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• Asp.net override Membership settings at runtime (asp.net mvc)

  - by minal

  I had an application that hooked onto 1 single database. The app now needs to hook into multiple databases. What we want to do is, using the same application/domain/hostname/virtual dir give the user the option on the login screen to select the "App/Database" they want to connect into. Each database has the App tables/data/procs/etc as well as the aspnet membership/roles stuff. When the user enters the username/password and selects (select list) the application, I want to validate the user against the selected applications database. Presently the database connection string for membership services is saved in the web.config. Is there any way I can override this at login time? Also, I need the "remember me" function to work smoothly as well. How does this work when the user comes back to the app in 5 hours... This process should be able to identify the user and application and log in appropriately.

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• Efficient counting of an association’s association

  - by Matthew Robertson

  In my app, when a User makes a Comment in a Post, Notifications are generated that marks that comment as unread. class Notification < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :post belongs_to :comment class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :notifications class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :notifications I’m making an index page that lists all the posts for a user and the notification count for each post for just that user. # posts controller @posts = Post.where( :user_id => current_user.id ) .includes(:notifications) # posts view @posts.each do |post| <%= post.notifications.count %> This doesn’t work because it counts notifications for all users. What’s an efficient way to do this without running a separate query for each post?

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• Oracle’s Web Experience Management

  - by Christie Flanagan

  Today’s guest post on Oracle’s Web Experience Management comes from a member of our WebCenter Evangelist team, Noël Jaffré, a Principal Technologist based in France.Oracle’s Web Experience Management (WEM) solution enables organizations to optimize the online channel for driving marketing and customer experience management success. It empowers business users to manage the web presence and create rich and engaging online experiences for customers and prospects. Oracle's WEM platform provides a framework to simplify the integration of Oracle, third-party and custom-built applications. This framework essentially allows the creation and integration of applications using one single business interface called the WEM interface. It includes the following: Single sign-on access control for all integrated applications using the Central Authentication Service (CAS) component. A single centralized administration window for user, role, and native applications management including site management. Community server management, gadget server management as well as management for partner integrated technologies. A Representational State Transfer (REST) API for accessing WebCenter Sites data. REST services are supported on both Oracle WebCenter Sites and Oracle WebCenter Sites Satellite Server to leverage the satellite server cache. All REST requests are cached for web consuming applications as well for the high performance delivery of native applications on the mobile channel. Oracle WebCenter Sites’ Web Experience Management environment enables organizations to deliver a compelling online experience to customers by simplifying the deployment and management of sophisticated and engaging websites. The WebCenter Sites platform automates the entire process of managing web content including: Authoring:  Business users can easily contribute and manage web content in real-time, with intuitive interfaces and drag-and-drop content authoring and layout capabilities designed for the non-technical user. Contextual Content Targeting: Marketers are empowered to create and manage targeted campaigns with relevant recommendations and promotions based on the context of the session of the visitor such as his or her navigation history, user profile, language, location or other information shared during the visitor session. Content Publishing and Deployment: It offers advanced multi-site management capabilities for departmental or regional sites, as well as strong multi-lingual and multi-locale content management. The remote satellite server caching infrastructure provides high-performance, distributed caching, tuned to deliver high-volume, targeted and multi-lingual sites. Analytics and Optimization: Business users and marketers have the ability to measure the effectiveness of their online content and campaigns at a granular level. Editors and marketers can immediately determine whether a given article or promotion is relevant to a particular customer segment. User-generated Content: Marketers can enable blogs, comments, rating and reviews on the website.  All comments and reviews posted to the website can be moderated from the administrator interface either manually or automatically using filters, whitelists, blacklists or community based moderation. Personalized Gadget Dashboards:  Site managers can deploy gadgets, small applications using web content, individually or as part of dashboards containing multiple gadgets.  These gadget dashboards enable site visitors to create their own “MyPage” on a given site where they can select and customize the gadgets that the site administrator has made available.  Any gadget that conforms to the iGoogle/OpenSocial standard can be made available to site visitors, or they can be created within the WEM interface. Oracle's WEM platform also provides a unique environment for the delivery of a rich, multichannel online experience for site visitors through its advanced management modules for mobile. With Oracle’s WEM solution, it’s easy to control branding and deliver a consistent message while repurposing web content for publication to mobile devices, kiosks and much more. This distinctive approach provides: HTML5 Delivery: HTML5 delivery which includes native support for adaptive design that responds to the user’s computer screen resolution and orientation. The approach is less driven by the particular hardware and more driven by the user’s interactions with the device. In other words, this approach takes both the screen interactions (either cursor or touch) and screen sizes and orientation into consideration. A Unique Native Mobile Extension Environment for Contributors: From the WEM interface, a contributor can directly manage their mobile channel, using the tooling already in place for driving the traditional web presence. This includes the mobile presentation, as well as mobile insite editing, drag and drop page layout, and in-context recommendations and personalization. Optimized REST APIs for High Performance Content Delivery on Native Mobile Device Applications: WebCenter Sites’ REST API uses the underlying HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to interact with resources. Resources support two types of input and output formats -- XML and JSON. REST calls are customizable to optimize the interactions between the content repositories and the client applications. Caching is essential to decrease network loads and improve overall reliability and usability of the applications and user interactions. REST results are cached through the highly efficient Oracle WebCenter Sites caching architecture.

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• C# : Error while accessing Active Directory

  - by Mohsan

  hi. i am facing some problems in accessing Active Directory from my winform app. what I want is to create a user and query user from Active Directory. here is code snippet for find user public bool FindUser(string username) { using (PrincipalContext context = new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Domain, this.domainName, this.DomainUserName, this.DomainPassword)) { UserPrincipal user = UserPrincipal.FindByIdentity(context, username); return (user != null) ? true : false; } } i am unable to create object of PrincipalContext based on given arguments. i am getting this exception "{"The server could not be contacted."}" and inner exception states that "{"The LDAP server is unavailable."}" where as domain is running. i can ping to it and can also connect to this domain. any suggestion about these exceptions?

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• Add login / logout to drupal menu that's not a primary or secondary menu

  - by user367766

  Hello, Im trying to append an item to a menu that I created. I know its get the primary and secondary menus using "menu_secondary_local_tasks()" etc, and then add items within preprocess page. How would I go about this with a menu that I created? Here is the code I am using to check is the user is logged in... function themeName_check_login() { global $user; if ($user->uid) { print l("Log out, " . $user->name,"logout"); } else { print l("Log In ","user"); } } Thanks in advance, -Matt

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• Cassandra/HBase or just MySQL: Potential problems doing the next thing

  - by alexeypro

  Say I have "user". It's the key. And I need to keep "user count". I am planning to have record with key "user" and value "0" to "9999+ ;-)" (as many as I'll have). What problems I will drive in if I use Cassandra, HBase or MySQL for that? Say, I have thousand of new updates to this "user" key, where I need to increment the value. Am I in trouble? Locked for writes? Any other way of doing that? Why this is done -- there will be a lot of "user"-like keys. Different other cases. But the idea is the same. Why keep it this way -- because I'll have more reads, so I can always get "counted value" very fast.

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• Alternative Input Device(Midi) doesn't prevent Screen Saver in Winforms application

  - by DTig

  I have developed a c# winforms application whereby the user is providing input via a midi connected device. The user will go for long periods without using the keyboard or mouse. When I receive a midi message is there anything I can do to "tell" the system that this counts as user activity (ie key press). I don't want the screen saver or time lockouts to occur, if they are actively using the midi device. I think my request is different than other requests I've seen because they want to disable screen savers for the life of their application whereby I just want midi input I receive to count as user interactivity. Is there something I can call when I receive midi input to signify to the system user activity?

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• what is the best way to generate fake data for classification problem ?

  - by Berkay

  i'm working on a project and i have a subset of user's key-stroke time data.This means that the user makes n attempts and i will use these recorded attempt time data in various kinds of classification algorithms for future user attempts to verify that the login process is done by the user or some another person. (Simply i can say that this is biometrics) I have 3 different times of the user login attempt process, ofcourse this is subset of the infinite data. until now it is an easy classification problem, i decided to use WEKA but as far as i understand i have to create some fake data to feed the classification algorithm. can i use some optimization algorithms ? or is there any way to create this fake data to get min false positives ? Thanks

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• Email Verification plugin for rails?

  - by Larry K

  Hi, I'd like to verify a user's email address by sending them a verify-email-message. Do you know of a good Rails plugin that they've used or seen? Since I didn't see anything good via Google, at this point, my thought is: Add a verified boolean field to the user model. Default false. After user is added (unverified), combine email with a salt (a secret), and create the sha1 hash of the email/salt combo. The result is the verification. Send a welcoming / verification email to the user. Email includes a url that has the email address and verification as GET args to a verify action on my server. The verify action recomputes the verification using the supplied email and checks that the new verification matches the one in the url. If it does, then the User rec for the email is marked 'verified' Also will provide action to re-send the verification email. Any comments on the above? Thanks, Larry

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• Session state in asp.net mvc

  - by tiff

  I would like to know how to use session state in a simple log in log out in asp.net mvc.. I have a code here in my controller that I've retrieved from my mysql database for my session log in..but I don't really know how to manipulate it.. <AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)> _ Function Index(ByVal username As String, ByVal password As String, ByVal department As String) As ActionResult Dim user As DataTable user = Account.userSelect(username:=username, password:=password, department:=department) If user.Rows.Count = 0 Then Return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home") Else Session("username") = user.Rows(0).Item("username") Session("department") = user.Rows(0).Item("department") Return RedirectToAction("News", "Administration") End If End Function Thank you!

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• Forms Authentication and Login controls

  - by DotnetDude

  I am upgrading a website written using ASP.NET 1.1 and the logic for the login page includes verifying the credentials, calling FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie() and populating the Session with the user information. I am updating this page to use Login controls and the Membership API and am trying to wrap my head around the concepts that have been changed. Most of the samples I see do not do anything on the login button event handler, so is the logic of setting the cookie abstracted out into the control? Also, how do I check if a user is logged in or not on other pages. Does it still store user information using the Session? How do I check if a user belongs to a particular role or not (Earlier, I would look in the Session object to do something like this) Is the Session a bad way of storing user info? Thanks

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• How to add a new item in a sharepoint list using web services in C sharp

  - by Frank

  Hi, I'm trying to add a new item to a sharepoint list from a winform application in c# using web services. As only result, I'm getting the useless exception "Exception of type 'Microsoft.SharePoint.SoapServer.SoapServerException' was thrown." I have a web reference named WebSrvRef to http://server/site/subsite/_vti_bin/Lists.asmx And this code: XmlDocument xmlDoc; XmlElement elBatch; XmlNode ndReturn; string[] sValues; string sListGUID; string sViewGUID; if (lstResults.Items.Count < 1) { MessageBox.Show("Unable to Add To SharePoint\n" + "No test file processed. The list is blank.", "Add To SharePoint", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); return; } WebSrvRef.Lists listService = new WebSrvRef.Lists(); sViewGUID = "{xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx}"; // Test List View GUID sListGUID = "{xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx}"; // Test List GUID listService.Credentials= System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; frmAddToSharePoint dlgAddSharePoint = new frmAddToSharePoint(); if (dlgAddSharePoint.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.Cancel) { dlgAddSharePoint.Dispose(); listService.Dispose(); return; } sValues = dlgAddSharePoint.Tag.ToString().Split('~'); dlgAddSharePoint.Dispose(); string strBatch = "<Method ID='1' Cmd='New'>" + "<Field Name='Client#'>" + sValues[0] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Company'>" + sValues[1] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Contact Name'>" + sValues[2] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Phone Number'>" + sValues[3] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Brand'>" + sValues[4] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Model'>" + sValues[5] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='DPI'>" + sValues[6] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Color'>" + sValues[7] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Compression'>" + sValues[8] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Value % 1'>" + (((float)lstResults.Groups["Value 1"].Tag)*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Value % 2'>" + (((float)lstResults.Groups["Value 2"].Tag)*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Value % 3'>" + (((float)lstResults.Groups["Value 3"].Tag)*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Value % 4'>" + (((float)lstResults.Groups["Value 4"].Tag)*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Value % 5'>" + (((float)lstResults.Groups["Value 5"].Tag)*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Comments'></Field>" + "<Field Name='Overall'>" + (fTotalScore*100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Average'>" + (fTotalAvg * 100).ToString("##0.00") + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Transfered'>" + sValues[9] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Notes'>" + sValues[10] + "</Field>" + "<Field Name='Resolved'>" + sValues[11] + "</Field>" + "</Method>"; try { xmlDoc = new System.Xml.XmlDocument(); elBatch = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Batch"); elBatch.SetAttribute("OnError", "Continue"); elBatch.SetAttribute("ListVersion", "1"); elBatch.SetAttribute("ViewName", sViewGUID); strBatch = strBatch.Replace("&", "&amp;"); elBatch.InnerXml = strBatch; ndReturn = listService.UpdateListItems(sListGUID, elBatch); MessageBox.Show(ndReturn.OuterXml); listService.Dispose(); } catch(Exception Ex) { MessageBox.Show(Ex.Message + "\n\nSource\n" + Ex.Source + "\n\nTargetSite\n" + Ex.TargetSite + "\n\nStackTrace\n" + Ex.StackTrace, "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); listService.Dispose(); } What am I doing wrong? What am I missing? Please help!! Frank

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• security issue of Linux sudo command?

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, 1. I am using Red Hat Enterprise 5 Linux box. I find if a user is in /etc/sudoers file, then if the user run command with sudo, the user will run this command with root privilege (without knowing root password, the user runs sudo only need to input the user's own password in order to run a command with sudo). Is that correct understanding? 2. If yes, then is it a security hole? Since users other than root could run with root privilege? thanks in advance, George

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• "detached entity passed to persist error" with JPA/EJB code

  - by zengr

  I am trying to run this basic JPA/EJB code: public static void main(String[] args){ UserBean user = new UserBean(); user.setId(1); user.setUserName("name1"); user.setPassword("passwd1"); em.persist(user); } I get this error: javax.ejb.EJBException: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.PersistentObjectException: detached entity passed to persist: com.JPA.Database Any ideas? I search on the internet and the reason I found was: This was caused by how you created the objects, i.e. If you set the ID property explicitly. Removing ID assignment fixed it. But I didn't get it, what will I have to modify to get the code working?

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• Filtering by entity key name in Google App Engine on Python

  - by Bemmu

  On Google App Engine to query the data store with Python, one can use GQL or Entity.all() and then filter it. So for example these are equivalent gql = "SELECT * FROM User WHERE age >= 18" db.GqlQuery(gql) and query = User.all() query.filter("age >=", 18) Now, it's also possible to query things by key name. I know that in GQL you do it like this gql = "SELECT * FROM User WHERE __key__ >= Key('User', 'abc')" db.GqlQuery(gql) But how would you now use filter to do the same? query = User.all() query.filter("__key__ >=", ?????)

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• asp.net mvc form add comment

  - by Pinu

  I have a page where a product appears on the right side and the user can add comment so i have a user control which gets all the comments and a small text area where user can add new comment for that product. the link of the page is like http://localhost/Product/TestComment/1 Where 1 indicates the id of the product and I have been hard coding my AddNote function below and fourth argument you see has been hard coded, but i need to pass that as the id of the product. How do i do this AddNote(HttpContext.User.Identity.ToString(), txtComment, 1, DateTime.Now, true); [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult AddComment(string txtComment) { bool rst = _NotesService.AddNote(HttpContext.User.Identity.ToString(), txtComment, 1, DateTime.Now, true); return RedirectToAction("TestComment"); }

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• Django: Prefill a ManytoManyField

  - by Emile Petrone

  I have a ManyToManyField on a settings page that isn't rendering. The data was filled when the user registered, and I am trying to prefill that data when the user tries to change it. Thanks in advance for the help! The HTML: {{form.types.label}} {% if add %} {{form.types}} {% else %} {% for type in form.types.all %} {{type.description}} {% endfor %} {% endif %} The View: @csrf_protect @login_required def edit_host(request, host_id, template_name="host/newhost.html"): host = get_object_or_404(Host, id=host_id) if request.user != host.user: return HttpResponseForbidden() form = HostForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): if request.method == 'POST': if form.cleaned_data.get('about') is not None: host.about = form.cleaned_data.get('about') if form.cleaned_data.get('types') is not None: host.types = form.cleaned_data.get('types') host.save() form.save_m2m() return HttpResponseRedirect('/users/%d/' % host.user.id) else: form = HostForm(initial={ "about":host.about, "types":host.types, }) data = { "host":host, "form":form } return render_to_response(template_name, data, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) Form: class HostForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Host fields = ('types', 'about', ) types = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField( widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, queryset=Type.objects.all(), required=True) about = forms.CharField( widget=forms.Textarea(), required=True) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(HostForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.fields['about'].widget.attrs = { 'placeholder':'Hello!'}

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• Using IDataErrorInfo and setting Validation.HasError style

  - by Gaurav

  In WPF using IDataErrorInfo and Style I want to create form where I can provide end user three different status while validating data To make the scenario more clear 1) I have textbox next to it I have icon which provides end user what kind of input textbox expects - Initial status with information icon 2) As soon as user enter data it validates it and decides whether it is valid or not - most of the time it will show cross (X) icon saying invalid data 3) As it is validating on UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" it will turn cross icon to green check mark as soon as it gets validated i.e [ ] i (tooltip- Any valid user name ) [Ga ] X (tooltip- Invalid user name. Must be 5 char long) [Gaurav ] * (it will show only correct icon, meaning valid value) How can I achieve this using IDataErrorInfo and Style, I tried doing that but as soon as my form gets loaded it invalidates all the data and shows cross icon at the first time. I want to show different tooltip and different icon for three states (Initial info, Invalid data, Valid data)

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• Hibernate annotations cascading doesn't work

  - by user304309

  Hi all, I've decided to change hbm.xml style to annotations using hibernate. I had in my hbm.xml: <hibernate-mapping package="by.sokol.jpr.data"> <class name="Licence"> <id name="licenceId"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <many-to-one name="user" lazy="false" cascade="save-update" column="usr"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> And changed it to: @Entity public class Licence { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private int licenceId; @ManyToOne(targetEntity=User.class, fetch=FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL) @Cascade(value = { org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE }) private User user; } And hibernate doesn't save user on saving. I really need help!

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• GetVirtualPath not making any sense.

  - by HeavyWave

  Can anyone explain why this code with the given routes returns the first route? routes.MapRoute(null, "user/approve", new { controller = "Users", action = "Approve" }), routes.MapRoute(null, "user/{username}", new { controller = "Users", action = "Profile" }), routes.MapRoute(null, "user/{username}/{action}", new { controller = "Users" }), routes.MapRoute(null, "user/{username}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Users" }), routes.MapRoute(null, "search/{query}", new { controller = "Artists", action = "Search", page = 1 }), routes.MapRoute(null, "search/{query}/{page}", new { controller = "Artists", action = "Search" }), routes.MapRoute(null, "music", new { controller = "Artists", action = "Index", page = 1 }), routes.MapRoute(null, "music/page/{page}", new { controller = "Artists", action = "Index" }) var pageLinkValueDictionary = new RouteValueDictionary(this.linkWithoutPageValuesDictionary); pageLinkValueDictionary.Add("page", pageNumber); var virtualPathData = RouteTable.Routes.GetVirtualPath(this.viewContext.RequestContext, pageLinkValueDictionary); Here GetVirtualPath always returns user/approve, although there is no {page} parameter in the route. Furthermore, everything works as expected without the first route. I have found this link http://www.codeplex.com/aspnet/WorkItem/View.aspx?WorkItemId=2033 but it wasn't very helpful. It looks like GetVirtualPath was not implemented with large collections of routes in mind. I am using ASP.Net MVC 1.0.

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• How do we group in BIRT without wasting lines, and still only printing the group item on the first l

  - by paxdiablo

  When grouping in BIRT, we frequently want the grouping value to show up on the first line as follows: Group User Reputation ------ --------------- ---------- Admins Bill The Weasel 51,018 Mark Grovel 118,101 Users pax_my_bags 73,554 Jon Scoot **,***,*** <- overflow clueless 92,928 The normal way of acheiving this is to lay out the group in the designer as follws: +---------+--------+--------------+ Tbl Hdr | Group | User | Reputation | +---------+--------+--------------+ Grp Hdr | [Group] | | | +---------+--------+--------------+ Grp Dtl | | [User] | [Reputation] | +---------+--------+--------------+ Grp Ftr | | | | +---------+--------+--------------+ Tbl Ftr | | | | +---------+--------+--------------+ which, unfortunately, lays out the data in exactly that way, with the grouped value on a different line: Group User Reputation ------ --------------- ---------- Admins Bill The Weasel 51,018 Mark Grovel 118,101 Users pax_my_bags 73,554 Jon Scoot **,***,*** <- overflow clueless 92,928 This is particularly painful with data where there's lots of groups with only one user since we use twice as much space as needed. If we move the [Group] data item down to the Grp Dtl line, we get it printed for every line in the group. How, in BIRT, do we merge the two lines Grp Hdr and the first Grp Dtl?

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• Routing Users to single Models with Rails

  - by Eric Koslow

  I'm creating a Rails app for students and high schools and I'm having some trouble with my User.rb. I want to have a user model to be used for logging in, but having that user have many roles. The tricky part is that I want users that have a student role to have_one student page, and those that have a role of principal to have_one high_school page. The students and also nested in the high_school so the entire thing becomes a big mess. So my question(s): How do I limit a user to only creating one student / high school to represent them? Also how would I nest this student pages inside the highschool without screwing up the user system? My environment: Rails3 and Ruby 1.9.2dev Thank you!

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• How do I.. get a value for time at 9:00am local, regardless of the timezone?

  - by ander163

  In my app, I need to set a variable for a start time to be 9:00 a.m. local, wherever the user is located. I have a timezone variable for each user and the save and retrieve are all working. But I need to set a variable when I create a new event to be 9:00 am in the user's local time zone. My current method uses the local time of the server, then makes the adjustments for the individual user's time zone. I don't know what I don't know - is there a command to create the value for "Today's date at 9:00 am where you are"? My current code is: t = Time.now.to_date.beginning_of_day + 11.hours (forcing the 2 hour offset between my primary user and the server in a different timezone).

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• How accurate is "Business logic should be in a service, not in a model"?

  - by Jeroen Vannevel

  Situation Earlier this evening I gave an answer to a question on StackOverflow. The question: Editing of an existing object should be done in repository layer or in service? For example if I have a User that has debt. I want to change his debt. Should I do it in UserRepository or in service for example BuyingService by getting an object, editing it and saving it ? My answer: You should leave the responsibility of mutating an object to that same object and use the repository to retrieve this object. Example situation: class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } A comment I received: Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. What does the internet say? So, this got me searching since I've never really (consciously) used a service layer. I started reading up on the Service Layer pattern and the Unit Of Work pattern but so far I can't say I'm convinced a service layer has to be used. Take for example this article by Martin Fowler on the anti-pattern of an Anemic Domain Model: There are objects, many named after the nouns in the domain space, and these objects are connected with the rich relationships and structure that true domain models have. The catch comes when you look at the behavior, and you realize that there is hardly any behavior on these objects, making them little more than bags of getters and setters. Indeed often these models come with design rules that say that you are not to put any domain logic in the the domain objects. Instead there are a set of service objects which capture all the domain logic. These services live on top of the domain model and use the domain model for data. (...) The logic that should be in a domain object is domain logic - validations, calculations, business rules - whatever you like to call it. To me, this seemed exactly what the situation was about: I advocated the manipulation of an object's data by introducing methods inside that class that do just that. However I realize that this should be a given either way, and it probably has more to do with how these methods are invoked (using a repository). I also had the feeling that in that article (see below), a Service Layer is more considered as a façade that delegates work to the underlying model, than an actual work-intensive layer. Application Layer [his name for Service Layer]: Defines the jobs the software is supposed to do and directs the expressive domain objects to work out problems. The tasks this layer is responsible for are meaningful to the business or necessary for interaction with the application layers of other systems. This layer is kept thin. It does not contain business rules or knowledge, but only coordinates tasks and delegates work to collaborations of domain objects in the next layer down. It does not have state reflecting the business situation, but it can have state that reflects the progress of a task for the user or the program. Which is reinforced here: Service interfaces. Services expose a service interface to which all inbound messages are sent. You can think of a service interface as a façade that exposes the business logic implemented in the application (typically, logic in the business layer) to potential consumers. And here: The service layer should be devoid of any application or business logic and should focus primarily on a few concerns. It should wrap Business Layer calls, translate your Domain in a common language that your clients can understand, and handle the communication medium between server and requesting client. This is a serious contrast to other resources that talk about the Service Layer: The service layer should consist of classes with methods that are units of work with actions that belong in the same transaction. Or the second answer to a question I've already linked: At some point, your application will want some business logic. Also, you might want to validate the input to make sure that there isn't something evil or nonperforming being requested. This logic belongs in your service layer. "Solution"? Following the guidelines in this answer, I came up with the following approach that uses a Service Layer: class UserController : Controller { private UserService _userService; public UserController(UserService userService){ _userService = userService; } public ActionResult MakeHimPay(string username, int amount) { _userService.MakeHimPay(username, amount); return RedirectToAction("ShowUserOverview"); } public ActionResult ShowUserOverview() { return View(); } } class UserService { private IUserRepository _userRepository; public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository) { _userRepository = userRepository; } public void MakeHimPay(username, amount) { _userRepository.GetUserByName(username).makePayment(amount); } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } Conclusion All together not much has changed here: code from the controller has moved to the service layer (which is a good thing, so there is an upside to this approach). However this doesn't look like it had anything to do with my original answer. I realize design patterns are guidelines, not rules set in stone to be implemented whenever possible. Yet I have not found a definitive explanation of the service layer and how it should be regarded. Is it a means to simply extract logic from the controller and put it inside a service instead? Is it supposed to form a contract between the controller and the domain? Should there be a layer between the domain and the service layer? And, last but not least: following the original comment Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. Is this correct? How would I introduce my business logic in a service instead of the model?

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• How to setup default attributes in a ruby model

  - by webdestroya

  I have a model User and when I create one, I want to pragmatically setup some API keys and what not, specifically: @user.apikey = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(BCrypt::Password.create("jibberish").to_s) I want to be able to run User.create!(:email=>"[email protected]") and have it create a user with a randomly generated API key, and secret. I currently am doing this in the controller, but when I tried to add a default user to the seeds.rb file, I am getting an SQL error (saying my apikey is null). I tried overriding the save definition, but that seemed to cause problems when I updated the model, because it would override the values. I tried overriding the initialize definition, but that is returning a nil:NilClass and breaking things. Is there a better way to do this?

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