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  • What happens to running processes when I lose a remote connection to a *nix box?

    - by David Marble
    I occasionally lose my remote SSH connection to my VPS. I use screen for long-running processes, but am wondering what happens to the processes I had running aside from those run within a screen session if I lose the connection to the box. When I re-establish a connection to the box, what happened to the bash and sshd processes that were running when I lost the connection? Today I lost connection repeatedly and noticed many more bash and sshd processes than usual. If there are processes hanging around, do I need to kill them? How could I determine which processes were abandoned from my previous session? Thanks for any replies!

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  • Xorg input devices fail without udev

    - by Sampo
    What I am trying to do: Launch Xorg server without udev device manager. What I have tried to do: Make sure that /dev/ has all required nodes, such as /dev/input/*. Make sure that all required kernel modules are loaded. Launch Xorg. What happens: Xorg starts up as excepted. Xorg loads correct GPU driver and sets right screen resolution. Xorg blocks all input devices (keyboard, mouse), Alt+F[1-12] does not work (can't go back to tty1). Unraw'ing keyboard to take its control from X removes blocking and after unraw I can Alt+F1 back to tty1. Xorg still does not handle any input. Why I think that it should work: Same configuration works well if udev is loaded. Loading udev does not add or modify /dev/ contents, all nodes stays same. My main question is: How to make Xorg input devices work without udev? Any additional information about how Xorg really uses/detects/grabs keyboard would be helpful. And any additional information about what udev really does (other than populating /dev/) would also be helpful.

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  • Is there a server distro with the capability of syncing live data to multiple machines?

    - by Adam Hart
    Scenario: I have a main server that is used for pagebuilding/storing master data, and is accessed by a few clients on site. This company also has multiple branches with their own server that that connect to locally, but need to work with all the same data, and have it synchronized across all servers in real (or close) time. Is there a way/specific server OS that can sync live data across all of these servers? These servers would also need to be able to: Configure AFP, FTP, CIFS, SMB Continue to host their web server and database server in a Microsoft environment, but move the file server off to commodity hardware Just wondering if this is even possible.

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  • "Possible SYN flooding" in log despite low number of SYN_RECV connections

    - by al4
    Recently we had an apache server which was responding very slowly due to SYN flooding. The workaround for this was to enable tcp_syncookies (net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf). I posted a question about this here if you want more background. After enabling syncookies we started seeing the following message in /var/log/messages approximately every 60 seconds: [84440.731929] possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. Vinko Vrsalovic informed me that this means the syn backlog is getting full, so I raised tcp_max_syn_backlog to 4096. At some point I also lowered tcp_synack_retries to 3 (down from the default of 5) by issuing sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=3. After doing this, the frequency seemed to drop, with the interval of the messages varying between roughly 60 and 180 seconds. Next I issued sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65536, but am still getting the message in the log. Throughout all this I've been watching the number of connections in SYN_RECV state (by running watch --interval=5 'netstat -tuna |grep "SYN_RECV"|wc -l'), and it never goes higher than about 240, much much lower than the size of the backlog. Yet I have a Red Hat server which hovers around 512 (limit on this server is the default of 1024). Are there any other tcp settings which would limit the size of the backlog or am I barking up the wrong tree? Should the number of SYN_RECV connections in netstat -tuna correlate to the size of the backlog? Update As best I can tell I'm dealing with legitimate connections here, netstat -tuna|wc -l hovers around 5000. I've been researching this today and found this post from a last.fm employee, which has been rather useful. I've also discovered that the tcp_max_syn_backlog has no effect when syncookies are enabled (as per this link) So as a next step I set the following in sysctl.conf: net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 # default=1024 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 # default=124928 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 # default=131071 net.core.somaxconn = 512 # default = 128 net.core.optmem_max = 81920 # default = 20480 I then setup my response time test, ran sysctl -p and disabled syncookies by sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0. After doing this the number of connections in the SYN_RECV state still remained around 220-250, but connections were starting to delay again. Once I noticed these delays I re-enabled syncookies and the delays stopped. I believe what I was seeing was still an improvement from the initial state, however some requests were still delayed which is much worse than having syncookies enabled. So it looks like I'm stuck with them enabled until we can get some more servers online to cope with the load. Even then, I'm not sure I see a valid reason to disable them again as they're only sent (apparently) when the server's buffers get full. But the syn backlog doesn't appear to be full with only ~250 connections in the SYN_RECV state! Is it possible that the SYN flooding message is a red herring and it's something other than the syn_backlog that's filling up? If anyone has any other tuning options I haven't tried yet I'd be more than happy to try them out, but I'm starting to wonder if the syn_backlog setting isn't being applied properly for some reason.

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  • Log rotation with automatic *.log file discovery

    - by Mikko Ohtamaa
    I am hosting several websites which each of run their own Python process and write *.log output files, but the directory structure is not standardized. Example: -rw-r--r-- 1 plone plone 125M 2012-08-29 11:35 ./x/var/log/instance-Z2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 plone plone 19M 2012-08-29 00:07 ./zope2.9/y/log/event.log -rw-r--r-- 1 plone plone 188M 2012-08-13 00:09 ./zope2.9/y/log/Z2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 plone plone 137M 2010-11-16 09:41 ./zope2.9/y/log/event.log I'd like to make log rotate autodiscovery these log files and run a log rotation on them, as opposite to manually type in every log file to logrotate conf. Does any existing tools offer this kind of log file discovery and rotation capabilities, without manually specifying each file? If not... then just write a shell script which generates the logrotate conf?

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  • *nix OS that is easy to update to latest software

    - by rjstelling
    I need to configure a server (*nix) that runs our (bespoke) CMS and Applications. In the past I have defaulted to using Cent OS 5, but I find this outdated difficult to upgrade the software to the versions we require. For example, we need PHP 5.3, but CentOS 5 has 5.2. Updating is fine but breaks something else (normally MySQL support in PHP). Eventually it will get to a situation where I can't upgrade because of missing dependancies and incompatible versions. Error: Missing Dependency: httpd = 2.2.3-43.el5.centos.3 is needed by package httpd-devel-2.2.3-43.el5.centos.3.i386 (updates) Is there a better alternative OS for hassle free updates, I need: Apache 2.2.17 (the development version for apxs) MySQL 5.5.8 PHP 5.3.5

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  • Monit network availability checking

    - by viraptor
    Hi, I'd like to start a service with monit but only when I have the correct ip bound to the host. Can this be done somehow with the normal config? For example I want to start a process xxx with pidfile xxx.pid, but only if host currently has 10.0.0.1 bound to some interface.

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  • APC File Cache not working but user cache is fine

    - by danishgoel
    I have just got a VPS (with cPanel/WHM) to test what gains i could get in my application with using apc file cache AND user cache. So firstly I got the PHP 5.3 compiled in as a DSO (apache module). Then installed APC via PECL through SSH. (First I tried with WHM Module installer, it also had the same problem, so I tried it via ssh) All seemed fine and phpinfo showed apc loaded and enabled. Then I checked with apc.php. All seemed OK But as I started testing my php application, the stats in apc for File Cache Information state: Cached Files 0 ( 0.0 Bytes) Hits 1 Misses 0 Request Rate (hits, misses) 0.00 cache requests/second Hit Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Miss Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Insert Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Cache full count 0 Which meant no PHP files were being cached, even though I had browsed through over 10 PHP files having multiple includes. So there must have been some Cached Files. But the user cache is functioning fine. User Cache Information Cached Variables 0 ( 0.0 Bytes) Hits 1000 Misses 1000 Request Rate (hits, misses) 0.84 cache requests/second Hit Rate 0.42 cache requests/second Miss Rate 0.42 cache requests/second Insert Rate 0.84 cache requests/second Cache full count 0 Its actually from an APC caching test script which tries to retrieve and store 1000 entries and gives me the times. A sort of simple benchmark. Can anyone help me here. Even though apc.cache_by_default = 1, no php files are being cached. This is my apc config Runtime Settings apc.cache_by_default 1 apc.canonicalize 1 apc.coredump_unmap 0 apc.enable_cli 0 apc.enabled 1 apc.file_md5 0 apc.file_update_protection 2 apc.filters apc.gc_ttl 3600 apc.include_once_override 0 apc.lazy_classes 0 apc.lazy_functions 0 apc.max_file_size 1M apc.mmap_file_mask apc.num_files_hint 1000 apc.preload_path apc.report_autofilter 0 apc.rfc1867 0 apc.rfc1867_freq 0 apc.rfc1867_name APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_prefix upload_ apc.rfc1867_ttl 3600 apc.serializer default apc.shm_segments 1 apc.shm_size 32M apc.slam_defense 1 apc.stat 1 apc.stat_ctime 0 apc.ttl 0 apc.use_request_time 1 apc.user_entries_hint 4096 apc.user_ttl 0 apc.write_lock 1 Also most php files are under 20KB, thus, apc.max_file_size = 1M is not the cause. I have also tried using 'apc_compile_file ' to force some files into opcode cache with no luck. I have also re-installed APC with Debugging enabled, but nothing shows in the error_log I have also tried setting mmap_file_mask to /dev/zero and /tmp/apc.xxxxxx, i have also set /tmp permissions to 777 to no avail Any clue anyone. Update: I have tried following things and none cause APC file cache to populate 1. set apc.enable_cli = 1 AND run a script from cli 2. Set apc.max_file_size = 5M (just in case) 3. switched php handler from dso to FastCGI in WHM (then switched it back to dso as it did not solve the problem) 4. Even tried restarting the container

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  • SSH works in putty but not terminal

    - by Ryan Naddy
    When I try to ssh this in a terminal: ssh [email protected] I get the following error: Connection closed by 69.163.227.82 When I use putty, I am able to connect to the server. Why is this happening, and how can I get this to work in a terminal? ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_6.0p1 (CentrifyDC build 5.1.0-472) (CentrifyDC build 5.1.0-472), OpenSSL 0.9.8w 23 Apr 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/centrifydc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/centrifydc/ssh/ssh_config line 52: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to sub.domain.com [69.163.227.82] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/ryannaddy/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH_5* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.0 debug1: Miscellaneous failure Cannot resolve network address for KDC in requested realm debug1: Miscellaneous failure Cannot resolve network address for KDC in requested realm debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP Connection closed by 69.163.227.82

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  • Apache security for multi-user development web server.

    - by mrmartinblue
    I've been searching and reading through documents all morning and understand that I need to use some combination of chown and probably 'jailing' to securely give programmers access to directories on my centos webserver. Here's the situation: I have an apache web server that has any number of virtual sites located in /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 etc.. I have different developers that need full access both ssh and vsFTP to only the site they are working on. What is the best way to create and maintain security in this scenario. My thought would be to create a new user for each coder, jail that user to the website directory they are allowed to work in, add their user to a group and set the webroot's owner to that group. Any thoughts? Good, bad, ugly? Thanks!

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  • Set up tunnel to HE.net and now only ipv6.google.com works, but other sites ping fine.

    - by AndrejaKo
    I'm setting up IPv6 using my router which is running OpenWRT, version Backfire 10.03.1-rc4. I made a tunnel using Hurricane Electric's tunnel broker and set it up on the router and I'm using RADVD to hand out IPv6 addresses. My problem is that on computers on the network, I can only access ipv6.google.com using a browser, but other sites seem to be loading forever and won't open in any browser. I can ping and traceroute to them fine, but can't open them with a browser. I can open any site normally with a browser from the router. Stopping firewall service on the router doesn't help, so it's probably not a firewall issue. All AAAA records resolve fine, so it's probably not a DNS issue. Computers on the network get their IPv6 addresses fine, so it's probably not a radvd issue. Similar setup worked fine for SixXs, but I'm having problems with my PoP there, so I decided to move to HE. Here are some traceroutes: From a client computer: Tracing route to ipv6.he.net [2001:470:0:64::2] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 2001:470:1f0b:de5::1 2 62 ms 63 ms 62 ms andrejako-1.tunnel.tserv6.fra1.ipv6.he.net [2001:470:1f0a:de5::1] 3 60 ms 60 ms 63 ms gige-g2-4.core1.fra1.he.net [2001:470:0:69::1] 4 63 ms 68 ms 68 ms 10gigabitethernet1-4.core1.ams1.he.net [2001:470:0:47::1] 5 84 ms 74 ms 76 ms 10gigabitethernet1-4.core1.lon1.he.net [2001:470:0:3f::1] 6 146 ms 147 ms 151 ms 10gigabitethernet4-4.core1.nyc4.he.net [2001:470:0:128::1] 7 200 ms 198 ms 202 ms 10gigabitethernet5-3.core1.lax1.he.net [2001:470:0:10e::1] 8 219 ms * 210 ms 10gigabitethernet2-2.core1.fmt2.he.net [2001:470:0:18d::1] 9 221 ms 338 ms 209 ms gige-g4-18.core1.fmt1.he.net [2001:470:0:2d::1] 10 206 ms 210 ms 207 ms ipv6.he.net [2001:470:0:64::2] Trace complete. and another from a cliet computer Tracing route to whatismyipv6.com [2001:4870:a24f:2::90] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 7 ms 1 ms 1 ms 2001:470:1f0b:de5::1 2 69 ms 70 ms 63 ms AndrejaKo-1.tunnel.tserv6.fra1.ipv6.he.net [2001:470:1f0a:de5::1] 3 57 ms 65 ms 58 ms gige-g2-4.core1.fra1.he.net [2001:470:0:69::1] 4 73 ms 74 ms 75 ms 10gigabitethernet1-4.core1.ams1.he.net [2001:470:0:47::1] 5 71 ms 74 ms 76 ms 10gigabitethernet1-4.core1.lon1.he.net [2001:470:0:3f::1] 6 141 ms 149 ms 148 ms 10gigabitethernet2-3.core1.nyc4.he.net [2001:470:0:3e::1] 7 141 ms 147 ms 143 ms 10gigabitethernet1-2.core1.nyc1.he.net [2001:470:0:37::2] 8 144 ms 145 ms 142 ms 2001:504:1::a500:4323:1 9 226 ms 225 ms 218 ms 2001:4870:a240::2 10 220 ms 224 ms 219 ms 2001:4870:a240::2 11 219 ms 218 ms 220 ms 2001:4870:a24f::2 12 221 ms 222 ms 220 ms www.whatismyipv6.com [2001:4870:a24f:2::90] Trace complete. Here's some firewall info on the router: root@OpenWrt:/# iptables -L -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 syn_flood tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 input_rule all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 input all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination zone_wan_MSSFIX all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED forwarding_rule all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 forward all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 output_rule all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 output all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain forward (1 references) target prot opt source destination zone_lan_forward all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan_forward all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan_forward all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain forwarding_lan (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain forwarding_rule (1 references) target prot opt source destination nat_reflection_fwd all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain forwarding_wan (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain input (1 references) target prot opt source destination zone_lan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain input_lan (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain input_rule (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain input_wan (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain nat_reflection_fwd (1 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.2 tcp dpt:80 Chain output (1 references) target prot opt source destination zone_lan_ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan_ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain output_rule (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain reject (7 references) target prot opt source destination REJECT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with tcp-reset REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain syn_flood (1 references) target prot opt source destination RETURN tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 limit: avg 25/sec burst 50 DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_lan (1 references) target prot opt source destination input_lan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_lan_ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_lan_ACCEPT (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_lan_DROP (0 references) target prot opt source destination DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_lan_MSSFIX (0 references) target prot opt source destination TCPMSS tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x06/0x02 TCPMSS clamp to PMTU Chain zone_lan_REJECT (1 references) target prot opt source destination reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_lan_forward (1 references) target prot opt source destination zone_wan_ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 forwarding_lan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_lan_REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_wan (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:68 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 8 ACCEPT 41 -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 input_wan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan_REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_wan_ACCEPT (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_wan_DROP (0 references) target prot opt source destination DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_wan_MSSFIX (1 references) target prot opt source destination TCPMSS tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x06/0x02 TCPMSS clamp to PMTU TCPMSS tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x06/0x02 TCPMSS clamp to PMTU Chain zone_wan_REJECT (2 references) target prot opt source destination reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain zone_wan_forward (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.2 forwarding_wan all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 zone_wan_REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Here's some routing info: root@OpenWrt:/# ip -f inet6 route 2001:470:1f0a:de5::/64 via :: dev 6in4-henet proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1280 advmss 1220 hoplimit 0 2001:470:1f0b:de5::/64 dev br-lan proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::/64 dev br-lan proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::/64 dev eth0.1 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::/64 dev eth0.2 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 0 fe80::/64 via :: dev 6in4-henet proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1280 advmss 1220 hoplimit 0 default dev 6in4-henet metric 1024 mtu 1280 advmss 1220 hoplimit 0 I have computers running windows 7 SP1 and openSUSE 11.3 and all of them have same problem. I also made a thread about this on HE's forum, but it seems that people there are out of ideas what to do.

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  • How can I determine what gnome desktop number a gnome terminal is connected to?

    - by Ross Rogers
    In KDE's Konsole, I can do the following from the terminal: dcop kwin KWinInterface currentDesktop And it will tell me which desktop my terminal is connected to ( per http://stackoverflow.com/questions/738059/in-kde-how-can-i-automatically-tell-which-desktop-a-konsole-terminal-is-in/745250#745250 ) How can I determine what desktop number the current gnome terminal in a gnome session is connected to?

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  • How to find the /dev name of my USB device

    - by mustafa
    I am running Ubuntu 11 on VmWare on Windows XP. I want to format an SD card in Ubuntu. But, I can't figure out which /dev/xxx device the SD card is. I plug the card into the built-in socket of my laptop. I "safely remove" the device in Windows. Then, I "connect" the PCMCIA reader in VmWare. Now, I was supposing to see a new device like /dev/sdx. But, it doesn't appear :( How can I find what the name of my USB device's name and mount it? /var/log/message is empty. Here is the output of dmesg: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd And, here is the last lines of /var/log/syslog: Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu kernel: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 12: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:00.0/usb2/2-1" Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 12 was not an MTP device

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  • Journaled filesystems and power failure

    - by Yoga
    I heard that even a journaled filesystems such as EXT3/EXT4 might corrupted during power failure, e.g. from wikipedia [1]: In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems are quicker to bring back online and less likely to become corrupted. Can anyone provide more detail by giving examples such that when corruption can occur corruption is avoided by journaled filesystems [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system

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  • iptables management tools for large scale environment

    - by womble
    The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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  • htaccess rewrite different folder url, two index files

    - by Andrew
    I've been searching for awhile now and haven't found anything that comes close to what I'm trying to accomplish. Right now my URL's look like this: www.website.com/something which are using the root folder /index.php Now I have created plugins within folders: /plugins/PLUGINNAME/index.php I want to be able to have URLs like: www.website.com/plugins/PLUGINNAME/anything/iwant/here which are all using /plugins/PLUGINNAME/index.php and not the root directory index.php. Currently www.website.com/plugins/PLUGINNAME/ works, but anything after /PLUGINNAME/xxx defaults to the /index.php.

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  • Partition table corrupted (USB flash drive)

    - by 13ren
    It's an 8 GB Patriot thumb drive, which I've used extensively with lots of data. Today, it is detected, but all data is gone: (EDIT at least some data is still there, but the partition table is gone) EDIT @Sathya (thanks) here's the relevant output from sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sdc: 8019 MB, 8019509248 bytes 247 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders Units = cylinders of 15314 * 512 = 7840768 bytes Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table It looks like it is /dev/sdc, with that 8 GB... and no partition table. I tried to mount /dev/sdc (and then dmesg | tail): /media> sudo mount /dev/sdc mytmp mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc, missing codepage or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so /media> dmesg | tail [ 24.300000] sdc: unknown partition table [ 24.320000] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sdc [ 24.370000] usb-storage: device scan complete [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 26.870000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! [ 50.420000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 50.430000] unhashed dentry being revalidated: .DCOPserver_eeepc-brendanma__0 [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs error (device sdc): ext2_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 1 not in group (block 0)! [ 5565.470000] EXT2-fs: group descriptors corrupted! EDIT @Col: results from testdisk Disk /dev/sdc - 8013 MB / 7642 MiB - CHS 1022 247 62 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 After I hit [proceed], it says: Structure: Ok. Keys A: add partition, L: load backup, Enter: to continue The "Structure: Ok." seems reassuring... will "A: add partition" make my old data accessible (if it's still there), or will it make a new, fresh partition? Another option is "[ MBR Code ] Write TestDisk MBR code to first sector" - would it be better to do this? EDIT I found that at least some of my data is still on the flash drive, by using the below, and searching for English text in less (like " the "): cat /dev/sde | tr -cd '\11\12\40\1540-\176' | less (The drive changed from "/dev/sdb" to "/dev/sde" because I connected some extra drives today). I've learnt that "/dev/sde1" would be the first partition; and "/dev/sde" is the whole drive. Because unix treats these devices just like files, you can use all the ordinary unix file commands on them, like cat, and then process them like any other stream of data. The tr above removes non-printable characters ("\40" is space, which I wanted to preserve). In less, you can use "/" to search, similar to Vim. How can I get my data back (assuming it's still there)? If only the partition table is corrupted, is there a standard "partition recovery tool"? Is there a way to "repartition" without deleting everything?

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  • Getting rsync to move file from source to destination ?

    - by fabien-barbier
    Is rsync is a good choice for my project ? I have to : - copy files from source to destination folder via SSH, - be sure all files are copied, - delete source files after copy. - if I have conflict name, I have to rename files. It looks like I can use option : --remove-source-files (to delete source files) But how rsync manage conflict, can I had rules ? Use case on my project : I run scientific calculation on server A and results are inserted in folder "process", for each calculation I have a repository like this : /process/calc1. Now I would like to transfer repository "/calc1" to server B (I get /process/calc1), and delete "calc1" from server A. ...During another calculation I get "/process/calc2" on server A, the idea is also to move "calc2" in "/process/" directory on server B, then I have now on server B : - /process/calc1 - /process/calc2 (and /process/ on server A is empty). How rsync will manage conflict (on server B) if I have another folder like "/process/calc1" in server A after a new calculation (if "/process/calc1" already exist on server B) ? Is it possible to add rules with rsync, and rename "/process/calc1" by "process/calc1R2" in server B ? And so on (ex:calc1R3) ? Thanks.

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  • How to configure mod_proxy_balancer to gracefully fail under high load

    - by bramp
    We have a system which has one Apache instance in front of multiple tomcats. These tomcats then connect to various databases. We balance the load to the tomcat with mod_proxy_balancer. Currently we are receiving 100 requests a second, the load on the Apache server is quite low, but due to database heavy operations on the tomcats, the load there is roughly 25% (of what I estimate they can handle). In a few weeks there is an event happening and we estimate that our requests will jump significant, maybe by a factor of 10. I'm doing everything I can do reduce the load on our tomcats, but I know we are going to run out of capacity, so I would like to fail gracefully. By this I mean, instead of trying to deal with too many connections which all timeout, I would like Apache to somehow monitor average response time, and as soon as the response time to Tomcat is getting above some threshold, I would like a error page displayed. This means that users who are lucky still get a page rendered quickly, and those who are unlucky get a error page quickly. Instead of everyone waiting far too long for their page, and eventually everyone timing out, and the database being swamped with queries which are never used. Hopefully this makes sense, so I was looking for suggestions on how I could achieve this. thanks

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  • How to fill in the network line in the ubuntu interfaces config file?

    - by matnagel
    I have to configure an ubuntu hardy server network interface. The service hoster told me that this is the network data for the machine: IP Range: 111.111.200.74 to 111.111.200.78 Netmask: 255.255.255.248 Broadcast: 111.111.200.79 Gateway: 111.111.200.73 Subnet: 111.111.200.72/29 I am only using the first IP address. I will update the /etc/hosts file with 111.111.200.74, but I am still unsure how the /etc/network/interfaces file should be. This is my plan: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 111.111.200.74 netmask 255.255.255.248 network 111.111.200.??? broadcast 111.111.200.79 gateway 111.111.200.73 As you can see I don't know how to build the network line. How would I calculate the data for the network line and what is the result? (I changed the first 2 octets of the subnet, they are not "111.111" in the real setup.)

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  • Is iptable capable of this or should I go with mod_proxy?

    - by Jesper
    I'm trying to configure my network to receive an incoming connection on one device and then redirect it to another device on a specific port. Right now I'm on about port 80 and a device running apache. The problem I'm facing is that when the forwarding is done it also sets the source ip to the first device instead of the source ip the user that connects to the service has. Let me illustrate it: [Internet User] = 7.7.7.7 connects to [Device 1] = 1.1.1.1:80 [Device 1] forwards it to [Device 2] = 1.1.1.2:80 [Device 2] outputs response that [Internet User] sees So on [Device 2] I will naturally see [Device 1]s IP in the logs, but I wanna see if there is a way to connect the internet user through [Device 1] to [Device 2] while seeing the real source IP in the logs on [Device 2]. Is that possible? My rule-set looks like this at the moment: (on Device 1) iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -j DNAT -p tcp --dport 80 --to-destination 1.1.1.2:80 iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -j SNAT -p tcp -d 1.1.1.2 --to-source 1.1.1.1 On [Device 2] it accepts all incoming on port 80 from [Device 1] as well as accepts all related and established connections. So, would there be any way to get the real source onto [Device 2]? Let me know if you need more information!

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  • Changing Corosync/Heartbeat pair's active node based on MySQL/Galera cluster state

    - by Hace
    Background I'm planning on building a High Availability "cluster" for our Zabbix instance by placing two physical servers in one server room and two in another server room. In each server room one of the physical servers will run Zabbix on RHEL and the other will run Zabbix's MySQL database, also on RHEL. I'd prefer synchronous replication for the MySQL nodes so I'm planning on using Galera in a master-slave configuration. The Zabbix instances on the two Zabbix servers would be controlled by Heartbeat/Corosync (although Red Hat Cluster Suite is also an option...) If the Zabbix server in Server Room A goes down, the one in Server Room B becomes active (and vice versa). Ditto for the MySQL servers/instances. If either of those cases happen, however, the connection between the Zabbix server and the MySQL server becomes significantly slower as ti has to travel over WAN. Question Is it possible to configure the Heartbeat/CoroSync pair to instruct the MySQL/Galera cluster to change the master node to switch to (if available) the one that's in the server room as the active Heartbeat/Corosync -node and (more challengingly) is it possible to do the same in the other direction, i.e have the Galera cluster change the active Heartbeat/CoroSync server to be in the same room as the active MySQL master server in case of a failover in over to avoid unnecessary WAN transfers between the application and its DB? Theories Most likely I can get CoroSync to run something that'd log in to one of the DB nodes to change the MySQL/Galera master but I don't know if it's really possible to do anything similar in the other direction in Galera. Is it possible to define a "service" in CoroSync/Heartbeat so that both the service and its MySQL service would migrate as one if possible. Using the DB server that's behind WAN should still be a better option to DB downtime. Am I just using too many tools to solve a problem that'd be far simpler with something else?

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  • Migrating away from LVM

    - by Kye
    I have an Ubuntu home media server setup with 4.5TB split across a few hard-drives (1x3TB, 2x1TB) and I'm using LVM2 to manage the volumes. I have recently added a 60GB SSD to my server, and I wish to use it to house the 'root' partition of my server (which is currently under the LVM group). I don't want to simply add it to the LVM volume group, because (afaik) there's no way to ensure that the SSD will be used for the root filesystem. If I just throw it at the VG, it may be used to house my media, which would defeat the purpose of having the SSD in the first place. I feel that my only solution is to somehow remove my root partition from the LVM setup and copy it across to the SSD. My boot partition is, of course, not part of the LVM group. My disk setup is as follows: 60GB SSD: EMPTY. 1TB HDD: /boot, LVM space. 1TB HDD: LVM space. 3TB HHD: LVM space. I have a few logical volumes. my root (/), a 'media' volume for my media collection, a backup one for my network backups.etc. Does anyone have any advice as to how to go about this? My end goal is to have the 60GB SSD used for my boot and root partitions, with everything else on the 3TB/1TB/1TB hard-drives.

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