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  • Workaround the flip queue (AKA pre-rendered frames) in OpenGL?

    - by user41500
    It appears that some drivers implement a "flip queue" such that, even with vsync enabled, the first few calls to swap buffers return immediately (queuing those frames for later use). It is only after this queue is filled that buffer swaps will block to synchronize with vblank. This behavior is detrimental to my application. It creates latency. Does anyone know of a way to disable it or a workaround for dealing with it? The OpenGL Wiki on Swap Interval suggests a call to glFinish after the swap but I've had no such luck with that trick.

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  • how to retain the animated position in opengl es 2.0

    - by Arun AC
    I am doing frame based animation for 300 frames in opengl es 2.0 I want a rectangle to translate by +200 pixels in X axis and also scaled up by double (2 units) in the first 100 frames Then, the animated rectangle has to stay there for the next 100 frames. Then, I want the same animated rectangle to translate by +200 pixels in X axis and also scaled down by half (0.5 units) in the last 100 frames. I am using simple linear interpolation to calculate the delta-animation value for each frame. Pseudo code: The below drawFrame() is executed for 300 times (300 frames) in a loop. float RectMVMatrix[4][4] = {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // identity matrix int totalframes = 300; float translate-delta; // interpolated translation value for each frame float scale-delta; // interpolated scale value for each frame // The usual code for draw is: void drawFrame(int iCurrentFrame) { // mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix); // comment this line to retain the animated position. mytranslate(RectMVMatrix, translate-delta, X_AXIS); // to translate the mv matrix in x axis by translate-delta value myscale(RectMVMatrix, scale-delta); // to scale the mv matrix by scale-delta value ... // opengl calls glDrawArrays(...); eglswapbuffers(...); } The above code will work fine for first 100 frames. in order to retain the animated rectangle during the frames 101 to 200, i removed the "mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix);" in the above drawFrame(). Now on entering the drawFrame() for the 2nd frame, the RectMVMatrix will have the animated value of first frame e.g. RectMVMatrix[4][4] = { 1.01, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 };// 2 pixels translation and 1.01 units scaling after first frame This RectMVMatrix is used for mytranslate() in 2nd frame. The translate function will affect the value of "RectMVMatrix[0][0]". Thus translation affects the scaling values also. Eventually output is getting wrong. How to retain the animated position without affecting the current ModelView matrix? =========================================== I got the solution... Thanks to Sergio. I created separate matrices for translation and scaling. e.g.CurrentTranslateMatrix[4][4], CurrentScaleMatrix[4][4]. Then for every frame, I reset 'CurrentTranslateMatrix' to identity and call mytranslate( CurrentTranslateMatrix, translate-delta, X_AXIS) function. I reset 'CurrentScaleMatrix' to identity and call myscale(CurrentScaleMatrix, scale-delta) function. Then, I multiplied these 'CurrentTranslateMatrix' and 'CurrentScaleMatrix' to get the final 'RectMVMatrix' Matrix for the frame. Pseudo Code: float RectMVMatrix[4][4] = {0}; float CurrentTranslateMatrix[4][4] = {0}; float CurrentScaleMatrix[4][4] = {0}; int iTotalFrames = 300; int iAnimationFrames = 100; int iTranslate_X = 200.0f; // in pixels float fScale_X = 2.0f; float scaleDelta; float translateDelta_X; void DrawRect(int iTotalFrames) { mySetIdentity(RectMVMatrix); for (int i = 0; i< iTotalFrames; i++) { DrawFrame(int iCurrentFrame); } } void getInterpolatedValue(int iStartFrame, int iEndFrame, int iTotalFrame, int iCurrentFrame, float *scaleDelta, float *translateDelta_X) { float fDelta = float ( (iCurrentFrame - iStartFrame) / (iEndFrame - iStartFrame)) float fStartX = 0.0f; float fEndX = ConvertPixelsToOpenGLUnit(iTranslate_X); *translateDelta_X = fStartX + fDelta * (fEndX - fStartX); float fStartScaleX = 1.0f; float fEndScaleX = fScale_X; *scaleDelta = fStartScaleX + fDelta * (fEndScaleX - fStartScaleX); } void DrawFrame(int iCurrentFrame) { getInterpolatedValue(0, iAnimationFrames, iTotalFrames, iCurrentFrame, &scaleDelta, &translateDelta_X) mySetIdentity(CurrentTranslateMatrix); myTranslate(RectMVMatrix, translateDelta_X, X_AXIS); // to translate the mv matrix in x axis by translate-delta value mySetIdentity(CurrentScaleMatrix); myScale(RectMVMatrix, scaleDelta); // to scale the mv matrix by scale-delta value myMultiplyMatrix(RectMVMatrix, CurrentTranslateMatrix, CurrentScaleMatrix);// RectMVMatrix = CurrentTranslateMatrix*CurrentScaleMatrix; ... // opengl calls glDrawArrays(...); eglswapbuffers(...); } I maintained this 'RectMVMatrix' value, if there is no animation for the current frame (e.g. 101th frame onwards). Thanks, Arun AC

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  • C# and Unity - Learning to Develop a game by developing the game I want to develop

    - by 97s
    So I am pretty new to C#, I have some python and javascript experience, but nothing substantial. I have read a lot about C# and Unity and I know they are the tools I want to use. My question is: Should I be reading books about C# or should I just start hacking in unity and piecing the game together part by part? Right now I am going through the book, HeadFirst C#, and it is very good, but I taught myself web design and javascript by just creating and hacking until I got the results I wanted then looked at other code to see ways they did it and improved my code. The issue is that with the browser I got immediate results and it was all under one roof, where developing games is a completely different monster. I am just wondering if my time would be better spent buying a book that uses C# to teach you unity, and doing that instead, or if the time spent in HeadFirst book is going to be valuable. Thanks a ton, I am having difficulties using my time, and I just want to maximize it as I don't have a lot of free time. Edit: Hopefully this isn't to broad? If it is, I will delete and go elsewhere just let me know. Thanks.

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  • Particle and Physics problem.

    - by Quincy
    This was originally a forum post so I hope you guys don't mind it being 2 questions in one. I am making a game and I got some basic physics implemented. I have 2 problems, 1 with particles being drawn in the wrong place and one with going through walls while jumping in corners. Skip over to about 15 sec video showing the 2 problems : http://youtube.com/watch?v=Tm9nfWsWfiM So the problem with the particles seems to be coming from the removal, as soon as I remove that piece of code it instantly works, but there shouldn't be a problem since they shouldn't even draw when their energy gets to 0 (and then they get removed) So my first question is, how are these particles getting warped all over the screen ? Relevant code : Particle class : class Particle { //Physics public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0,0); public float direction = 180; public float speed = 100; public float energy = 1; protected float startEnergy = 1; //Visual public Sprite sprite; public float rotation = 0; public float scale = 1; public byte alpha = 255; public BlendMode blendMode { get { return sprite.BlendMode; } set { sprite.BlendMode = value; } } public Particle() { } public virtual void Think(float frameTime) { if (energy - frameTime < 0) energy = 0; else energy -= frameTime; position += new Vector2((float)Math.Cos(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction)), (float)Math.Sin(MathHelper.DegToRad(direction))) * speed * frameTime; alpha = (byte)(255 * energy / startEnergy); sprite.Rotation = rotation; sprite.Position = position; sprite.Color = new Color(sprite.Color.R, sprite.Color.G, sprite.Color.B, alpha); } public virtual void Draw(float frameTime) { if (energy > 0) { World.camera.DrawSprite(sprite); } } // Basic particle implementation class BasicSprite : Particle { public BasicSprite(Sprite _sprite) { sprite = _sprite; } } Emitter : class Emitter { protected static Random rand = new Random(); protected List<Particle> particles = new List<Particle>(); public BaseEntity target = null; public Vector2 position = new Vector2(0, 0); public bool Active = true; public float timeAlive = 0; public int particleCount = 0; public int ParticlesPerSeccond { get { return (int)(1 / particleSpawnTime); } set { particleSpawnTime = 1 / (float)value; } } public float dieTime = float.MaxValue; float particleSpawnTime = 0.05f; float spawnTime = 0; public Emitter() { } public virtual void Think(float frametime) { spawnTime += frametime; if (dieTime != float.MaxValue) { timeAlive += frametime; if (timeAlive >= dieTime) Active = false; } if (Active) { if (target != null) position = target.Position; while (spawnTime > particleSpawnTime) { spawnTime -= particleSpawnTime; AddParticle(); particleCount++; } } for (int i = 0; i < particles.Count; i++) { particles[i].Think(frametime); if (particles[i].energy <= 0) { particles.Remove(particles[i]); // As soon as this is removed, it works particleCount--; } } } public virtual void AddParticle() { } public virtual void Draw(float frametime) { foreach (Particle particle in particles) { particle.Draw(frametime); } } } class BloodEmitter : Emitter { Image image; public BloodEmitter() { image = new Image(@"Content/Particles/TinyCircle.png"); image.CreateMaskFromColor(new Color(255, 0, 255, 255)); this.dieTime = 0.5f; this.ParticlesPerSeccond = 100; } public override void AddParticle() { Sprite sprite = new Sprite(image); sprite.Color = new Color((byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255), (byte)(rand.NextDouble() * 255)); BasicSprite particle = new BasicSprite(sprite); particle.direction = (float)rand.NextDouble() * 360; particle.position = position; particle.blendMode = BlendMode.Alpha; particles.Add(particle); } } The seccond problem is the physics problem, for some reason I can get through the right bottom corner while jumping. I think this is coming from me switching animations but I thought I made it compensate for that. Relevant code : PhysicsEntity : class PhysicsEntity : BaseEntity { // Horizontal movement constants protected const float maxHorizontalSpeed = 1000; protected const float horizontalAcceleration = 15; protected const float horizontalDragAir = 0.95f; protected const float horizontalDragGround = 0.95f; // Vertical movement constants protected const float maxVerticalSpeed = 1000; protected const float verticalAcceleration = 20; // Everything needed for movement and correct animations protected float movement = 0; protected bool onGround = false; protected Vector2 Velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); protected float maxSpeed = 0; float lastThink = 0; float thinkTime = 1f/60f; public PhysicsEntity(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { base.Draw(frameTime); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { CalculateMovement(frameTime); base.Think(frameTime); } protected void CalculateMovement(float frameTime) { lastThink += frameTime; while (lastThink > thinkTime) { onGround = false; Velocity.X = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.X + horizontalAcceleration * movement, -maxHorizontalSpeed, maxHorizontalSpeed); if (onGround) Velocity.X *= horizontalDragGround; else Velocity.X *= horizontalDragAir; if (maxSpeed < Velocity.X) maxSpeed = Velocity.X; Velocity.Y = MathHelper.Clamp(Velocity.Y + verticalAcceleration, -maxVerticalSpeed, maxVerticalSpeed); lastThink -= thinkTime; DoCollisions(thinkTime); DoAnimations(thinkTime); } } public virtual void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { } public void DoCollisions(float frameTime) { Position.Y += Velocity.Y * frameTime; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } Position.X += Velocity.X * frameTime; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } public void DoCollisions(Vector2 difference) { CollisionRectangle.Y = Position.Y - difference.Y; CollisionRectangle.Height += difference.Y; Vector2 tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.Y += collisionDepth.Y; if (collisionDepth.Y < 0) onGround = true; Velocity.Y = 0; } CollisionRectangle.X = Position.X - difference.X; CollisionRectangle.Width += difference.X; tileCollision = GetTileCollision(); if (tileCollision.X != -1 || tileCollision.Y != -1) { Vector2 collisionDepth = CollisionRectangle.DepthIntersection( new Rectangle( tileCollision.X * World.tileEngine.TileWidth, tileCollision.Y * World.tileEngine.TileHeight, World.tileEngine.TileWidth, World.tileEngine.TileHeight ) ); Position.X += collisionDepth.X; Velocity.X = 0; } } Vector2 GetTileCollision() { int topLeftTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int topLeftTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.TopLeft.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); int BottomRightTileX = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X / World.tileEngine.TileWidth); int BottomRightTileY = (int)(CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y / World.tileEngine.TileHeight); if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.Y % World.tileEngine.TileHeight == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileY -= 1; if (CollisionRectangle.DownRight.X % World.tileEngine.TileWidth == 0) // If your exactly against the tile don't count that as being inside the tile BottomRightTileX -= 1; for (int i = topLeftTileX; i <= BottomRightTileX; i++) { for (int j = topLeftTileY; j <= BottomRightTileY; j++) { if (World.tileEngine.TileIsSolid(i, j)) { return new Vector2(i, j); } } } return new Vector2(-1, -1); } } Player : enum State { Standing, Running, Jumping, Falling, Sliding, WallSlide } class Player : PhysicsEntity { private State state { get { return currentState; } set { if (currentState != value) { currentState = value; animationChanged = true; } } } private State currentState = State.Standing; private BasicEmitter basicEmitter = new BasicEmitter(); public bool flipped; public bool animationChanged = false; protected const float jumpPower = 600; AnimationManager animationManager; Rectangle DrawRectangle; public override Rectangle CollisionRectangle { get { return new Rectangle( Position.X - DrawRectangle.Width / 2f, Position.Y - DrawRectangle.Height / 2f, DrawRectangle.Width, DrawRectangle.Height ); } } public Player(Vector2 position, Sprite sprite) : base(position, sprite) { // Only posted the relevant bit DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; } public override void Draw(float frameTime) { World.camera.DrawSprite( Sprite, Position + new Vector2(DrawRectangle.X, DrawRectangle.Y), animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle ); } public override void Think(float frameTime) { //I only posted the relevant stuff if (animationChanged) { // if the animation has changed make sure we compensate for the change in with and height animationChanged = false; DoCollisions(animationManager.getSizeDifference()); } DoCustomMovement(); base.Think(frameTime); if (!onGround && Velocity.Y > 0) { state = State.Falling; } } void DoCustomMovement() { if (onGround) { if (World.renderWindow.Input.IsKeyDown(KeyCode.W)) { Velocity.Y = -jumpPower; state = State.Jumping; } } } public override void DoAnimations(float frameTime) { string stateName = Enum.GetName(typeof(State), state); if (!animationManager.currentAnimationIs(stateName)) { animationManager.PlayAnimation(stateName); } animationManager.Think(frameTime); DrawRectangle = animationManager.currentAnimation.drawingRectangle; Sprite.Center = new Vector2( DrawRectangle.X + DrawRectangle.Width / 2, DrawRectangle.Y + DrawRectangle.Height / 2 ); Sprite.FlipX(flipped); } So why am I warping through walls ? I have given this some thought but I just can't seem to find out why this is happening. Full source if needed : source : http://www.mediafire.com/?rc7ddo09gnr68zd (download link)

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  • Game engines and monetization of indie games

    - by Extrakun
    Does the game engine you use affect monetization of indie games? Of course, targeting difficult platforms is one of the issues. Besides that, how would the game engine used impact monetization of games, assuming cases where the developers is going through a portal and handling the online distribution themselves? As an example, if I make a game in DarkBASIC, will it be harder to sell it than one made with Popcaps Framework or ClanLib etc.?

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  • I need to move an entity to the mouse location after i rightclick

    - by I.Hristov
    Well I've read the related questions-answers but still cant find a way to move my champion to the mouse position after a right-button mouse-click. I use this code at the top: float speed = (float)1/3; And this is in my void Update: //check if right mouse button is clicked if (mouse.RightButton == ButtonState.Released && previousButtonState == ButtonState.Pressed) { // gets the position of the mouse in mousePosition mousePosition = new Vector2(mouse.X, mouse.Y); //gets the current position of champion (the drawRectangle) currentChampionPosition = new Vector2(drawRectangle.X, drawRectangle.Y); // move champion to mouse position: //handles the case when the mouse position is really close to current position if (Math.Abs(currentChampionPosition.X - mousePosition.X) <= speed && Math.Abs(currentChampionPosition.Y - mousePosition.Y) <= speed) { drawRectangle.X = (int)mousePosition.X; drawRectangle.Y = (int)mousePosition.Y; } else if (currentChampionPosition != mousePosition) { drawRectangle.X += (int)((mousePosition.X - currentChampionPosition.X) * speed); drawRectangle.Y += (int)((mousePosition.Y - currentChampionPosition.Y) * speed); } } previousButtonState = mouse.RightButton; What that code does at the moment is on a click it brings the sprite 1/3 of the distance to the mouse but only once. How do I make it move consistently all the time? It seems I am not updating the sprite at all. EDIT I added the Vector2 as Nick said and with speed changed to 50 it should be OK. I tried it with if ButtonState.Pressed and it works while pressing the button. Thanks. However I wanted it to start moving when single mouse clicked. It should be moving until reaches the mousePosition. The Edit of Nick's post says to create another Vector2, But I already have the one called mousePosition. Not sure how to use another one. //gets a Vector2 direction to move *by Nick Wilson Vector2 direction = mousePosition - currentChampionPosition; //make the direction vector a unit vector direction.Normalize(); //multiply with speed (number of pixels) direction *= speed; // move champion to mouse position if (currentChampionPosition != mousePosition) { drawRectangle.X += (int)(direction.X); drawRectangle.Y += (int)(direction.Y); } } previousButtonState = mouse.RightButton;

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  • Keep 3d model facing the camera at all angles

    - by Sparky41
    I'm trying to keep a 3d plane facing the camera at all angles but while i have some success with this: Vector3 gunToCam = cam.cameraPosition - getWorld.Translation; Vector3 beamRight = Vector3.Cross(torpDirection, gunToCam); beamRight.Normalize(); Vector3 beamUp = Vector3.Cross(beamRight, torpDirection); shipeffect.beamWorld = Matrix.Identity; shipeffect.beamWorld.Forward = (torpDirection) * 1f; shipeffect.beamWorld.Right = beamRight; shipeffect.beamWorld.Up = beamUp; shipeffect.beamWorld.Translation = shipeffect.beamPosition; *Note: Logic not wrote by me i just found this rather useful It seems to only face the camera at certain angles. For example if i place the camera behind the plane you can see it that only Roll's around the axis like this: http://i.imgur.com/FOKLx.png (imagine if you are looking from behind where you have fired from. Any idea what to what the problem is (angles are not my specialty) shipeffect is an object that holds this class variables: public Texture2D altBeam; public Model beam; public Matrix beamWorld; public Matrix[] gunTransforms; public Vector3 beamPosition;

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  • How can I calculate a vertex normal for a hard edge?

    - by K.G.
    Here is a picture of a lovely polygon: Circled is a vertex, and numbered are its adjacent faces. I have calculated the normals of those faces as such (not yet normalized, 0-indexed): Vertex 1 normal 0: 0.000000 0.000000 -0.250000 Vertex 1 normal 1: 0.000000 0.000000 -0.250000 Vertex 1 normal 2: -0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 Vertex 1 normal 3: -0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 Vertex 1 normal 4: 0.250000 0.000000 0.000000 What I'm wondering is, how can I determine, taken as given that I want this vertex to represent a hard edge, whether its normal should be the normal of 1/2 or 3/4? My plan after I glanced at the sketch I used to put this together was "Ha! I'll just use whichever two faces have the same normal!" and now I see that there are two sets of two faces for which this is true. Is there a rule I can apply based on the face winding, angle of the adjacent edges, moon phase, coin flip, to consistently choose a normal direction for this box? For the record, all of the other polygons I plan to use will have their normals dictated in Maya, but after encountering this problem, it made me really curious.

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  • How do I draw anti-aliased holes in a bitmap

    - by gyozo kudor
    I have an artillery game (hobby-learning project) and when the projectile hits it leaves a hole in the ground. I want this hole to have antialiased edges. I'm using System.Drawing for this. I've tried with clipping paths, and drawing with a transparent color using gfx.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy, but it gives me the same result. If I draw a circle with a solid color it works fine, but I need a hole, a circle with 0 alpha values. I have enabled these but they work only with solid colors: gfx.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality; gfx.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic; gfx.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; In the two pictures consider black as being transparent. This is what I have (zoomed in): And what I need is something like this (made with photoshop): This will be just a visual effect, in code for collision detection I still treat everything with alpha 128 as solid. Edit: I'm usink OpenTK for this game. But for this question I think it doesn't really matter probably it is gdi+ related.

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  • Are there existing FOSS component-based frameworks?

    - by Tesserex
    The component based game programming paradigm is becoming much more popular. I was wondering, are there any projects out there that offer a reusable component framework? In any language, I guess I don't care about that. It's not for my own project, I'm just curious. Specifically I mean are there projects that include a base Entity class, a base Component class, and maybe some standard components? It would then be much easier starting a game if you didn't want to reinvent the wheel, or maybe you want a GraphicsComponent that does sprites with Direct3D, but you figure it's already been done a dozen times. A quick Googling turns up Rusher. Has anyone heard of this / does anyone use it? If there are no popular ones, then why not? Is it too difficult to make something like this reusable, and they need heavy customization? In my own implementation I found a lot of boilerplate that could be shoved into a framework.

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  • What's a good entity hierarchy for a 2D game?

    - by futlib
    I'm in the process of building a new 2D game out of some code I wrote a while ago. The object hierarchy for entities is like this: Scene (e.g. MainMenu): Contains multiple entities and delegates update()/draw() to each Entity: Base class for all things in a scene (e.g. MenuItem or Alien) Sprite: Base class for all entities that just draw a texture, i.e. don't have their own drawing logic Does it make sense to split up entities and sprites up like that? I think in a 2D game, the terms entity and sprite are somewhat synonymous, right? But I do believe that I need some base class for entities that just draw a texture, as opposed to drawing themselves, to avoid duplication. Most entities are like that. One weird case is my Text class: It derives from Sprite, which accepts either the path of an image or an already loaded texture in its constructor. Text loads a texture in its constructor and passes that to Sprite. Can you outline a design that makes more sense? Or point me to a good object-oriented reference code base for a 2D game? I could only find 3D engine code bases of decent code quality, e.g. Doom 3 and HPL1Engine.

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  • Simple project - make a 3D box tumble and fall to the ground [closed]

    - by Dominic Bou-Samra
    Possible Duplicate: Resources to learn programming rigid body simulation Hi guys, I want to try learning rigid-body dynamic simulation. I have done a fluid and cloth simulation before, but never anything rigid. My maths knowledge is limited in that I don't know the notation that well. Are there any good cliff-notes, tutorials, guides on how I would accomplish a simple task like this? I don't want a super complex pdf that's only a little relevant. Thanks.

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  • Vertex Array Object (OpenGL)

    - by Shin
    I've just started out with OpenGL I still haven't really understood what Vertex Array Objects are and how they can be employed. If Vertex Buffer Object are used to store vertex data (such as their positions and texture coordinates) and the VAOs only contain status flags, where can they be used? What's their purpose? As far as I understood from the (very incomplete and unclear) GL Wiki, VAOs are used to set the flags/status for every vertex, following the order described in the Element Array Buffer, but the wiki was really ambiguous about it and I'm not really sure about what VAOs really do and how I could employ them.

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  • How does Minecraft renders its sunset and sky?

    - by Nick
    In Minecraft, the sunset looks really beautiful and I've always wanted to know how they do it. Do they use several skyboxes rendered over eachother? That is, one for the sky (which can turn dark and light depending on the time of the day), one for the sun and moon, and one for the orange horizon effect? I was hoping someone could enlighten me... I wish I could enter wireframe or something like that but as far as I know that is not possible.

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  • Android Live Testing

    - by Matthew Dockerty
    I am making a game for android and in it I am using sensors which are not available in the emulator. At the moment I am connecting my device and transferring the apk, then installing to test but that is a pain to do, and I have gotten to the stage where I need to start logging values for debugging. I have gone into the run configs of my app and set it to prompt me to pick a device, but my device is never in the list when it is connected to my PC and I try to run it. How am I supposed to set it up to work properly? Thanks for the help.

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  • Permanent death in a MUD (think command line MMORPG)

    - by Luke Laupheimer
    I have considered writing a MUD for years, and I have a lot of ideas my friends think are really cool (and that's how I'd hope to get anywhere -- word of mouth). Thing is, there's one thing I have always wanted, that my friends and strangers hated: permanent death. Now, the emotional response I get to this is visceral revulsion, every time. I'm pretty sure I am the only person that wants this, or if I'm not, I'm a tiny minority. Now, the reason I want it is because I want the actions of the players to matter. Unlike a lot of other MUDs, which have a set of static city-states and social institutions etc, I want the things my players do, should I get any, to actually change the situation. And that includes killing people. If you kill someone, you didn't send them to time out, you killed them. What happens when you kill people? They go away. They don't come back in half an hour to smack talk you some more. They're gone. Forever. By making death non-permanent, you make death not matter. It would be similar if a climax to a character's arc is getting a speeding ticket. It cheapens it. Non-permanent death cheapens death. How can I: 1) Convince my players (and random people!) that this is actually a good idea?, or 2) Find some other way to make death and violence matter as much as it does in real life (except within the game, of course) sans character deletion? What alternatives are there out there?

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  • Problem with Ogre::Camera lookAt function when target is directly below.

    - by PigBen
    I am trying to make a class which controls a camera. It's pretty basic right now, it looks like this: class HoveringCameraController { public: void init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height); void update(Ogre::Real time_delta); private: Ogre::Camera * camera_; AnimatedBody * target_; Ogre::Real height_; }; HoveringCameraController.cpp void HoveringCameraController::init(Ogre::Camera & camera, AnimatedBody & target, Ogre::Real height) { camera_ = &camera; target_ = &target; height_ = height; update(0.0); } void HoveringCameraController::update(Ogre::Real time_delta) { auto position = target_->getPosition(); position.y += height_; camera_->setPosition(position); camera_->lookAt(target_->getPosition()); } AnimatedBody is just a class that encapsulates an entity, it's animations and a scene node. The getPosition function is simply forwarded to it's scene node. What I want(for now) is for the camera to simply follow the AnimatedBody overhead at the distance given(the height parameter), and look down at it. It follows the object around, but it doesn't look straight down, it's tilted quite a bit in the positive Z direction. Does anybody have any idea why it would do that? If I change this line: position.y += height_; to this: position.x += height_; or this: position.z += height_; it does exactly what I would expect. It follows the object from the side or front, and looks directly at it.

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  • How do you properly organize a commercial game?

    - by Reactorcore
    For the past months I've been studying programming and I've finally learned how to code, but one thing that is confusing me is how to properly organize the design of a game project - code wise. The game I'm building is a pretty standard commercial game. It has the basic components of a normal game: A world, characters and items interacting with each other and all of this is run by game manager. Basically you play as a hero in a world and do stuff. Fight, explore and interact. Think of your standard adventure game that starts off with an intro, goes to the menu system, then gets into the game and back to the menu. Pretty much like 99% of any commercial game or otherwise serious game projects. Thats what I'm aiming at. The problem is: How do you properly code a commercial game architecture? How do you organize it? How do you make it not become unmaintainable spaghetti code? What specific things to keep in mind when building this, codewise? How you can help me: a) Please tell how do you code your own game projects. What is your thought-process when designing the architecture? b) Recommend books, blogs, tutorials, videos or anything else on how to organize a commercial video game. c) Give hints and tips on do's/don'ts when building a game, codewise. Please help!

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  • Simulating smooth movement along a line after calculating a collision containing a restitution of zero in 2D

    - by Casey
    [for tl;dr see after listing] //...Code to determine shapes types involved in collision here... //...Rectangle-Line collision detected. if(_rbTest->GetCollisionShape()->Intersects(*_ground->GetCollisionShape())) { //Convert incoming shape to a line. a2de::Line l(*dynamic_cast<a2de::Line*>(_ground->GetCollisionShape())); //Get line's normal. a2de::Vector2D normal_vector(l.GetSlope().GetY(), -l.GetSlope().GetX()); a2de::Vector2D::Normalize(normal_vector); //Accumulate forces involved. a2de::Vector2D intermediate_forces; a2de::Vector2D normal_force = normal_vector * _rbTest->GetMass() * _world->GetGravityHandler()->GetGravityValue(); intermediate_forces += normal_force; //Calculate final velocity: See [1] double Ma = _rbTest->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ua = _rbTest->GetVelocity(); double Mb = _ground->GetMass(); a2de::Vector2D Ub = _ground->GetVelocity(); double mCr = Mb * _ground->GetRestitution(); a2de::Vector2D collision_velocity( ((Ma * Ua) + (Mb * Ub) + ((mCr * Ub) - (mCr * Ua))) / (Ma + Mb)); //Calculate reflection vector: See [2] a2de::Vector2D reflect_velocity( -collision_velocity + 2 * (a2de::Vector2D::DotProduct(collision_velocity, normal_vector)) * normal_vector ); //Affect velocity to account for restitution of colliding bodies. reflect_velocity *= (_ground->GetRestitution() * _rbTest->GetRestitution()); _rbTest->SetVelocity(reflect_velocity); //THE ULTIMATE ISSUE STEMS FROM THE FOLLOWING LINE: //Move object away from collision one pixel to prevent constant collision. _rbTest->SetPosition(_rbTest->GetPosition() + normal_vector); _rbTest->ApplyImpulse(intermediate_forces); } Sources: (1) Wikipedia: Coefficient of Restitution: Speeds after impact (2) Wikipedia: Specular Reflection: Direction of reflection First, I have a system in place to account for friction (that is, a coefficient of friction) but is not used right now (in addition, it is zero, which should not affect the math anyway). I'll deal with that after I get this working. Anyway, when the restitution of either object involved in the collision is zero the object stops as required, but if movement along the same direction (again, irrespective of the friction value that isn't used) as the line is attempted the object moves as if slogging through knee deep snow. If I remove the line of code in question and the object is not push away one pixel the object barely moves at all. All because the object collides, is stopped, is pushed up, collides, is stopped...etc. OR collides, is stopped, collides, is stopped, etc... TL;DR How do I only account for a collision ONCE for restitution purposes (BONUS: but CONTINUALLY for frictional purposes, to be implemented later)

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  • Embed Unity3D and load multiple games from a single app

    - by Rafael Steil
    Is is possible to export an entire unity3d project/game as an AssetBundle and load it on iOS/Android/Windows on an app that doesn't know anything about such game beforehand? What I have in mind is something like the web plugin does - it loads a series of .unity3d files over http, and render inline in the browser window. Is it even possible to do something closer for iOS/Android? I have read a lot of docs so far, but still can't be sure: http://floored.com/blog/2013/integrating-unity3d-within-ios-native-application.html http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/LoadingResourcesatRuntime.html http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/AssetBundlesIntro.html The code from the post at http://forum.unity3d.com/threads/112703-Override-Unity-Data-folder-path?p=749108&viewfull=1#post749108 works for Android, but how about iOS and other platforms?

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  • How to proceed on the waypoint path?

    - by Alpha Carinae
    I'm using Dijkstra algorithm to find shortest path and I'm drawing this path on the screen. As the character object moves on, path updates itself(shortens as the object approaches the target and gets longer as the object moves away from it.) I tried to visualize my problem. This is the beginning state. 'A' node is the target, path is the blue and the object is the green one. I draw this path, from object to the closest node. In this case my problem occurs. Because 'D' node is more closer to the object than 'C' node, something like this happens: So, how can i decide that the object passed the 'D' node? Path should be look like this: One thing comes to my mind is that I use some distance variables between the two closest nodes in the route path. (In this example these are 'C' and 'D' nodes.) As the object approaches 'C' and moves away from the 'D' node at the same time, this means character passed the 'D'. However, I think there are some standardized and easy ways to solve this. What approach should I take?

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  • Android Swipe In Unity 3D World with AR

    - by Christian
    I am working on an AR application using Unity3D and the Vuforia SDK for Android. The way the application works is a when the designated image(a frame marker in our case) is recognized by the camera, a 3D island is rendered at that spot. Currently I am able to detect when/which objects are touched on the model by raycasting. I also am able to successfully detect a swipe using this code: if (Input.touchCount > 0) { Touch touch = Input.touches[0]; switch (touch.phase) { case TouchPhase.Began: couldBeSwipe = true; startPos = touch.position; startTime = Time.time; break; case TouchPhase.Moved: if (Mathf.Abs(touch.position.y - startPos.y) > comfortZoneY) { couldBeSwipe = false; } //track points here for raycast if it is swipe break; case TouchPhase.Stationary: couldBeSwipe = false; break; case TouchPhase.Ended: float swipeTime = Time.time - startTime; float swipeDist = (touch.position - startPos).magnitude; if (couldBeSwipe && (swipeTime < maxSwipeTime) && (swipeDist > minSwipeDist)) { // It's a swiiiiiiiiiiiipe! float swipeDirection = Mathf.Sign(touch.position.y - startPos.y); // Do something here in reaction to the swipe. swipeCounter.IncrementCounter(); } break; } touchInfo.SetTouchInfo (Time.time-startTime,(touch.position-startPos).magnitude,Mathf.Abs (touch.position.y-startPos.y)); } Thanks to andeeeee for the logic. But I want to have some interaction in the 3D world based on the swipe on the screen. I.E. If the user swipes over unoccluded enemies, they die. My first thought was to track all the points in the moved TouchPhase, and then if it is a swipe raycast into all those points and kill any enemy that is hit. Is there a better way to do this? What is the best approach? Thanks for the help!

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  • Initializing OpenFeint for Android outside the main Application

    - by Ef Es
    I am trying to create a generic C++ bridge to use OpenFeint with Cocos2d-x, which is supposed to be just "add and run" but I am finding problems. OpenFeint is very exquisite when initializing, it requires a Context parameter that MUST be the main Application, in the onCreate method, never the constructor. Also, the main Apps name must be edited into the manifest. I am trying to fix this. So far I have tried to create a new Application that calls my Application to test if just the type is needed, but you do really need the main Android application. I also tried using a handler for a static initialization but I found pretty much the same problem. Has anybody been able to do it? This is my working-but-not-as-intended code snippet public class DerpHurr extends Application{ @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); initializeOpenFeint("TestApp", "edthedthedthedth", "aeyaetyet", "65462"); } public void initializeOpenFeint(String appname, String key, String secret, String id){ Map<String, Object> options = new HashMap<String, Object>(); options.put(OpenFeintSettings.SettingCloudStorageCompressionStrategy, OpenFeintSettings.CloudStorageCompressionStrategyDefault); OpenFeintSettings settings = new OpenFeintSettings(appname, key, secret, id, options); //RIGHT HERE OpenFeint.initialize(***this***, settings, new OpenFeintDelegate() { }); System.out.println("OpenFeint Started"); } } Manifest <application android:debuggable="true" android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".DerpHurr">

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  • XNA Moddable Game - Architecture Design and Reflection

    - by David K
    I've decided to embark on an XNA moddable game project of a simple rogue style. For all purposes of this question, I'm going to not be using a scripting engine, but rather allow modders to directly compile assemblies that are loaded by the game at run time. I know about the security problems this may raise. So in order to expose the moddable content, I have gone about creating a generic project in XNA called MyModel. This contains a number of interfaces that all inherit from IPlugin, such as IGameSystem, IRenderingSystem, IHud, IInputSystem etc. Then I've created another project called MyRogueModel. This references MyModel project, and holds interfaces such as IMonster, IPlayer, IDungeonGenerator, IInventorySystem. More rogue specific interfaces, but again, all interfaces in this project inherit from IPlugin. Then finally, I've created another project called MyRogueGame, that references both MyModel and MyRogueModel projects. This project will be the game that you run and play. Here I have put the actual implementation of the Monster, DungeonGenerator, InputSystem and RenderingSystem classes. This project will also scan the mods directory during run time and load any IPlugins it finds using reflection and override anything it finds from the default. For example if it finds a new implementation of the DungeonGenerator it will use that one instead. Now my question is, in order to get this far, I have effectively 2 projects that contain nothing but interfaces... which seems a little... strange ? For people to create mods for the game, I would give them both the MyModel and MyRogueModel assemblies in which they would reference. I'm not sure whether this is the right way to do it, but my reasoning goes as follows : If I write 1 input system, I can use it in any game I write. If I create 3 rogue like games, and a modder writes 1 rendering system, that modder could use the rendering system for all 3 games, because it all comes from the MyModel project. I come from a more web based C# role, so having empty interface projects doesn't seem wrong, its just something I haven't done before. Before I embark on something that might be crazy, I'd just like to know whether this is a foolish idea and whether there's a better (or established) design principle I should be following ?

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  • How can I dynamically load the correct sprite from a sprite sheet?

    - by Leonard Challis
    I am making a simple card game in unity. The game is based on a standard 52-card pack, with identical backs for unique faces. In my particular game different cards are worth different values and have various special abilities. The game will have 52 cards on the table (on the draw position or in the face-down deck or in someone's hand) at all times, so this number won't change. I thought that making a Card prefab and instantiating 52 of these manually would be a bad idea. Even doing it in code, I thought, would be a bit OTT, and that I should just instantiate visual cards when they are face-up to the player. I have a sprite sheet of the 52 cards and the back, which is imported as a Sprite in multiple mode, sliced in to a grid containing all the cards needed to play the game. The problem I now face is that, through my GameController script I want to generate a shuffled pack of cards, deal some to each player and then show those cards to a player. However, I am not sure of the best way, or even if it's possible, to do this dynamically with the sprite sheets as they are. For instance if I have the following: private CardRank rank; private CardSuite suite; private void Start() { this.rank = CardRank.Ace; this.suite = CardSuite.Spades; } This class would be instantiated by the game manager. I would have 52 of these in code. Whenever I have to visually show a card in the scene, I would use a card prefab, which is essentially a game object with a SpriteRenderer on it. I would need to dynamically load the correct sprite for this object from the spritesheet. The sliced sprites from the sprite sheet actually have names in the format AS (Ace of Spades), 7H (Seven of Hearts), etc - though this was a manual thing I did myself of course. I have also tried various alternative solutions, including creating animations, having separate sprites not in a spritesheet and having an array of available sprites in an array with a specific index for each card, but none seem as elegant as trying to load the correct sprite at runtime, as I'm trying to. So, how do I load a specific sprite from a spritesheet at runtime? I'm open to suggestions, even those that make me think differently about how to approach the problem.

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