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  • design in agile process

    - by ying
    Recently I had an interview with dev team in a company. The team uses agile + TDD. The code exercise implements a video rental store which generates statement to calc total rental fee for each type of video (new release, children, etc) for a customer. The existing code use object like: Statement to generate statement and calc fee where big switch statement sits to use enum to determine how to calc rental fee customer holds a list of rentals movie base class and derived class for each type of movie (NEW, CHILDREN, ACTION, etc) The code originally doesn't compile as the owner was assumed to be hit by a bus. So here is what I did: outlined the improvement over object model to have better responsibility for each class. use strategy pattern to replace switch statement and weave them in config But the team says it's waste of time because there is no requirement for it and UAT test suite works and is the only guideline goes into architecture decision. The underlying story is just to get pricing feature out and not saying anything about how to do it. So the discussion is focused on why should time be spent on refactor the switch statement. In my understanding, agile methodology doesn't mean zero design upfront and such code smell should be avoided at the beginning. Also any unit/UAT test suite won't detect such code smell, otherwise sonar, findbugs won't exist. Here I want to ask: is there such a thing called agile design in the agile methodology? Just like agile documentation. how to define agile design upfront? how to know enough is enough? In my understanding, ballpark architecture and data contract among components should be defined before/when starting project, not the details. Am I right? anyone can explain what the team is really looking for in this kind of setup? is it design aspect or agile aspect? how to implement minimum viable product concept in the agile process in the real world project? Is it must that you feel embarrassed to be MVP?

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  • rel="nofollow" SEO impact

    - by Torez
    I saw a technique used where there was a block with three parts: 1. Image (wrapped in an anchor tag) 2. Heading (anchor tag with heading text) 3. Paragraph (regular p tag with synopsis content) e.g. <li class="block"> <a rel="nofollow" class="thumb" href="#"><img src="images/placeholder_service_thumbnail.jpg" alt="" /></a> <a class="h3" href="#"Good SEO Heading</a> <pPellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu...</p> </li> With the image tag there was a rel="nofollow" on the wrapped anchor tag. So the idea is that the users still has the ability to click the image and go to the details page, but the image link does not rank. When users click on the heading text, that is only what ranks for that specific page. Q: Is this the correct approach? Does this even do anything? What is the best practice?

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  • Co-worker uses ridiculous commenting convention, how to cope? [closed]

    - by Jessica Friedman
    A co-worker in the small start-up I work at writes (C++) code like this: // some class class SomeClass { // c'tor SomeClass(); // d'tor ~SomeClass(); // some function void someFunction(int x, int y); }; // some function void SomeClass::someFunction(int x, int y) { // init worker m_worker.init(); // log LOG_DEBUG("Worker initialized"); // find current cache auto it = m_currentCache.find(); // flush if (it->flush() == false) { // return return false } // return return true } This is how he writes 100% of his code: a spacer line, a useless comment which says nothing other than what is plainly stated in the following statement, and the statement itself. This is absolutely driving me insane. A simple class written by him spans 3 times as much as it's supposed to, It looks well commented but the comments contain no new information. In fact the code is completely undocumented in any normal definition of "documentation". All of the comments are just a repetition of what is written in C++ in the following line. I've confronted him several times about it and each time he seems to understand what I am saying but then goes on to not change his coding and not fix old code which is written like this. I've went on and on again and again about the distinct disadvantages of writing code like this but nothing get through to him. Other co-workers doesn't seem to mind it as much and management doesn't seem to really care. What do I do? (sorry for the rant)

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  • MVC Scaffold Template Not Generating?

    - by monkey9987
    Been working on an MVC project and my templates were not generating. I first created my Model inside my "Models" folder, then did a quick compile. Next I went to the Views folder to get it created, right click and say "Add View" then I clicked the checkbox to create an edit page. What happened was the template would never seem to pull in my Model, it would just have the default header items, but the entire model was missing.  My model was defined as follows: public class LogOnModel { [Required][Display(Name = "User name")]public string UserName;[Required][DataType(DataType.Password)][Display(Name = "Password")]public string Password;[Display(Name = "Remember me?")]public bool RememberMe; } See anything wrong with that? I couldn't figure out why each time I created my View and selected the option to create the "Edit" scaffold automatically, it would come up blank. Turns out I'm missing my get / set methods on the Model class items. Here's my code with the correct setup: public class LogOnModel { [Required][Display(Name = "User name")]public string UserName { get; set; } [Required][DataType(DataType.Password)][Display(Name = "Password")]public string Password { get; set; }[Display(Name = "Remember me?")]public bool RememberMe { get; set; } }  I hope that helps someone out, it's pretty simple when I look at it now, but that's always the case!  ~ Steve

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  • How to make the members of my Data Access Layer object aware of their siblings

    - by Graham
    My team currently has a project with a data access object composed like so: public abstract class DataProvider { public CustomerRepository CustomerRepo { get; private set; } public InvoiceRepository InvoiceRepo { get; private set; } public InventoryRepository InventoryRepo { get; private set; } // couple more like the above } We have non-abstract classes that inherit from DataProvider, and the type of "CustomerRepo" that gets instantiated is controlled by that child class. public class FloridaDataProvider { public FloridaDataProvider() { CustomerRepo = new FloridaCustomerRepo(); // derived from base CustomerRepository InvoiceRepo = new InvoiceRespository(); InventoryRepo = new InventoryRepository(); } } Our problem is that some of the methods inside a given repo really would benefit from having access to the other repo's. Like, a method inside InventoryRepository needs to get to Customer data to do some determinations, so I need to pass in a reference to a CustomerRepository object. Whats the best way for these "sibling" repos to be aware of each other and have the ability to call each other's methods as-needed? Virtually all the other repos would benefit from having the CustomerRepo, for example, because it is where names/phones/etc are selected from, and these data elements need to be added to the various objects that are returned out of the other repos. I can't just new-up a plain "CustomerRepository" object inside a method within a different repo, because it might not be the base CustomerRepository that actually needs to run.

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  • Example of DOD design

    - by Jeffrey
    I can't seem to find a nice explanation of the Data Oriented Design for a generic zombie game (it's just an example, pretty common example). Could you make an example of the Data Oriented Design on creating a generic zombie class? Is the following good? Zombie list class: class ZombieList { GLuint vbo; // generic zombie vertex model std::vector<color>; // object default color std::vector<texture>; // objects textures std::vector<vector3D>; // objects positions public: unsigned int create(); // return object id void move(unsigned int objId, vector3D offset); void rotate(unsigned int objId, float angle); void setColor(unsigned int objId, color c); void setPosition(unsigned int objId, color c); void setTexture(unsigned int, unsigned int); ... void update(Player*); // move towards player, attack if near } Example: Player p; Zombielist zl; unsigned int first = zl.create(); zl.setPosition(first, vector3D(50, 50)); zl.setTexture(first, texture("zombie1.png")); ... while (running) { // main loop ... zl.update(&p); zl.draw(); // draw every zombie } Or would creating a generic World container that contains every action from bite(zombieId, playerId) to moveTo(playerId, vector) to createPlayer() to shoot(playerId, vector) to face(radians)/face(vector); and contains: std::vector<zombie> std::vector<player> ... std::vector<mapchunk> ... std::vector<vbobufferid> player_run_animation; ... be a good example? Whats the proper way to organize a game with DOD?

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  • Moving characters on a grid [on hold]

    - by madmax1
    i am developing my first game with C++. My game uses a grid of rectangles. I have a class Board which manages the grid as a whole, initializes the terrain, places/removes characters, etc. It has a 2D vector of a class Field, which handles the Structure of the field, contained Objects, Characters, etc. Field again contains a vector of class Character, which are positioned on the field. Now i want to implement the functionality to move a character on the board, however dont know which is best practice to do so. Should i implement a moveCharacter(character, offset) function in Board, make it search for the character and move it? Or should i implement a function move(offset) in Character? This sure would be nicest, however makes characters necessary to know the board they are on, or the field which in turn knows the board. On the one hand i feel like i should avoid inclusion between classes as much as possible e.g. to increase portability of classes for different projects, on the other hand i think the character.move() functionality is most comfortable for further development. Im pretty new to "bigger" C++ projects and these kind of design questions pop up more and more often lately and i have troubles deciding. Thanks a lot for any advice!

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  • Using visitor pattern with large object hierarchy

    - by T. Fabre
    Context I've been using with a hierarchy of objects (an expression tree) a "pseudo" visitor pattern (pseudo, as in it does not use double dispatch) : public interface MyInterface { void Accept(SomeClass operationClass); } public class MyImpl : MyInterface { public void Accept(SomeClass operationClass) { operationClass.DoSomething(); operationClass.DoSomethingElse(); // ... and so on ... } } This design was, however questionnable, pretty comfortable since the number of implementations of MyInterface is significant (~50 or more) and I didn't need to add extra operations. Each implementation is unique (it's a different expression or operator), and some are composites (ie, operator nodes that will contain other operator/leaf nodes). Traversal is currently performed by calling the Accept operation on the root node of the tree, which in turns calls Accept on each of its child nodes, which in turn... and so on... But the time has come where I need to add a new operation, such as pretty printing : public class MyImpl : MyInterface { // Property does not come from MyInterface public string SomeProperty { get; set; } public void Accept(SomeClass operationClass) { operationClass.DoSomething(); operationClass.DoSomethingElse(); // ... and so on ... } public void Accept(SomePrettyPrinter printer) { printer.PrettyPrint(this.SomeProperty); } } I basically see two options : Keep the same design, adding a new method for my operation to each derived class, at the expense of maintainibility (not an option, IMHO) Use the "true" Visitor pattern, at the expense of extensibility (not an option, as I expect to have more implementations coming along the way...), with about 50+ overloads of the Visit method, each one matching a specific implementation ? Question Would you recommand using the Visitor pattern ? Is there any other pattern that could help solve this issue ?

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  • Identify high CPU consumed thread for Java app

    - by Vincent Ma
    Following java code to emulate busy and Idle thread and start it. import java.util.concurrent.*;import java.lang.*; public class ThreadTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        new Thread(new Idle(), "Idle").start();        new Thread(new Busy(), "Busy").start();    }}class Idle implements Runnable {    @Override    public void run() {        try {            TimeUnit.HOURS.sleep(1);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {        }    }}class Busy implements Runnable {    @Override    public void run() {        while(true) {            "Test".matches("T.*");        }    }} Using Processor Explorer to get this busy java processor and get Thread id it cost lots of CPU see the following screenshot: Cover to 4044 to Hexadecimal is oxfcc. Using VistulVM to dump thread and get that thread. see the following screenshot In Linux you can use  top -H to get Thread information. That it! Any question let me know. Thanks

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  • How do I add more than one command to /etc/rc.local?

    - by Andreas
    I want to add two power saving commands to /etc/rc.local file. This to dissable bluetooth: rfkill block bluetooth And this to reduce screen brightness: echo 3024 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness Separately added to /etc/rc.local they work but not both of them together like this: #/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing. echo 3024 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness rfkill block bluetooth exit 0 How do I add the two commands to get them properly executed at start-up? Update It turned out to be a timing issue. I fixed it by delaying the execution of the first command thus: (sleep 5; echo 3021 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness)&

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  • Entiity System with C++

    - by Dono
    I'm working on a game engine using the Entity System and I have some questions. How i see Entity System : Components : A class with attributs, set and get. Sprite Physicbody SpaceShip ... System : A class with a list of components. (Component logic) EntityManager Renderer Input Camera ... Entity : Just a empty class with a list of components. What i've done : Currently, i've got a program who allow me to do that : // Create a new entity/ Entity* entity = game.createEntity(); // Add some components. entity->addComponent( new TransformableComponent() ) ->setPosition( 15, 50 ) ->setRotation( 90 ) ->addComponent( new PhysicComponent() ) ->setMass( 70 ) ->addComponent( new SpriteComponent() ) ->setTexture( "name.png" ) ->addToSystem( new RendererSystem() ); My questions Did the system stock a list of components or a list of entities ? In the case where I stock a list of entities, I need to get the component of this entities on each frame, that's probably heavy isn't it ? Did the system stock a list of components or a list of entities ? In the case where I stock a list of entities, I need to get the component of this entities on each frame, that's probably heavy isn't it ?

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  • How to get Nvidia graphics working on Sony Z laptop?

    - by projectshave
    I have an older Sony VAIO Z 590 laptop with switchable graphics between Intel and Nvidia GeForce 9300M. It is NOT Optimus. I did a clean install of Ubuntu 12.04. Everything works, but it's using Unity 2D with the Intel drivers. I've tried loading the Nvidia drivers from "Additional Drivers", but it says "this driver is activated but not currently in use". When I run "nvidia-settings", an error window pops up to say "You do not appear to be using the NVIDIA X drivers." "lspci" shows both graphics cards. Let me know if I should add more info. How do I get the Nvidia graphics and Unity 3D working? More info: $ lshw -short -class display H/W path Device Class Description ============================================== /0/100/1/0 display G98 [GeForce 9300M GS] /0/100/2 display Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics C $ glxinfo name of display: :0 Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Excerpts from Xorg.0.log: [ 16.373] (II) LoadModule: "glx" [ 16.373] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/libglx.so [ 16.386] (II) Module glx: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation" [ 16.386] compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.0 [ 16.386] Module class: X.Org Server Extension [ 16.386] (II) NVIDIA GLX Module 295.49 Tue May 1 00:09:10 PDT 2012 [ 16.608] (II) NVIDIA dlloader X Driver 295.49 Mon Apr 30 23:48:24 PDT 2012 [ 16.608] (II) NVIDIA Unified Driver for all Supported NVIDIA GPUs [ 17.693] (EE) Failed to initialize GLX extension (Compatible NVIDIA X driver not found)

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  • Implementing new required feature after software release

    - by TiagoBrenck
    Fake Scenario There is a software that was released 1 year ago. The software is to map and register all kind of animals on our planet. When the software was released, the client only needed to know the scientific name of the animal, a flag if it is in risk of extinction and a scale of dangerous(that is a fake software and specification, I don't want to discuss this here). There are already 100.000 animals records saved on DB. New Feature One year later, the client wants a new feature. It is really important to him to know the animals classes, and this is a required field. So he asks me to put a field to input the animal class, and this field is required. Or maybe where this animal was discovered. Problem I have already 100.000 recorded animals without a class or where it was discovered, but I need to insert a new column to storage this information and this column can't be null. I don't have a default value for this situation (there isn't a default animal class or where it was discovered). I don't want to keep the requirement rule only on my software, my DB must have this requirement too(I like to keep business rules on DB too). What are the alternatives to solve this situation? I am on a situation that this new feature cannot be previewed or reviewed for the existing records. The time already passed and I can't go back on time to get it

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  • Webservice Return Generic Result Type or Purposed Result Type

    - by hanzolo
    I'm building a webservice which returns JSON / XML / SOAP at the moment.. and I'm not entirely sure which approach for returning results is best. Which would be a better return value? A generic "transfer" type structure, which carries Generic properties or a purposed type with distinct properties: class GenericTransferObject{ public string returnVal; public string returnType; } VS class PurposedTransferObject_1{ public string Property1; } //and then building additional "types" for additional values class PurposedTransferObject_2 { public string PropertyA; public string PropertyB; } Now, this would be the serialized and returned from a web service call via some client technology, JQuery in this example. SO if I called: /GetDaysInWeek/ I would either get back: {"returnType": "DaysInWeek", "returnVal": "365" } OR {"DaysInWeek": "365"} And then it would go from there. On the one hand there's flexibilty with the 1st example. I can add "returnTypes" without needing to adjust the client other than referencing an additional "index".. but if I had to add a property, now i'm changing a structure definition.. Is there an obvious choice in this situation?

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  • Correct way to use Farseer Physics in XNA

    - by user1640602
    I am using Farseer Physics for my 2D sidescroller game and I'm not sure how to proceed with it. I currently have a Sprite class (handles nothing but graphics), a GameObject class (contains specific object info like hit points), a World object which contains the list of Bodies, and a Level object which contains all of these objects. Originally I was trying to keep track of the Sprites, GameObjects, and Bodies separately because I felt that would provide loose coupling but it quickly became a headache. So my new idea was to add a Sprite member to the GameObject class but I'm still not sure how to maintain the Bodies because they have to communicate with GameObject. Specifically, my issue is this: The position of the Body is used to draw the Sprite inside of the Level. In order to do that I would have to maintain a link between GameObjects and Bodies. Is this correct or is there a better way to architect my game? If any of this is unclear please ask and I'll try to clarify. Thank you in advance for any help.

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  • Can i change the order of these OpenGL / Win32 calls?

    - by Adam Naylor
    I've been adapting the NeHe ogl/win32 code to be more object orientated and I don't like the way some of the calls are structured. The example has the following pseudo structure: Register window class Change display settings with a DEVMODE Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Resize the GL scene Init GL The points in bold are what I want to move into a rendering class (the rest are what I see being pure win32 calls) but I'm not sure if I can call them after the win32 calls. Essentially what I'm aiming for is to encapsulate the Win32 calls into a Platform::Initiate() type method and the rest into a sort of Renderer::Initiate() method. So my question essentially boils down to: "Would OpenGL allow these methods to be called in this order?" Register window class Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Change display settings with a DEVMODE Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Resize the GL scene Init GL (obviously passing through the appropriate window handles and device contexts.) Thanks in advance.

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  • If Variable = True show this, else show this [on hold]

    - by Tim Marshall
    If my variable of $userLoggedIn is true, the <?php if ($userLoggedIn == 'true') : ?> works perfect, however if the variable is false, the <?php if ($userLoggedIn == 'false') : ?> does not work at all. How do I resolve this problem? <?php $EditingWagesPage = false; $userLoggedIn = false; ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]> <html lang="en" class="ie8 no-js"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html lang="en" class="ie9 no-js"> <![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> <!-- BEGIN HEAD --> <?php if ($userLoggedIn == 'true') : ?> <head> ** HEADER STUFF ** </head> <body> ** BODY STUFF ** </body> <?php endif;?> <?php if ($userLoggedIn == 'false') : ?> <head> </head> <body> hiya </body> <?php endif;?> </html>

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  • Worthless Anti-Spam (What can we learn)

    - by smehaffie
    I recently can across a site that had a “anti-spam” field at the bottom of the entry from.  The first issue I had with it was that at 1280X800 you could not read the value you were suppose to enter (see below).  You tell me, should you enter div, dlv, piv, or plv. But even worse than not being readable at high resolutions is the fact that the programmer who coded it really did not understand what this was used for.  An anti-spam (aka: catpcha) entry field should not be able to be read by looking at the HTML DOM object (so entry of value cannot be scripted).  In this case the value is simply a disabled text input filed that has the value you need to type.  So a hacker would simply need to search for text input field named “spam2” and then they could flood the site with spam. 1: <td> 2: <label> 3: <input name="spam1" type="text" class="small" id="spam1" size="6" maxlength="3" /> 4: <input name="spam2" type="text" class="small" id="spam2" value="plv" 5: disabled="disabled" size="6" maxlength="3" /> 6: * <span class="small">- Anti-SPAM key - please enter matching value</span> 7: </label> 8: </td>   There are some things to learn from this example: 1) Always make sure you understand why you are coding a feature/function for any program you write.  Just following the requirements without realizing the “why” will sooner or later come back to bite you.  I think the above example appears to be an example of this. 2) Always check how the screen appears in different resolutions.  In this case it was pretty much unreadable in 1280x800, but you could read it in 800X600 (but most people I know do not have their resolution set that low).  Lucky for me I could “View Source” and get the value I needed to enter.

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  • Splitting Pygame functionality between classes or modules?

    - by sec_goat
    I am attempting to make my pygame application more modular so that different functionalities are split up into different classes and modules. I am having some trouble getting pygame to allow me to draw or load images in secondary classes when the display has been set and pygame.init() has been done in my main class. I have typically used C# and XNA to accomplish this sort of behavior, but this time I need to use python. How do I init pygame in class1, then create an instance of class2 which loads and converts() images. I have tried pygame.init() in class 2 but then it tells me no display mode has been set, when it has been set in class1. I am under the impression i do not wnat to create multiple pygame.displays as that gets problematic I am probably missing something pythonic and simple but I am not sure what. How do I create a Display class, init python and then have other modules do my work like loading images, fonts etc.? here is the simplest version of what I am doing: class1: def __init__(self): self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400)) self.imageLoader = class2() class2: def __init__(self): self.images = ['list of images'] def load_images(): self.images = os.listdir('./images/') #get all images in the images directory for img in self.images: #read all images in the directory and load them into pygame new_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', img)).convert() scale_img = pygame.transform.scale(new_img, (pygame.display.Info().current_w, pygame.display.Info().current_h)) self.images.append(scale_img) if __name__ == "__main__": c1 = class1() c1.imageLoader.load_images() Of course when it tries to load an convert the images it tells me pygame has not been initialized, so i throw in a pygame.init() in class2 ( i have heard it is safe to init multiple times) and then the error goes to pygame.error: No video mode has been set

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  • What Pattern will solve this - fetching dependent record from database

    - by tunmise fasipe
    I have these classes class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields } Note: Match actually have 2 teams which means 2 TeamID class Team { int TeamID, string TeamName } In my view I need to display List<Match> showing the TeamName. So I added another field class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields string TeamName; } I can now do Match m = getMatch(id); m.TeamName = getTeamName(m.TeamId); //get name from database But for a List<Match>, getTeamName(TeamId) will go to the database to fetch TeamName for each TeamID. For a page of 10 Matches per page, that could be (10x2Teams)=20 trip to database. To avoid this, I had the idea of loading everything once, store it in memory and only lookup the TeamName in memory. This made me have a rethink that what if the records are 5000 or more. What pattern is used to solve this and how?

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  • Implementing AS 2.0 with FSM?

    - by Up2u
    i have seen many of references of AI and FSM like : http://www.richardlord.net/blog/fini...n-actionscript and sadly im still can't understand the point of the FSM on AS2.0 is it a must to create a class of each state ? i have a project of game and also it has an AI, the AI has 3 state n i said the state is distanceCheck, ChaseTarget, and Hit the target, the game that i create is FPS game and play via by mouse so what i mean is i have create an AI ( and is success ) but i want to convert it to FSM method ... i create : function of CheckDistanceState() and in that function i have to locked the target with an array, and sort it with the nearest distance and locked it and it trigger the function ChaseState(), and in the ChaseState() i insert the Hit() function to destroy the enemy, the 3 function that i created , i call it in the AI_cursor.onEnterframe, ( FPS game that only have a cursor in stage ) is there any chance to implement FSM to my code without to create a class ?? from what i read before , to create a class mean to create an external code outside of the frame ( i used to code in frame) and i stil dont understand about it. sorry if my explaination not clear ...

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  • Sub-systems in game engines

    - by Hillel
    So here's the problem- I'm writing my own engine library, and it works fine with stuff like menus and the actual game screen. The thing is, I can't really figure out how to integrate something like an intro or dialogue preceding certain levels into this system. Let's look at another example- say I have a game-specific engine which gets a Level object and runs it. Engine would have its own collision and physics system, all hard coded. Now, what if at some point in a level, I want the player to enter a mini-game with different rules? How do I morph the Engine class to support these sub-systems without having to deal with their code all the time (as in: if(regular game) ... else if(mini game) ...)? And what if I want an intro animation at the start of a level, and I want the player to be able to assume control of his character once the animation ends, do I implement the animation into the Engine class itself? Or maybe I need to run another class, CutScene, and when it ends, it calls Engine and starts the level? What if I want to add a dialogue system, where at the start of each level there's a short dialogue and the player can't control his character, and once it ends, he can? Would I then run the dialogue code inside the Engine code? Maybe these sub-systems should all be scripted? I don't know anything about scripting, is it necessary for this kind of situation? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Space Invaders-type game: Keeping the enemies aligned with each other as they turn around?

    - by CorundumGames
    OK, so here's the lowdown of the problem I'm trying to solve. I'm developing a game in PyGame that's a cross between Space Invaders and Columns. I'm trying to make the motion of the enemies similar to that of the aliens in Space Invaders; that is, they're all clustered in a grid, and if even one hits the side of the screen, the entire formation moves down and turns around. However, the motion of these aliens is continuous (as continuous as a monitor can be, anyway), not on a discrete grid like in the original. The enemies are instances of an Enemy class, and in turn they're held by a 2D array in a enemysquadron module (which, if you don't use Python, is in this case essentially a singleton due to the way Python modules work). Inside the Enemy class I have a class-scope velocity vector that is reversed every time an Enemy object touches the edge of the screen. This won't do, though, because as time goes on the enemies just become disorganized and jumbled (i.e. not in a grid as planned). I haven't implemented the Enemies going downward yet, so let's not worry about that right now. Any tips?

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  • Extension objects pattern

    - by voroninp
    In this MSDN Magazine article Peter Vogel describes Extension Objects partten. What is not clear is whether extensions can be later implemented by client code residing in a separate assembly. And if so how in this case can extension get acces to private members of the objet being extended? I quite often need to set different access levels for different classes. Sometimes I really need that descendants does not have access to the mebmer but separate class does. (good old friend classes) Now I solve this in C# by exposing callback properties in interface of the external class and setting them with private methods. This also alows to adjust access: read only or read|write depending on the desired interface. class Parent { private int foo; public void AcceptExternal(IFoo external) { external.GetFooCallback = () => this.foo; } } interface IFoo { Func<int> GetFooCallback {get;set;} } Other way is to explicitly implement particular interface. But I suspect more aspproaches exist.

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  • Combinatorial explosion of interfaces: How many is too many?

    - by mga
    I'm a relative newcomer to OOP, and I'm having a bit of trouble creating good designs when it comes to interfaces. Consider a class A with N public methods. There are a number of other classes, B, C, ..., each of which interacts with A in a different way, that is, accesses some subset (<= N) of A's methods. The maximum degree of encapsulation is achieved by implementing an interface of A for each other class, i.e. AInterfaceForB, AInterfaceForC, etc. However, if B, C, ... etc. also interact with A and with each other, then there will be a combinatorial explosion of interfaces (a maximum of n(n-1), to be precise), and the benefit of encapsulation becomes outweighed by a code-bloat. What is the best practice in this scenario? Is the whole idea of restricting access to a class's public functions in different ways for other different classes just silly altogether? One could imagine a language that explicitly allows for this sort of encapsulation (e.g. instead of declaring a function public, one could specify exactly which classes it is visible to); Since this is not a feature of C++, maybe it's misguided to try to do it through the back door with interaces?

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