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• Manually closing a port from commandline

  - by codingfreak

  Hi I want to close an open port which is in listening mode between my client and server application. Is there any manual command line option in Linux to close a port ?? NOTE: I came to know that "only the application which owns the connected socket should close it, which will happen when the application terminates." I dont understand why it is only possible by the application which opens it ... But still eager to know if there is any another way to do it ??

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• Navicat 8/9 crashes my Debian/Linux

  - by meder

  I run Debian 5 + Gnome and it seems that after I made certain updates with aptitude, whenever I run a query in Navicat ( sql program that runs on WINE ), as the results are being presented linux goes into the command line and the GUI dies and it restarts and it asks me to login again ( all my programs crash ). Has anyone experienced this before? Or does anyone have a clue as to how I could go about debugging this? I suspect it's some issue with Gnome and WINE, but I'm not sure.

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• Problems login ubuntu 10.10

  - by siobhan

  I recently change my compiz settings for my cube and upon restarting my pc it first black screened, where it got stuck, on this screen the last command stated that it was checking the battery status, it was like this for hours i finally got thru to the Login screen but it will not accept the password (with i know is correct). I am a novice with Ubuntu but have read and tried everything the forums have told me to do but to no avail.... Please, please, please any help would be greatly appreciated. Many thanks.

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• How do I crop an image in the Mac version of Microsoft Word?

  - by Bec

  I know how to do it in the Windows version of Word but I can't work out how in the Mac version. In Windows there's a crop tool where you can just drag to move the edges in to crop the image, how do I do that on the Mac? Also on the old version of Windows there was a command to delete the cropped sections of all images in a document to save file space, I can't find that in Word 2007 or Word for Mac.

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• Convert FAT32 to NTFS, risk/time?

  - by Rakward

  After a quick search I found that through a command prompt I can convert a drive from FAT32 to NTFS without losing data(see here). What I want to ask here is, how safe is this method on a 1.5 TB drive with 500 GB of data? What are the chances of this freezing up(or is there really nothin to worry about) and what is the probable time, a couple of minutes or a whole hour? Sorry if this seems like a stupid question, just want to play on the safe side here ...

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• How do I prevent TCP connection freezes over an OpenVPN network?

  - by Jason R

  New details added at the end of this question; it's possible that I'm zeroing in on the cause. I have a UDP OpenVPN-based VPN set up in tap mode (I need tap because I need the VPN to pass multicast packets, which doesn't seem to be possible with tun networks) with a handful of clients across the Internet. I've been experiencing frequent TCP connection freezes over the VPN. That is, I will establish a TCP connection (e.g. an SSH connection, but other protocols have similar issues), and at some point during the session, it seems that traffic will cease being transmitted over that TCP session. This seems to be related to points at which large data transfers occur, such as if I execute an ls command in an SSH session, or if I cat a long log file. Some Google searches turn up a number of answers like this previous one on Server Fault, indicating that the likely culprit is an MTU issue: that during periods of high traffic, the VPN is trying to send packets that get dropped somewhere in the pipes between the VPN endpoints. The above-linked answer suggests using the following OpenVPN configuration settings to mitigate the problem: fragment 1400 mssfix This should limit the MTU used on the VPN to 1400 bytes and fix the TCP maximum segment size to prevent the generation of any packets larger than that. This seems to mitigate the problem a bit, but I still frequently see the freezes. I've tried a number of sizes as arguments to the fragment directive: 1200, 1000, 576, all with similar results. I can't think of any strange network topology between the two ends that could trigger such a problem: the VPN server is running on a pfSense machine connected directly to the Internet, and my client is also connected directly to the Internet at another location. One other strange piece of the puzzle: if I run the tracepath utility, then that seems to band-aid the problem. A sample run looks like: [~]$ tracepath -n 192.168.100.91 1: 192.168.100.90 0.039ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.100.91 40.823ms reached 1: 192.168.100.91 19.846ms reached Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 1 back 64 The above run is between two clients on the VPN: I initiated the trace from 192.168.100.90 to the destination of 192.168.100.91. Both clients were configured with fragment 1200; mssfix; in an attempt to limit the MTU used on the link. The above results would seem to suggest that tracepath was able to detect a path MTU of 1500 bytes between the two clients. I would assume that it would be somewhat smaller due to the fragmentation settings specified in the OpenVPN configuration. I found that result somewhat strange. Even stranger, however: if I have a TCP connection in the stalled state (e.g. an SSH session with a directory listing that froze in the middle), then executing the tracepath command shown above causes the connection to start up again! I can't figure out any reasonable explanation for why this would be the case, but I feel like this might be pointing toward a solution to ultimately eradicate the problem. Does anyone have any recommendations for other things to try? Edit: I've come back and looked at this a bit further, and have found only more confounding information: I set the OpenVPN connection to fragment at 1400 bytes, as shown above. Then, I connected to the VPN from across the Internet and used Wireshark to look at the UDP packets that were sent to the VPN server while the stall occurred. None were greater than the specified 1400 byte count, so the fragmentation seems to be functioning properly. To verify that even a 1400-byte MTU would be sufficient, I pinged the VPN server using the following (Linux) command: ping <host> -s 1450 -M do This (I believe) sends a 1450-byte packet with fragmentation disabled (I at least verified that it didn't work if I set it to an obviously-too-large value like 1600 bytes). These seem to work just fine; I get replies back from the host with no issue. So, maybe this isn't an MTU issue at all. I'm just confused as to what else it might be! Edit 2: The rabbit hole just keeps getting deeper: I've now isolated the problem a bit more. It seems to be related to the exact OS that the VPN client uses. I have successfully duplicated the problem on at least three Ubuntu machines (versions 12.04 through 13.04). I can reliably duplicate an SSH connection freeze within a minute or so by just cat-ing a large log file. However, if I do the same test using a CentOS 6 machine as a client, then I don't see the problem! I've tested using the exact same OpenVPN client version as I was using on the Ubuntu machines. I can cat log files for hours without seeing the connection freeze. This seems to provide some insight as to the ultimate cause, but I'm just not sure what that insight is. I have examined the traffic over the VPN using Wireshark. I'm not a TCP expert, so I'm not sure what to make of the gory details, but the gist is that at some point, a UDP packet gets dropped due to the limited bandwidth of the Internet link, causing TCP retransmissions inside the VPN tunnel. On the CentOS client, these retransmissions occur properly and things move on happily. At some point with the Ubuntu clients, though, the remote end starts retransmitting the same TCP segment over and over (with the transmit delay increasing between each retransmission). The client sends what looks like a valid TCP ACK to each retransmission, but the remote end still continues to transmit the same TCP segment periodically. This extends ad infinitum and the connection stalls. My question here would be: Does anyone have any recommendations for how to troubleshoot and/or determine the root cause of the TCP issue? It's as if the remote end isn't accepting the ACK messages sent by the VPN client. One common difference between the CentOS node and the various Ubuntu releases is that Ubuntu has a much more recent Linux kernel version (from 3.2 in Ubuntu 12.04 to 3.8 in 13.04). A pointer to some new kernel bug maybe? I'm assuming that if that were so, then I wouldn't be the only one experiencing the problem; I don't think this seems like a particularly exotic setup.

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• How do I find the COM Add-ins in Spanish user's Excel 2003?

  - by Animesh

  I was working with a Spanish user today to resolve a plugin issue. All his language setting was in Spanish. I was trying to find COM-Addins in the Customize menu Command Tab Tools. Even the user was unable to find it. Please help me in locating this option. Thanks in Advance. Animesh

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• Mount Windows share on Linux boot

  - by Delameko

  I'm running VirtualBox in Windows. I have Linux 10.04 installed as a VM. Whenever I log in I have to run to following command to mount my shared Windows web dev folder: sudo mount.vboxsf web_apps /mnt/web_apps Where can I put this line (minus the sudo) so that it will run once when Linux boots up? I'm guessing there must be a root .profile or .login script that runs at some point?

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• Gnome Desktop Environment install error

  - by Barbaros

  So i moved to a new server and i want to install gnome desktop environment to access my server via vnc viewer. But, i don't remember how i managed to install last time, so i tried yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment" command and server said Warning: Group GNOME Desktop Environment does not exist. No packages in any requested group available to install or update It's a brand new server so i didn't add any repos or else yet It's a centos 5.5 server ...

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• Minimal OpenManage Linux Installation for SNMP Raid Monitoring?

  - by Kyle Brandt

  Is there a minimal installation I can do to make RAID information on a PowerEdge server available in SNMP so I can monitor it with Nagios? I have found command line utilities I could use check_by_ssh with, but I believe I would need to setuid/sudo them which sounds too risky to me. I am open to other ideas as well.

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• shortcut for Eventvwr > Connect to another computer

  - by Peter

  I was wondering if you can write the following action in a batch command? eventvwr (open the event viewer) Menu Action Connect to another computer Type in the name of the computer. Connect. This would make my life just a few minutes/day more efficient ;-) Update As we've just upgraded to Windows 7 and I needed a new solution, it seems to be possible like this: %windir%\system32\eventvwr.exe targethostname

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• Descending list ordered by file modification time

  - by user62367

  How can i generate a list of files in a directory [e.g.: "/mnt/hdd/PUB/"] ordered by the files modification time? [in descending order, the oldest modified file is at the lists end] ls -A -lRt would be great: https://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=AzuSVmrJ but if a file is changed in a directory it lists the full directory...so the pastebined link isn't good [i don't want a list ordered by "directories", i need a "per file" ordered list] os: openwrt..[no perl - not enough space for it :( + no "stat", or "file" command] Thank you!

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• How to force disconnect users from a box?

  - by LikeToCode

  how do you disconnect an active user logged in to a box? There should be a command line tool that comes with Windows, but I forgot it's name. It lists all the users logged in to a box and you can force disconnect of some, because, for example, you want to Remote Desktop to it and there's too many users.

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• Is it a very bad idea to create disk image of mounted disk?

  - by Maciek Sawicki

  I would like to backup my server. For example using dd: dd if=/dev/md0 of=/some_network_share I wonder if this image will be vary inconsistent if /dev/md0 is mounted? Would it be possible to convert such dd image to vdi drive and create working virtual machine? Using this command for example: VBoxManage convertfromraw ImageFile.dd OutputFile.vdi Network traffic is disabled on firewall (there is only connection to/from one remote machine where image is copied).

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• Print ssh and su chain

  - by user1824885

  Is there a way to show the complete ssh and su chain in bash? For example. In Server A as user aa: su - ab ssh ba@B su - bb Thus, I would like a command that prints something like this: 1 bash aa in A 2 su ab in A 3 ssh ba in B 4 su bb in B I tried pstree but it does not print the users and only works with the processes of the last ssh'ed server: $ pstree | grep -C 5 pstree serversshd---sshd---sshd---bash---su---bash-+-grep | `-pstree Thanks and regards.

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• unix script problem

  - by Darie Nicolae

  Hello everyone, I have a simple script which runs on a FreeBSD machine with the following code: #!/bin/sh `sed -i .bak '\:#start 172.0.0.3:,\:#end 172.0.0.3:d' /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf` echo $? It should delete a block of text between the two patterns. The problem is that if I run the sed command directly from shell it works, if i run the script the return code is 0. Why's that?

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• Magic key in Linux Kernel

  - by Masi

  What is the purpose of the following command? sudo echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger I run it, but I can see no difference in the magic key and its output at dmesg. Trigger suggests me that the databases of sysrq are involved in the process.

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• How can I check in bash if a shell is running in interactive mode?

  - by Checkers

  How can I tell (in ~/.bashrc) if I'm running in interactive mode, or, say, executing a command over ssh. I want to avoid printing of ANSI escape sequences in .bashrc if it's the latter.

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• many unknow process name as "sudo"

  - by joaner

  my server free memoney is less and less, And many process COMMAND are"sudo" when use top and enter M. I don't understand root user need to use "sudo". I want to know the way these processes are generated ? Can I kill ? Tasks: 185 total, 1 running, 184 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3967848k total, 3484196k used, 483652k free, 218532k buffers Swap: 4112376k total, 0k used, 4112376k free, 2932864k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22219 mysql 20 0 582m 67m 5492 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.75 mysqld 22337 daemon 20 0 327m 31m 3440 S 0.0 0.8 0:01.58 httpd 22252 daemon 20 0 321m 26m 3416 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.25 httpd 22263 daemon 20 0 319m 23m 3396 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.71 httpd 22253 daemon 20 0 310m 18m 3444 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.69 httpd 22251 root 20 0 28392 12m 3640 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.09 httpd 2422 root 20 0 9192 3608 2184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 ssh 13613 root 20 0 38220 3572 1044 S 0.0 0.1 0:22.31 rsyslogd 2423 root 20 0 11556 3420 2692 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 sshd 22570 root 20 0 11716 3408 2676 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 sshd 3351 root 20 0 10384 2540 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 30870 root 20 0 10384 2528 2000 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.06 sudo 14356 dkim-mil 20 0 49664 2444 1468 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.91 dkim-filter 2085 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7741 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29838 root 20 0 10376 2344 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2006 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29747 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30602 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30935 root 20 0 10376 2340 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2259 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2503 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 2515 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7718 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 7745 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 29845 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30172 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30352 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30548 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30598 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30897 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo 30899 root 20 0 10376 2336 1824 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sudo

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• Postfix issues sending mail to addresses under domain located on server

  - by iamthewit

  I recently installed virtualmin on my nice shiny new rackspace cloud. Everything went seemlessly but I've been having some issues getting emails to send properly. The problem seems to be that the server can not send mail to email addresses where the domain is owned by my server. For example, on my server I run multiple virtual domains, lets call this one test.com. When I run the mail command from shell (mail [email protected]) I get the following back from my maillog: Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/pickup[8737]: DC1131612CC: uid=0 from= Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DC1131612CC: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], size=353, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/error[8771]: DC1131612CC: [email protected], relay=none, delay=0, delays=0/0/0/0, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (User unknown in virtual alias table) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/cleanup[8769]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected] Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/bounce[8772]: DC1131612CC: sender non-delivery notification: DD07D1612D1 Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: from=<, size=2268, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DC1131612CC: removed Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/local[8773]: DD07D1612D1: [email protected], relay=local, delay=0.03, delays=0/0/0/0.03, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to command: /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME) Oct 6 14:55:18 test postfix/qmgr[8738]: DD07D1612D1: removed when I run mail [email protected] the message is sent and received perfectly fine. I'm a bit of a noob when it comes to servers, but I pick things up fairly quickly, so please excuse any incorrect terminology and my general noobiness. Any help would be greatly appreciated, I've been googling for quite a while but I haven't found a solution yet, I'll add a copy of my main.cf file in a response below cheers guys here is the reformatted postconf, do you want the reformatted main.cf file too, or is this enough? alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no mailbox_command = /usr/bin/procmail-wrapper -o -a $DOMAIN -d $LOGNAME mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man myhostname = server.test.com newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples sender_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/bcc sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

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• Ubuntu (9.1) behind a ISA proxy

  - by Dan

  I have set up a Ubuntu PC on a next work that is behind a ISA Proxy. When I run the command sudo apt-get update I get several messages with this message: 502 Proxy Error (The ISA Sever denied the specified Uniform Resource Locator) The computer can see the internet and adding the proxy settings in the Network Preferences does not help. When I do a ifconfig Im on a 192 address which is not the usual subnet our PCs are on. Any ideas?

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• wusa in server 2008 R2

  - by Jack

  I need to use wusa to uninstall a particular update that is causing a reboot loop. I can access winre and dism, but wusa gives command not found. Does wusa not come with r2, or is it not available in the built-in WinRE or what?

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• How to rate-limit concurrent sessions with nginx or haproxy?

  - by bantic

  I'm currently using nginx to reverse-proxy requests from web clients that are doing long-polling to an upstream. Since we're doing long polling (as opposed to websockets), when a client connects it will make multiple http connections to the server in serial, re-establishing a connection every time the server sends it some data (or timing out and re-establishing if the server has nothing to say for 10 seconds). What I'd like to do is limit the number of concurrent web clients. Since the clients are constantly making new HTTP requests instead of keeping a single request open, it's a little tricky to count the total number of web clients (because it's not the same as total number of concurrently connected http clients). The method I've come up with is to track http requests by the originating IP address, and store the IP address somewhere with a TTL of 20 seconds. If a request comes in whose IP isn't recognized, then we check the total number of unexpired stored IP addresses; if that's less than the maximum then we allow this request through. And if a request comes in with an IP address that we can find in the look-up table that hasn't yet expired, then it is allowed through as well. All requests that are allowed through have their IPs added to the table (if not there before) and the TTL refreshed to 20 seconds again. I had actually whipped something together that worked correctly this way using nginx along with the Redis 2.0 Nginx Module (and the nginx lua module to simplify the conditional branching), using redis to store my IP addresses with a TTL (the SETEX command), and checking the table size with the DBSIZE command. This worked but the performance was horrible. nginx and redis ended up using lots of cpu and the machine could only handle a very small number of concurrent requests. The new stick-table and tracking counters that were added to Haproxy in version 1.5 (via a commission from serverfault) seem like they might be ideal to implement exactly this sort of rate limiting, because the stick-table can track IP addresses and automatically expire entries. However, I don't see an easy way to get a total count of the unexpired entries in the stick table, which would be necessary to know the number of connected web clients. I'm curious if anyone has any suggestions, for nginx or haproxy or even for something else not mentioned here that I haven't thought of yet.

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• Webcam error (libv4lconvert) while capturing VIDEO

  - by shadyabhi

  I get the following when I capture images using my web-cam.. libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff libv4lconvert: Error decompressing JPEG: unknown huffman code: 0000ffff ...(same error repeating) ... I also had issue that my camera was not getting detected in ubuntu. So, in order to run an application that uses the webcam, I have to run a command like LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libv4l/v4l1compat.so ./6dofhand Whats causing these errors?

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• How should I configure postfix to avoid sent emails bouncing because of "Invalid HELO name"

  - by Vlad Socaciu

  Some mail sent from sites on my server bounce back with the following mail.log message Nov 26 17:27:53 blogu postfix/smtp[16858]: C4DD22908EC0: to=, relay=rejecting-domain.ro[rejecting-ip]:25, delay=2.5, delays=0.1/0/2.3/0.04, dsn=5.0.0, status=bounced (host rejecting-domain.ro[rejecting-ip] said: 550 Access denied - Invalid HELO name (See RFC2821 4.1.1.1) (in reply to MAIL FROM command)) On the receiving end, my emails are logged like this: 2011-11-22 15:09:35 H=static.39.80.4.46.clients.your-server.de (Ubuntu-1004-lucid-64-minimal) [my-server-ip] rejected MAIL : Access denied - Invalid HELO name (See RFC2821 4.1.1.1)

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