthread_create(&pid, &attr, Producer, NULL); pthread_create(&cid, &attr, Consumer, NULL); printf("main gets here"); pthread_join(pid, NULL); pthread_join(cid, NULL); printf("main done\n"); return 0; } //generates a randum number between 1 and 100 int returnRandom() { int num; srand(time(NULL)); num = rand() % 100 + 1; return num; } //begin producing items void *Producer(void *param) { buffer_item item; int i; for(i = 0; i < numRand; i++) { //sleep for a random period of time int rNum = rand() / RAND_DIVISOR; sleep(rNum); //generate a random number item = returnRandom(); //acquire the empty lock sem_wait(&empty); //acquire the mutex lock sem_wait(&mutex); if(insert_item(item)) { fprintf(stderr, " Producer report error condition\n"); } else { printf("producer produced %d\n", item); } /* release the mutex lock */ sem_post(&mutex); /* signal full */ sem_post(&full); } return NULL; } /* Consumer Thread */ void *Consumer(void *param) { buffer_item item; int i; for(i = 0; i < numRand; i++) { /* sleep for a random period of time */ int rNum = rand() / RAND_DIVISOR; sleep(rNum); /* aquire the full lock */ sem_wait(&full); /* aquire the mutex lock */ sem_wait(&mutex); if(remove_item(&item)) { fprintf(stderr, "Consumer report error condition\n"); } else { printf("consumer consumed %d\n", item); } /* release the mutex lock */ sem_post(&mutex); /* signal empty */ sem_post(&empty); } return NULL; } /* Add an item to the buffer */ int insert_item(buffer_item item) { /* When the buffer is not full add the item and increment the counter*/ if(counter < BUFF_SIZE) { buf[counter] = item; counter++; return 0; } else { /* Error the buffer is full */ return -1; } } /* Remove an item from the buffer */ int remove_item(buffer_item *item) { /* When the buffer is not empty remove the item and decrement the counter */ if(counter > 0) { *item = buf[(counter-1)]; counter--; return 0; } else { /* Error buffer empty */ return -1; } }

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  • Dynamically register constructor methods in an AbstractFactory at compile time using C++ templates

    - by Horacio
    When implementing a MessageFactory class to instatiate Message objects I used something like: class MessageFactory { public: static Message *create(int type) { switch(type) { case PING_MSG: return new PingMessage(); case PONG_MSG: return new PongMessage(); .... } } This works ok but every time I add a new message I have to add a new XXX_MSG and modify the switch statement. After some research I found a way to dynamically update the MessageFactory at compile time so I can add as many messages as I want without need to modify the MessageFactory itself. This allows for cleaner and easier to maintain code as I do not need to modify three different places to add/remove message classes: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <inttypes.h> class Message { protected: inline Message() {}; public: inline virtual ~Message() { } inline int getMessageType() const { return m_type; } virtual void say() = 0; protected: uint16_t m_type; }; template<int TYPE, typename IMPL> class MessageTmpl: public Message { enum { _MESSAGE_ID = TYPE }; public: static Message* Create() { return new IMPL(); } static const uint16_t MESSAGE_ID; // for registration protected: MessageTmpl() { m_type = MESSAGE_ID; } //use parameter to instanciate template }; typedef Message* (*t_pfFactory)(); class MessageFactory· { public: static uint16_t Register(uint16_t msgid, t_pfFactory factoryMethod) { printf("Registering constructor for msg id %d\n", msgid); m_List[msgid] = factoryMethod; return msgid; } static Message *Create(uint16_t msgid) { return m_List[msgid](); } static t_pfFactory m_List[65536]; }; template <int TYPE, typename IMPL> const uint16_t MessageTmpl<TYPE, IMPL >::MESSAGE_ID = MessageFactory::Register( MessageTmpl<TYPE, IMPL >::_MESSAGE_ID, &MessageTmpl<TYPE, IMPL >::Create); class PingMessage: public MessageTmpl < 10, PingMessage > {· public: PingMessage() {} virtual void say() { printf("Ping\n"); } }; class PongMessage: public MessageTmpl < 11, PongMessage > {· public: PongMessage() {} virtual void say() { printf("Pong\n"); } }; t_pfFactory MessageFactory::m_List[65536]; int main(int argc, char **argv) { Message *msg1; Message *msg2; msg1 = MessageFactory::Create(10); msg1->say(); msg2 = MessageFactory::Create(11); msg2->say(); delete msg1; delete msg2; return 0; } The template here does the magic by registering into the MessageFactory class, all new Message classes (e.g. PingMessage and PongMessage) that subclass from MessageTmpl. This works great and simplifies code maintenance but I still have some questions about this technique: Is this a known technique/pattern? what is the name? I want to search more info about it. I want to make the array for storing new constructors MessageFactory::m_List[65536] a std::map but doing so causes the program to segfault even before reaching main(). Creating an array of 65536 elements is overkill but I have not found a way to make this a dynamic container. For all message classes that are subclasses of MessageTmpl I have to implement the constructor. If not it won't register in the MessageFactory. For example commenting the constructor of the PongMessage: class PongMessage: public MessageTmpl < 11, PongMessage > { public: //PongMessage() {} /* HERE */ virtual void say() { printf("Pong\n"); } }; would result in the PongMessage class not being registered by the MessageFactory and the program would segfault in the MessageFactory::Create(11) line. The question is why the class won't register? Having to add the empty implementation of the 100+ messages I need feels inefficient and unnecessary.

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  • Struts Tiles application

    - by rav83
    Am trying a tiles application.Below is my code tiles-defs.xml </tiles-definitions> <definition name="${YOUR_DEFINITION_HERE}"> </definition> <definition name="commonPage" path="/jsps/template.jsp"> <put name="header" value="/jsps/header.jsp" /> <put name="menu" value="/jsps/menu.jsp" /> <put name="body" value="/jsps/homebody.jsp" /> <put name="footer" value="/jsps/footer.jsp" /> </definition> <definition name="aboutUsPage" extends="commonPage"> <put name="body" value="/jsps/aboutUsBody.jsp" /> </definition> </tiles-definitions> struts-config.xml <action path="/aboutus" type="java.com.mbest.core.action.AboutUsAction" parameter="method"> <forward name="success" path="aboutUsPage"/> <forward name="failure" path="aboutUsPage"/> </action> </action-mappings> template.jsp <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %> <html> <head><title></title></head> <body> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 98%; height: 100%"> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <tiles:insert attribute="header"/> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 500px"> <td valign="top" style="width: 200px"> <tiles:insert attribute="menu"/> </td> <td valign="baseline" align="left"> <tiles:insert attribute="body"/> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <tiles:insert attribute="footer"/> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> homebody.jsp <%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %> <%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html"%> <%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %> <html> <head> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> <%@include file="../css/helper.css"%> <%@include file="../css/dropdown.css" %> <%@include file="../css/default.ultimate.css" %> </style> </head> <body> <div id="header"> <ul id="nav" class="dropdown dropdown-horizontal"> <li><span class="dir"><html:link page="/aboutus.do?method=aboutUsPage" >About Us</html:link></span></li> <li><span class="dir"><a href="./">Products</a></span></li> <li><span class="dir"><a href="./">Infrastructure</a></span></li> <li><span class="dir"><a href="./">Pharmaceutical Formulations</a></span></li> <li><span class="dir"><a href="./">Contact Us</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </body> </html> AboutUsAction.java package java.com.mindbest.core.action; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction; public class AboutUsAction extends DispatchAction { public ActionForward aboutUsPage(ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception { return mapping.findForward("success"); } } aboutUsBody.jsp hello In my above code if i try to access the app using (domainname)/example/aboutus.do its giving 500 error.Can anyone help me figure this out?

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  • RemoteViewsService never gets called whenever we update app widget

    - by user3689160
    I am making one task widget application. This is a simple widget application which can be used to add new tasks by clicking on "+New Task". So ideally what I have done is, I've added a widget first, then when we click on "+New Task" a new activity opens up from where we can type in a new task and it should get updated in the ListView inside the home screen widget. Problem: Now whenever I add a new task, the ListView does not get updated. The data gets inside the database a new is created as well. My onUpdate(...) method gets called as well. There is a WidgetService.java which is a RemoteViewService that is being used to call the RemoteViewFactory but WidgetService.java gets called only when we create the widget, never after that. WidgetService.java never gets called again. I have the following setup MyWidgetProvider.java AppWidgetProvider class for updating the widget and filling its remote views. public class MyWidgetProvider extends AppWidgetProvider { public static int randomNumber=132; static RemoteViews remoteViews = null; @Override public void onUpdate(Context context, AppWidgetManager appWidgetManager, int[] appWidgetIds) { updateList(context,appWidgetManager,appWidgetIds); } public static void updateList(Context context, AppWidgetManager appWidgetManager, int[] appWidgetIds){ final int N = appWidgetIds.length; Log.d("MyWidgetProvider", "length="+appWidgetIds.length+""); for (int i = 0; i<N; ++i) { Log.d("MyWidgetProvider", "value"+ i + "="+appWidgetIds[i]); // Calling updateWidgetListView(context, appWidgetIds[i]); to load the listview with data remoteViews = updateWidgetListView(context, appWidgetIds[i]); // Updating the Widget with the new data filled remoteviews appWidgetManager.updateAppWidget(appWidgetIds[i], remoteViews); appWidgetManager.notifyAppWidgetViewDataChanged(appWidgetIds[i], R.id.lv_tasks); } } private static RemoteViews updateWidgetListView(Context context, int appWidgetId) { Intent svcIntent = null; remoteViews = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(),R.layout.widget_demo); //RemoteViews Service needed to provide adapter for ListView svcIntent = new Intent(context, WidgetService.class); //passing app widget id to that RemoteViews Service svcIntent.putExtra(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID, appWidgetId); //setting a unique Uri to the intent //binding the data from the WidgetService to the svcIntent svcIntent.setData(Uri.parse(svcIntent.toUri(Intent.URI_INTENT_SCHEME))); //setting adapter to listview of the widget remoteViews.setRemoteAdapter(R.id.lv_tasks, svcIntent); //setting click listner on the "New Task" (TextView) of the widget remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.tv_add_task, buildButtonPendingIntent(context)); return remoteViews; } // Just to create PendingIntent, this will be broadcasted everytime textview containing "New Task" is clicked and OnReceive method of MyWidgetIntentReceiver.java will run public static PendingIntent buildButtonPendingIntent(Context context) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.putExtra("TASK_DONE_VALUE_VALID", false); intent.setAction("com.ommzi.intent.action.CLEARTASK"); return PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); } // This method is defined here so that we can update the remoteviews from other classes as well, like we'll do it in MyWidgetIntentReceiver.java public static void pushWidgetUpdate(Context context, RemoteViews remoteViews) { ComponentName myWidget = new ComponentName(context, MyWidgetProvider.class); AppWidgetManager manager = AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context); manager.updateAppWidget(myWidget, remoteViews); } } WidgetService.java A RemoteViewsService class for creating a RemoteViewsFactory. public class WidgetService extends RemoteViewsService { @Override public RemoteViewsFactory onGetViewFactory(Intent intent) { int appWidgetId = intent.getIntExtra(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID,AppWidgetManager.INVALID_APPWIDGET_ID); return (new ListProvider(this.getApplicationContext(), intent)); } } ListProvider.java A RemoteViewsFactory class for filling the ListView inside the widget. public class ListProvider implements RemoteViewsFactory { private List<TemplateTaskData> tasks; private Context context = null; private int appWidgetId; int increment=0; public ListProvider(Context context, Intent intent) { this.context = context; appWidgetId = intent.getIntExtra(AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID,AppWidgetManager.INVALID_APPWIDGET_ID); //appWidgetId = Integer.valueOf(intent.getData().getSchemeSpecificPart())- MyWidgetProvider.randomNumber; populateListItem(); } private void populateListItem() { tasks = new ArrayList<TemplateTaskData>(); com.ommzi.database.sqliteDataBase letStartDB = new com.ommzi.database.sqliteDataBase(context); letStartDB.open(); tasks=letStartDB.getData(); letStartDB.close(); } public int getCount() { return tasks.size(); } public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } public RemoteViews getViewAt(int position) { // We are only showing the text view field here as there is limitation on using Checkbox within the widget // We prefer to on an activity for the user to make comprehensive changes as changes inside the widget is always limited. // To view the supported list of views for the widget you can visit http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html final RemoteViews remoteView = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(), R.layout.screen_wcitem); TemplateTaskData taskDTO = tasks.get(position); Log.d("My ListProvider", "1"); remoteView.setTextViewText(R.id.wc_add_task, taskDTO.getTaskName()); if(taskDTO.getTaskDone()){ remoteView.setImageViewResource(R.id.imageView1, R.drawable.checked); }else{ remoteView.setImageViewResource(R.id.imageView1, R.drawable.unchecked); } Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("com.ommzi.intent.action.GETTASK"); intent.putExtra("TASK_DONE_VALUE_VALID", true); intent.putExtra("ROWID", taskDTO.getRowId()); intent.putExtra("TASK_NAME", taskDTO.getTaskName()); intent.putExtra("TASK_DONE_VALUE", taskDTO.getTaskDone()); remoteView.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.imageView1, PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)); Log.d("My ListProvider, Inside getView", "Value of Incrementor=" + increment + "\n ROWID=" + taskDTO.getRowId() + "\n TASK_NAME=" + taskDTO.getTaskName() + "\n TASK_DONE_VALUE=" +taskDTO.getTaskDone() + "\n Total Database Size=" + tasks.size()); return remoteView; } public RemoteViews getLoadingView() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } public int getViewTypeCount() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 1; } public boolean hasStableIds() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } public void onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void onDataSetChanged() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void onDestroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } GetTaskActivity.java This is another activity that is fired from a BroadcastReceiver(MyWidgetIntentReceiver.java). Purpose of this is to get a new task added to the list of task. MyWidgetIntentReceiver.java BroadcastReceiver fired using a pending intent that starts an activity GetTaskActivity.java. Please help me out with this problem. I am seen all the posts here and on other websites no body is having any solution. But I am sure a solution exist to this. Thanks for your help!

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  • I'd like to know why a function executes fine when called from x but not when called from y

    - by Roland
    When called from archive(), readcont(char *filename) executes fine! Called from runoptions() though, it fails to list the files "archived"! why is this? The program must run in terminal. Use -h as a parameter to view the usage. This program is written to "archive" text files into ".rldzip" files. readcont( char *x) should show the files archived in file (*x) a) Successful call Use the program to archive 3 text files: rldzip.exe a.txt b.txt c.txt FILEXY -a archive() will call readcont and it will work showing the files archived after the binary FILEXY will be created. b) Unsuccessful call After the file is created, use: rldzip.exe FILEXY.rldzip -v You can see that the function crashes! I'd like to know why is this happening! /* Sa se scrie un program care: a) arhiveaza fisiere b) dezarhiveaza fisierele athivate */ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> struct content{ char *text; char *flname; }*arc; FILE *f; void readcont(char *x){ FILE *p; if((p = fopen(x, "rb")) == NULL){ perror("Critical error: "); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } content aux; int i; fread(&i, sizeof(int), 1, p); printf("\nFiles in %s \n\n", x); while(i-- >1 && fread(&aux, sizeof(struct content), 1, p) != 0) printf("%s \n", aux.flname); fclose(p); printf("\n\n"); } void archive(int argc, char **argv){ int i; char inttext[5000], textline[1000]; //Allocate dynamic memory for the content to be archived! arc = (content*)malloc(argc * sizeof(content)); for(i=1; i< argc; i++) { if((f = fopen(argv[i], "r")) == NULL){ printf("%s: ", argv[i]); perror(""); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while(!feof(f)){ fgets(textline, 5000, f); strcat(inttext, textline); } arc[i-1].text = (char*)malloc(strlen(inttext) + 1); strcpy(arc[i-1].text, inttext); arc[i-1].flname = (char*)malloc(strlen(argv[i]) + 1); strcpy(arc[i-1].flname, argv[i]); fclose(f); } char *filen; filen=(char*)malloc(strlen(argv[argc])+1+7); strcpy(filen, argv[argc]); strcat(filen, ".rldzip"); f = fopen(filen, "wb"); fwrite(&argc, sizeof(int), 1, f); fwrite(arc, sizeof(content), argc, f); fclose(f); printf("Success! "); for(i=1; i< argc; i++) { (i==argc-1)? printf("and %s ", argv[i]) : printf("%s ", argv[i]); } printf("compressed into %s", filen); readcont(filen); free(filen); } void help(char *v){ printf("\n\n----------------------RLDZIP----------------------\n\nUsage: \n\n Archive n files: \n\n%s $file[1] $file[2] ... $file[n] $output -a\n\nExample:\n%s a.txt b.txt c.txt output -a\n\n\n\nView files:\n\n %s $file.rldzip -v\n\nExample:\n %s fileE.rldzip -v\n\n", v, v, v, v); } void runoptions(int c, char **v){ int i; if(c < 2){ printf("Arguments missing! Use -h for help"); } else{ for(i=0; i<c; i++) if(strcmp(v[i], "-h") == 0){ help(v[0]); exit(2); } for(i=0; i<c; i++) if(strcmp(v[i], "-v") == 0){ if(c != 3){ printf("Arguments misused! Use -h for help"); exit(2); } else { printf("-%s-", v[1]); readcont(v[1]); } } } if(strcmp(v[c-1], "-a") == 0) archive(c-2, v); } main(int argc, char **argv) { runoptions(argc, argv); }

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  • How would I define "GetDataFromNumber" so that my class contains a definition?

    - by JB
    My code gets an error saying: 'Eagle_Eye_Class_Finder.GetSchedule' does not contain a definition for 'GetDataFromNumber' and no extension method 'GetDataFromNumber'. using System; using System.IO; using System.Data; using System.Text; using System.Drawing; using System.Data.OleDb; using System.Collections; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing.Printing; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Eagle_Eye_Class_Finder { /// This form is the entry form, it is the first form the user will see when the app is run. /// public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1; private System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar1; private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox1; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2; private System.Windows.Forms.DateTimePicker dateTimePicker1; private IContainer components; private Timer timer1; private BindingSource form1BindingSource; public static Form Mainform = null; // creates new instance of second form YOURCLASSSCHEDULE SecondForm = new YOURCLASSSCHEDULE(); public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call } /// Clean up any resources being used. protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container(); System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(Form1)); this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.progressBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar(); this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox(); this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.dateTimePicker1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DateTimePicker(); this.timer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer(this.components); this.form1BindingSource = new System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource(this.components); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).BeginInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.form1BindingSource)).BeginInit(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // textBox1 // this.textBox1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.textBox1.DataBindings.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.Binding("Text", this.form1BindingSource, "Text", true, System.Windows.Forms.DataSourceUpdateMode.OnValidation, null, "900456317")); this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(328, 280); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(208, 20); this.textBox1.TabIndex = 2; this.textBox1.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox1_TextChanged); // // progressBar1 // this.progressBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(258, 410); this.progressBar1.MarqueeAnimationSpeed = 10; this.progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1"; this.progressBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(344, 8); this.progressBar1.TabIndex = 3; this.progressBar1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.progressBar1_Click); // // pictureBox1 // this.pictureBox1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlLightLight; this.pictureBox1.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D; this.pictureBox1.Image = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("pictureBox1.Image"))); this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(680, 400); this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1"; this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 112); this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 4; this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false; this.pictureBox1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.pictureBox1_Click); // // button2 // this.button2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Mistral", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0))); this.button2.Image = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("button2.Image"))); this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(699, 442); this.button2.Name = "button2"; this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(78, 28); this.button2.TabIndex = 5; this.button2.Text = "OK"; this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click); // // dateTimePicker1 // this.dateTimePicker1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(336, 104); this.dateTimePicker1.Name = "dateTimePicker1"; this.dateTimePicker1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 20); this.dateTimePicker1.TabIndex = 6; this.dateTimePicker1.ValueChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.dateTimePicker1_ValueChanged); // // timer1 // this.timer1.Tick += new System.EventHandler(this.timer1_Tick); // // form1BindingSource // this.form1BindingSource.DataSource = typeof(Eagle_Eye_Class_Finder.Form1); // // Form1 // this.AcceptButton = this.button2; this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.BackgroundImage = ((System.Drawing.Image)(resources.GetObject("$this.BackgroundImage"))); this.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Stretch; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(856, 556); this.Controls.Add(this.dateTimePicker1); this.Controls.Add(this.button2); this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1); this.Controls.Add(this.progressBar1); this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1); this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Eagle Eye Class Finder"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.pictureBox1)).EndInit(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.form1BindingSource)).EndInit(); this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout(); } #endregion /// The main entry point for the application. [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new Form1()); } public void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } public void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //allows only numbers to be entered in textbox string Str = textBox1.Text.Trim(); double Num; bool isNum = double.TryParse(Str, out Num); if (isNum) Console.ReadLine(); else MessageBox.Show("Enter A Valid ID Number!"); } public void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { string text = textBox1.Text; Mainform = this; this.Hide(); GetSchedule myScheduleFinder = new GetSchedule(); string result = myScheduleFinder.GetDataFromNumber(text);<<<-----MY PROBLEM if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result)) { MessageBox.Show(result); } else { MessageBox.Show("Enter A Valid ID Number!"); } } public void dateTimePicker1_ValueChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } public void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } public void progressBar1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //this.progressBar1 = new System.progressBar1(); //progressBar1.Maximum = 200; //progressBar1.Minimum = 0; //progressBar1.Step = 20; } private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { //if (progressBar1.Value >= 200 ) //{ //progressBar1.Value = 0; //} //return; //} //progressBar1.Value != 20; } } }

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  • Https in java ends up with strange results

    - by Senne
    I'm trying to illustrate to students how https is used in java. But i have the feeling my example is not really the best out there... The code works well on my windows 7: I start the server, go to https://localhost:8080/somefile.txt and i get asked to trust the certificate, and all goes well. When I try over http (before or after accepting the certificate) I just get a blank page, which is ok for me. BUT when I try the exact same thing on my windows XP: Same thing, all goes well. But then (after accepting the certificate first), I'm also able to get all the the files through http! (if I first try http before https followed by accepting the certificate, I get no answer..) I tried refreshing, hard refreshing a million times but this should not be working, right? Is there something wrong in my code? I'm not sure if I use the right approach to implement https here... package Security; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.security.*; import javax.net.ssl.*; import com.sun.net.httpserver.*; public class HTTPSServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(8080); HttpsServer server = HttpsServer.create(addr, 0); try { System.out.println("\nInitializing context ...\n"); KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"); char[] password = "vwpolo".toCharArray(); ks.load(new FileInputStream("myKeys"), password); KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509"); kmf.init(ks, password); SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, null); // a HTTPS server must have a configurator for the SSL connections. server.setHttpsConfigurator (new HttpsConfigurator(sslContext) { // override configure to change default configuration. public void configure (HttpsParameters params) { try { // get SSL context for this configurator SSLContext c = getSSLContext(); // get the default settings for this SSL context SSLParameters sslparams = c.getDefaultSSLParameters(); // set parameters for the HTTPS connection. params.setNeedClientAuth(true); params.setSSLParameters(sslparams); System.out.println("SSL context created ...\n"); } catch(Exception e2) { System.out.println("Invalid parameter ...\n"); e2.printStackTrace(); } } }); } catch(Exception e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } server.createContext("/", new MyHandler1()); server.setExecutor(Executors.newCachedThreadPool()); server.start(); System.out.println("Server is listening on port 8080 ...\n"); } } class MyHandler implements HttpHandler { public void handle(HttpExchange exchange) throws IOException { String requestMethod = exchange.getRequestMethod(); if (requestMethod.equalsIgnoreCase("GET")) { Headers responseHeaders = exchange.getResponseHeaders(); responseHeaders.set("Content-Type", "text/plain"); exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, 0); OutputStream responseBody = exchange.getResponseBody(); String response = "HTTP headers included in your request:\n\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); Headers requestHeaders = exchange.getRequestHeaders(); Set<String> keySet = requestHeaders.keySet(); Iterator<String> iter = keySet.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { String key = iter.next(); List values = requestHeaders.get(key); response = key + " = " + values.toString() + "\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); System.out.print(response); } response = "\nHTTP request body: "; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); InputStream requestBody = exchange.getRequestBody(); byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; if(requestBody.read(buffer) > 0) { responseBody.write(buffer); } else { responseBody.write("empty.".getBytes()); } URI requestURI = exchange.getRequestURI(); String file = requestURI.getPath().substring(1); response = "\n\nFile requested = " + file + "\n\n"; responseBody.write(response.getBytes()); responseBody.flush(); System.out.print(response); Scanner source = new Scanner(new File(file)); String text; while (source.hasNext()) { text = source.nextLine() + "\n"; responseBody.write(text.getBytes()); } source.close(); responseBody.close(); exchange.close(); } } }

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  • SortList duplicated key, but it shouldn't

    - by Luca
    I have a class which implements IList interface. I requires a "sorted view" of this list, but without modifying it (I cannot sort directly the IList class). These view shall be updated when the original list is modified, keeping items sorted. So, I've introduced a SortList creation method which create a SortList which has a comparer for the specific object contained in the original list. Here is the snippet of code: public class MyList<T> : ICollection, IList<T> { ... public SortedList CreateSortView(string property) { try { Lock(); SortListView sortView; if (mSortListViews.ContainsKey(property) == false) { // Create sorted view sortView = new SortListView(property, Count); mSortListViews.Add(property, sortView); foreach (T item in Items) sortView.Add(item); } else sortView = mSortListViews[property]; sortView.ReferenceCount++; return (sortView); } finally { Unlock(); } } public void DeleteSortView(string property) { try { Lock(); // Unreference sorted view mSortListViews[property].ReferenceCount--; // Remove sorted view if (mSortListViews[property].ReferenceCount == 0) mSortListViews.Remove(property); } finally { Unlock(); } } protected class SortListView : SortedList { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="property"></param> /// <param name="capacity"></param> public SortListView(string property, int capacity) : base(new GenericPropertyComparer(typeof(T).GetProperty(property, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public)), capacity) { } /// <summary> /// Reference count. /// </summary> public int ReferenceCount = 0; /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="item"></param> public void Add(T item) { Add(item, item); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="item"></param> public void Remove(T item) { // Base implementation base.Remove(item); } /// <summary> /// Compare object on a generic property. /// </summary> class GenericPropertyComparer : IComparer { #region Constructors /// <summary> /// Construct a GenericPropertyComparer specifying the property to compare. /// </summary> /// <param name="property"> /// A <see cref="PropertyInfo"/> which specify the property to be compared. /// </param> /// <remarks> /// The <paramref name="property"/> parameter imply that the compared objects have the specified property. The property /// must be readable, and its type must implement the IComparable interface. /// </remarks> public GenericPropertyComparer(PropertyInfo property) { if (property == null) throw new ArgumentException("property doesn't specify a valid property"); if (property.CanRead == false) throw new ArgumentException("property specify a write-only property"); if (property.PropertyType.GetInterface("IComparable") == null) throw new ArgumentException("property type doesn't IComparable"); mSortingProperty = property; } #endregion #region IComparer Implementation public int Compare(object x, object y) { IComparable propX = (IComparable)mSortingProperty.GetValue(x, null); IComparable propY = (IComparable)mSortingProperty.GetValue(y, null); return (propX.CompareTo(propY)); } /// <summary> /// Sorting property. /// </summary> private PropertyInfo mSortingProperty = null; #endregion } } /// <summary> /// Sorted views of this ReactList. /// </summary> private Dictionary<string, SortListView> mSortListViews = new Dictionary<string, SortListView>(); } Practically, class users request to create a SortListView specifying the name of property which determine the sorting, and using the reflection each SortListView defined a IComparer which keep sorted the items. Whenever an item is added or removed from the original list, every created SortListView will be updated with the same operation. This seems good at first chance, but it creates me problems since it give me the following exception when adding items to the SortList: System.ArgumentException: Item has already been added. Key in dictionary: 'PowerShell_ISE [C:\Windows\sysWOW64\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\PowerShell_ISE.exe]' Key being added: 'PowerShell_ISE [C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\PowerShell_ISE.exe]' As you can see from the exception message, thrown by SortedListView.Add(object), the string representation of the key (the list item object) is different (note the path of the executable). Why SortList give me that exception? To solve this I tried to implement a GetHashCode implementation for the underlying object, but without success: public override int GetHashCode() { return ( base.GetHashCode() ^ mApplicationName.GetHashCode() ^ mApplicationPath.GetHashCode() ^ mCommandLine.GetHashCode() ^ mWorkingDirectory.GetHashCode() ); }

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  • c windows connect() fails. error 10049

    - by Joshua Moore
    The following two pieces of code compile, but I get a connect() failed error on the client side. (compiled with MinGW). Client Code: // thanks to cs.baylor.edu/~donahoo/practical/CSockets/code/TCPEchoClientWS.c #include <stdio.h> #include <winsock.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define RCVBUFSIZE 32 // size of receive buffer void DieWithError(char *errorMessage); int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int sock; struct sockaddr_in echoServAddr; unsigned short echoServPort; char *servIP; char *echoString; char echoBuffer[RCVBUFSIZE]; int echoStringLen; int bytesRcvd, totalBytesRcvd; WSAData wsaData; if((argc < 3) || (argc > 4)){ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <Sever IP> <Echo Word> [<Echo Port>]\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } if (argc==4) echoServPort = atoi(argv[3]); // use given port if any else echoServPort = 7; // echo is well-known port for echo service if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsaData) != 0){ // load winsock 2.0 dll fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup() failed"); exit(1); } // create reliable, stream socket using tcp if((sock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0) DieWithError("socket() failed"); // construct the server address structure memset(&echoServAddr, 0, sizeof(echoServAddr)); echoServAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; echoServAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(servIP); // server IP address echoServAddr.sin_port = htons(echoServPort); // establish connection to the echo server if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoServAddr, sizeof(echoServAddr)) < 0) DieWithError("connect() failed"); echoStringLen = strlen(echoString); // determine input length // send the string, includeing the null terminator to the server if(send(sock, echoString, echoStringLen, 0)!= echoStringLen) DieWithError("send() sent a different number of bytes than expected"); totalBytesRcvd = 0; printf("Received: "); // setup to print the echoed string while(totalBytesRcvd < echoStringLen){ // receive up to the buffer size (minus 1 to leave space for a null terminator) bytes from the sender if(bytesRcvd = recv(sock, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE-1, 0) <= 0) DieWithError("recv() failed or connection closed prematurely"); totalBytesRcvd += bytesRcvd; // keep tally of total bytes echoBuffer[bytesRcvd] = '\0'; printf("%s", echoBuffer); // print the echo buffer } printf("\n"); closesocket(sock); WSACleanup(); exit(0); } void DieWithError(char *errorMessage) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d\n", errorMessage, WSAGetLastError()); exit(1); } Server Code: // thanks cs.baylor.edu/~donahoo/practical/CSockets/code/TCPEchoServerWS.c #include <stdio.h> #include <winsock.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAXPENDING 5 // maximum outstanding connection requests #define RCVBUFSIZE 1000 void DieWithError(char *errorMessage); void HandleTCPClient(int clntSocket); // tcp client handling function int main(int argc, char **argv) { int serverSock; int clientSock; struct sockaddr_in echoServerAddr; struct sockaddr_in echoClientAddr; unsigned short echoServerPort; int clientLen; // length of client address data structure WSAData wsaData; if (argc!=2){ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <Server Port>\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } echoServerPort = atoi(argv[1]); if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsaData)!=0){ fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup() failed"); exit(1); } // create socket for incoming connections if((serverSock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP))<0) DieWithError("socket() failed"); // construct local address structure memset(&echoServerAddr, 0, sizeof(echoServerAddr)); echoServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; echoServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // any incoming interface echoServerAddr.sin_port = htons(echoServerPort); // local port // bind to the local address if(bind(serverSock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoServerAddr, sizeof(echoServerAddr) )<0) DieWithError("bind() failed"); // mark the socket so it will listen for incoming connections if(listen(serverSock, MAXPENDING)<0) DieWithError("listen() failed"); for (;;){ // run forever // set the size of the in-out parameter clientLen = sizeof(echoClientAddr); // wait for a client to connect if((clientSock = accept(serverSock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoClientAddr, &clientLen)) < 0) DieWithError("accept() failed"); // clientSock is connected to a client printf("Handling client %s\n", inet_ntoa(echoClientAddr.sin_addr)); HandleTCPClient(clientSock); } // NOT REACHED } void DieWithError(char *errorMessage) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d\n", errorMessage, WSAGetLastError()); exit(1); } void HandleTCPClient(int clientSocket) { char echoBuffer[RCVBUFSIZE]; // buffer for echostring int recvMsgSize; // size of received message // receive message from client if((recvMsgSize = recv(clientSocket, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE, 0) <0)) DieWithError("recv() failed"); // send received string and receive again until end of transmission while(recvMsgSize > 0){ // echo message back to client if(send(clientSocket, echoBuffer, recvMsgSize, 0)!=recvMsgSize) DieWithError("send() failed"); // see if there's more data to receive if((recvMsgSize = recv(clientSocket, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE, 0)) <0) DieWithError("recv() failed"); } closesocket(clientSocket); // close client socket } How can I fix this?

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  • Using Array Variables For FILE_GET_CONTENTS

    - by Whoshooter
    I have a script all done now and everything has been debugged and it works, except for the last hurdle. This script grabs pertinent information on bank web sites, takes that data and uses it to populate a template and then it's all posted to Wordpress - BUT I get an error because the file_get_contents function fails taking each url from the Array. I've var_dumped the array and all the URLS are there in the [0] key, so this is what I tried. master data is the scraped URL source the script uses urlscrape_array is the collection of URLS $master_data = file_get_contents($urlscrape_array[0]); When I run the script using a URL like below it works beautifully every time; $master_data = file_get_contents("http://www.somesite/somepage.html"); This is the error I get when I try to use the first example' Warning: file_get_contents() expects parameter 1 to be string, array given in /home3/path/public_html/mysite.com/boise_project/scriptmainpage.php on line 13 As requested here is a sample of the var_dump on $urlscrape_array[0] array(504) { [0]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-3178.html" [1]=> string(54) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-16.html" [2]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-3202.html" [3]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-4324.html" [4]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-4777.html" [5]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-5140.html" [6]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-5220.html" [7]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-9205.html" [8]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-3251.html" [9]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/somepage-3323.html" [10]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/some-page-3797.html" [11]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/some-page-4145.html" [12]=> string(56) "http://www.somepage.com/some-page-3191.html" [13]=> string(55) "http://www.somepage.com/some-page-329.html" [14]=> string(56) etc.... Error as per the foreach statement provided by Uptown Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home3/bettyt45/public_html/bdbud.com/boise_project/boise-wordpress.php on line 12 NULL print_r resulst below; Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3178.html [1] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-16.html [2] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3202.html [3] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-4324.html [4] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-4777.html [5] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-5140.html [6] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-5220.html [7] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-9205.html [8] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3251.html [9] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3323.html [10] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3797.html [11] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-4145.html [12] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3191.html [13] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-329.html [14] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3341.html [15] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3758.html [16] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-4180.html [17] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-9014.html [18] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-5987.html [19] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-1542.html [20] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3004.html [21] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-9034.html [22] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3385.html [23] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-3435.html [24] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-6389.html [25] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-6992.html [26] => http://www.somesite.com/some-page-7051.html HERE IS THE CODE I USED TO CREATE THE ARRAY ABOVE; $urlscrape_data = file_get_contents('http://www.bdbud.com/boise_project/boise-urls.htm'); preg_match_all('~http\:\/\/www.creditunionsonline.com\/credit\-union\-\d{1,4}?\.html~', $urlscrape_data, $urlscrape_matches); $urlscrape_array = $urlscrape_matches;

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  • Android App Crashes On Second Run

    - by user1091286
    My app runs fine on first run. On the Menu I added two choices options and quit. options which set up a new intent who goes to a PreferenceActivity and quit which simply call: "android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());" On the second time I run my app (after I quit from inside the emulator) it crashes.. Ideas? the menu is called by the foolowing code: @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu , menu); return true; } - @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // Set up a new intent between the updater service and the main screen Intent options = new Intent(this, OptionsScreenActivity.class); // Switch case on the options switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.options: startActivity(options); return true; case R.id.quit: android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid()); return true; default: return false; } Code for SeekBarPreference: package com.testapp.logic; import com.testapp.R; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.preference.Preference; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.view.ViewParent; import android.widget.RelativeLayout; import android.widget.SeekBar; import android.widget.SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener; import android.widget.TextView; public class SeekBarPreference extends Preference implements OnSeekBarChangeListener { private final String TAG = getClass().getName(); private static final String ANDROIDNS="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"; private static final String PREFS="com.testapp.logic"; private static final int DEFAULT_VALUE = 5; private int mMaxValue = 100; private int mMinValue = 1; private int mInterval = 1; private int mCurrentValue; private String mUnitsLeft = ""; private String mUnitsRight = ""; private SeekBar mSeekBar; private TextView mStatusText; public SeekBarPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); initPreference(context, attrs); } public SeekBarPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); initPreference(context, attrs); } private void initPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { setValuesFromXml(attrs); mSeekBar = new SeekBar(context, attrs); mSeekBar.setMax(mMaxValue - mMinValue); mSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(this); } private void setValuesFromXml(AttributeSet attrs) { mMaxValue = attrs.getAttributeIntValue(ANDROIDNS, "max", 100); mMinValue = attrs.getAttributeIntValue(PREFS, "min", 0); mUnitsLeft = getAttributeStringValue(attrs, PREFS, "unitsLeft", ""); String units = getAttributeStringValue(attrs, PREFS, "units", ""); mUnitsRight = getAttributeStringValue(attrs, PREFS, "unitsRight", units); try { String newInterval = attrs.getAttributeValue(PREFS, "interval"); if(newInterval != null) mInterval = Integer.parseInt(newInterval); } catch(Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "Invalid interval value", e); } } private String getAttributeStringValue(AttributeSet attrs, String namespace, String name, String defaultValue) { String value = attrs.getAttributeValue(namespace, name); if(value == null) value = defaultValue; return value; } @Override protected View onCreateView(ViewGroup parent){ RelativeLayout layout = null; try { LayoutInflater mInflater = (LayoutInflater) getContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); layout = (RelativeLayout)mInflater.inflate(R.layout.seek_bar_preference, parent, false); } catch(Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "Error creating seek bar preference", e); } return layout; } @Override public void onBindView(View view) { super.onBindView(view); try { // move our seekbar to the new view we've been given ViewParent oldContainer = mSeekBar.getParent(); ViewGroup newContainer = (ViewGroup) view.findViewById(R.id.seekBarPrefBarContainer); if (oldContainer != newContainer) { // remove the seekbar from the old view if (oldContainer != null) { ((ViewGroup) oldContainer).removeView(mSeekBar); } // remove the existing seekbar (there may not be one) and add ours newContainer.removeAllViews(); newContainer.addView(mSeekBar, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); } } catch(Exception ex) { Log.e(TAG, "Error binding view: " + ex.toString()); } updateView(view); } /** * Update a SeekBarPreference view with our current state * @param view */ protected void updateView(View view) { try { RelativeLayout layout = (RelativeLayout)view; mStatusText = (TextView)layout.findViewById(R.id.seekBarPrefValue); mStatusText.setText(String.valueOf(mCurrentValue)); mStatusText.setMinimumWidth(30); mSeekBar.setProgress(mCurrentValue - mMinValue); TextView unitsRight = (TextView)layout.findViewById(R.id.seekBarPrefUnitsRight); unitsRight.setText(mUnitsRight); TextView unitsLeft = (TextView)layout.findViewById(R.id.seekBarPrefUnitsLeft); unitsLeft.setText(mUnitsLeft); } catch(Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "Error updating seek bar preference", e); } } public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) { int newValue = progress + mMinValue; if(newValue > mMaxValue) newValue = mMaxValue; else if(newValue < mMinValue) newValue = mMinValue; else if(mInterval != 1 && newValue % mInterval != 0) newValue = Math.round(((float)newValue)/mInterval)*mInterval; // change rejected, revert to the previous value if(!callChangeListener(newValue)){ seekBar.setProgress(mCurrentValue - mMinValue); return; } // change accepted, store it mCurrentValue = newValue; mStatusText.setText(String.valueOf(newValue)); persistInt(newValue); } public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {} public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) { notifyChanged(); } @Override protected Object onGetDefaultValue(TypedArray ta, int index){ int defaultValue = ta.getInt(index, DEFAULT_VALUE); return defaultValue; } @Override protected void onSetInitialValue(boolean restoreValue, Object defaultValue) { if(restoreValue) { mCurrentValue = getPersistedInt(mCurrentValue); } else { int temp = 0; try { temp = (Integer)defaultValue; } catch(Exception ex) { Log.e(TAG, "Invalid default value: " + defaultValue.toString()); } persistInt(temp); mCurrentValue = temp; } } } Logcat: E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): FATAL EXCEPTION: main E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{com.ui.testapp/com.logic.testapp.SeekBarPreferen ce}: java.lang.InstantiationException: can't instantiate class com.logic.testapp.SeekBarPreference; no empty constructor E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1879) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1980) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$600(ActivityThread.java:122) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1146) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4340) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:784) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:551) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: can't instantiate class com.logic.testapp.SeekBarPreference; no empty construc tor E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at java.lang.Class.newInstanceImpl(Native Method) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:1319) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1023) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1870) E/AndroidRuntime( 4525): ... 11 more W/ActivityManager( 84): Force finishing activity com.ui.testapp/com.logic.testapp.SeekBarPreference W/ActivityManager( 84): Force finishing activity com.ui.testapp/.MainScreen I/WindowManager( 84): createSurface Window{41a90320 paused=false}: DRAW NOW PENDING W/ActivityManager( 84): Activity pause timeout for ActivityRecord{4104a848 com.ui.testapp/com.logic.testapp.SeekBarPreference} W/NetworkManagementSocketTagger( 84): setKernelCountSet(10021, 1) failed with errno -2 I/WindowManager( 84): createSurface Window{412bcc10 com.android.launcher/com.android.launcher2.Launcher paused=false}: DRAW NOW PENDING W/NetworkManagementSocketTagger( 84): setKernelCountSet(10045, 0) failed with errno -2 I/Process ( 4525): Sending signal. PID: 4525 SIG: 9 I/ActivityManager( 84): Process com.ui.testapp (pid 4525) has died. I/WindowManager( 84): WIN DEATH: Window{41a6c9c0 com.ui.testapp/com.ui.testapp.MainScreen paused=true}

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  • C socket programming: select() is returning 0 despite messages sent from server

    - by Fantastic Fourier
    Hey all, I'm using select() to recv() messages from server, using TCP/IP. When I send() messages from the server, it returns a reasonable number of bytes, saying it's sent successful. And it does get to the client successfully when I use while loop to just recv(). Everything is fine and dandy. while(1) recv() // obviously pseudocode However, when I try to use select(), select() returns 0 from timeout (which is set to 1 second) and for the life of me I cannot figure out why it doesn't see the messages sent from the server. I should also mention that when the server disconnects, select() doesn't see that either, where as if I were to use recv(), it would return 0 to indicate that the connection using the socket has been closed. Any inputs or thoughts are deeply appreciated. #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <strings.h> #include <sys/select.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <time.h> #include <unistd.h> #define SERVER_PORT 10000 #define MAX_CONNECTION 20 #define MAX_MSG 50 struct client { char c_name[MAX_MSG]; char g_name[MAX_MSG]; int csock; int host; // 0 = not host of a multicast group struct sockaddr_in client_address; struct client * next_host; struct client * next_client; }; struct fd_info { char c_name[MAX_MSG]; int socks_inuse[MAX_CONNECTION]; int sock_fd, max_fd; int exit; struct client * c_sys; struct sockaddr_in c_address[MAX_CONNECTION]; struct sockaddr_in server_address; struct sockaddr_in client_address; fd_set read_set; }; struct message { char c_name[MAX_MSG]; char g_name[MAX_MSG]; char _command[3][MAX_MSG]; char _payload[MAX_MSG]; struct sockaddr_in client_address; struct client peer; }; int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { char * host; char * temp; int i, sockfd; int msg_len, rv, ready; int connection, management, socketread; int sockfds[MAX_CONNECTION]; // for three threads that handle new connections, user inputs and select() for sockets pthread_t connection_handler, manager, socket_reader; struct sockaddr_in server_address, client_address; struct hostent * hserver, cserver; struct timeval timeout; struct message msg; struct fd_info info; info.exit = 0; // exit information: if exit = 1, threads quit info.c_sys = NULL; // looking up from the host database if (argc == 3) { host = argv[1]; // server address strncpy(info.c_name, argv[2], strlen(argv[2])); // client name } else { printf("plz read the manual, kthxbai\n"); exit(1); } printf("host is %s and hp is %p\n", host, hserver); hserver = gethostbyname(host); if (hserver) { printf("host found: %s\n", hserver->h_name ); } else { printf("host not found\n"); exit(1); } // setting up address and port structure information on serverside bzero((char * ) &server_address, sizeof(server_address)); // copy zeroes into string server_address.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy(&server_address.sin_addr, hserver->h_addr, hserver->h_length); server_address.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); bzero((char * ) &client_address, sizeof(client_address)); // copy zeroes into string client_address.sin_family = AF_INET; client_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); client_address.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); // opening up socket sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sockfd < 0) exit(1); else { printf("socket is opened: %i \n", sockfd); info.sock_fd = sockfd; } // sets up time out option for the bound socket timeout.tv_sec = 1; // seconds timeout.tv_usec = 0; // micro seconds ( 0.5 seconds) setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &timeout, sizeof(struct timeval)); // binding socket to a port rv = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_address, sizeof(client_address)); if (rv < 0) { printf("MAIN: ERROR bind() %i: %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } else printf("socket is bound\n"); printf("MAIN: %li \n", client_address.sin_addr.s_addr); // connecting rv = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_address, sizeof(server_address)); info.server_address = server_address; info.client_address = client_address; info.sock_fd = sockfd; info.max_fd = sockfd; printf("rv = %i\n", rv); if (rv < 0) { printf("MAIN: ERROR connect() %i: %s\n", errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } else printf("connected\n"); fd_set readset; FD_ZERO(&readset); FD_ZERO(&info.read_set); FD_SET(info.sock_fd, &info.read_set); while(1) { readset = info.read_set; printf("MAIN: %i \n", readset); ready = select((info.max_fd)+1, &readset, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if(ready == -1) { sleep(2); printf("TEST: MAIN: ready = -1. %s \n", strerror(errno)); } else if (ready == 0) { sleep(2); printf("TEST: MAIN: ready = 0. %s \n", strerror(errno)); } else if (ready > 0) { printf("TEST: MAIN: ready = %i. %s at socket %i \n", ready, strerror(errno), i); for(i = 0; i < ((info.max_fd)+1); i++) { if(FD_ISSET(i, &readset)) { rv = recv(sockfd, &msg, 500, 0); if(rv < 0) continue; else if(rv > 0) printf("MAIN: TEST: %s %s \n", msg._command[0], msg._payload); else if (rv == 0) { sleep(3); printf("MAIN: TEST: SOCKET CLOSEDDDDDD \n"); } FD_CLR(i, &readset); } } } info.read_set = readset; } // close connection close(sockfd); printf("socket closed. BYE! \n"); return(0); }

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  • Doctrine MYSQL 150+ tables: generating models works, but not vice-versa?

    - by ropstah
    I can generate my models and schema.yml file based on an existing database. But when I try to do it the other way around using Doctrine::createTablesFromModels() i get an error: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 So either of these works: Doctrine::generateYamlFromDb(APPPATH . 'models/yaml'); Doctrine::generateYamlFromModels(APPPATH . 'models/yaml', APPPATH . 'models'); Doctrine::generateModelsFromYaml(APPPATH . 'models/yaml', APPPATH . 'models', array('generateTableClasses' => true)); Doctrine::generateModelsFromDb(APPATH . 'models', array('default'), array('generateTableClasses' => true)); But this fails (it drops/creates the database and around 50 tables): Doctrine::dropDatabases(); Doctrine::createDatabases(); Doctrine::createTablesFromModels(); The partially outputted SQL query shows that the error is around the Notification object which looks like this: Any leads would be highly appreciated! <?php // Connection Component Binding Doctrine_Manager::getInstance()->bindComponent('Notification', 'default'); /** * BaseNotification * * This class has been auto-generated by the Doctrine ORM Framework * * @property integer $n_auto_key * @property integer $type * @property string $title * @property string $message * @property timestamp $entry_date * @property timestamp $update_date * @property integer $u_auto_key * @property integer $c_auto_key * @property integer $ub_auto_key * @property integer $o_auto_key * @property integer $notified * @property integer $read * @property integer $urgence * * @package ##PACKAGE## * @subpackage ##SUBPACKAGE## * @author ##NAME## <##EMAIL##> * @version SVN: $Id: Builder.php 6820 2009-11-30 17:27:49Z jwage $ */ abstract class BaseNotification extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('Notification'); $this->hasColumn('n_auto_key', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => true, 'autoincrement' => true, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('type', 'integer', 1, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '1', )); $this->hasColumn('title', 'string', 50, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '50', )); $this->hasColumn('message', 'string', null, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('entry_date', 'timestamp', 25, array( 'type' => 'timestamp', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '25', )); $this->hasColumn('update_date', 'timestamp', 25, array( 'type' => 'timestamp', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => false, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '25', )); $this->hasColumn('u_auto_key', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('c_auto_key', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => false, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('ub_auto_key', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => false, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('o_auto_key', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => false, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('notified', 'integer', 1, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'default' => '0', 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '1', )); $this->hasColumn('read', 'integer', 1, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'default' => '0', 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '1', )); $this->hasColumn('urgence', 'integer', 1, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'default' => '0', 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '1', )); } public function setUp() { parent::setUp(); } }

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  • Many-to-one relation exception due to closed session after loading

    - by Nick Thissen
    Hi, I am using NHibernate (version 1.2.1) for the first time so I wrote a simple test application (an ASP.NET project) that uses it. In my database I have two tables: Persons and Categories. Each person gets one category, seems easy enough. | Persons | | Categories | |--------------| |--------------| | Id (PK) | | Id (PK) | | Firstname | | CategoryName | | Lastname | | CreatedTime | | CategoryId | | UpdatedTime | | CreatedTime | | Deleted | | UpdatedTime | | Deleted | The Id, CreatedTime, UpdatedTime and Deleted attributes are a convention I use in all my tables, so I have tried to bring this fact into an additional abstraction layer. I have a project DatabaseFramework which has three important classes: Entity: an abstract class that defines these four properties. All 'entity objects' (in this case Person and Category) must inherit Entity. IEntityManager: a generic interface (type parameter as Entity) that defines methods like Load, Insert, Update, etc. NHibernateEntityManager: an implementation of this interface using NHibernate to do the loading, saving, etc. Now, the Person and Category classes are straightforward, they just define the attributes of the tables of course (keeping in mind that four of them are in the base Entity class). Since the Persons table is related to the Categories table via the CategoryId attribute, the Person class has a Category property that holds the related category. However, in my webpage, I will also need the name of this category (CategoryName), for databinding purposes for example. So I created an additional property CategoryName that returns the CategoryName property of the current Category property, or an empty string if the Category is null: Namespace Database Public Class Person Inherits DatabaseFramework.Entity Public Overridable Property Firstname As String Public Overridable Property Lastname As String Public Overridable Property Category As Category Public Overridable ReadOnly Property CategoryName As String Get Return If(Me.Category Is Nothing, _ String.Empty, _ Me.Category.CategoryName) End Get End Property End Class End Namespace I am mapping the Person class using this mapping file. The many-to-one relation was suggested by Yads in another thread: <id name="Id" column="Id" type="int" unsaved-value="0"> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="CreatedTime" type="DateTime" not-null="true" /> <property name="UpdatedTime" type="DateTime" not-null="true" /> <property name="Deleted" type="Boolean" not-null="true" /> <property name="Firstname" type="String" /> <property name="Lastname" type="String" /> <many-to-one name="Category" column="CategoryId" class="NHibernateWebTest.Database.Category, NHibernateWebTest" /> (I can't get it to show the root node, this forum hides it, I don't know how to escape the html-like tags...) The final important detail is the Load method of the NHibernateEntityManager implementation. (This is in C# as it's in a different project, sorry about that). I simply open a new ISession (ISessionFactory.OpenSession) in the GetSession method and then use that to fill an EntityCollection(Of TEntity) which is just a collection inheriting System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection(Of T). public virtual EntityCollection< TEntity Load() { using (ISession session = this.GetSession()) { var entities = session .CreateCriteria(typeof (TEntity)) .Add(Expression.Eq("Deleted", false)) .List< TEntity (); return new EntityCollection< TEntity (entities); } } (Again, I can't get it to format the code correctly, it hides the generic type parameters, probably because it reads the angled symbols as a HTML tag..? If you know how to let me do that, let me know!) Now, the idea of this Load method is that I get a fully functional collection of Persons, all their properties set to the correct values (including the Category property, and thus, the CategoryName property should return the correct name). However, it seems that is not the case. When I try to data-bind the result of this Load method to a GridView in ASP.NET, it tells me this: Property accessor 'CategoryName' on object 'NHibernateWebTest.Database.Person' threw the following exception:'Could not initialize proxy - the owning Session was closed.' The exception occurs on the DataBind method call here: public virtual void LoadGrid() { if (this.Grid == null) return; this.Grid.DataSource = this.Manager.Load(); this.Grid.DataBind(); } Well, of course the session is closed, I closed it via the using block. Isn't that the correct approach, should I keep the session open? And for how long? Can I close it after the DataBind method has been run? In each case, I'd really like my Load method to just return a functional collection of items. It seems to me that it is now only getting the Category when it is required (eg, when the GridView wants to read the CategoryName, which wants to read the Category property), but at that time the session is closed. Is that reasoning correct? How do I stop this behavior? Or shouldn't I? And what should I do otherwise? Thanks!

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  • Are there any security vulnerabilities in this PHP code?

    - by skorned
    Hi. I just got a site to manage, but am not too sure about the code the previous guy wrote. I'm pasting the login procedure below, could you have a look and tell me if there are any security vulnerabilities? At first glance, it seems like one could get in through SQL injection or manipulating cookies and the ?m= parameter. define ( 'CURRENT_TIME', time ()); / / Current time. define ( 'ONLINE_TIME_MIN', (CURRENT_TIME - BOTNET_TIMEOUT)); / / Minimum time for the status of "Online". define ( 'DEFAULT_LANGUAGE', 'en'); / / Default language. define ( 'THEME_PATH', 'theme'); / / folder for the theme. / / HTTP requests. define ( 'QUERY_SCRIPT', basename ($ _SERVER [ 'PHP_SELF'])); define ( 'QUERY_SCRIPT_HTML', QUERY_SCRIPT); define ( 'QUERY_VAR_MODULE', 'm'); / / variable contains the current module. define ( 'QUERY_STRING_BLANK', QUERY_SCRIPT. '? m ='); / / An empty query string. define ( 'QUERY_STRING_BLANK_HTML', QUERY_SCRIPT_HTML. '? m ='); / / Empty query string in HTML. define ( 'CP_HTTP_ROOT', str_replace ( '\ \', '/', (! empty ($ _SERVER [ 'SCRIPT_NAME'])? dirname ($ _SERVER [ 'SCRIPT_NAME']):'/'))); / / root of CP. / / The session cookie. define ( 'COOKIE_USER', 'p'); / / Username in the cookies. define ( 'COOKIE_PASS', 'u'); / / user password in the cookies. define ( 'COOKIE_LIVETIME', CURRENT_TIME + 2592000) / / Lifetime cookies. define ( 'COOKIE_SESSION', 'ref'); / / variable to store the session. define ( 'SESSION_LIVETIME', CURRENT_TIME + 1300) / / Lifetime of the session. ////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////// / / Initialize. ////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////// / / Connect to the database. if (! ConnectToDB ()) die (mysql_error_ex ()); / / Connecting topic. require_once (THEME_PATH. '/ index.php'); / / Manage login. if (! empty ($ _GET [QUERY_VAR_MODULE])) ( / / Login form. if (strcmp ($ _GET [QUERY_VAR_MODULE], 'login') === 0) ( UnlockSessionAndDestroyAllCokies (); if (isset ($ _POST [ 'user']) & & isset ($ _POST [ 'pass'])) ( $ user = $ _POST [ 'user']; $ pass = md5 ($ _POST [ 'pass']); / / Check login. if (@ mysql_query ( "SELECT id FROM cp_users WHERE name = '". addslashes ($ user). "' AND pass = '". addslashes ($ pass). "' AND flag_enabled = '1 'LIMIT 1") & & @ mysql_affected_rows () == 1) ( if (isset ($ _POST [ 'remember']) & & $ _POST [ 'remember'] == 1) ( setcookie (COOKIE_USER, md5 ($ user), COOKIE_LIVETIME, CP_HTTP_ROOT); setcookie (COOKIE_PASS, $ pass, COOKIE_LIVETIME, CP_HTTP_ROOT); ) LockSession (); $ _SESSION [ 'Name'] = $ user; $ _SESSION [ 'Pass'] = $ pass; / / UnlockSession (); header ( 'Location:'. QUERY_STRING_BLANK. 'home'); ) else ShowLoginForm (true); die (); ) ShowLoginForm (false); die (); ) / / Output if (strcmp ($ _GET [ 'm'], 'logout') === 0) ( UnlockSessionAndDestroyAllCokies (); header ( 'Location:'. QUERY_STRING_BLANK. 'login'); die (); ) ) ////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////// / / Check the login data. ////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////// $ logined = 0, / / flag means, we zalogininy. / / Log in session. LockSession (); if (! empty ($ _SESSION [ 'name']) & &! empty ($ _SESSION [ 'pass'])) ( if (($ r = @ mysql_query ( "SELECT * FROM cp_users WHERE name = '". addslashes ($ _SESSION [' name'])."' AND pass = ' ". addslashes ($ _SESSION [' pass']). " 'AND flag_enabled = '1' LIMIT 1 ")))$ logined = @ mysql_affected_rows (); ) / / Login through cookies. if ($ logined! == 1 & &! empty ($ _COOKIE [COOKIE_USER]) & &! empty ($ _COOKIE [COOKIE_PASS])) ( if (($ r = @ mysql_query ( "SELECT * FROM cp_users WHERE MD5 (name )='". addslashes ($ _COOKIE [COOKIE_USER ])."' AND pass = '". addslashes ($ _COOKIE [COOKIE_PASS]). " 'AND flag_enabled = '1' LIMIT 1 ")))$ logined = @ mysql_affected_rows (); ) / / Unable to login. if ($ logined! == 1) ( UnlockSessionAndDestroyAllCokies (); header ( 'Location:'. QUERY_STRING_BLANK. 'login'); die (); ) / / Get the user data. $ _USER_DATA = @ Mysql_fetch_assoc ($ r); if ($ _USER_DATA === false) die (mysql_error_ex ()); $ _SESSION [ 'Name'] = $ _USER_DATA [ 'name']; $ _SESSION [ 'Pass'] = $ _USER_DATA [ 'pass']; / / Connecting language. if (@ strlen ($ _USER_DATA [ 'language'])! = 2 | |! SafePath ($ _USER_DATA [ 'language']) | |! file_exists ( 'system / lng .'.$_ USER_DATA [' language '].' . php'))$_ USER_DATA [ 'language'] = DEFAULT_LANGUAGE; require_once ( 'system / lng .'.$_ USER_DATA [' language'].'. php '); UnlockSession ();

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  • setting up linked list Java

    - by erp
    I'm working on some basic linked list stuff, like insert, delete, go to the front or end of the list, and basically i understand the concept of all of that stuff once i have the list i guess but im having trouble setting up the list. I was wondering of you guys could tell me if im going in the right direction. (mostly just the setup) this is what i have so far: public class List { private int size; private List linkedList; List head; List cur; List next; /** * Creates an empty list. * @pre * @post */ public List(){ linkedList = new List(); this.head = null; cur = head; } /** * Delete the current element from this list. The element after the deleted element becomes the new current. * If that's not possible, then the element before the deleted element becomes the new current. * If that is also not possible, then you need to recognize what state the list is in and define current accordingly. * Nothing should be done if a delete is not possible. * @pre * @post */ public void delete(){ // delete size--; } /** * Get the value of the current element. If this is not possible, throw an IllegalArgumentException. * @pre the list is not empty * @post * @return value of the current element. */ public char get(){ return getItem(cur); } /** * Go to the last element of the list. If this is not possible, don't change the cursor. * @pre * @post */ public void goLast(){ while (cur.next != null){ cur = cur.next; } } /** * Advance the cursor to the next element. If this is not possible, don't change the cursor. * @pre * @post */ public void goNext(){ if(cur.next != null){ cur = cur.next;} //else do nothing } /** * Retreat the cursor to the previous element. If this is not possible, don't change the cursor. * @pre * @post */ public void goPrev(){ } /** * Go to top of the list. This is the position before the first element. * @pre * @post */ public void goTop(){ } /** * Go to first element of the list. If this is not possible, don't change the cursor. * @pre * @post */ public void goFirst(){ } /** * Insert the given parameter after the current element. The newly inserted element becomes the current element. * @pre * @post * @param newVal : value to insert after the current element. */ public void insert(char newVal){ cur.setItem(newVal); size++; } /** * Determines if this list is empty. Empty means this list has no elements. * @pre * @post * @return true if the list is empty. */ public boolean isEmpty(){ return head == null; } /** * Determines the size of the list. The size of the list is the number of elements in the list. * @pre * @post * @return size which is the number of elements in the list. */ public int size(){ return size; } public class Node { private char item; private Node next; public Node() { } public Node(char item) { this.item = item; } public Node(char item, Node next) { this.item = item; this.next = next; } public char getItem() { return this.item; } public void setItem(char item) { this.item = item; } public Node getNext() { return this.next; } public void setNext(Node next) { this.next = next; } } } I got the node class alright (well i think it works alright), but is it necessary to even have that class? or can i go about it without even using it (just curious). And for example on the method get() in the list class can i not call that getItem() method from the node class because it's getting an error even though i thought that was the whole point for the node class. bottom line i just wanna make sure im setting up the list right. Thanks for any help guys, im new to linked list's so bear with me!

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  • Using FiddlerCore to capture HTTP Requests with .NET

    - by Rick Strahl
    Over the last few weeks I’ve been working on my Web load testing utility West Wind WebSurge. One of the key components of a load testing tool is the ability to capture URLs effectively so that you can play them back later under load. One of the options in WebSurge for capturing URLs is to use its built-in capture tool which acts as an HTTP proxy to capture any HTTP and HTTPS traffic from most Windows HTTP clients, including Web Browsers as well as standalone Windows applications and services. To make this happen, I used Eric Lawrence’s awesome FiddlerCore library, which provides most of the functionality of his desktop Fiddler application, all rolled into an easy to use library that you can plug into your own applications. FiddlerCore makes it almost too easy to capture HTTP content! For WebSurge I needed to capture all HTTP traffic in order to capture the full HTTP request – URL, headers and any content posted by the client. The result of what I ended up creating is this semi-generic capture form: In this post I’m going to demonstrate how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to build this HTTP Capture Form.  If you want to jump right in here are the links to get Telerik’s Fiddler Core and the code for the demo provided here. FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore on NuGet Show me the Code (WebSurge Integration code from GitHub) Download the WinForms Sample Form West Wind Web Surge (example implementation in live app) Note that FiddlerCore is bound by a license for commercial usage – see license.txt in the FiddlerCore distribution for details. Integrating FiddlerCore FiddlerCore is a library that simply plugs into your application. You can download it from the Telerik site and manually add the assemblies to your project, or you can simply install the NuGet package via:       PM> Install-Package FiddlerCore The library consists of the FiddlerCore.dll as well as a couple of support libraries (CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll) that are used for installing SSL certificates. I’ll have more on SSL captures and certificate installation later in this post. But first let’s see how easy it is to use FiddlerCore to capture HTTP content by looking at how to build the above capture form. Capturing HTTP Content Once the library is installed it’s super easy to hook up Fiddler functionality. Fiddler includes a number of static class methods on the FiddlerApplication object that can be called to hook up callback events as well as actual start monitoring HTTP URLs. In the following code directly lifted from WebSurge, I configure a few filter options on Form level object, from the user inputs shown on the form by assigning it to a capture options object. In the live application these settings are persisted configuration values, but in the demo they are one time values initialized and set on the form. Once these options are set, I hook up the AfterSessionComplete event to capture every URL that passes through the proxy after the request is completed and start up the Proxy service:void Start() { if (tbIgnoreResources.Checked) CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = true; else CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources = false; string strProcId = txtProcessId.Text; if (strProcId.Contains('-')) strProcId = strProcId.Substring(strProcId.IndexOf('-') + 1).Trim(); strProcId = strProcId.Trim(); int procId = 0; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strProcId)) { if (!int.TryParse(strProcId, out procId)) procId = 0; } CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId = procId; CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain = txtCaptureDomain.Text; FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete += FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; FiddlerApplication.Startup(8888, true, true, true); } The key lines for FiddlerCore are just the last two lines of code that include the event hookup code as well as the Startup() method call. Here I only hook up to the AfterSessionComplete event but there are a number of other events that hook various stages of the HTTP request cycle you can also hook into. Other events include BeforeRequest, BeforeResponse, RequestHeadersAvailable, ResponseHeadersAvailable and so on. In my case I want to capture the request data and I actually have several options to capture this data. AfterSessionComplete is the last event that fires in the request sequence and it’s the most common choice to capture all request and response data. I could have used several other events, but AfterSessionComplete is one place where you can look both at the request and response data, so this will be the most common place to hook into if you’re capturing content. The implementation of AfterSessionComplete is responsible for capturing all HTTP request headers and it looks something like this:private void FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete(Session sess) { // Ignore HTTPS connect requests if (sess.RequestMethod == "CONNECT") return; if (CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId > 0) { if (sess.LocalProcessID != 0 && sess.LocalProcessID != CaptureConfiguration.ProcessId) return; } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain)) { if (sess.hostname.ToLower() != CaptureConfiguration.CaptureDomain.Trim().ToLower()) return; } if (CaptureConfiguration.IgnoreResources) { string url = sess.fullUrl.ToLower(); var extensions = CaptureConfiguration.ExtensionFilterExclusions; foreach (var ext in extensions) { if (url.Contains(ext)) return; } var filters = CaptureConfiguration.UrlFilterExclusions; foreach (var urlFilter in filters) { if (url.Contains(urlFilter)) return; } } if (sess == null || sess.oRequest == null || sess.oRequest.headers == null) return; string headers = sess.oRequest.headers.ToString(); var reqBody = sess.GetRequestBodyAsString(); // if you wanted to capture the response //string respHeaders = session.oResponse.headers.ToString(); //var respBody = session.GetResponseBodyAsString(); // replace the HTTP line to inject full URL string firstLine = sess.RequestMethod + " " + sess.fullUrl + " " + sess.oRequest.headers.HTTPVersion; int at = headers.IndexOf("\r\n"); if (at < 0) return; headers = firstLine + "\r\n" + headers.Substring(at + 1); string output = headers + "\r\n" + (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(reqBody) ? reqBody + "\r\n" : string.Empty) + Separator + "\r\n\r\n"; BeginInvoke(new Action<string>((text) => { txtCapture.AppendText(text); UpdateButtonStatus(); }), output); } The code starts by filtering out some requests based on the CaptureOptions I set before the capture is started. These options/filters are applied when requests actually come in. This is very useful to help narrow down the requests that are captured for playback based on options the user picked. I find it useful to limit requests to a certain domain for captures, as well as filtering out some request types like static resources – images, css, scripts etc. This is of course optional, but I think it’s a common scenario and WebSurge makes good use of this feature. AfterSessionComplete like other FiddlerCore events, provides a Session object parameter which contains all the request and response details. There are oRequest and oResponse objects to hold their respective data. In my case I’m interested in the raw request headers and body only, as you can see in the commented code you can also retrieve the response headers and body. Here the code captures the request headers and body and simply appends the output to the textbox on the screen. Note that the Fiddler events are asynchronous, so in order to display the content in the UI they have to be marshaled back the UI thread with BeginInvoke, which here simply takes the generated headers and appends it to the existing textbox test on the form. As each request is processed, the headers are captured and appended to the bottom of the textbox resulting in a Session HTTP capture in the format that Web Surge internally supports, which is basically raw request headers with a customized 1st HTTP Header line that includes the full URL rather than a server relative URL. When the capture is done the user can either copy the raw HTTP session to the clipboard, or directly save it to file. This raw capture format is the same format WebSurge and also Fiddler use to import/export request data. While this code is application specific, it demonstrates the kind of logic that you can easily apply to the request capture process, which is one of the reasonsof why FiddlerCore is so powerful. You get to choose what content you want to look up as part of your own application logic and you can then decide how to capture or use that data as part of your application. The actual captured data in this case is only a string. The user can edit the data by hand or in the the case of WebSurge, save it to disk and automatically open the captured session as a new load test. Stopping the FiddlerCore Proxy Finally to stop capturing requests you simply disconnect the event handler and call the FiddlerApplication.ShutDown() method:void Stop() { FiddlerApplication.AfterSessionComplete -= FiddlerApplication_AfterSessionComplete; if (FiddlerApplication.IsStarted()) FiddlerApplication.Shutdown(); } As you can see, adding HTTP capture functionality to an application is very straight forward. FiddlerCore offers tons of features I’m not even touching on here – I suspect basic captures are the most common scenario, but a lot of different things can be done with FiddlerCore’s simple API interface. Sky’s the limit! The source code for this sample capture form (WinForms) is provided as part of this article. Adding Fiddler Certificates with FiddlerCore One of the sticking points in West Wind WebSurge has been that if you wanted to capture HTTPS/SSL traffic, you needed to have the full version of Fiddler and have HTTPS decryption enabled. Essentially you had to use Fiddler to configure HTTPS decryption and the associated installation of the Fiddler local client certificate that is used for local decryption of incoming SSL traffic. While this works just fine, requiring to have Fiddler installed and then using a separate application to configure the SSL functionality isn’t ideal. Fortunately FiddlerCore actually includes the tools to register the Fiddler Certificate directly using FiddlerCore. Why does Fiddler need a Certificate in the first Place? Fiddler and FiddlerCore are essentially HTTP proxies which means they inject themselves into the HTTP conversation by re-routing HTTP traffic to a special HTTP port (8888 by default for Fiddler) and then forward the HTTP data to the original client. Fiddler injects itself as the system proxy in using the WinInet Windows settings  which are the same settings that Internet Explorer uses and that are configured in the Windows and Internet Explorer Internet Settings dialog. Most HTTP clients running on Windows pick up and apply these system level Proxy settings before establishing new HTTP connections and that’s why most clients automatically work once Fiddler – or FiddlerCore/WebSurge are running. For plain HTTP requests this just works – Fiddler intercepts the HTTP requests on the proxy port and then forwards them to the original port (80 for HTTP and 443 for SSL typically but it could be any port). For SSL however, this is not quite as simple – Fiddler can easily act as an HTTPS/SSL client to capture inbound requests from the server, but when it forwards the request to the client it has to also act as an SSL server and provide a certificate that the client trusts. This won’t be the original certificate from the remote site, but rather a custom local certificate that effectively simulates an SSL connection between the proxy and the client. If there is no custom certificate configured for Fiddler the SSL request fails with a certificate validation error. The key for this to work is that a custom certificate has to be installed that the HTTPS client trusts on the local machine. For a much more detailed description of the process you can check out Eric Lawrence’s blog post on Certificates. If you’re using the desktop version of Fiddler you can install a local certificate into the Windows certificate store. Fiddler proper does this from the Options menu: This operation does several things: It installs the Fiddler Root Certificate It sets trust to this Root Certificate A new client certificate is generated for each HTTPS site monitored Certificate Installation with FiddlerCore You can also provide this same functionality using FiddlerCore which includes a CertMaker class. Using CertMaker is straight forward to use and it provides an easy way to create some simple helpers that can install and uninstall a Fiddler Root certificate:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } return true; } InstallCertificate() works by first checking whether the root certificate is already installed and if it isn’t goes ahead and creates a new one. The process of creating the certificate is a two step process – first the actual certificate is created and then it’s moved into the certificate store to become trusted. I’m not sure why you’d ever split these operations up since a cert created without trust isn’t going to be of much value, but there are two distinct steps. When you trigger the trustRootCert() method, a message box will pop up on the desktop that lets you know that you’re about to trust a local private certificate. This is a security feature to ensure that you really want to trust the Fiddler root since you are essentially installing a man in the middle certificate. It’s quite safe to use this generated root certificate, because it’s been specifically generated for your machine and thus is not usable from external sources, the only way to use this certificate in a trusted way is from the local machine. IOW, unless somebody has physical access to your machine, there’s no useful way to hijack this certificate and use it for nefarious purposes (see Eric’s post for more details). Once the Root certificate has been installed, FiddlerCore/Fiddler create new certificates for each site that is connected to with HTTPS. You can end up with quite a few temporary certificates in your certificate store. To uninstall you can either use Fiddler and simply uncheck the Decrypt HTTPS traffic option followed by the remove Fiddler certificates button, or you can use FiddlerCore’s CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts() which removes the root cert and any of the intermediary certificates Fiddler created. Keep in mind that when you uninstall you uninstall the certificate for both FiddlerCore and Fiddler, so use UninstallCertificate() with care and realize that you might affect the Fiddler application’s operation by doing so as well. When to check for an installed Certificate Note that the check to see if the root certificate exists is pretty fast, while the actual process of installing the certificate is a relatively slow operation that even on a fast machine takes a few seconds. Further the trust operation pops up a message box so you probably don’t want to install the certificate repeatedly. Since the check for the root certificate is fast, you can easily put a call to InstallCertificate() in any capture startup code – in which case the certificate installation only triggers when a certificate is in fact not installed. Personally I like to make certificate installation explicit – just like Fiddler does, so in WebSurge I use a small drop down option on the menu to install or uninstall the SSL certificate:   This code calls the InstallCertificate and UnInstallCertificate functions respectively – the experience with this is similar to what you get in Fiddler with the extra dialog box popping up to prompt confirmation for installation of the root certificate. Once the cert is installed you can then capture SSL requests. There’s a gotcha however… Gotcha: FiddlerCore Certificates don’t stick by Default When I originally tried to use the Fiddler certificate installation I ran into an odd problem. I was able to install the certificate and immediately after installation was able to capture HTTPS requests. Then I would exit the application and come back in and try the same HTTPS capture again and it would fail due to a missing certificate. CertMaker.rootCertExists() would return false after every restart and if re-installed the certificate a new certificate would get added to the certificate store resulting in a bunch of duplicated root certificates with different keys. What the heck? CertMaker and BcMakeCert create non-sticky CertificatesI turns out that FiddlerCore by default uses different components from what the full version of Fiddler uses. Fiddler uses a Windows utility called MakeCert.exe to create the Fiddler Root certificate. FiddlerCore however installs the CertMaker.dll and BCMakeCert.dll assemblies, which use a different crypto library (Bouncy Castle) for certificate creation than MakeCert.exe which uses the Windows Crypto API. The assemblies provide support for non-windows operation for Fiddler under Mono, as well as support for some non-Windows certificate platforms like iOS and Android for decryption. The bottom line is that the FiddlerCore provided bouncy castle assemblies are not sticky by default as the certificates created with them are not cached as they are in Fiddler proper. To get certificates to ‘stick’ you have to explicitly cache the certificates in Fiddler’s internal preferences. A cache aware version of InstallCertificate looks something like this:public static bool InstallCertificate() { if (!CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.createRootCert()) return false; if (!CertMaker.trustRootCert()) return false; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", null); App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = FiddlerApplication.Prefs.GetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", null); } return true; } public static bool UninstallCertificate() { if (CertMaker.rootCertExists()) { if (!CertMaker.removeFiddlerGeneratedCerts(true)) return false; } App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert = null; App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key = null; return true; } In this code I store the Fiddler cert and private key in an application configuration settings that’s stored with the application settings (App.Configuration.UrlCapture object). These settings automatically persist when WebSurge is shut down. The values are read out of Fiddler’s internal preferences store which is set after a new certificate has been created. Likewise I clear out the configuration settings when the certificate is uninstalled. In order for these setting to be used you have to also load the configuration settings into the Fiddler preferences *before* a call to rootCertExists() is made. I do this in the capture form’s constructor:public FiddlerCapture(StressTestForm form) { InitializeComponent(); CaptureConfiguration = App.Configuration.UrlCapture; MainForm = form; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert)) { FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.key", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Key); FiddlerApplication.Prefs.SetStringPref("fiddler.certmaker.bc.cert", App.Configuration.UrlCapture.Cert); }} This is kind of a drag to do and not documented anywhere that I could find, so hopefully this will save you some grief if you want to work with the stock certificate logic that installs with FiddlerCore. MakeCert provides sticky Certificates and the same functionality as Fiddler But there’s actually an easier way. If you want to skip the above Fiddler preference configuration code in your application you can choose to distribute MakeCert.exe instead of certmaker.dll and bcmakecert.dll. When you use MakeCert.exe, the certificates settings are stored in Windows so they are available without any custom configuration inside of your application. It’s easier to integrate and as long as you run on Windows and you don’t need to support iOS or Android devices is simply easier to deal with. To integrate into your project, you can remove the reference to CertMaker.dll (and the BcMakeCert.dll assembly) from your project. Instead copy MakeCert.exe into your output folder. To make sure MakeCert.exe gets pushed out, include MakeCert.exe in your project and set the Build Action to None, and Copy to Output Directory to Copy if newer. Note that the CertMaker.dll reference in the project has been removed and on disk the files for Certmaker.dll, as well as the BCMakeCert.dll files on disk. Keep in mind that these DLLs are resources of the FiddlerCore NuGet package, so updating the package may end up pushing those files back into your project. Once MakeCert.exe is distributed FiddlerCore checks for it first before using the assemblies so as long as MakeCert.exe exists it’ll be used for certificate creation (at least on Windows). Summary FiddlerCore is a pretty sweet tool, and it’s absolutely awesome that we get to plug in most of the functionality of Fiddler right into our own applications. A few years back I tried to build this sort of functionality myself for an app and ended up giving up because it’s a big job to get HTTP right – especially if you need to support SSL. FiddlerCore now provides that functionality as a turnkey solution that can be plugged into your own apps easily. The only downside is FiddlerCore’s documentation for more advanced features like certificate installation which is pretty sketchy. While for the most part FiddlerCore’s feature set is easy to work with without any documentation, advanced features are often not intuitive to gleam by just using Intellisense or the FiddlerCore help file reference (which is not terribly useful). While Eric Lawrence is very responsive on his forum and on Twitter, there simply isn’t much useful documentation on Fiddler/FiddlerCore available online. If you run into trouble the forum is probably the first place to look and then ask a question if you can’t find the answer. The best documentation you can find is Eric’s Fiddler Book which covers a ton of functionality of Fiddler and FiddlerCore. The book is a great reference to Fiddler’s feature set as well as providing great insights into the HTTP protocol. The second half of the book that gets into the innards of HTTP is an excellent read for anybody who wants to know more about some of the more arcane aspects and special behaviors of HTTP – it’s well worth the read. While the book has tons of information in a very readable format, it’s unfortunately not a great reference as it’s hard to find things in the book and because it’s not available online you can’t electronically search for the great content in it. But it’s hard to complain about any of this given the obvious effort and love that’s gone into this awesome product for all of these years. A mighty big thanks to Eric Lawrence  for having created this useful tool that so many of us use all the time, and also to Telerik for picking up Fiddler/FiddlerCore and providing Eric the resources to support and improve this wonderful tool full time and keeping it free for all. Kudos! Resources FiddlerCore Download FiddlerCore NuGet Fiddler Capture Sample Form Fiddler Capture Form in West Wind WebSurge (GitHub) Eric Lawrence’s Fiddler Book© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2014Posted in .NET  HTTP   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • .NET HTML Sanitation for rich HTML Input

    - by Rick Strahl
    Recently I was working on updating a legacy application to MVC 4 that included free form text input. When I set up the new site my initial approach was to not allow any rich HTML input, only simple text formatting that would respect a few simple HTML commands for bold, lists etc. and automatically handles line break processing for new lines and paragraphs. This is typical for what I do with most multi-line text input in my apps and it works very well with very little development effort involved. Then the client sprung another note: Oh by the way we have a bunch of customers (real estate agents) who need to post complete HTML documents. Oh uh! There goes the simple theory. After some discussion and pleading on my part (<snicker>) to try and avoid this type of raw HTML input because of potential XSS issues, the client decided to go ahead and allow raw HTML input anyway. There has been lots of discussions on this subject on StackOverFlow (and here and here) but to after reading through some of the solutions I didn't really find anything that would work even closely for what I needed. Specifically we need to be able to allow just about any HTML markup, with the exception of script code. Remote CSS and Images need to be loaded, links need to work and so. While the 'legit' HTML posted by these agents is basic in nature it does span most of the full gamut of HTML (4). Most of the solutions XSS prevention/sanitizer solutions I found were way to aggressive and rendered the posted output unusable mostly because they tend to strip any externally loaded content. In short I needed a custom solution. I thought the best solution to this would be to use an HTML parser - in this case the Html Agility Pack - and then to run through all the HTML markup provided and remove any of the blacklisted tags and a number of attributes that are prone to JavaScript injection. There's much discussion on whether to use blacklists vs. whitelists in the discussions mentioned above, but I found that whitelists can make sense in simple scenarios where you might allow manual HTML input, but when you need to allow a larger array of HTML functionality a blacklist is probably easier to manage as the vast majority of elements and attributes could be allowed. Also white listing gets a bit more complex with HTML5 and the new proliferation of new HTML tags and most new tags generally don't affect XSS issues directly. Pure whitelisting based on elements and attributes also doesn't capture many edge cases (see some of the XSS cheat sheets listed below) so even with a white list, custom logic is still required to handle many of those edge cases. The Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXSS) My first thought was to check out the Microsoft AntiXSS library. Microsoft has an HTML Encoding and Sanitation library in the Microsoft Web Protection Library (formerly AntiXSS Library) on CodePlex, which provides stricter functions for whitelist encoding and sanitation. Initially I thought the Sanitation class and its static members would do the trick for me,but I found that this library is way too restrictive for my needs. Specifically the Sanitation class strips out images and links which rendered the full HTML from our real estate clients completely useless. I didn't spend much time with it, but apparently I'm not alone if feeling this library is not really useful without some way to configure operation. To give you an example of what didn't work for me with the library here's a small and simple HTML fragment that includes script, img and anchor tags. I would expect the script to be stripped and everything else to be left intact. Here's the original HTML:var value = "<b>Here</b> <script>alert('hello')</script> we go. Visit the " + "<a href='http://west-wind.com'>West Wind</a> site. " + "<img src='http://west-wind.com/images/new.gif' /> " ; and the code to sanitize it with the AntiXSS Sanitize class:@Html.Raw(Microsoft.Security.Application.Sanitizer.GetSafeHtmlFragment(value)) This produced a not so useful sanitized string: Here we go. Visit the <a>West Wind</a> site. While it removed the <script> tag (good) it also removed the href from the link and the image tag altogether (bad). In some situations this might be useful, but for most tasks I doubt this is the desired behavior. While links can contain javascript: references and images can 'broadcast' information to a server, without configuration to tell the library what to restrict this becomes useless to me. I couldn't find any way to customize the white list, nor is there code available in this 'open source' library on CodePlex. Using Html Agility Pack for HTML Parsing The WPL library wasn't going to cut it. After doing a bit of research I decided the best approach for a custom solution would be to use an HTML parser and inspect the HTML fragment/document I'm trying to import. I've used the HTML Agility Pack before for a number of apps where I needed an HTML parser without requiring an instance of a full browser like the Internet Explorer Application object which is inadequate in Web apps. In case you haven't checked out the Html Agility Pack before, it's a powerful HTML parser library that you can use from your .NET code. It provides a simple, parsable HTML DOM model to full HTML documents or HTML fragments that let you walk through each of the elements in your document. If you've used the HTML or XML DOM in a browser before you'll feel right at home with the Agility Pack. Blacklist based HTML Parsing to strip XSS Code For my purposes of HTML sanitation, the process involved is to walk the HTML document one element at a time and then check each element and attribute against a blacklist. There's quite a bit of argument of what's better: A whitelist of allowed items or a blacklist of denied items. While whitelists tend to be more secure, they also require a lot more configuration. In the case of HTML5 a whitelist could be very extensive. For what I need, I only want to ensure that no JavaScript is executed, so a blacklist includes the obvious <script> tag plus any tag that allows loading of external content including <iframe>, <object>, <embed> and <link> etc. <form>  is also excluded to avoid posting content to a different location. I also disallow <head> and <meta> tags in particular for my case, since I'm only allowing posting of HTML fragments. There is also some internal logic to exclude some attributes or attributes that include references to JavaScript or CSS expressions. The default tag blacklist reflects my use case, but is customizable and can be added to. Here's my HtmlSanitizer implementation:using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Xml; using HtmlAgilityPack; namespace Westwind.Web.Utilities { public class HtmlSanitizer { public HashSet<string> BlackList = new HashSet<string>() { { "script" }, { "iframe" }, { "form" }, { "object" }, { "embed" }, { "link" }, { "head" }, { "meta" } }; /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string and removes HTML tags in blacklist /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string SanitizeHtml(string html, params string[] blackList) { var sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer(); if (blackList != null && blackList.Length > 0) { sanitizer.BlackList.Clear(); foreach (string item in blackList) sanitizer.BlackList.Add(item); } return sanitizer.Sanitize(html); } /// <summary> /// Cleans up an HTML string by removing elements /// on the blacklist and all elements that start /// with onXXX . /// </summary> /// <param name="html"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string Sanitize(string html) { var doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); SanitizeHtmlNode(doc.DocumentNode); //return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); string output = null; // Use an XmlTextWriter to create self-closing tags using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { XmlWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter(sw); doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(writer); output = sw.ToString(); // strip off XML doc header if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(output)) { int at = output.IndexOf("?>"); output = output.Substring(at + 2); } writer.Close(); } doc = null; return output; } private void SanitizeHtmlNode(HtmlNode node) { if (node.NodeType == HtmlNodeType.Element) { // check for blacklist items and remove if (BlackList.Contains(node.Name)) { node.Remove(); return; } // remove CSS Expressions and embedded script links if (node.Name == "style") { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(node.InnerText)) { if (node.InnerHtml.Contains("expression") || node.InnerHtml.Contains("javascript:")) node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node); } } // remove script attributes if (node.HasAttributes) { for (int i = node.Attributes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { HtmlAttribute currentAttribute = node.Attributes[i]; var attr = currentAttribute.Name.ToLower(); var val = currentAttribute.Value.ToLower(); span style="background: white; color: green">// remove event handlers if (attr.StartsWith("on")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // remove script links else if ( //(attr == "href" || attr== "src" || attr == "dynsrc" || attr == "lowsrc") && val != null && val.Contains("javascript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); // Remove CSS Expressions else if (attr == "style" && val != null && val.Contains("expression") || val.Contains("javascript:") || val.Contains("vbscript:")) node.Attributes.Remove(currentAttribute); } } } // Look through child nodes recursively if (node.HasChildNodes) { for (int i = node.ChildNodes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { SanitizeHtmlNode(node.ChildNodes[i]); } } } } } Please note: Use this as a starting point only for your own parsing and review the code for your specific use case! If your needs are less lenient than mine were you can you can make this much stricter by not allowing src and href attributes or CSS links if your HTML doesn't allow it. You can also check links for external URLs and disallow those - lots of options.  The code is simple enough to make it easy to extend to fit your use cases more specifically. It's also quite easy to make this code work using a WhiteList approach if you want to go that route. The code above is semi-generic for allowing full featured HTML fragments that only disallow script related content. The Sanitize method walks through each node of the document and then recursively drills into all of its children until the entire document has been traversed. Note that the code here uses an XmlTextWriter to write output - this is done to preserve XHTML style self-closing tags which are otherwise left as non-self-closing tags. The sanitizer code scans for blacklist elements and removes those elements not allowed. Note that the blacklist is configurable either in the instance class as a property or in the static method via the string parameter list. Additionally the code goes through each element's attributes and looks for a host of rules gleaned from some of the XSS cheat sheets listed at the end of the post. Clearly there are a lot more XSS vulnerabilities, but a lot of them apply to ancient browsers (IE6 and versions of Netscape) - many of these glaring holes (like CSS expressions - WTF IE?) have been removed in modern browsers. What a Pain To be honest this is NOT a piece of code that I wanted to write. I think building anything related to XSS is better left to people who have far more knowledge of the topic than I do. Unfortunately, I was unable to find a tool that worked even closely for me, or even provided a working base. For the project I was working on I had no choice and I'm sharing the code here merely as a base line to start with and potentially expand on for specific needs. It's sad that Microsoft Web Protection Library is currently such a train wreck - this is really something that should come from Microsoft as the systems vendor or possibly a third party that provides security tools. Luckily for my application we are dealing with a authenticated and validated users so the user base is fairly well known, and relatively small - this is not a wide open Internet application that's directly public facing. As I mentioned earlier in the post, if I had my way I would simply not allow this type of raw HTML input in the first place, and instead rely on a more controlled HTML input mechanism like MarkDown or even a good HTML Edit control that can provide some limits on what types of input are allowed. Alas in this case I was overridden and we had to go forward and allow *any* raw HTML posted. Sometimes I really feel sad that it's come this far - how many good applications and tools have been thwarted by fear of XSS (or worse) attacks? So many things that could be done *if* we had a more secure browser experience and didn't have to deal with every little script twerp trying to hack into Web pages and obscure browser bugs. So much time wasted building secure apps, so much time wasted by others trying to hack apps… We're a funny species - no other species manages to waste as much time, effort and resources as we humans do :-) Resources Code on GitHub Html Agility Pack XSS Cheat Sheet XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet Microsoft Web Protection Library (AntiXss) StackOverflow Links: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/341872/html-sanitizer-for-net http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2008/06/safe-html-and-xss/ http://code.google.com/p/subsonicforums/source/browse/trunk/SubSonic.Forums.Data/HtmlScrubber.cs?r=61© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Security  HTML  ASP.NET  JavaScript   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Using JSON.NET for dynamic JSON parsing

    - by Rick Strahl
    With the release of ASP.NET Web API as part of .NET 4.5 and MVC 4.0, JSON.NET has effectively pushed out the .NET native serializers to become the default serializer for Web API. JSON.NET is vastly more flexible than the built in DataContractJsonSerializer or the older JavaScript serializer. The DataContractSerializer in particular has been very problematic in the past because it can't deal with untyped objects for serialization - like values of type object, or anonymous types which are quite common these days. The JavaScript Serializer that came before it actually does support non-typed objects for serialization but it can't do anything with untyped data coming in from JavaScript and it's overall model of extensibility was pretty limited (JavaScript Serializer is what MVC uses for JSON responses). JSON.NET provides a robust JSON serializer that has both high level and low level components, supports binary JSON, JSON contracts, Xml to JSON conversion, LINQ to JSON and many, many more features than either of the built in serializers. ASP.NET Web API now uses JSON.NET as its default serializer and is now pulled in as a NuGet dependency into Web API projects, which is great. Dynamic JSON Parsing One of the features that I think is getting ever more important is the ability to serialize and deserialize arbitrary JSON content dynamically - that is without mapping the JSON captured directly into a .NET type as DataContractSerializer or the JavaScript Serializers do. Sometimes it isn't possible to map types due to the differences in languages (think collections, dictionaries etc), and other times you simply don't have the structures in place or don't want to create them to actually import the data. If this topic sounds familiar - you're right! I wrote about dynamic JSON parsing a few months back before JSON.NET was added to Web API and when Web API and the System.Net HttpClient libraries included the System.Json classes like JsonObject and JsonArray. With the inclusion of JSON.NET in Web API these classes are now obsolete and didn't ship with Web API or the client libraries. I re-linked my original post to this one. In this post I'll discus JToken, JObject and JArray which are the dynamic JSON objects that make it very easy to create and retrieve JSON content on the fly without underlying types. Why Dynamic JSON? So, why Dynamic JSON parsing rather than strongly typed parsing? Since applications are interacting more and more with third party services it becomes ever more important to have easy access to those services with easy JSON parsing. Sometimes it just makes lot of sense to pull just a small amount of data out of large JSON document received from a service, because the third party service isn't directly related to your application's logic most of the time - and it makes little sense to map the entire service structure in your application. For example, recently I worked with the Google Maps Places API to return information about businesses close to me (or rather the app's) location. The Google API returns a ton of information that my application had no interest in - all I needed was few values out of the data. Dynamic JSON parsing makes it possible to map this data, without having to map the entire API to a C# data structure. Instead I could pull out the three or four values I needed from the API and directly store it on my business entities that needed to receive the data - no need to map the entire Maps API structure. Getting JSON.NET The easiest way to use JSON.NET is to grab it via NuGet and add it as a reference to your project. You can add it to your project with: PM> Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json From the Package Manager Console or by using Manage NuGet Packages in your project References. As mentioned if you're using ASP.NET Web API or MVC 4 JSON.NET will be automatically added to your project. Alternately you can also go to the CodePlex site and download the latest version including source code: http://json.codeplex.com/ Creating JSON on the fly with JObject and JArray Let's start with creating some JSON on the fly. It's super easy to create a dynamic object structure with any of the JToken derived JSON.NET objects. The most common JToken derived classes you are likely to use are JObject and JArray. JToken implements IDynamicMetaProvider and so uses the dynamic  keyword extensively to make it intuitive to create object structures and turn them into JSON via dynamic object syntax. Here's an example of creating a music album structure with child songs using JObject for the base object and songs and JArray for the actual collection of songs:[TestMethod] public void JObjectOutputTest() { // strong typed instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here using class interface jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // or cast to dynamic to dynamically add/read properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; album.Artist = "AC/DC"; album.YearReleased = 1976; album.Songs = new JArray() as dynamic; dynamic song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; song.SongLength = "4:11"; album.Songs.Add(song); song = new JObject(); song.SongName = "Love at First Feel"; song.SongLength = "3:10"; album.Songs.Add(song); Console.WriteLine(album.ToString()); } This produces a complete JSON structure: { "Entered": "2012-08-18T13:26:37.7137482-10:00", "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "Artist": "AC/DC", "YearReleased": 1976, "Songs": [ { "SongName": "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", "SongLength": "4:11" }, { "SongName": "Love at First Feel", "SongLength": "3:10" } ] } Notice that JSON.NET does a nice job formatting the JSON, so it's easy to read and paste into blog posts :-). JSON.NET includes a bunch of configuration options that control how JSON is generated. Typically the defaults are just fine, but you can override with the JsonSettings object for most operations. The important thing about this code is that there's no explicit type used for holding the values to serialize to JSON. Rather the JSON.NET objects are the containers that receive the data as I build up my JSON structure dynamically, simply by adding properties. This means this code can be entirely driven at runtime without compile time restraints of structure for the JSON output. Here I use JObject to create a album 'object' and immediately cast it to dynamic. JObject() is kind of similar in behavior to ExpandoObject in that it allows you to add properties by simply assigning to them. Internally, JObject values are stored in pseudo collections of key value pairs that are exposed as properties through the IDynamicMetaObject interface exposed in JSON.NET's JToken base class. For objects the syntax is very clean - you add simple typed values as properties. For objects and arrays you have to explicitly create new JObject or JArray, cast them to dynamic and then add properties and items to them. Always remember though these values are dynamic - which means no Intellisense and no compiler type checking. It's up to you to ensure that the names and values you create are accessed consistently and without typos in your code. Note that you can also access the JObject instance directly (not as dynamic) and get access to the underlying JObject type. This means you can assign properties by string, which can be useful for fully data driven JSON generation from other structures. Below you can see both styles of access next to each other:// strong type instance var jsonObject = new JObject(); // you can explicitly add values here jsonObject.Add("Entered", DateTime.Now); // expando style instance you can just 'use' properties dynamic album = jsonObject; album.AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"; JContainer (the base class for JObject and JArray) is a collection so you can also iterate over the properties at runtime easily:foreach (var item in jsonObject) { Console.WriteLine(item.Key + " " + item.Value.ToString()); } The functionality of the JSON objects are very similar to .NET's ExpandObject and if you used it before, you're already familiar with how the dynamic interfaces to the JSON objects works. Importing JSON with JObject.Parse() and JArray.Parse() The JValue structure supports importing JSON via the Parse() and Load() methods which can read JSON data from a string or various streams respectively. Essentially JValue includes the core JSON parsing to turn a JSON string into a collection of JsonValue objects that can be then referenced using familiar dynamic object syntax. Here's a simple example:public void JValueParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"{""Name"":""Rick"",""Company"":""West Wind"", ""Entered"":""2012-03-16T00:03:33.245-10:00""}"; dynamic json = JValue.Parse(jsonString); // values require casting string name = json.Name; string company = json.Company; DateTime entered = json.Entered; Assert.AreEqual(name, "Rick"); Assert.AreEqual(company, "West Wind"); } The JSON string represents an object with three properties which is parsed into a JObject class and cast to dynamic. Once cast to dynamic I can then go ahead and access the object using familiar object syntax. Note that the actual values - json.Name, json.Company, json.Entered - are actually of type JToken and I have to cast them to their appropriate types first before I can do type comparisons as in the Asserts at the end of the test method. This is required because of the way that dynamic types work which can't determine the type based on the method signature of the Assert.AreEqual(object,object) method. I have to either assign the dynamic value to a variable as I did above, or explicitly cast ( (string) json.Name) in the actual method call. The JSON structure can be much more complex than this simple example. Here's another example of an array of albums serialized to JSON and then parsed through with JsonValue():[TestMethod] public void JsonArrayParsingTest() { var jsonString = @"[ { ""Id"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""AlbumName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""Artist"": ""AC/DC"", ""YearReleased"": 1976, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2810521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61kTaH-uZBL._AA115_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/…ASIN=B00008BXJ4"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"", ""SongLength"": ""4:11"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Love at First Feel"", ""SongLength"": ""3:10"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""b3ec4e5c"", ""SongName"": ""Big Balls"", ""SongLength"": ""2:38"" } ] }, { ""Id"": ""7b919432"", ""AlbumName"": ""End of the Silence"", ""Artist"": ""Henry Rollins Band"", ""YearReleased"": 1992, ""Entered"": ""2012-03-16T00:13:12.2800521-10:00"", ""AlbumImageUrl"": ""http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51FO3rb1tuL._SL160_AA160_.jpg"", ""AmazonUrl"": ""http://www.amazon.com/End-Silence-Rollins-Band/dp/B0000040OX/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&qid=1302232195&sr=8-5"", ""Songs"": [ { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Low Self Opinion"", ""SongLength"": ""5:24"" }, { ""AlbumId"": ""7b919432"", ""SongName"": ""Grip"", ""SongLength"": ""4:51"" } ] } ]"; JArray jsonVal = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; dynamic albums = jsonVal; foreach (dynamic album in albums) { Console.WriteLine(album.AlbumName + " (" + album.YearReleased.ToString() + ")"); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { Console.WriteLine("\t" + song.SongName); } } Console.WriteLine(albums[0].AlbumName); Console.WriteLine(albums[0].Songs[1].SongName); } JObject and JArray in ASP.NET Web API Of course these types also work in ASP.NET Web API controller methods. If you want you can accept parameters using these object or return them back to the server. The following contrived example receives dynamic JSON input, and then creates a new dynamic JSON object and returns it based on data from the first:[HttpPost] public JObject PostAlbumJObject(JObject jAlbum) { // dynamic input from inbound JSON dynamic album = jAlbum; // create a new JSON object to write out dynamic newAlbum = new JObject(); // Create properties on the new instance // with values from the first newAlbum.AlbumName = album.AlbumName + " New"; newAlbum.NewProperty = "something new"; newAlbum.Songs = new JArray(); foreach (dynamic song in album.Songs) { song.SongName = song.SongName + " New"; newAlbum.Songs.Add(song); } return newAlbum; } The raw POST request to the server looks something like this: POST http://localhost/aspnetwebapi/samples/PostAlbumJObject HTTP/1.1User-Agent: FiddlerContent-type: application/jsonHost: localhostContent-Length: 88 {AlbumName: "Dirty Deeds",Songs:[ { SongName: "Problem Child"},{ SongName: "Squealer"}]} and the output that comes back looks like this: {  "AlbumName": "Dirty Deeds New",  "NewProperty": "something new",  "Songs": [    {      "SongName": "Problem Child New"    },    {      "SongName": "Squealer New"    }  ]} The original values are echoed back with something extra appended to demonstrate that we're working with a new object. When you receive or return a JObject, JValue, JToken or JArray instance in a Web API method, Web API ignores normal content negotiation and assumes your content is going to be received and returned as JSON, so effectively the parameter and result type explicitly determines the input and output format which is nice. Dynamic to Strong Type Mapping You can also map JObject and JArray instances to a strongly typed object, so you can mix dynamic and static typing in the same piece of code. Using the 2 Album jsonString shown earlier, the code below takes an array of albums and picks out only a single album and casts that album to a static Album instance.[TestMethod] public void JsonParseToStrongTypeTest() { JArray albums = JArray.Parse(jsonString) as JArray; // pick out one album JObject jalbum = albums[0] as JObject; // Copy to a static Album instance Album album = jalbum.ToObject<Album>(); Assert.IsNotNull(album); Assert.AreEqual(album.AlbumName,jalbum.Value<string>("AlbumName")); Assert.IsTrue(album.Songs.Count > 0); } This is pretty damn useful for the scenario I mentioned earlier - you can read a large chunk of JSON and dynamically walk the property hierarchy down to the item you want to access, and then either access the specific item dynamically (as shown earlier) or map a part of the JSON to a strongly typed object. That's very powerful if you think about it - it leaves you in total control to decide what's dynamic and what's static. Strongly typed JSON Parsing With all this talk of dynamic let's not forget that JSON.NET of course also does strongly typed serialization which is drop dead easy. Here's a simple example on how to serialize and deserialize an object with JSON.NET:[TestMethod] public void StronglyTypedSerializationTest() { // Demonstrate deserialization from a raw string var album = new Album() { AlbumName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", Artist = "AC/DC", Entered = DateTime.Now, YearReleased = 1976, Songs = new List<Song>() { new Song() { SongName = "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap", SongLength = "4:11" }, new Song() { SongName = "Love at First Feel", SongLength = "3:10" } } }; // serialize to string string json2 = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(album,Formatting.Indented); Console.WriteLine(json2); // make sure we can serialize back var album2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Album>(json2); Assert.IsNotNull(album2); Assert.IsTrue(album2.AlbumName == "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"); Assert.IsTrue(album2.Songs.Count == 2); } JsonConvert is a high level static class that wraps lower level functionality, but you can also use the JsonSerializer class, which allows you to serialize/parse to and from streams. It's a little more work, but gives you a bit more control. The functionality available is easy to discover with Intellisense, and that's good because there's not a lot in the way of documentation that's actually useful. Summary JSON.NET is a pretty complete JSON implementation with lots of different choices for JSON parsing from dynamic parsing to static serialization, to complex querying of JSON objects using LINQ. It's good to see this open source library getting integrated into .NET, and pushing out the old and tired stock .NET parsers so that we finally have a bit more flexibility - and extensibility - in our JSON parsing. Good to go! Resources Sample Test Project http://json.codeplex.com/© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in .NET  Web Api  AJAX   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • jQuery Globalization Plugin from Microsoft

    - by ScottGu
    Last month I blogged about how Microsoft is starting to make code contributions to jQuery, and about some of the first code contributions we were working on: jQuery Templates and Data Linking support. Today, we released a prototype of a new jQuery Globalization Plugin that enables you to add globalization support to your JavaScript applications. This plugin includes globalization information for over 350 cultures ranging from Scottish Gaelic, Frisian, Hungarian, Japanese, to Canadian English.  We will be releasing this plugin to the community as open-source. You can download our prototype for the jQuery Globalization plugin from our Github repository: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob You can also download a set of samples that demonstrate some simple use-cases with it here. Understanding Globalization The jQuery Globalization plugin enables you to easily parse and format numbers, currencies, and dates for different cultures in JavaScript. For example, you can use the Globalization plugin to display the proper currency symbol for a culture: You also can use the Globalization plugin to format dates so that the day and month appear in the right order and the day and month names are correctly translated: Notice above how the Arabic year is displayed as 1431. This is because the year has been converted to use the Arabic calendar. Some cultural differences, such as different currency or different month names, are obvious. Other cultural differences are surprising and subtle. For example, in some cultures, the grouping of numbers is done unevenly. In the "te-IN" culture (Telugu in India), groups have 3 digits and then 2 digits. The number 1000000 (one million) is written as "10,00,000". Some cultures do not group numbers at all. All of these subtle cultural differences are handled by the jQuery Globalization plugin automatically. Getting dates right can be especially tricky. Different cultures have different calendars such as the Gregorian and UmAlQura calendars. A single culture can even have multiple calendars. For example, the Japanese culture uses both the Gregorian calendar and a Japanese calendar that has eras named after Japanese emperors. The Globalization Plugin includes methods for converting dates between all of these different calendars. Using Language Tags The jQuery Globalization plugin uses the language tags defined in the RFC 4646 and RFC 5646 standards to identity cultures (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5646). A language tag is composed out of one or more subtags separated by hyphens. For example: Language Tag Language Name (in English) en-AU English (Australia) en-BZ English (Belize) en-CA English (Canada) Id Indonesian zh-CHS Chinese (Simplified) Legacy Zu isiZulu Notice that a single language, such as English, can have several language tags. Speakers of English in Canada format numbers, currencies, and dates using different conventions than speakers of English in Australia or the United States. You can find the language tag for a particular culture by using the Language Subtag Lookup tool located here:  http://rishida.net/utils/subtags/ The jQuery Globalization plugin download includes a folder named globinfo that contains the information for each of the 350 cultures. Actually, this folder contains more than 700 files because the folder includes both minified and un-minified versions of each file. For example, the globinfo folder includes JavaScript files named jQuery.glob.en-AU.js for English Australia, jQuery.glob.id.js for Indonesia, and jQuery.glob.zh-CHS for Chinese (Simplified) Legacy. Example: Setting a Particular Culture Imagine that you have been asked to create a German website and want to format all of the dates, currencies, and numbers using German formatting conventions correctly in JavaScript on the client. The HTML for the page might look like this: Notice the span tags above. They mark the areas of the page that we want to format with the Globalization plugin. We want to format the product price, the date the product is available, and the units of the product in stock. To use the jQuery Globalization plugin, we’ll add three JavaScript files to the page: the jQuery library, the jQuery Globalization plugin, and the culture information for a particular language: In this case, I’ve statically added the jQuery.glob.de-DE.js JavaScript file that contains the culture information for German. The language tag “de-DE” is used for German as spoken in Germany. Now that I have all of the necessary scripts, I can use the Globalization plugin to format the product price, date available, and units in stock values using the following client-side JavaScript: The jQuery Globalization plugin extends the jQuery library with new methods - including new methods named preferCulture() and format(). The preferCulture() method enables you to set the default culture used by the jQuery Globalization plugin methods. Notice that the preferCulture() method accepts a language tag. The method will find the closest culture that matches the language tag. The $.format() method is used to actually format the currencies, dates, and numbers. The second parameter passed to the $.format() method is a format specifier. For example, passing “c” causes the value to be formatted as a currency. The ReadMe file at github details the meaning of all of the various format specifiers: http://github.com/nje/jquery-glob When we open the page in a browser, everything is formatted correctly according to German language conventions. A euro symbol is used for the currency symbol. The date is formatted using German day and month names. Finally, a period instead of a comma is used a number separator: You can see a running example of the above approach with the 3_GermanSite.htm file in this samples download. Example: Enabling a User to Dynamically Select a Culture In the previous example we explicitly said that we wanted to globalize in German (by referencing the jQuery.glob.de-DE.js file). Let’s now look at the first of a few examples that demonstrate how to dynamically set the globalization culture to use. Imagine that you want to display a dropdown list of all of the 350 cultures in a page. When someone selects a culture from the dropdown list, you want all of the dates in the page to be formatted using the selected culture. Here’s the HTML for the page: Notice that all of the dates are contained in a <span> tag with a data-date attribute (data-* attributes are a new feature of HTML 5 that conveniently also still work with older browsers). We’ll format the date represented by the data-date attribute when a user selects a culture from the dropdown list. In order to display dates for any possible culture, we’ll include the jQuery.glob.all.js file like this: The jQuery Globalization plugin includes a JavaScript file named jQuery.glob.all.js. This file contains globalization information for all of the more than 350 cultures supported by the Globalization plugin.  At 367KB minified, this file is not small. Because of the size of this file, unless you really need to use all of these cultures at the same time, we recommend that you add the individual JavaScript files for particular cultures that you intend to support instead of the combined jQuery.glob.all.js to a page. In the next sample I’ll show how to dynamically load just the language files you need. Next, we’ll populate the dropdown list with all of the available cultures. We can use the $.cultures property to get all of the loaded cultures: Finally, we’ll write jQuery code that grabs every span element with a data-date attribute and format the date: The jQuery Globalization plugin’s parseDate() method is used to convert a string representation of a date into a JavaScript date. The plugin’s format() method is used to format the date. The “D” format specifier causes the date to be formatted using the long date format. And now the content will be globalized correctly regardless of which of the 350 languages a user visiting the page selects.  You can see a running example of the above approach with the 4_SelectCulture.htm file in this samples download. Example: Loading Globalization Files Dynamically As mentioned in the previous section, you should avoid adding the jQuery.glob.all.js file to a page whenever possible because the file is so large. A better alternative is to load the globalization information that you need dynamically. For example, imagine that you have created a dropdown list that displays a list of languages: The following jQuery code executes whenever a user selects a new language from the dropdown list. The code checks whether the globalization file associated with the selected language has already been loaded. If the globalization file has not been loaded then the globalization file is loaded dynamically by taking advantage of the jQuery $.getScript() method. The globalizePage() method is called after the requested globalization file has been loaded, and contains the client-side code to perform the globalization. The advantage of this approach is that it enables you to avoid loading the entire jQuery.glob.all.js file. Instead you only need to load the files that you need and you don’t need to load the files more than once. The 5_Dynamic.htm file in this samples download demonstrates how to implement this approach. Example: Setting the User Preferred Language Automatically Many websites detect a user’s preferred language from their browser settings and automatically use it when globalizing content. A user can set a preferred language for their browser. Then, whenever the user requests a page, this language preference is included in the request in the Accept-Language header. When using Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can set your preferred language by following these steps: Select the menu option Tools, Internet Options. Select the General tab. Click the Languages button in the Appearance section. Click the Add button to add a new language to the list of languages. Move your preferred language to the top of the list. Notice that you can list multiple languages in the Language Preference dialog. All of these languages are sent in the order that you listed them in the Accept-Language header: Accept-Language: fr-FR,id-ID;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.3 Strangely, you cannot retrieve the value of the Accept-Language header from client JavaScript. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox support a bevy of language related properties exposed by the window.navigator object, such as windows.navigator.browserLanguage and window.navigator.language, but these properties represent either the language set for the operating system or the language edition of the browser. These properties don’t enable you to retrieve the language that the user set as his or her preferred language. The only reliable way to get a user’s preferred language (the value of the Accept-Language header) is to write server code. For example, the following ASP.NET page takes advantage of the server Request.UserLanguages property to assign the user’s preferred language to a client JavaScript variable named acceptLanguage (which then allows you to access the value using client-side JavaScript): In order for this code to work, the culture information associated with the value of acceptLanguage must be included in the page. For example, if someone’s preferred culture is fr-FR (French in France) then you need to include either the jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js or the jQuery.glob.all.js JavaScript file in the page or the culture information won’t be available.  The “6_AcceptLanguages.aspx” sample in this samples download demonstrates how to implement this approach. If the culture information for the user’s preferred language is not included in the page then the $.preferCulture() method will fall back to using the neutral culture (for example, using jQuery.glob.fr.js instead of jQuery.glob.fr-FR.js). If the neutral culture information is not available then the $.preferCulture() method falls back to the default culture (English). Example: Using the Globalization Plugin with the jQuery UI DatePicker One of the goals of the Globalization plugin is to make it easier to build jQuery widgets that can be used with different cultures. We wanted to make sure that the jQuery Globalization plugin could work with existing jQuery UI plugins such as the DatePicker plugin. To that end, we created a patched version of the DatePicker plugin that can take advantage of the Globalization plugin when rendering a calendar. For example, the following figure illustrates what happens when you add the jQuery Globalization and the patched jQuery UI DatePicker plugin to a page and select Indonesian as the preferred culture: Notice that the headers for the days of the week are displayed using Indonesian day name abbreviations. Furthermore, the month names are displayed in Indonesian. You can download the patched version of the jQuery UI DatePicker from our github website. Or you can use the version included in this samples download and used by the 7_DatePicker.htm sample file. Summary I’m excited about our continuing participation in the jQuery community. This Globalization plugin is the third jQuery plugin that we’ve released. We’ve really appreciated all of the great feedback and design suggestions on the jQuery templating and data-linking prototypes that we released earlier this year.  We also want to thank the jQuery and jQuery UI teams for working with us to create these plugins. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. You can follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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