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  • R: How to pass a list of selection expressions (strings in this case) to the subset function?

    - by John
    Here is some example data: data = data.frame(series = c("1a", "1b", "1e"), reading = c(0.1, 0.4, 0.6)) > data series reading 1 1a 0.1 2 1b 0.4 3 1e 0.6 Which I can pull out selective single rows using subset: > subset (data, series == "1a") series reading 1 1a 0.1 And pull out multiple rows using a logical OR > subset (data, series == "1a" | series == "1e") series reading 1 1a 0.1 3 1e 0.6 But if I have a long list of series expressions, this gets really annoying to input, so I'd prefer to define them in a better way, something like this: series_you_want = c("1a", "1e") (although even this sucks a little) and be able to do something like this, subset (data, series == series_you_want) The above obviously fails, I'm just not sure what the best way to do this is?

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  • How to skip integers in C++ taken from a fstream txt file?

    - by Elaina
    I need to create a function that uses a loop. This function will open a text file and then must be able to skip a variable number of leading random integers. The program must be able to handle any number of leading random integers. Example if the opened file reads this on its first line: 100 120 92 82 38 49 102 and the SKIP_NUMBER variable is assigned 3 the number the function would grab is 82. The function must continue to grab the integers every SKIP_NUMBER until it reaches the end of the file. These integers taken from the txt file are then placed into another text file. Please help I'm really lost on how to create this loop! :D Here is my function so far... //Function skips variables and returns needed integer int skipVariable (int SKIP_NUMBER) { return 0; //temporary return } These are my program variables: // initialize function/variables ifstream fin; string IN_FILE_NAME, OUT_FILE_NAME; int SKIP_NUMBER;

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  • Is there a way to transfrom a list of key/value pairs into a data transfer object

    - by weevie
    ...apart from the obvious looping through the list and a dirty great case statement! I've turned over a few Linq queries in my head but nothing seems to get anywhere close. Here's the an example DTO if it helps: class ClientCompany { public string Title { get; private set; } public string Forenames { get; private set; } public string Surname { get; private set; } public string EmailAddress { get; private set; } public string TelephoneNumber { get; private set; } public string AlternativeTelephoneNumber { get; private set; } public string Address1 { get; private set; } public string Address2 { get; private set; } public string TownOrDistrict { get; private set; } public string CountyOrState { get; private set; } public string PostCode { get; private set; } } We have no control over the fact that we're getting the data in as KV pairs, I'm afraid.

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  • How to get all the fields of a row using the SQL MAX function?

    - by Yiannis Mpourkelis
    Consider this table (from http://www.tizag.com/mysqlTutorial/mysqlmax.php): Id name type price 123451 Park's Great Hits Music 19.99 123452 Silly Puddy Toy 3.99 123453 Playstation Toy 89.95 123454 Men's T-Shirt Clothing 32.50 123455 Blouse Clothing 34.97 123456 Electronica 2002 Music 3.99 123457 Country Tunes Music 21.55 123458 Watermelon Food 8.73 This SQL query returns the most expensive item from each type: SELECT type, MAX(price) FROM products GROUP BY type Clothing $34.97 Food $8.73 Music $21.55 Toy $89.95 I also want to get the fields id and name that belong to the above max price, for each row. What SQL query will return a table like this? Id name type price 123455 Blouse Clothing 34.97 123458 Watermelon Food 8.73 123457 Country Tunes Music 21.55 123453 Playstation Toy 89.95

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  • Should not a tail-recursive function also be faster?

    - by Balint Erdi
    I have the following Clojure code to calculate a number with a certain "factorable" property. (what exactly the code does is secondary). (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (factor-9 (quot n 10)))))) Now, I'm into TCO and realize that Clojure can only provide tail-recursion if explicitly told so using the recur keyword. So I've rewritten the code to do that (replacing factor-9 with recur being the only difference): (defn factor-9 ([] (let [digits (take 9 (iterate #(inc %) 1)) nums (map (fn [x] ,(Integer. (apply str x))) (permutations digits))] (some (fn [x] (and (factor-9 x) x)) nums))) ([n] (or (= 1 (count (str n))) (and (divisible-by-length n) (recur (quot n 10)))))) To my knowledge, TCO has a double benefit. The first one is that it does not use the stack as heavily as a non tail-recursive call and thus does not blow it on larger recursions. The second, I think is that consequently it's faster since it can be converted to a loop. Now, I've made a very rough benchmark and have not seen any difference between the two implementations although. Am I wrong in my second assumption or does this have something to do with running on the JVM (which does not have automatic TCO) and recur using a trick to achieve it? Thank you.

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  • Weak reference and Strong reference

    - by theband
    package uk.co.bigroom.utils { import flash.utils.Dictionary; /** * Class to create a weak reference to an object. A weak reference * is a reference that does not prevent the object from being * garbage collected. If the object has been garbage collected * then the get method will return null. */ public class WeakRef { private var dic:Dictionary; /** * The constructor - creates a weak reference. * * @param obj the object to create a weak reference to */ public function WeakRef( obj:* ) { dic = new Dictionary( true ); dic[obj] = 1; } /** * To get a strong reference to the object. * * @return a strong reference to the object or null if the * object has been garbage collected */ public function get():* { for ( var item:* in dic ) { return item; } return null; } } } In this Class, how they denote one as Weak Reference and one as Strong reference.

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  • Why not speed up testing by using function dependency graph?

    - by Maltrap
    It seems logical to me that if you have a dependency graph of your source code (tree showing call stack of all functions in your code base) you should be able to save a tremendous amount of time doing functional and integration tests after each release. Essentially you will be able to tell the testers exactly what functionality to test as the rest of the features remain unchanged from a source code point of view. If for instance you change a spelling mistake in once piece of the code, there is no reason to run through your whole test script again "just in case" you introduced a critical bug. My question, why are dependency trees not used in software engineering and if you use them, how do you maintain them? What tools are available that generate these trees for C# .NET, C++ and C source code?

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  • How can I override the attribute assignment in an active record object?

    - by ryeguy
    I know you can do this with virtual attributes, but what if the column actually exists? For example, my model has a raw_topic column. When raw_topic is set, I want artist and song_title to be set based off of raw_topic's contents. Ideally, I'd like to override the raw_topic= method, but rails doesn't seem to like that. What's the proper way of doing this? Is a callback the only way?

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  • How to convert this procedural programming to object-oriented programming?

    - by manus91
    I have a source code that is needed to be converted by creating classes, objects and methods. So far, I've just done by converting the initial main into a separate class. But I don't know what to do with constructor and which variables are supposed to be private. This is the code : import java.util.*; public class Card{ private static void shuffle(int[][] cards){ List<Integer> randoms = new ArrayList<Integer>(); Random randomizer = new Random(); for(int i = 0; i < 8;) { int r = randomizer.nextInt(8)+1; if(!randoms.contains(r)) { randoms.add(r); i++; } } List<Integer> clonedList = new ArrayList<Integer>(); clonedList.addAll(randoms); Collections.shuffle(clonedList); randoms.addAll(clonedList); Collections.shuffle(randoms); int i=0; for(int r=0; r < 4; r++){ for(int c=0; c < 4; c++){ cards[r][c] = randoms.get(i); i++; } } } public static void play() throws InterruptedException { int ans = 1; int preview; int r1,c1,r2,c2; int[][] cards = new int[4][4]; boolean[][] cardstatus = new boolean[4][4]; boolean gameover = false; int moves; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); do{ moves = 0; shuffle(cards); System.out.print("Enter the time(0 to 5) in seconds for the preview of the answer : "); preview = input.nextInt(); while((preview<0) || (preview>5)){ System.out.print("Invalid time!! Re-enter time(0 - 5) : "); preview = input.nextInt(); } preview = 1000*preview; System.out.println(" "); for (int i =0; i<4;i++){ for (int j=0;j<4;j++){ System.out.print(cards[i][j]); System.out.print(" "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); } Thread.sleep(preview); for(int b=0;b<25;b++){ System.out.println(" "); } for(int r=0;r<4;r++){ for(int c=0;c<4;c++){ System.out.print("*"); System.out.print(" "); cardstatus[r][c] = false; } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(" "); } System.out.println(""); do{ do{ System.out.print("Please insert the first card row : "); r1 = input.nextInt(); while((r1<1) || (r1>4)){ System.out.print("Invalid coordinate!! Re-enter first card row : "); r1 = input.nextInt(); } System.out.print("Please insert the first card column : "); c1 = input.nextInt(); while((c1<1) || (c1>4)){ System.out.print("Invalid coordinate!! Re-enter first card column : "); c1 = input.nextInt(); } if(cardstatus[r1-1][c1-1] == true){ System.out.println("The card is already flipped!! Select another card."); System.out.println(""); } }while(cardstatus[r1-1][c1-1] != false); do{ System.out.print("Please insert the second card row : "); r2 = input.nextInt(); while((r2<1) || (r2>4)){ System.out.print("Invalid coordinate!! Re-enter second card row : "); r2 = input.nextInt(); } System.out.print("Please insert the second card column : "); c2 = input.nextInt(); while((c2<1) || (c2>4)){ System.out.print("Invalid coordinate!! Re-enter second card column : "); c2 = input.nextInt(); } if(cardstatus[r2-1][c2-1] == true){ System.out.println("The card is already flipped!! Select another card."); } if((r1==r2)&&(c1==c2)){ System.out.println("You can't select the same card twice!!"); continue; } }while(cardstatus[r2-1][c2-1] != false); r1--; c1--; r2--; c2--; System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); for(int r=0;r<4;r++){ for(int c=0;c<4;c++){ if((r==r1)&&(c==c1)){ System.out.print(cards[r][c]); System.out.print(" "); } else if((r==r2)&&(c==c2)){ System.out.print(cards[r][c]); System.out.print(" "); } else if(cardstatus[r][c] == true){ System.out.print(cards[r][c]); System.out.print(" "); } else{ System.out.print("*"); System.out.print(" "); } } System.out.println(" "); System.out.println(" "); } System.out.println(""); if(cards[r1][c1] == cards[r2][c2]){ System.out.println("Cards Matched!!"); cardstatus[r1][c1] = true; cardstatus[r2][c2] = true; } else{ System.out.println("No cards match!!"); } Thread.sleep(2000); for(int b=0;b<25;b++){ System.out.println(""); } for(int r=0;r<4;r++){ for(int c=0;c<4;c++){ if(cardstatus[r][c] == true){ System.out.print(cards[r][c]); System.out.print(" "); } else{ System.out.print("*"); System.out.print(" "); } } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(" "); } System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); System.out.println(""); gameover = true; for(int r=0;r<4;r++){ for( int c=0;c<4;c++){ if(cardstatus[r][c]==false){ gameover = false; break; } } if(gameover==false){ break; } } moves++; }while(gameover != true); System.out.println("Congratulations, you won!!"); System.out.println("It required " + moves + " moves to finish it."); System.out.println(""); System.out.print("Would you like to play again? (1=Yes / 0=No) : "); ans = input.nextInt(); }while(ans == 1); } } The main class is: import java.util.*; public class PlayCard{ public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ Card game = new Card(); game.play(); } } Should I simplify the Card class by creating other classes? Through this code, my javadoc has no constructtor. So i need help on this!

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  • Loading table sections when using headers

    - by Luis Tovar
    I cant seem to wrap my head around this. I have googled, and overstacked for hours now looking for examples that i can relate to. What I have is two arrays. The name of my first NSMutableArray is "showDates". I have 3 objects in here. Object 0: "Today, May 20th" Object 1: "Tomorrow, May 21st" Object 2: "Saturday, May 22nd" Then I have my second NSMutableArray named "showTimes" I have about 15 objects in there with strings in each object. ( i hope that makes sense? ) Each object is structured like this: Object 0: showID @"98022" eventID @"833" showTime @"1:30pm" showDate @"Today, May 20th" auditorium @"9" venue @"2991" Object 1: showID @"98222" eventID @"813" showTime @"2:30pm" showDate @"Tomorrow, May 21st" auditorium @"9" venue @"2991" Etc, etc, .... I have the headers working great in my tableView, but I cant seem to figure out how to add the objects in my "showTimes" array under the correct header. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • More elegant way to make a C++ member function change different member variables based on template p

    - by Eric Moyer
    Today, I wrote some code that needed to add elements to different container variables depending on the type of a template parameter. I solved it by writing a friend helper class specialized on its own template parameter which had a member variable of the original class. It saved me a few hundred lines of repeating myself without adding much complexity. However, it seemed kludgey. I would like to know if there is a better, more elegant way. The code below is a greatly simplified example illustrating the problem and my solution. It compiles in g++. #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <iostream> namespace myNS{ template<class Elt> struct Container{ std::vector<Elt> contents; template<class Iter> void set(Iter begin, Iter end){ contents.erase(contents.begin(), contents.end()); std::copy(begin, end, back_inserter(contents)); } }; struct User; namespace WkNS{ template<class Elt> struct Worker{ User& u; Worker(User& u):u(u){} template<class Iter> void set(Iter begin, Iter end); }; }; struct F{ int x; explicit F(int x):x(x){} }; struct G{ double x; explicit G(double x):x(x){} }; struct User{ Container<F> a; Container<G> b; template<class Elt> void doIt(Elt x, Elt y){ std::vector<Elt> v; v.push_back(x); v.push_back(y); Worker<Elt>(*this).set(v.begin(), v.end()); } }; namespace WkNS{ template<class Elt> template<class Iter> void Worker<Elt>::set(Iter begin, Iter end){ std::cout << "Set a." << std::endl; u.a.set(begin, end); } template<> template<class Iter> void Worker<G>::set(Iter begin, Iter end){ std::cout << "Set b." << std::endl; u.b.set(begin, end); } }; }; int main(){ using myNS::F; using myNS::G; myNS::User u; u.doIt(F(1),F(2)); u.doIt(G(3),G(4)); } User is the class I was writing. Worker is my helper class. I have it in its own namespace because I don't want it causing trouble outside myNS. Container is a container class whose definition I don't want to modify, but is used by User in its instance variables. doIt<F> should modify a. doIt<G> should modify b. F and G are open to limited modification if that would produce a more elegant solution. (As an example of one such modification, in the real application F's constructor takes a dummy parameter to make it look like G's constructor and save me from repeating myself.) In the real code, Worker is a friend of User and member variables are private. To make the example simpler to write, I made everything public. However, a solution that requires things to be public really doesn't answer my question. Given all these caveats, is there a better way to write User::doIt?

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  • How to encapsulate a third party complex object structure?

    - by tangens
    Motivation Currently I'm using the java parser japa to create an abstract syntax tree (AST) of a java file. With this AST I'm doing some code generation (e.g.: if there's an annotation on a method, create some other source files, ...) Problem When my code generation becomes more complex, I've to dive deeper into the structure of the AST (e.g. I have to use visitors to extract some type information of method parameters). But I'm not sure if I want to stay with japa or if I will change the parser library later. Because my code generator uses freemarker (which isn't good at automatic refactoring) I want the interface that it uses to access the AST information to be stable, even if I decide to change the java parser. Question What's the best way to encapsulate complex datastructures of third party libraries? I could create my own datatypes and copy the parts of the AST that I need into these. I could create lots of specialized access methods that work with the AST and create exactly the infos I need (e.g. the fully qualified return type of a method as one string, or the first template parameter of a class). I could create wrapper classes for the japa datastructures I currently need and embed the japa types inside, so that I can delegate requests to the japa types and transform the resulting japa types to my wrapper classes again. Which solution should I take? Are there other (better) solutions to this problem?

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  • Should I use a global var or call the function every time? C++

    - by extintor
    Im using: bool GetOS(LPTSTR pszOS) { OSVERSIONINFOEX osve; BOOL bOsVersionInfoEx; ZeroMemory(&osve, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX)); osve.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX); if( !(bOsVersionInfoEx = GetVersionEx ((OSVERSIONINFO *) &osve)) ) return false; TCHAR buf[80]; StringCchPrintf( buf, 80, TEXT("%u.%u.%u.%u"), osve.dwPlatformId, osve.dwMajorVersion, osve.dwMinorVersion, osve.dwBuildNumber); StringCchCat(pszOS, BUFSIZE, buf); return true; } to get the windows version, and I am planning to use pszOS every a few minutes, Should I use pszOS as a global var or call GetOS() every time? What's the best option from a performance point of view.

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  • Pass in the object a java class is embedded in as a parameter.

    - by Leif Andersen
    I'm building an android application, which has a list view, and in the list view, a click listener, containing an onItemClick method. So I have something like this: public class myList extends ListActivity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { getListView().setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { /* Do something*/ } } } Normally, this works fine. However, many times I find myself needing too preform an application using the outer class as a context. thusfar, I've used: parent.getContext(); to do this, but I would like to know, is that a bad idea? I can't really call: super because it's not really a subclass, just an embedded one. So is there any better way, or is that considered cosure? Also, if it is the right way, what should I do if the embedded method doesn't have a parameter to get the outside class? Thank you.

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  • How can I add a field with an array value to my Perl object?

    - by superstar
    What's the difference between these two constructors in perl? 1) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = {}; $self->{firstName} = undef; $self->{lastName} = undef; $self->{PEERS} = []; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } 2) sub new { my $class = shift; my $self = { _firstName => shift, _lastName => shift, _ssn => shift, }; bless $self, $class; return $self; } I am using the second one so far, but I need to implement the PEERS array in the second one? How do I do it with the second constructor and how can we use get and set methods on those array variables?

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  • How do you return a pointer to a base class with a virtual function?

    - by Nick Sweet
    I have a base class called Element, a derived class called Vector, and I'm trying to redefine two virtual functions from Element in Vector. //element.h template <class T> class Element { public: Element(); virtual Element& plus(const Element&); virtual Element& minus(const Element&); }; and in another file //Vector.h #include "Element.h" template <class T> class Vector: public Element<T> { T x, y, z; public: //constructors Vector(); Vector(const T& x, const T& y = 0, const T& z =0); Vector(const Vector& u); ... //operations Element<T>& plus(const Element<T>& v) const; Element<T>& minus(const Element<T>& v) const; ... }; //sum template <class T> Element<T>& Vector<T>::plus(const Element<T>& v) const { Element<T>* ret = new Vector((x + v.x), (y + v.y), (z + v.z)); return *ret; } //difference template <class T> Element<T>& Vector<T>::minus(const Element<T>& v) const { Vector<T>* ret = new Vector((x - v.x), (y - v.y), (z - v.z)); return *ret; } but I always get error: 'const class Element' has no member named 'getx' So, can I define my virtual functions to take Vector& as an argument instead, or is there a way for me to access the data members of Vector through a pointer to Element? I'm still fairly new to inheritance polymorphism, fyi.

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  • Objective-C Basic class related question, retaining the value of a specific object using a class fil

    - by von steiner
    Members, scholars, code gurus. My background is far from any computer programming thus my question may seems basic and somewhat trivial to you. Nevertheless it seems that I can't put my head around it. I have googled and searched for the answer, just to get myself confused even more. With that, I would kindly ask for a simple explanation suitable for a non technical person such as myself and for other alike arriving to this thread. I have left a comment with the text "Here is the issue" below, referring to my question. // character.h #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface character : NSObject { NSString *name; int hitPoints; int armorClass; } @property (nonatomic,retain) NSString *name; @property int hitPoints,armorClass; -(void)giveCharacterInfo; @end // character.m #import "character.h" @implementation character @synthesize name,hitPoints,armorClass; -(void)giveCharacterInfo{ NSLog(@"name:%@ HP:%i AC:%i",name,hitPoints,armorClass); } @end // ClassAtLastViewController.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface ClassAtLastViewController : UIViewController { } -(void)callAgain; @end // ClassAtLastViewController.m #import "ClassAtLastViewController.h" #import "character.h" @implementation ClassAtLastViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { //[super viewDidLoad]; character *player = [[character alloc]init]; player.name = @"Minsc"; player.hitPoints = 140; player.armorClass = 10; [player giveCharacterInfo]; [player release]; // Up until here, All peachy! [self performSelector:@selector(callAgain) withObject:nil afterDelay:2.0]; } -(void)callAgain{ // Here is the issue, I assume that since I init the player again I loss everything // Q1. I loss all the data I set above, where is it than? // Q2. What is the proper way to implement this character *player = [[character alloc]init]; [player giveCharacterInfo]; } Many thanks in advance, Kindly remember that my background is more related to Salmons breeding than to computer code, try and lower your answer to my level if it's all the same to you.

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  • What is the naming convention in Python for variable and function names?

    - by Ray Vega
    Coming from a C# background the naming convention for variables and method names are usually either CamelCase or Pascal Case: // C# example string thisIsMyVariable = "a" public void ThisIsMyMethod() In Python, I have seen the above but I have also seen underscores being used: # python example this_is_my_variable = 'a' def this_is_my_function(): Is there a more preferable, definitive coding style for Python?

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  • Load XML file into object. Best method?

    - by Cypher
    Hello, We are receiving an XML file from our client. I want to load the data from this file into a class, but am unsure about which way to go about it. I have an XSD to defining what is expected in the XML file, so therefore i can easily validate the XML file. Can i use the XSD file to load the data into a POCO, using some sort of serialization? The other way i was thinking was to load the xml into a XMLDocument and use XPath to populate each property in my class. Cheers for any advice

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  • Is there an expand.grid like function in R, returning permutations ?

    - by Brani
    To become more specific, here is an example: > expand.grid(5, 5, c(1:4,6),c(1:4,6)) Var1 Var2 Var3 Var4 1 5 5 1 1 2 5 5 2 1 3 5 5 3 1 4 5 5 4 1 5 5 5 6 1 6 5 5 1 2 7 5 5 2 2 8 5 5 3 2 9 5 5 4 2 10 5 5 6 2 11 5 5 1 3 12 5 5 2 3 13 5 5 3 3 14 5 5 4 3 15 5 5 6 3 16 5 5 1 4 17 5 5 2 4 18 5 5 3 4 19 5 5 4 4 20 5 5 6 4 21 5 5 1 6 22 5 5 2 6 23 5 5 3 6 24 5 5 4 6 25 5 5 6 6 This data frame was created from all combinations of the supplied vectors. I would like to create a similar data frame from all permutations of the supplied vectors. Notice that each row must contain exactly 2 fives, yet not necessarily as the fist two elements. Thank you.

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  • In flex how do I pass data retrieved from a remote object service to a modules interface?

    - by Dan G
    I found at this Adobe tutorial a nice "RemoteService" class that creates a RemoteObject and contains the functions for handling the result and fault events. If I wanted to use this approach, how could I pass the data from the result handler to interfaces that modules from the main application could use? I could put the RemoteService/RemoteObject in the modules, but (in my opinion- and I could be wrong) the best design seems to be using the remote calls in the main app and passing the data along to the modules.

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  • Run javascript function after Server-Side validation is complete.

    - by Ed Woodcock
    Ok, I've got a lightbox with a small form (2 fields) in it, inside an UpdatePanel, and I want to close this lightbox (must be done via javascript) when the 'Save' button is pressed. However, there is a need to have a server-side CustomValidator on the page, and I only want to close the lightbox if this returns as valid. Does anyone know a way to trigger javascript (or jQuery) code from a server-side validator?

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