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  • How to create a generic C free function .

    - by nomemory
    I have some C structures related to a 'list' data structure. They look like this. struct nmlist_element_s { void *data; struct nmlist_element_s *next; }; typedef struct nmlist_element_s nmlist_element; struct nmlist_s { void (*destructor)(void *data); int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); unsigned int size; nmlist_element *head; nmlist_element *tail; }; typedef struct nmlist_s nmlist; This way I can have different data types being hold in "nmlist_element-data" . The "constructor" (in terms of OOP) has the following signature: nmlist *nmlist_alloc(void (*destructor)(void *data)); Where "destructor" is specific function that de-allocated "data" (being hold by the nmlist_element). If I want to have a list containing integers as data, my "destructor" would like this: void int_destructor(void *data) { free((int*)data); } Still i find it rather "unfriendly" for me to write a destructor functions for every simple primitive data type. So is there a trick to write something like this ? (for primitives): void "x"_destructor(void *data, "x") { free(("x" *)data); } PS: I am not a macro fan myself, and in my short experience regarding C, i don't use them, unless necessary.

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  • Why is debugging better in an IDE?

    - by Bill Karwin
    I've been a software developer for over twenty years, programming in C, Perl, SQL, Java, PHP, JavaScript, and recently Python. I've never had a problem I could not debug using some careful thought, and well-placed debugging print statements. I respect that many people say that my techniques are primitive, and using a real debugger in an IDE is much better. Yet from my observation, IDE users don't appear to debug faster or more successfully than I can, using my stone knives and bear skins. I'm sincerely open to learning the right tools, I've just never been shown a compelling advantage to using visual debuggers. Moreover, I have never read a tutorial or book that showed how to debug effectively using an IDE, beyond the basics of how to set breakpoints and display the contents of variables. What am I missing? What makes IDE debugging tools so much more effective than thoughtful use of diagnostic print statements? Can you suggest resources (tutorials, books, screencasts) that show the finer techniques of IDE debugging? Sweet answers! Thanks much to everyone for taking the time. Very illuminating. I voted up many, and voted none down. Some notable points: Debuggers can help me do ad hoc inspection or alteration of variables, code, or any other aspect of the runtime environment, whereas manual debugging requires me to stop, edit, and re-execute the application (possibly requiring recompilation). Debuggers can attach to a running process or use a crash dump, whereas with manual debugging, "steps to reproduce" a defect are necessary. Debuggers can display complex data structures, multi-threaded environments, or full runtime stacks easily and in a more readable manner. Debuggers offer many ways to reduce the time and repetitive work to do almost any debugging tasks. Visual debuggers and console debuggers are both useful, and have many features in common. A visual debugger integrated into an IDE also gives you convenient access to smart editing and all the other features of the IDE, in a single integrated development environment (hence the name).

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  • table subtraction challenge

    - by Valentin
    I have a challenge that I haven’t overcome in the last two days using Stored Procedures and SQL 2008. I took several approaches but must fell short. One appraoch very interesting was using a table substraction. It’s really all about table subtraction. I was wondering if you could help me crack this one. Here is the challenge: Two tables 1Testdb y 2Testdb. My first step was to select ID relationships ([2Testdb].Acc_id) on table 2Testdb for one given individual ([2Testdb].Bus_id). Then query table 1Testdb for records not mathcing my original selection from 2Testdb. But other approaches are welcome. Data and Structures: USE [Challengedb] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[1Testdb]( [Acc_id] [uniqueidentifier] NULL [Name] [Varchar(10)] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[2Testdb]( [Acc_id] [uniqueidentifier] NULL, [Bus_id] [uniqueidentifier] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO Records on 1Testdb: 34455F60-9474-4521-804E-66DB39A579F3, John C23523F6-2309-4F58-BB3F-EF7486C7AF8B, Pete DC711615-3BE4-4B31-9EF2-B1314185CA62, Dave E3AAB073-2398-476D-828B-92829F686A4C, Adam Records on 2Testdb: (Relationship table, ex. Friend relationships) Record #1: DC711615-3BE4-4B31-9EF2-B1314185CA62, 34455F60-9474-4521-804E-66DB39A579F3 Record #2: E3AAB073-2398-476D-828B-92829F686A4C, 34455F60-9474-4521-804E-66DB39A579F3 Record # 3: DC711615-3BE4-4B31-9EF2-B1314185CA62, E3AAB073-2398-476D-828B-92829F686A4C Record # 4: E3AAB073-2398-476D-828B-92829F686A4C, DC711615-3BE4-4B31-9EF2-B1314185CA62 Challenge: Select from table 1Testdb only those records distinct that may not have a relationship with John [34455F60-9474-4521-804E-66DB39A579F3] on table 2Testdb. Expected result should be (Who does John doesn’t have relationship with?): C23523F6-2309-4F58-BB3F-EF7486C7AF8B, Pete Thank you, Valentin

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  • Indices instead of pointers in STL containers?

    - by zvrba
    Due to specific requirements [*], I need a singly-linked list implementation that uses integer indices instead of pointers to link nodes. The indices are always interpreted with respect to a vector containing the list nodes. I thought I might achieve this by defining my own allocator, but looking into the gcc's implementation of , they explicitly use pointers for the link fields in the list nodes (i.e., they do not use the pointer type provided by the allocator): struct _List_node_base { _List_node_base* _M_next; ///< Self-explanatory _List_node_base* _M_prev; ///< Self-explanatory ... } (For this purpose, the allocator interface is also deficient in that it does not define a dereference function; "dereferencing" an integer index always needs a pointer to the underlying storage.) Do you know a library of STL-like data structures (i am mostly in need of singly- and doubly-linked list) that use indices (wrt. a base vector) instead of pointers to link nodes? [*] Saving space: the lists will contain many 32-bit integers. With two pointers per node (STL list is doubly-linked), the overhead is 200%, or 400% on 64-bit platform, not counting the overhead of the default allocator.

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  • how to elegantly duplicate a graph (neural network)

    - by macias
    I have a graph (network) which consists of layers, which contains nodes (neurons). I would like to write a procedure to duplicate entire graph in most elegant way possible -- i.e. with minimal or no overhead added to the structure of the node or layer. Or yet in other words -- the procedure could be complex, but the complexity should not "leak" to structures. They should be no complex just because they are copyable. I wrote the code in C#, so far it looks like this: neuron has additional field -- copy_of which is pointer the the neuron which base copied from, this is my additional overhead neuron has parameterless method Clone() neuron has method Reconnect() -- which exchanges connection from "source" neuron (parameter) to "target" neuron (parameter) layer has parameterless method Clone() -- it simply call Clone() for all neurons network has parameterless method Clone() -- it calls Clone() for every layer and then it iterates over all neurons and creates mappings neuron=copy_of and then calls Reconnect to exchange all the "wiring" I hope my approach is clear. The question is -- is there more elegant method, I particularly don't like keeping extra pointer in neuron class just in case of being copied! I would like to gather the data in one point (network's Clone) and then dispose it completely (Clone method cannot have an argument though).

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  • Problem with linking in gcc

    - by chitra
    I am compiling a program in which a header file is defined in multiple places. Contents of each of the header file is different, though the variable names are the same internal members within the structures are different . Now at the linking time it is picking up from a library file which belongs to a different header not the one which is used during compilation. Due to this I get an error at link time. Since there are so many libraries with the same name I don't know which library is being picked up. I have lot of oems and other customized libraries which are part of this build. I checked out the options in gcc which talks about selecting different library files to be included. But no where I am able to see an option which talks about which libraries are being picked up the linker. If the linker is able to find more than one library file name, then which does the linker pick up is something which I am not able to understand. I don't want to specify any path, rather I want to understand how the linker is resolving the multiple libraries that it is able to locate. I tried putting -v option, but that doesn't list out the path from which the gcc picks up the library. I am using gcc on linux. Any help in this regard is highly appreciated. Regards, Chitra

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  • What should be taught in a "Fundamentals of programming" course at university?

    - by Dervin Thunk
    I have started a new question (see here), because I think the topic is of importance in a more general form. The question is now: If you were a professor at a Computer Science Dept. in some university, what would make it into your course? This is a programming course, second term, first year computer science/computer engineering. Remember you have a limited amount of time, and students are of different levels of competence, and some may be scientists, but some will also go on to be programmers in companies of different kinds. You have to cater to all. Bonus: What language? (Although see this question for my current thoughts about this...) Maybe you want to attach a course outline from some university? See here for an even more general question about this. Answer: I can't really summarize this post... I guess it was too subjective. However, it looks like we have to cover the history of computing up to a certain extent, computer architecture (memory, registers, whatever), C, and finally some basic algos and data structures in a problem solving fashion. This will be the bare bones of the course. Thanks all. I will accept the most voted up answer to close the thread, as it should be done.

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  • How would you implement a hashtable in language x?

    - by mk
    The point of this question is to collect a list of examples of hashtable implementations using arrays in different languages. It would also be nice if someone could throw in a pretty detailed overview of how they work, and what is happening with each example. Edit: Why not just use the built in hash functions in your specific language? Because we should know how hash tables work and be able to implement them. This may not seem like a super important topic, but knowing how one of the most used data structures works seems pretty important to me. If this is to become the wikipedia of programming, then these are some of the types of questions that I will come here for. I'm not looking for a CS book to be written here. I could go pull Intro to Algorithms off the shelf and read up on the chapter on hash tables and get that type of info. More specifically what I am looking for are code examples. Not only for me in particular, but also for others who would maybe one day be searching for similar info and stumble across this page. To be more specific: If you had to implement them, and could not use built-in functions, how would you do it? You don't need to put the code here. Put it in pastebin and just link it.

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  • Is XSLT worth investing time in and are there any actual alternatives?

    - by Keeno
    I realize this has been a few other questions on this topic, and people are saying use your language of choice to manipulate the XML etc etc however, not quite fit my question exactly. Firstly, the scope of the project: We want to develop platform independent e-learning, currently, its a bunch of HTML pages but as they grow and develop they become hard to maintain. The idea: Generate up an XML file + Schema, then produce some XSLT files that process the XML into the eLearning modiles. XML to HTML via XSLT. Why: We would like the flexibilty to be able to easy reformat the content (I realize CSS is a viable alternative here) If we decide to alter the pages layout or functionality in anyway, im guessing altering the "shared" XSLT files would be easier than updating the HTML files. So far, we have about 30 modules, with up to 10-30 pages each Depending on some "parameters" we could output drastically different page layouts/structures, above and beyond what CSS can do Now, all this has to be platform independent, and to be able to run "offline" i.e. without a server powering the HTML Negatives I've read so far for XSLT: Overhead? Not exactly sure why...is it the compute power need to convert to HTML? Difficult to learn Better alternatives Now, what I would like to know exactly is: are there actually any viable alternatives for this "offline"? Am I going about it in the correct manner, do you guys have any advice or alternatives. Thanks!

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  • Where do objects merge/join data in a 3-tier model?

    - by BerggreenDK
    Its probarbly a simple 3-tier problem. I just want to make sure we use the best practice for this and I am not that familiary with the structures yet. We have the 3 tiers: GUI: ASP.NET for Presentation-layer (first platform) BAL: Business-layer will be handling the logic on a webserver in C#, so we both can use it for webforms/MVC + webservices DAL: LINQ to SQL in the Data-layer, returning BusinessObjects not LINQ. DB: The SQL will be Microsoft SQL-server/Express (havent decided yet). Lets think of setup where we have a database of [Persons]. They can all have multiple [Address]es and we have a complete list of all [PostalCode] and corresponding citynames etc. The deal is that we have joined a lot of details from other tables. {Relations}/[tables] [Person]:1 --- N:{PersonAddress}:M --- 1:[Address] [Address]:N --- 1:[PostalCode] Now we want to build the DAL for Person. How should the PersonBO look and when does the joins occure? Is it a business-layer problem to fetch all citynames and possible addressses pr. Person? or should the DAL complete all this before returning the PersonBO to the BAL ? Class PersonBO { public int ID {get;set;} public string Name {get;set;} public List<AddressBO> {get;set;} // Question #1 } // Q1: do we retrieve the objects before returning the PersonBO and should it be an Array instead? or is this totally wrong for n-tier/3-tier?? Class AddressBO { public int ID {get;set;} public string StreetName {get;set;} public int PostalCode {get;set;} // Question #2 } // Q2: do we make the lookup or just leave the PostalCode for later lookup? Can anyone explain in what order to pull which objects? Constructive criticism is very welcome. :o)

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  • object / class methods serialized as well?

    - by Mat90
    I know that data members are saved to disk but I was wondering whether object's/class' methods are saved in binary format as well? Because I found some contradictionary info, for example: Ivor Horton: "Class objects contain function members as well as data members, and all the members, both data and functions, have access specifiers; therefore, to record objects in an external file, the information written to the file must contain complete specifications of all the class structures involved." and: Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? Thus: are method's assembly instructions (opcodes and operands) stored to disk as well? Just like a precompiled LIB or DLL? During the DOS ages I used assembly so now and then. As far as I remember from Delphi and the following site (answer by dan04): Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? sizeof(<OBJECT or CLASS>) will give the size of all data members together (no methods/procedures). Also a nice C example is given there with data and members declared in one class/struct but at runtime these methods are separate procedures acting on a struct of data. However, I think that later class/object implementations like Pascal's VMT may be different in memory.

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  • Simplifying for-if messes with better structure?

    - by HH
    # Description: you are given a bitwise pattern and a string # you need to find the number of times the pattern matches in the string # any one liner or simple pythonic solution? import random def matchIt(yourString, yourPattern): """find the number of times yourPattern occurs in yourString""" count = 0 matchTimes = 0 # How can you simplify the for-if structures? for coin in yourString: #return to base if count == len(pattern): matchTimes = matchTimes + 1 count = 0 #special case to return to 2, there could be more this type of conditions #so this type of if-conditionals are screaming for a havoc if count == 2 and pattern[count] == 1: count = count - 1 #the work horse #it could be simpler by breaking the intial string of lenght 'l' #to blocks of pattern-length, the number of them is 'l - len(pattern)-1' if coin == pattern[count]: count=count+1 average = len(yourString)/matchTimes return [average, matchTimes] # Generates the list myString =[] for x in range(10000): myString= myString + [int(random.random()*2)] pattern = [1,0,0] result = matchIt(myString, pattern) print("The sample had "+str(result[1])+" matches and its size was "+str(len(myString))+".\n" + "So it took "+str(result[0])+" steps in average.\n" + "RESULT: "+str([a for a in "FAILURE" if result[0] != 8])) # Sample Output # # The sample had 1656 matches and its size was 10000. # So it took 6 steps in average. # RESULT: ['F', 'A', 'I', 'L', 'U', 'R', 'E']

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  • Why doesn't the Java Collections API include a Graph implementation?

    - by dvanaria
    I’m currently learning the Java Collections API and feel I have a good understanding of the basics, but I’ve never understood why this standard API doesn’t include a Graph implementation. The three base classes are easily understandable (List, Set, and Map) and all their implementations in the API are mostly straightforward and consistent. Considering how often graphs come up as a potential way to model a given problem, this just doesn’t make sense to me (it’s possible it does exist in the API and I’m not looking in the right place of course). Steve Yegge suggests in one of his blog posts that a programmer should consider graphs first when attacking a problem, and if the problem domain doesn’t fit naturally into this data structure, only then consider the alternative structures. My first guess is that there is no universal way to represent graphs, or that their interfaces may not be generic enough for an API implementation to be useful? But if you strip down a graph to its basic components (vertices and a set of edges that connect some or all of the vertices) and consider the ways that graphs are commonly constructed (methods like addVertex(v) and insertEdge(v1, v2)) it seems that a generic Graph implementation would be possible and useful. Thanks for helping me understand this better.

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  • Populating and Using Dynamic Classes in C#/.NET 4.0

    - by Bob
    In our application we're considering using dynamically generated classes to hold a lot of our data. The reason for doing this is that we have customers with tables that have different structures. So you could have a customer table called "DOG" (just making this up) that contains the columns "DOGID", "DOGNAME", "DOGTYPE", etc. Customer #2 could have the same table "DOG" with the columns "DOGID", "DOG_FIRST_NAME", "DOG_LAST_NAME", "DOG_BREED", and so on. We can't create classes for these at compile time as the customer can change the table schema at any time. At the moment I have code that can generate a "DOG" class at run-time using reflection. What I'm trying to figure out is how to populate this class from a DataTable (or some other .NET mechanism) without extreme performance penalties. We have one table that contains ~20 columns and ~50k rows. Doing a foreach over all of the rows and columns to create the collection take about 1 minute, which is a little too long. Am I trying to come up with a solution that's too complex or am I on the right track? Has anyone else experienced a problem like this? Create dynamic classes was the solution that a developer at Microsoft proposed. If we can just populate this collection and use it efficiently I think it could work.

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  • pointer to a structure in a nested structure

    - by dpka6
    I have a 6 levels of nested structures. I am having problem with last three levels. The program compiles fine but when I run it crashes with Segmentation fault. There is some problem in assignment is what I feel. Kindly point out the error. typedef struct { char addr[6]; int32_t rs; uint16_t ch; uint8_t ap; } C; typedef struct { C *ap_info; } B; typedef struct { union { B wi; } u; } A; function1(char addr , int32_t rs, uint16_t ch, uint8_t ap){ A la; la.u.wi.ap_info->addr[6] = addr; la.u.wi.ap_info->rs = rs; la.u.wi.ap_info->ch = ch; la.u.wi.ap_info->ap = ap; }

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  • can I acces a struct inside of a struct without using the dot operator?

    - by yan bellavance
    I have 2 structures that have 90% of their fields the same. I want to group those fields in a structure but I do not want to use the dot operator to access them. The reason is I already coded with the first structure and have just created the second one. before: struct{ int a; int b; int c; object1 name; }str1; struct{ int a; int b; int c; object2 name; }str2; now I would create a third struct: struct{ int a; int b; int c; }str3; and would change the str1 and atr2 to this: struct{ str3 str; object1 name; }str1; struct { str3 str; object2 name; }str2; Finally I would like to be able to access a,b and c by doing: str1 myStruct; myStruct.a; myStruct.b; myStruct.c; and not: myStruct.str.a; myStruct.str.b; myStruct.str.c; Is there a way to do such a thing. The reason for doing this is I want keep the integrety of the data if chnges to the struct were to occur and to not repeat myself and not have to change my existing code and not have fields nested too deeply.

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  • ASP.NET - Accessing copied content

    - by James Kolpack
    I have a class library project which contains some content files configured with the "Copy if newer" copy build action. This results in the files being copied to a folder under ...\bin\ for every project in the solution. In this same solution, I've got a ASP.NET web project (which is MVC, by the way). In the library I have a static constructor load the files into data structures accessible by the web project. Previously I've been including the content as an embedded resource. I now need to be able to replace them without recompiling. I want to access the data in three different contexts: Unit testing the library assembly Debugging the web application Hosting the site in IIS For unit testing, Environment.CurrentDirectory points to a path containing the copied content. When debugging however, it points to C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE. I've also looked at Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location which points to C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root\c44f9da4\9238ccc\assembly\dl3\eb4c23b4\9bd39460_f7d4ca01\. What I need is to the physical location of the webroot \bin folder, but since I'm in a static constructor in the library project, I don't have access to a Request.PhysicalApplicationPath. Is there some other environment variable or structure where I can always find my "Copy if newer" files?

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  • Implementation problem. Htaccess in php

    - by Irwan
    I have a problem to fix the URL on my website at http://www.abelputra.com I need a solution: I want to change www.abelputra.com/software.php into www.abelputra.com/software I have read a tutorial like this: For .htaccess: RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^ ([a-zA-Z0-9_-] +) $ index.php? Key = $ 1 RewriteRule ^ ([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/$ index.php? Key = $ 1 Then in php: index.php --- $Key=$ _GET ['key']; if ($key == 'home') { include ('index.php'); // Home page } else if ($ key == 'software') { include ('software.php'); // } else if ($ key == 'webdesign') { include ('webdesign.php'); // } The problem is: When I implemented the menu software.php index.php to call the page: www.abelputra.com/index.php?key=software what happens is the page that is shown is two pages later software.php index.php page underneath. Is it because calling functions "include ()"? index.php structures: Header Content - contains the opening words Footer software.php structure: Header Content - contains an explanation of my software Footer Sorry my english bad. im from Indonesia. Please solution .. thanks

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  • Some questions about special operators i've never seen in C++ code.

    - by toto
    I have downloaded the Phoenix SDK June 2008 (Tools for compilers) and when I'm reading the code of the Hello sample, I really feel lost. public ref class Hello { //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // Description: // // Class Variables. // // Remarks: // // A normal compiler would have more flexible means for holding // on to all this information, but in our case it's simplest (if // somewhat inelegant) if we just keep references to all the // structures we'll need to access as classstatic variables. // //-------------------------------------------------------------------------- static Phx::ModuleUnit ^ module; static Phx::Targets::Runtimes::Runtime ^ runtime; static Phx::Targets::Architectures::Architecture ^ architecture; static Phx::Lifetime ^ lifetime; static Phx::Types::Table ^ typeTable; static Phx::Symbols::Table ^ symbolTable; static Phx::Phases::PhaseConfiguration ^ phaseConfiguration; 2 Questions : What's that ref keyword? What is that sign ^ ? What is it doing protected: virtual void Execute ( Phx::Unit ^ unit ) override; }; override is a C++ keyword too? It's colored as such in my Visual Studio. I really want to play with this framework, but this advanced C++ is really an obstacle right now. Thank you.

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  • XSLT, worth investing time in, any actual alternatives?

    - by Keeno
    I realise this has been a few other questions on this topic, and people are saying use your language of choice to manipulate the xml etc etc however, not quite fit my question exactly. Firstly, the scope of the project: We want to develop platform independant e-learning, currently, its a bunch of HTML pages but as they grow and develop they become hard to maintain. The idea: Generate up an XML file + Schema, then produce some XSLT files that process the XML into the eLearning modiles. XML to HTML via XSLT. Why: We would like the flexibily to be able to easy reformat the content (i realise CSS is a viable alternative here) If we decide to alter the pages layout or functionality in anyway, im guessing altering the "shared" XSLT files would be easier than updating the HTML files. So far, we have about 30 modules, with up to 10-30 pages each Depending on some "parameters" we could output drastically different page layouts/structures, above and beyond what CSS can do Now, all this has to be platform independant, and to be able to run "offline" i.e. without a server powering the HTML Negatives ive read so far for XSLT: Overheard? Not exactly sure why...is it the compute power need to convert to HTML? Difficult to learn Better alternatives Now, what I would like to know exactly is: are there actually any viable alternatives for this "offline"? Am I going about it in the correct manner, do you guys have any advice or alternatives. Thanks!

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  • Avoid an "out of memory error" in Java(eclipse), when using large data structure?

    - by gnomed
    OK, so I am writing a program that unfortunately needs to use a huge data structure to complete its work, but it is failing with a "out of memory error" during its initialization. While I understand entirely what that means and why it is a problem, I am having trouble overcoming it, since my program needs to use this large structure and I don't know any other way to store it. The program first indexes a large corpus of text files that I provide. This works fine. Then it uses this index to initialize a large 2D array. This array will have nXn entries, where "n" is the number of unique words in the corpus of text. For the relatively small chunk I am testing it on(about 60 files) it needs to make approximately 30,000x30,000 entries. this will probably be bigger once I run it on my full intended corpus too. It consistently fails every time, after it indexes, while it is initializing the data structure(to be worked on later). Things I have done include: revamp my code to use a primitive "int[]" instead of a "TreeMap" eliminate redundant structures, etc... Also, I have run eclipse with "eclipse -vmargs -Xmx2g" to max out my allocated memory I am fairly confident this is not going to be a simple line of code solution, but is most likely going to require a very new approach. I am looking for what that approach is, any ideas? Thanks, B.

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  • How to store a linked list in a struct in C

    - by LuckySlevin
    typedef struct child_list {int count; char vo[100]; child_list*next;} child_list; typedef struct parent_list { char vo[100]; child_list * head; int count; parent_list * next; } parent_list; As you can see there are two structures. child_list is used to create a linked list. And this list will be stored in a linked list of parent list. My problem is to display the child list which in the parent_list. My desire to get while displaying the linked list of parent_list: This lists work with this logic. I already made append and other stuff. For example if i enter ab cd ab ja cd ab Word Count List ab 3 cd->ja cd 2 ab->ab ja 1 cd The problematic part is displaying child_list which is in the parent_list nodes(List column of output). I don't know my question is clear please ask for further info.

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  • How slow are bit fields in C++

    - by Shane MacLaughlin
    I have a C++ application that includes a number of structures with manually controlled bit fields, something like #define FLAG1 0x0001 #define FLAG2 0x0002 #define FLAG3 0x0004 class MyClass { ' ' unsigned Flags; int IsFlag1Set() { return Flags & FLAG1; } void SetFlag1Set() { Flags |= FLAG1; } void ResetFlag1() { Flags &= 0xffffffff ^ FLAG1; } ' ' }; For obvious reasons I'd like to change this to use bit fields, something like class MyClass { ' ' struct Flags { unsigned Flag1:1; unsigned Flag2:1; unsigned Flag3:1; }; ' ' }; The one concern I have with making this switch is that I've come across a number of references on this site stating how slow bit fields are in C++. My assumption is that they are still faster than the manual code shown above, but is there any hard reference material covering the speed implications of using bit fields on various platforms, specifically 32bit and 64bit windows. The application deals with huge amounts of data in memory and must be both fast and memory efficient, which could well be why it was written this way in the first place.

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  • Splitting a set of object into several subsets of 'similar' objects

    - by doublep
    Suppose I have a set of objects, S. There is an algorithm f that, given a set S builds certain data structure D on it: f(S) = D. If S is large and/or contains vastly different objects, D becomes large, to the point of being unusable (i.e. not fitting in allotted memory). To overcome this, I split S into several non-intersecting subsets: S = S1 + S2 + ... + Sn and build Di for each subset. Using n structures is less efficient than using one, but at least this way I can fit into memory constraints. Since size of f(S) grows faster than S itself, combined size of Di is much less than size of D. However, it is still desirable to reduce n, i.e. the number of subsets; or reduce the combined size of Di. For this, I need to split S in such a way that each Si contains "similar" objects, because then f will produce a smaller output structure if input objects are "similar enough" to each other. The problems is that while "similarity" of objects in S and size of f(S) do correlate, there is no way to compute the latter other than just evaluating f(S), and f is not quite fast. Algorithm I have currently is to iteratively add each next object from S into one of Si, so that this results in the least possible (at this stage) increase in combined Di size: for x in S: i = such i that size(f(Si + {x})) - size(f(Si)) is min Si = Si + {x} This gives practically useful results, but certainly pretty far from optimum (i.e. the minimal possible combined size). Also, this is slow. To speed up somewhat, I compute size(f(Si + {x})) - size(f(Si)) only for those i where x is "similar enough" to objects already in Si. Is there any standard approach to such kinds of problems? I know of branch and bounds algorithm family, but it cannot be applied here because it would be prohibitively slow. My guess is that it is simply not possible to compute optimal distribution of S into Si in reasonable time. But is there some common iteratively improving algorithm?

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  • How can I eliminate latency in quicktime streamed video

    - by JJFeiler
    I'm prototyping a client that displays streaming video from a HaiVision Barracuda through a quicktime client. I've been unable to reduce the buffer size below 3.0 seconds... for this application, we need as low a latency as the network allows, and prefer video dropouts to delay. I'm doing the following: - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification { NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"haivision" ofType:@"sdp"]; NSError *error = nil; QTMovie *qtmovie = [QTMovie movieWithFile:path error:&error]; if( error != nil ) { NSLog(@"error: %@", [error localizedDescription]); } Movie movie = [qtmovie quickTimeMovie]; long trackCount = GetMovieTrackCount(movie); Track theTrack = GetMovieTrack(movie,1); Media theMedia = GetTrackMedia(theTrack); MediaHandler theMediaHandler = GetMediaHandler(theMedia); QTSMediaPresentationParams myPres; ComponentResult c = QTSMediaGetIndStreamInfo(theMediaHandler, 1,kQTSMediaPresentationInfo, &myPres); Fixed shortdelay = 1<<15; OSErr theErr = QTSPresSetInfo (myPres.presentationID, kQTSAllStreams, kQTSTargetBufferDurationInfo, &shortdelay ); NSLog(@"OSErr %d", theErr); [movieView setMovie:qtmovie]; [movieView play:self]; } I seem to be getting valid objects/structures all the way down to the QTSPres, though the ComponentResult and OSErr are both returning -50. The streaming video plays fine, but the buffer is still 3.0seconds. Any help/insight appreciated. J

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