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  • Document/Scripts management for R code

    - by harshsinghal
    Hi useRs, I am looking for a solution that allows me to keep a track of a multitude of R scripts that I create for various projects and purposes. Some scripts are easily tracked to specific projects, whereas others are "convenience" functions created to serve a set of tasks. Is there a way I can create a central DB and query it to find which scripts match most appropriately? I could create a system using a DBMS manually, but are users aware of anything in general or specific to R, that comes in the form of a software tool (maybe FOSS) ?

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  • When are C++ macros beneficial?

    - by Motti
    The C preprocessor is justifiably feared and shunned by the C++ community. In-lined functions, consts and templates are usually a safer and superior alternative to a #define. The following macro: #define SUCCEEDED(hr) ((HRESULT)(hr) >= 0) is in no way superior to the type safe: inline bool succeeded(int hr) { return hr >= 0; } But macros do have their place, please list the uses you find for macros that you can't do without the preprocessor. Please put each use-cases in a seperate answer so it can be voted up and if you know of how to achieve one of the answers without the preprosessor point out how in that answer's comments.

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  • Is it possible get the functionality of namespaces inside a class?

    - by CowKingDeluxe
    I have the following code: Public Class Form1 Private Function Step1_Execute() As Boolean Return Step1_Verify() End Function Private Function Step1_Verify() As Boolean Return True End Function Private Function Step2_Execute() As Boolean Return Step2_Verify() End Function Private Function Step2_Verify() As Boolean Return True End Function End Class What I would like to do is be able to separate the code, similar to the following (which obviously doesn't work): Public Class Form1 Namespace Step1 Private Function Step1_Execute() As Boolean Return Step1_Verify() End Function Private Function Step1_Verify() As Boolean Return True End Function End Namespace Namespace Step2 Private Function Step2_Execute() As Boolean Return Step2_Verify() End Function Private Function Step2_Verify() As Boolean Return True End Function End Namespace End Class I would like the functionality of namespaces inside of a class, as in something that would let me call Step2.Execute() instead of having to put Step2_ in front of a whole bunch of functions. I don't want to have to create separate classes / modules for step1, step2, etc. Is there a way that I can accomplish namespace functionality from inside a class?

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  • What's the best/easiest way to compare two times in Objective-C?

    - by Andy
    I've got a string representation of a time, like "11:13 AM." This was produced using an NSDateFormatter and the stringFromDate: method. I'd like to compare this time to the current time, but when I use the dateFromString: method to turn the string back into a date, a year, month and day are added - which I don't want. I just need to know if right now is < or the time stored in the string. What's going to be the best way to handle that? Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Are there any context-sensitive code search tools?

    - by Vicky
    I have been getting very frustrated recently in dealing with a massive bulk of legacy code which I am trying to get familiar with. Say I try to search for a particular function call, I get loads of results that turn out to be completely irrelevant; some of them are easy to spot, eg a comment saying // Fixed functionality in foo() so don't need to handle this here any more But others are much harder to spot manually, because they turn out to be calls from other functions in modules that are only compiled in certain cases, or are part of a much larger block of code that is #if 0'd out in its entirety. What I'd like would be a search tool that would allow me to search for a term and give me the choice to include or exclude commented out or #if 0'd out code. Then the search results would be displayed alongside a list of #defines that are required in order for that snippet of code to be relevant. I'm working in C / C++, but other than the specific comment syntax I guess the techniques should be more generally applicable. Does such a tool exist?

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  • sigprocmask not working

    - by EpsilonVector
    I'm using sigprocmask as follows: void mask(){ sigset_t new_set,old_set; sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set,SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); } and to my surprise a function which prints a big list somehow gets interrupted by the signal, even though I invoke mask() at its beginning. It looks as if mask fails, since my function doesn't invoke any other functions and therefore nowhere in its run should an unmask() happen. What can cause sigprocmask to fail?

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  • Infor PM (Business Intelligence solution)

    - by Andrew
    We are currently implementing the commercial Infor PM (Performance Management) package as a business intelligence tool. Infor PM website It is apparently used by over 1,000 companies around the world, but I have found scant information about it on the net except for what's on their own website. It covers the whole range of data warehousing and BI functions with: an OLAP environment an ETL tool a report writer (called Application Studio) an add-on to Excel to connect to the data in the cubes through a pivot table etc Does anyone have any experience with using this package? How does it compare to the big players in BI (Cognos, Microsoft SSAS, Business Objects, etc). Any pitfalls I should know about? On the other hand, does it do anything better than its competitors?

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  • Reading a part of a alpha numeric string in SQL

    - by novice
    I have a table with one column " otname " table1.otname contains multiple rows of alpha-numeric string resembling the following data sample: 11.10.32.12.U.A.F.3.2.21.249.1 2001.1.1003.8281.A.LE.P.P 2010.1.1003.8261.A.LE.B.B I want to read the fourth number in every string ( part of the string in bold ) and write a query in Oracle 10g to read its description stored in another table. My dilemma is writing the first part of the query.i.e. choosing the fourth number of every string in a table My second query will be something like this: select description_text from table2 where sncode = 8281 -- fourth part of the data sample in every string Many thanks. novice

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  • WebService Security

    - by LauzPT
    Hello, I'm developing an project, which consists in a webservice and a client application. It's a fair simple scenario. The webservice is connected to a database server, and the client consumes from the webserver in order to get information retrieved from the database. The thing is: 1. The client application can only display data after a previous authentication; 2. All the data transferred between Web Service and clients must be confidential; 3. Data integrity shouldn’t be compromised; I'm wondering what is the best way to achieve these requirements. The first thing I thought about, was sending the server a digital signature containing a client certificate, to be stored in the server, and used as comparison for authentication. But I investigated a little about webservice security, and I'm no longer certain that this is the best option. Can anyone give me an opinion about this? TIA

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  • How to insert many rows of data from arrays/lists to SQL Server (DataSet, DataTable)

    - by Kamil
    I need little help with transferring data from variables, arrays, lists to my SQL Server. Im not bad in SQL, but im not familiar with DataSet, DataTable objects. My data is now stored in list of strings (List). Every string in that list looks similar to this: QWERTY,19920604,0.91,0.35,0.34,0.35,343840 There are about 900000 rows like this. Target datatypes in SQL Server: BIGINT (primary key, im not inserting it, its identity(1,1)) VARCHAR(10), DATE, DECIMAL(10,2), DECIMAL(10,2), DECIMAL(10,2), DECIMAL(10,2), INT How to convert that data to SQL Server data types? How to insert that data into SQL Server? Also i need some progress bar updates between inserts. I could do this using old-fashion SQL command, but i have learn more modern way :)

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  • mysql_real_escape_string and search data in mySql DB

    - by ryrysz
    I have problem with php function : mysql_real_escape_string My test string: @,&!#$%^*()_+' "\/ I add this data to mySql database, like that (in short): $str = mysql_real_escape_string($str); $sql = "INSERT INTO table(company) VALUES('".$str. "')"; In DB is stored as: @,&!#$%^*()_+\' \"\\/ But problem is with find this data by SELECT statement. I want find, company where name is like ' " My SELECT's: SELECT company FROM table WHERE company LIKE '%\' "%'; SELECT company FROM table WHERE company LIKE '%\\' \\"%'; ; not working. This works: SELECT `company` FROM `table` WHERE `company` LIKE '%\\\' \\\\"%'; and SELECT `company` FROM `table` WHERE `company` LIKE '%\\\\\\\' \\\\\\\"%' But I dont know why this work :(. My questions are: why must add so many slashes ? how I can make correct query in PHP: $query = '\' "'; '%'.mysql_real_escape_string($query).'%' result is : '%\' \"%' '%'.mysql_real_escape_string(mysql_real_escape_string($query)).'%' result is : '%\\\' \\\"%' '%'.mysql_real_escape_string(mysql_real_escape_string(mysql_real_escape_string($query))).'%' result is : '%\\\\\\\' \\\\\\\"%' Only last one works good.

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  • Storing expression template functors

    - by UncaughtException
    Hello guys, at the moment I'm really interested in expression templates and want to code a library for writing and differentiating mathematical functions with a lambda-style syntax. At the moment, I'm able to write (_x * _x)(2); and get the correct result 4. But I would really like to do something like MathFunction f = _x * _x; f(2);, but I don't have any ideas on how to cope with the recursive expression templates on the right side. Is it possible to achieve this without using the 'auto'-Keyword instead of MathFunction or having to make the operator() virtual? Thanks for your help!

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  • OpenId with Desktop Application ?

    - by user284523
    We're using an API from a provider; in their next version, they would provide an OpenId server but mostly the users are using their desktop application. An other website we're building would be opened from this application and we supposedly would connect with openid to access the resources stored in this provider. Still I don't understand how this would work if user is already authenticated with the desktop, will they have to authenticate an other time ? What happens if they close their browser and reopen it, will they have to to do it again ?

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  • OpenGL index buffer object with additional data

    - by muksie
    I have a large set of lines, which I render from a vertex buffer object using glMultiDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, ...); This works perfectly well. Now I have lots of vertex pairs which I also have to visualize. Every pair consists of two vertices on two different lines, and the distance between the vertices is small. However, I like to have the ability to draw a line between all vertex pairs with a distance less than a certain value. What I like to have is something like a buffer object with the following structure: i1, j1, r1, i2, j2, r2, i3, j3, r3, ... where the i's and j's are indices pointing to vertices and the r's are the distances between those vertices. Thus every vertex pair is stored as a (i, j, r) tuple. Then I like to have a (vertex) shader which only draws the vertex pairs with r < SOME_VALUE as a line. So my question is, what is the best way to achieve this?

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  • jQuery version of YAHOO.lang (isUndefined, isNull, isString etc.)

    - by Chris S
    Does anyone know of a jQuery plugin that has 'helpers' or extensions like those found in the YAHOO.lang namespace? I have in mind functions such as: isNull isDefined isString isFunction I would also appreciate the same kind of thing for strings and arrays, such as Contains, StartsWith (I know these are easy to write, I'm just looking for a plugin that encompasses them all). It's not in the YAHOO.lang namespace but also form related extensions- determining a radiobox's value (from the one checked), a form element's type in a friendly name. Specifically a plugin with fluent API rather than selector based such as $("input[@type=radio][@checked]") Again I'm aware they're easy to implement but I don't want to reinvent the wheel.

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  • delete & new in c++

    - by singh
    Hi This may be very simple question,But please help me. i wanted to know what exactly happens when i call new & delete , For example in below code char * ptr=new char [10]; delete [] ptr; call to new returns me memory address. Does it allocate exact 10 bytes on heap, Where information about size is stored.When i call delete on same pointer,i see in debugger that there are a lot of byte get changed before and after the 10 Bytes. Is there any header for each new which contain information about number of byte allocated by new. Thanks a lot

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  • IPhone CoreData: How should I relate many child entities to thier parents

    - by Robert
    I am trying to import data from a database that uses primary key / forign key relations to a core data database in Xcode. I have code that creates hundreds of child entities in a managed object context: Each child has an ID that corresponds to a parent. child1 parentID = 3 child2 parentID = 17 child3 parentID = 17 ... childn parentID = 5 I now need to relate each child to its parent. The parents are all stored in persistent memory. My first thought was to preform a fetch for each child to get its parent. However, I think this would be slow. Am I correct? How should I do this instead?

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  • What are some ways to identify a logged in user on the web?

    - by farinspace
    Here is the scenario: There are 5 websites (different domain names) that need to share a session. I am using a bit of code on each site which returns a "blank.gif" image and at the same time sets the session (syncing it up to the current session). Each of the sites calls a session-img from each of the other sites. Also, all sites have access to the same database (where the session is stored). This works great on FF and Chrome, but not on IE (or Safari PC)... I need to come up with an alternative method to keep a session active? The app is a small custom CMS, so really only 2-3 people will be using it. I can probably identify user logins by IP and then continue to check for the IP accross all sites... Is there something more granular such as a computer uuid that i can check for?

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  • C++ HW - defining classes - objects that have objects of other class problem in header file (out of

    - by kitfuntastik
    This is my first time with much of this code. With this instancepool.h file below I get errors saying I can't use vector (line 14) or have instance& as a return type (line 20). It seems it can't use the instance objects despite the fact that I have included them. #ifndef _INSTANCEPOOL_H #define _INSTANCEPOOL_H #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class InstancePool { private: unsigned instances;//total number of instance objects vector<instance> ipp;//the collection of instance objects, held in a vector public: InstancePool();//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects InstancePool(const InstancePool& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to original should not affect the copy that was created. ~InstancePool();//Destructor unsigned getNumberOfInstances() const;//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. const instance& operator[](unsigned index) const; InstancePool& operator=(const InstancePool& right);//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the >> operator. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip);//Overloading of the << operator. }; #endif Here is the instance.h : #ifndef _INSTANCE_H #define _INSTANCE_H ///////////////////////////////#include "instancepool.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; class Instance { private: string filenamee; bool categoryy; unsigned featuress; unsigned* featureIDD; unsigned* frequencyy; string* featuree; public: Instance (unsigned features = 0);//default constructor unsigned getNumberOfFeatures() const; //Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. Instance(const Instance& original);//Copy constructor. After copying, changes to the original should not affect the copy that was created. ~Instance() { delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree;}//Destructor. void setCategory(bool category){categoryy = category;}//Sets the category of the message. Spam messages are represented with true and and legit messages with false.//easy bool getCategory() const;//Returns the category of the message. void setFileName(const string& filename){filenamee = filename;}//Stores the name of the file (i.e. “spam/spamsga1.txt”, like in 1st assignment) in which the message was initially stored.//const string& trick? string getFileName() const;//Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. void setFeature(unsigned i, const string& feature, unsigned featureID,unsigned frequency) {//i for array positions featuree[i] = feature; featureIDD[i] = featureID; frequencyy[i] = frequency; } string getFeature(unsigned i) const;//Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string unsigned getFeatureID(unsigned i) const;//Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. unsigned getFrequency(unsigned i) const;//Returns the frequency Instance& operator=(const Instance& right);//Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst);//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst);//Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. }; #endif Also, if it is helpful here is instance.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; Instance::Instance(unsigned features) { //Constructor that can be used as the default constructor. featuress = features; if (features == 0) return; featuree = new string[featuress]; // Dynamic memory allocation. featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; return; } unsigned Instance::getNumberOfFeatures() const {//Returns the number of the keywords that the calling Instance object can store. return featuress;} Instance::Instance(const Instance& original) {//Copy constructor. filenamee = original.filenamee; categoryy = original.categoryy; featuress = original.featuress; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = original.featuree[i]; } featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = original.featureIDD[i]; } frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = original.frequencyy[i];} } bool Instance::getCategory() const { //Returns the category of the message. return categoryy;} string Instance::getFileName() const { //Returns the name of the file in which the message was initially stored. return filenamee;} string Instance::getFeature(unsigned i) const { //Returns the keyword which is located in the ith position.//const string return featuree[i];} unsigned Instance::getFeatureID(unsigned i) const { //Returns the code of the keyword which is located in the ith position. return featureIDD[i];} unsigned Instance::getFrequency(unsigned i) const { //Returns the frequency return frequencyy[i];} Instance& Instance::operator=(const Instance& right) { //Overloading of the assignment operator for Instance. if(this == &right) return *this; delete []featureIDD; delete []frequencyy; delete []featuree; filenamee = right.filenamee; categoryy = right.categoryy; featuress = right.featuress; featureIDD = new unsigned[featuress]; frequencyy = new unsigned[featuress]; featuree = new string[featuress]; for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featureIDD[i] = right.featureIDD[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { frequencyy[i] = right.frequencyy[i]; } for(unsigned i = 0; i < featuress; i++) { featuree[i] = right.featuree[i]; } return *this; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Instance& inst) {//Overloading of the << operator for Instance. out << endl << "<message file=" << '"' << inst.filenamee << '"' << " category="; if (inst.categoryy == 0) out << '"' << "legit" << '"'; else out << '"' << "spam" << '"'; out << " features=" << '"' << inst.featuress << '"' << ">" <<endl; for (int i = 0; i < inst.featuress; i++) { out << "<feature id=" << '"' << inst.featureIDD[i] << '"' << " freq=" << '"' << inst.frequencyy[i] << '"' << "> " << inst.featuree[i] << " </feature>"<< endl; } out << "</message>" << endl; return out; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, Instance& inst) { //Overloading of the >> operator for Instance. string word; string numbers = ""; string filenamee2 = ""; bool categoryy2 = 0; unsigned featuress2; string featuree2; unsigned featureIDD2; unsigned frequencyy2; unsigned i; unsigned y; while(in >> word) { if (word == "<message") {//if at beginning of message in >> word;//grab filename word for (y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//pull out filename from between quotes filenamee2 += word[y];} in >> word;//grab category word if (word[10] == 's') categoryy2 = 1; in >> word;//grab features word for (y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++) { numbers += word[y];} featuress2 = atoi(numbers.c_str());//convert string of numbers to integer Instance tempp2(featuress2);//make a temporary Instance object to hold values read in tempp2.setFileName(filenamee2);//set temp object to filename read in tempp2.setCategory(categoryy2); for (i=0; i<featuress2; i++) {//loop reading in feature reports for message in >> word >> word >> word;//skip two words numbers = "";//reset numbers string for (int y=4; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab feature ID numbers += word[y];} featureIDD2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;// numbers = ""; for (int y=6; word[y]!='"'; y++) {//grab frequency numbers += word[y];} frequencyy2 = atoi(numbers.c_str()); in >> word;//grab actual feature string featuree2 = word; tempp2.setFeature(i, featuree2, featureIDD2, frequencyy2); }//all done reading in and setting features in >> word;//read in last part of message : </message> inst = tempp2;//set inst (reference) to tempp2 (tempp2 will be destroyed at end of function call) return in; } } } and instancepool.cpp: // Here we implement the functions of the class apart from the inline ones #include "instancepool.h" #include "instance.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; InstancePool::InstancePool()//Default constructor. Creates an InstancePool object that contains no Instance objects { instances = 0; ipp.clear(); } InstancePool::~InstancePool() { ipp.clear();} InstancePool::InstancePool(const InstancePool& original) {//Copy constructor. instances = original.instances; for (int i = 0; i<instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(original.ipp[i]); } } unsigned InstancePool::getNumberOfInstances() const {//Returns the number of Instance objects the the InstancePool contains. return instances;} const Instance& InstancePool::operator[](unsigned index) const {//Overloading of the [] operator for InstancePool. return ipp[index];} InstancePool& InstancePool::operator=(const InstancePool& right) {//Overloading the assignment operator for InstancePool. if(this == &right) return *this; ipp.clear(); instances = right.instances; for(unsigned i = 0; i < instances; i++) { ipp.push_back(right.ipp[i]); } return *this; } istream& operator>>(istream& in, InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the >> operator. ip.ipp.clear(); string word; string numbers; int total;//int to hold total number of messages in collection while(in >> word) { if (word == "<messagecollection"){ in >> word;//reads in total number of all messages for (int y=10; word[y]!='"'; y++){ numbers = ""; numbers += word[y]; } total = atoi(numbers.c_str()); for (int x = 0; x<total; x++) {//do loop for each message in collection in >> ip.ipp[x];//use instance friend function and [] operator to fill in values and create Instance objects and read them intot he vector } } } } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const InstancePool& ip) {//Overloading of the << operator. out << "<messagecollection messages=" << '"' << '>' << ip.instances << '"'<< endl << endl; for (int z=0; z<ip.instances; z++) { out << ip[z];} out << endl<<"</messagecollection>\n"; } This code is currently not writing to files correctly either at least, I'm sure it has many problems. I hope my posting of so much is not too much, and any help would be very much appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Advice Needed on Development of ConnectionWizard Custom Control

    - by SidC
    I have the need for an ASP.NET custom server control that will check the web.config file for a connectionstring name, prompt the user to create said connectionstring if not present, and execute create table stored procedures using the connection. This control will be embedded into a webpart for use in a WSS3.0 solution. Can anyone suggest some good tutorials on creating this type of control - specifically addressing use of connectionstrings? What methods/classes do I need to setup? Should I use the p&p data application block for this project? Thanks, Sid

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  • What is the status of jQuery's multi-argument content syntax: deprecated, supported, documented?

    - by Evan Carroll
    I've never seen this in any jQuery docs I've read; nor, have I ever seen it in the wild. I just observed multi-content syntax working here with jQuery 1.4.2. Is this supported syntax? Is it deprecated? $(".section.warranty .warranty_checks :last").after( $('<div class="little check" />').click( function () { alert('hi') } ) , $('<span>OEM</span>') /*Notice this (a second) argument */ ); I've never seen any indication in the jQuery grammar that any of the functions accept more than one argument (content) in such a fashion.

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  • how to call a javascript function in the top frame?

    - by Rory
    This seems really simple, but how do I call a javascript function that's defined in the top-level html, from a child frame? top html doc - 1st level frame - 2nd level frame my top html doc has a function called testFn(). In the 2nd level frame I have a button with onclick="top.testFn();" but this doesn't call the testFn(). In Firebug if I use a watch to execute top.testFn(); it says TypeError: testFn() is not a function. Should this all just work - in which case it's a problem with my documents, or is there some other way to call functions in the top-level window?

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  • Would you store binary data in database or in file system?

    - by paul
    This is a question which has been asked before (large-text-and-images-in-sql) but mainly for data which will be changed. In my case the data will be stored and never changed. Just seems sensible to keep everything together. Are there any reasons why I should not store static binary data in a database? Assuming it is a sensible thing to do, are there any advantages to storing such data in separate tables? (You might begin to realise now that I'm not a DB expert...) Clarify: There will probably be no more than 10-20 users but these will be in the US and in the UK. The binary data will have to be transfered in any case.

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  • Django admin proper urls inside listview

    - by hinnye
    Hi, My current target is to give users the chance to download CSV files from the admin site of my application. I successfully managed to create an additional column in the model's list view this way: def doc_link(self): return '<a href="files/%s">%s</a>' % (self.output, self.output) doc_link.allow_tags = True This shows the file name and creates the link, but sadly - because it's inside my 'searches' view - it has an URL: my_site/my_app/searches/files/13.csv. This is my problem, I would like to have my files stored in the admin media directory, like this: http://my_site/media/files/13.csv Does somebody know how to give url which points "outer" from the model's directory? Maybe somehow tell Django to use the ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX in the link? I'd really appreciate any help, thanks!

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  • Python Etiquette: Importing Modules

    - by F3AR3DLEGEND
    Say I have two Python modules: module1.py: import module2 def myFunct(): print "called from module1" module2.py: def myFunct(): print "called from module2" def someFunct(): print "also called from module2" If I import module1, is it better etiquette to re-import module2, or just refer to it as module1.module2? For example (someotherfile.py): import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module1.module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" I can also do this: module2 = module1.module2. Now, I can directly call module2.myFunct(). However, I can change module1.py to: from module2 import * def myFunct(): print "called from module1" Now, in someotherfile.py, I can do this: import module1 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1"; overrides module2 module1.someFunct() # prints "also called from module2" Also, by importing *, help('module1') shows all of the functions from module2. On the other hand, (assuming module1.py uses import module2), I can do: someotherfile.py: import module1, module2 module1.myFunct() # prints "called from module1" module2.myFunct() # prints "called from module2" Again, which is better etiquette and practice? To import module2 again, or to just refer to module1's importation?

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