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  • Information Gain and Entropy

    - by dhorn
    I recently read this question regarding information gain and entropy. I think I have a semi-decent grasp on the main idea, but I'm curious as what to do with situations such as follows: If we have a bag of 7 coins, 1 of which is heavier than the others, and 1 of which is lighter than the others, and we know the heavier coin + the lighter coin is the same as 2 normal coins, what is the information gain associated with picking two random coins and weighing them against each other? Our goal here is to identify the two odd coins. I've been thinking this problem over for a while, and can't frame it correctly in a decision tree, or any other way for that matter. Any help? EDIT: I understand the formula for entropy and the formula for information gain. What I don't understand is how to frame this problem in a decision tree format. EDIT 2: Here is where I'm at so far: Assuming we pick two coins and they both end up weighing the same, we can assume our new chances of picking H+L come out to 1/5 * 1/4 = 1/20 , easy enough. Assuming we pick two coins and the left side is heavier. There are three different cases where this can occur: HM: Which gives us 1/2 chance of picking H and a 1/4 chance of picking L: 1/8 HL: 1/2 chance of picking high, 1/1 chance of picking low: 1/1 ML: 1/2 chance of picking low, 1/4 chance of picking high: 1/8 However, the odds of us picking HM are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 The odds of us picking HL are 1/7 * 1/6 which is 1/42 And the odds of us picking ML are 1/7 * 5/6 which is 5/42 If we weight the overall probabilities with these odds, we are given: (1/8) * (5/42) + (1/1) * (1/42) + (1/8) * (5/42) = 3/56. The same holds true for option B. option A = 3/56 option B = 3/56 option C = 1/20 However, option C should be weighted heavier because there is a 5/7 * 4/6 chance to pick two mediums. So I'm assuming from here I weight THOSE odds. I am pretty sure I've messed up somewhere along the way, but I think I'm on the right path! EDIT 3: More stuff. Assuming the scale is unbalanced, the odds are (10/11) that only one of the coins is the H or L coin, and (1/11) that both coins are H/L Therefore we can conclude: (10 / 11) * (1/2 * 1/5) and (1 / 11) * (1/2) EDIT 4: Going to go ahead and say that it is a total 4/42 increase.

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  • Compose synthetic English phrase that would contain 160 bits of recoverable information

    - by Alexander Gladysh
    I have 160 bits of random data. Just for fun, I want to generate pseudo-English phrase to "store" this information in. I want to be able to recover this information from the phrase. Note: This is not a security question, I don't care if someone else will be able to recover the information or even detect that it is there or not. Criteria for better phrases, from most important to the least: Short Unique Natural-looking The current approach, suggested here: Take three lists of 1024 nouns, verbs and adjectives each (picking most popular ones). Generate a phrase by the following pattern, reading 20 bits for each word: Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb. Now, this seems to be a good approach, but the phrase is a bit too long and a bit too dull. I have found a corpus of words here (Part of Speech Database). After some ad-hoc filtering, I calculated that this corpus contains, approximately 50690 usable adjectives 123585 nouns 15301 verbs This allows me to use up to 16 bits per adjective (actually 16.9, but I can't figure how to use fractional bits) 15 bits per noun 13 bits per verb For noun-verb-adjective-verb pattern this gives 57 bits per "sentence" in phrase. This means that, if I'll use all words I can get from this corpus, I can generate three sentences instead of four (160 / 57 ˜ 2.8). Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb, Noun verb adjective verb. Still a bit too long and dull. Any hints how can I improve it? What I see that I can try: Try to compress my data somehow before encoding. But since the data is completely random, only some phrases would be shorter (and, I guess, not by much). Improve phrase pattern, so it would look better. Use several patterns, using the first word in phrase to somehow indicate for future decoding which pattern was used. (For example, use the last letter or even the length of the word.) Pick pattern according to the first bytes of the data. ...I'm not that good with English to come up with better phrase patterns. Any suggestions? Use more linguistics in the pattern. Different tenses etc. ...I guess, I would need much better word corpus than I have now for that. Any hints where can I get a suitable one?

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  • Would I really want to return the minimum date?

    - by Clay Shannon
    An old work colleague used to quote his father about tools, "You have to be smarter than it." In the code below, Resharper is telling me, "Value assigned is not used in any execution path" (pointing to the first line). If I accept its offer of help, dt is not assigned a value ("today"). Is this a case where "I have to be smarter than it" and ignore their warning, or is this a case where the tool is smarter than me, and I'm just not understanding it? My take on the situation is that if the if statement fails, the current date is returned (the default value I want), but if I acquiesce to Resharper's "demands" it would return the default value for Datetime, which is the minimum date, which I assume is something like 7/4/1776 or 1/1/0000 or so. DateTime dt = DateTime.Now; if (!(DateTime.TryParse(substr, out dt))) { using (var dtpDlgForm = new ReturnDate("Please select the Date that the file was created:")) { if (dtpDlgForm.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { dt = dtpDlgForm.ReturnVal; } } } return dt;

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  • Capturing WPF Vector Information BEFORE it Renders to Screen

    - by user273722
    I'm trying to "capture" or record the vector display information of a WPF (maybe Silverlight) application and play it back. However, instead of capturing bitmaps of what is rendered, I would like to capture the vector information BEFORE it gets rendered so that I can play it back at different resolutions without loss of quality. Ideally, I'd like to do this without having to add assemblies into my app (but willing to do so if necessary). I've looked into the WPF rendering pipeline and cannot find an appropriate starting point (or, stated differently, I couldn't figure it out). Maybe the VisualTreeHelper class?

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  • VB.NET Function Return

    - by waves
    In order to return a value from a VB.NET function one can assign a value to the "Functions Name" or use "return value." I sometimes see these inter-mixed in the same function. Personally, I prefer the return. My question is, what is the internal difference, if any, between the two?

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  • Getting normal information from OpenGL render output

    - by okamiueru
    I'll try to keep this simple. I want a way to access the normal information of the scene, from the Frame Buffer output (or similar). The same way one is able to access the Depth Buffer using glGetTexImage and GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT. I know I could set up a fragment shader which outputs the normal information in RGB color space, which could in turn be read from the rendered image. I'm wondering however if there is a way to do this within the openGL API. I'll clarify anything upon request as best as I can, Thank you

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  • How to get information about a Windows executable (.exe) using C++

    - by ereOn
    Hi, I have to create a software that will scan several directories and extracts information about the executables found. I need to do two things: Determine if a given file is an executable (.exe, .dll, and so on) - Checking the extension is probably not good enough. Get the information about this executable (the company name, the product name, and so on). I never did this before and thus am not aware if there is a Windows API (or lightweight C/C++ library) to do that or if it is even possible. I guess it is, because explorer.exe does it. Do you guys know anything that could point me in the right direction ? Thank you very much for your help.

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  • titleForHeaderInSection is not updating Section Header information correctly

    - by Jim
    I have two tableviews where one navigates to the next. Both use more or less the same code and use the managedObjectContext and FetchedResultsController design pattern to provide the relevant data for both tables. My problem happens when I navigate from the first to the second tableview and the data has only one Section Header / Row in the tableview. The data will then not update Section Header information. It does when there is more than one row but not if there is only one row. It leaves the information from the first attempt in place. I can confirm the row data is correct so the relevant data should be being passed to the Section Header correctly but it isn't. Has anyone else come across this problem?

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  • Advice on pursuing a masters in information systems or computer science

    - by phantom
    I wanted some advice about pursuing a graduate program. I was recently accepted into a masters in computer science but I do have about 2 years of pre-reqs to complete. However, I attained my undergrad in information systems. I originally applied to computer science because I felt it provided me with more technical knowledge necessary in today's market. I would like to know if you feel four years would be worth it to attain a masters in computer science or spend two years completing attaining a masters in information systems. Thank you! I appreciate your kind response!

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  • providing a java servlet with information

    - by tom
    Hi, i am new to servlets. I made a simple hello world programme that prints those famous 2 words to the screen when i access the page via a browser using http://localhost:8080/mypath/path... My question is now, how do i provide a servlet with information? Specifically considering the fact that my c# programme calculates a lookup value for a global system, then the "java" servlet processes that and returns a set of results. I have done the reverse thanks to help on here, regarding calling a returned string from the java servlet in c#. However i am not sure how i go about providing the servlet information. Do i pass it via the url? Thank you

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  • Save information from MS crash reporter?

    - by DGentry
    On Windows XP when a process crashes, we get a dialog box with a link: "To view technical information about the error report, click here." The "click here" link brings up a whole lot of information in a window, but no obvious way to save it to a file. Is there a way? It would be very nice to be able to send that data to several different external vendors we're working with. The only other option I see in the dialog box is to send it to Microsoft, but this crash is likely not Microsoft's fault and there is no reason to send it to them.

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  • Get ffmpeg information in friendly way

    - by JBernardo
    Every time I try to get some information about my video files with ffmpeg, it pukes a lot of useless information mixed with good things. I'm using ffmpeg -i name_of_the_video.mpg. There are any possibilities to get that in a friendly way? I mean JSON would be great (and even ugly XML is fine). By now, I made my application parse the data with regex but there are lots of nasty corners that appear on some specific video files. I fixed all that I encountered, but there may be more. I wanted something like: { "Stream 0": { "type": "Video", "codec": "h264", "resolution": "720x480" }, "Stream 1": { "type": "Audio", "bitrate": "128 kbps", "channels": 2 } }

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  • SQL - Link to more table information

    - by BioXhazard
    I have a datagrid with 3 of 5 fields from a SQL table. The first databound was changed to an asp:hyperlink so the field can be clicked. What I want to do is, when the user clicks an object in the field, it sends the ID to another page. From there, it uses the request in order to display the required information which is found in the same SQL table. For example: User clicks on a cell in the first column, it brings them to a page with more information on that cell.

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  • Hidden Field losing its Value on postback

    - by Ratan
    I have a ascx page where I am using a hidden field to store the value of a the drop down box as it is generated using a google address finder. My problem is that when I try to store the value directly in the hidden field : hfDdlVerifyID.Value = ddlVerifySS.SelectedValue; in the event of a button click, the value is stored but on postback is lost again. Whereas, if i try to use Scriptmanager to do it, nothing is stored. getBuild.AppendLine("$get('" + hfDdlVerifyID.ClientID + "').value = $get('" + ddlVerifySS.ClientID + ").value;"); ScriptManager.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.Page, this.GetType(), "storeHidden", getBuild.ToString(), true); // Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.GetType(), "storeHidden", getBuild.ToString(), true); string test = hfDdlVerifyID.Value.ToString(); The ascx page is : <asp:UpdatePanel ID = ddlUpdate runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <asp:Panel ID="pVerify" runat="server"> <br /> <fieldset> <legend> <asp:Literal ID="lVerify" runat="server" /> </legend> <asp:CheckBox ID ="cbVerify" runat ="server" Text ="Use the value from the following list, (Uncheck to accept address as it is)." Checked ="true" /> <br /> <asp:DropDownList ID="ddlVerifySS" runat="server" onselectedindexchanged="ddlVerifySS_SelectIndexChange" /> <asp:HiddenField id ="hfDdlVerifyID" runat ="server" /> </fieldset> </asp:Panel> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> <padrap:Button ID ="bVerify" runat ="server" CssClass ="btn" OnClick ="bVerify_Click" Text ="Verify Address" /> <asp:Button ID ="btnSubSite" runat ="server" text ="Save" CssCLass ="btn" OnClick ="save_btn_Click_subSite" onLoad="ddlVerify_Load" />

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  • Trend analysis using iterative value increments

    - by Dave Jarvis
    We have configured iReport to generate the following graph: The real data points are in blue, the trend line is green. The problems include: Too many data points for the trend line Trend line does not follow a Bezier curve (spline) The source of the problem is with the incrementer class. The incrementer is provided with the data points iteratively. There does not appear to be a way to get the set of data. The code that calculates the trend line looks as follows: import java.math.BigDecimal; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.fill.*; /** * Used by an iReport variable to increment its average. */ public class MovingAverageIncrementer implements JRIncrementer { private BigDecimal average; private int incr = 0; /** * Instantiated by the MovingAverageIncrementerFactory class. */ public MovingAverageIncrementer() { } /** * Returns the newly incremented value, which is calculated by averaging * the previous value from the previous call to this method. * * @param jrFillVariable Unused. * @param object New data point to average. * @param abstractValueProvider Unused. * @return The newly incremented value. */ public Object increment( JRFillVariable jrFillVariable, Object object, AbstractValueProvider abstractValueProvider ) { BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal( ( ( Number )object ).doubleValue() ); // Average every 10 data points // if( incr % 10 == 0 ) { setAverage( ( value.add( getAverage() ).doubleValue() / 2.0 ) ); } incr++; return getAverage(); } /** * Changes the value that is the moving average. * @param average The new moving average value. */ private void setAverage( BigDecimal average ) { this.average = average; } /** * Returns the current moving average average. * @return Value used for plotting on a report. */ protected BigDecimal getAverage() { if( this.average == null ) { this.average = new BigDecimal( 0 ); } return this.average; } /** Helper method. */ private void setAverage( double d ) { setAverage( new BigDecimal( d ) ); } } How would you create a smoother and more accurate representation of the trend line?

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  • Passing Control's Value to Modal Popup

    - by Sherwin Valdez
    Hello, Just would like know how to pass textbox value to a modal popup after clicking a button using ModalPopUpExtender in ASP.NET, I've tried these codes but seems that I have no luck :( <script runat="server"> protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Button1.Attributes.Add("onclick", "showModalPopup(); return false;"); } </script> <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"> </asp:ScriptManager> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick='showModalPopup(); return false;' /> <cc1:ModalPopupExtender ID="ModalPopupExtender1" runat="server" TargetControlID="Button1" PopupControlID="Panel1" CancelControlID="btnCancel" OkControlID="btnOkay" BackgroundCssClass="ModalPopupBG"> </cc1:ModalPopupExtender> <asp:Panel ID="Panel1" Style="display: none" runat="server"> <div class="HellowWorldPopup"> <div class="PopupHeader" id="PopupHeader"> Header</div> <div class="PopupBody"> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server"></asp:Label> </div> <div class="Controls"> <input id="btnOkay" type="button" value="Done" /> <input id="btnCancel" type="button" value="Cancel" /> </div> </div> </asp:Panel> javascript function showModalPopup() { //show the ModalPopupExtender var value; value = document.getElementById("TextBox1").value; $get("<%=Label1.ClientID %>").value = value; $find("<%=ModalPopupExtender1.ClientID %>").show(); } I wonder what I miss out :(, Thanks and I hope someone could help me :)

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  • setcookie, Cannot modify header information - headers already sent

    - by Nano HE
    Hi,I am new to PHP, I practised PHP setcookie() just now and failed. http://localhost/test/index.php <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <?php $value = 'something from somewhere'; setcookie("TestCookie", $value); ?> </body> </html> http://localhost/test/view.php <?php // I plan to view the cookie value via view.php echo $_COOKIE["TestCookie"]; ?> But I failed to run index.php, IE warning like this. Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\xampp\htdocs\test\index.php:9) in C:\xampp\htdocs\test\index.php on line 12 I enabled my IE 6 cookie no doubt. Is there anything wrong on my procedure above? Thank you. WinXP OS and XAMPP 1.7.3 used.

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