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  • How did we get saddled with the (hierarchical) filesystem as the basic data structure?

    - by user1936
    I'm self-taught and I don't have a CS degree. The more I've been learning about data structure, the more I wonder, in this day and age, how are we still saddled with the filesystem, with directories and files, as the basic data storage structure on the OS? I understand the simplicity of it, but it seems nowadays that there could be more options available natively. As far as I'm aware, the only project to improve the basic functionality of the filesystem was ReiserFS, where you could tell what line of a file was changed by whom, and when. For instance, if I could have native tagging for files, where I could tag images, diagrams, word-processing documents, an entire code repository, all as belonging to a single project, that would really be helpful to me. Since I'm stuck in the filesystem paradigm, I know that I could put all those into a single folder/directory, but what if they already exist in disparate directories, and they need to stay there? I know there are programs out there that can do this, but why aren't they on the filesystem? Something that would be nice to have is some kind of relational feature in the filesystem, like you get with RDBMSes. I understand that that was supposed to be part of Vista/7, but that fell off the feature list too. Sure, any program can store a binary file and have any data structure it wants in it, by why couldn't the OS offer more complex ways of storing data, beyond the simple heirarchy of the filesystem?

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  • installing packages without sudo access

    - by whitman
    Is there an easy way to install packages with a large dependency tree, provided that you don't have superuser access? For instance, say I wanted to install firefox. Firefox has a ton of dependencies, each of which have their own dependencies, etc. Installing these the "./configure; make; make install" way would take forever. Is there an option I can give apt-get to make it install in a personal directory? Or is there a way to hack it to do all the heavy lifting for me?

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  • SSH from Windows Vista to Ubuntu (using cwrsync)

    - by user39141
    Newbie questoin but I can't seem to figure it out. Using cwrsync which in turn calls ssh.exe from a Windows Vista box to Ubuntu. For below, user in ubuntu is 'linuxuser' and user on Windows box is 'winuser' - remote box is 'linuxhost' and windows box is 'winhost' Exported keys such that on the remote box /home/linuxuser/.ssh/authorized_keys is correctly populated. Problem is when I launch ssh it tries to write to /home/winuser/.ssh instead of /cygdrive/home/users/winuser/.ssh as below. c:\Program Files (x86)\cwRsync\binssh linuxuser@linuxhost Could not create directory '/home/winuser/.ssh'. The authenticity of host 'linuxhost (192.168.1.105)' can't be establish ed. RSA key fingerprint is 67:10:a9:49:6e:a3:2b:4a:a0:e0:b7:75:76:da:c3:04. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Host key verification failed.

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  • Adding text to the beginning and end of a number of files?

    - by John Feminella
    I have a number of files in a directory hierarchy. For each file, I'd like to add "abcdef" to the beginning, on its own line, and "ghijkl" to the end, on its own line. For example, if the files initially contained: # one/foo.txt apples bananas # two/three/bar.txt coconuts Then afterwards, I'd expect them to contain: # one/foo.txt abcdef apples bananas ghijkl # two/three/bar.txt abcdef coconuts ghijkl What's the best way to do this? I've gotten as far as: # put stuff at start of file find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/.../abcdef/g' # put stuff at end of file find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/.../ghijkl/g' but I can't seem to figure out how what to put in the ellipses.

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  • How To Export/Import a Website in IIS 7.x

    - by Tray Harrison
    IIS 6 had a great feature called ‘Save Configuration to a File’ which would allow you to easily export a website’s configuration, to be later used to import either on the same server or another box.  This came in handy anytime you wanted to duplicate a site in order to do some testing without impacting the existing application.  So naturally, Microsoft decided to do away with this feature in IIS 7. The process to export/import a site is still fairly simple, though not as obvious as it was in previous versions.  Here are the steps: 1. Open a command prompt and navigate to C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv and run the following command: appcmd list site /name:<sitename> /config /xml > C:\output.xml So if you were wanting to export a website named EAC, you would run the following: If you’ll be setting up another copy of the site on the same server, you’ll now need to edit the output.xml file before importing it.  This is necessary in order to avoid conflicts such as bindings, Site ID, etc.  To do this, edit the XML and change the values.  Go ahead and make a copy of the home directory, and rename it to whatever folder name you specified in the output – /EAC2 in this example.  If you decide to change the app pool, make sure you go ahead and create the new app pool as well. Once these edits have been made, we are now ready to import the site.  To do that run: appcmd add sites /in < c:\output.xml So for our example it would look like this: That’s it.  You should now see your site listed when opening up Inet Manager.  If for some reason the site fails to start, that’s probably because you forgot to create the new app pool or there is a problem with one of the other parameters you changed.  Look at the System log to identify any issues like this.

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  • correct format for datetime appended to filename

    - by jhayes
    I'm trying to setup a batch file to execute a set of stored procs and dump the output to a timestamped text file. I'm having problems finding the correct format for the timestamp. Here is what I'm using osql.exe -S <server> -E -Q "EXEC <stored procedure> " -o "c:\filename_%date:~-0,10%_%time:~-0,10%.txt" The error I get is: Cannot open output file - x:\filename_Thu 06/25/_16:26:43.1.txt No such file or directory I can't find the documentation and I've played around with it but can't find the correct format.

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  • Broken Package on Update Manager

    - by Widy Graycloud
    I dont know what's wrong with my update manager.. It says that the softwares that I installed was broken. Maybe because I force shutdown my laptop, because Ubuntu wont shutdown,showing up desktop wallpaper but not title bar and launcher, but It won't shut down (+that's another bug). I've just update the broken softwares. the size is 60 to 70 MB.. But It doesn't work. Now I cannot update or install any software from Update Manager or Ubuntu Software Center. Can anybody tellme what's wrong? This is what appears when I use Update Manager I use Ubuntu Software Center, and this message appeared I chose repair and when it update the broken softwares using Ubuntu Software Center. It failed. And show up this message. The problem is I can't update or install any program from Ubuntu Software Center and Device Manager anymore. (I closed allprograms include ubuntu software center,and device manager in this case). Some one helpme? I tried to use apt-get install -f in terminal but it shows message like this: E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied) E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

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  • SSH and Latent Connections (e.g., satellite connections)

    - by user71494
    Most of the week I live in the city where I have a typical broadband connection, but most weekends I'm out of town and only have access to a satellite connection. Trying to work over SSH on a satellite connection, while possible, is hardly desirable due to the high latency ( 1 second). My question is this: Is there any software that will do something like buffering keystrokes on my local machine before they're sent over SSH to help make the lag on individual keystrokes a little bit more transparent? Essentially I'm looking for something that would reduce the effects of the high latency for everything except for commands (e.g., opening files, changing to a new directory, etc.). I've already discovered that vim can open remote files locally and rewrite them remotely, but, while this is a huge help, it is not quite what I'm looking for since it only works when editing files, and requires opening a connection every time a read/write occurs. (For anyone who may not know how to do this and is curious, just use this command: 'vim scp://host/file/path/here)

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  • Upgrading to 12.10 on an external hard drive

    - by Tom Childers
    I did some googling on this and didn't find anything specific for my situation. I currently have 12.04 installed on an external USB hard drive. It's working great. I want to upgrade it to 12.10. My bandwidth is very limited so I have a friend who will download 12.10 for me and put it on a flash stik. Then I can upgrade without having to do the download myself. Which particular version of the 12.10 download file(s) should I get? Are there alternate 12.10 downloads that have all the packages? How do I set it up so when I upgrade 12.04 I can specify that it look in some local repository for the 12.10 files? Can I just dump the 12.10 files in some local directory? Or do I have do go thru some complex commands to create a local repository? I'm pretty new to Linux so a long process of complex terminal commands will probably be a show stopper for me. Remember that my 12.04 install resides on an external hard drive. And I have a laptop with multiple USB ports. Thanks! Advait

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  • Secure against c99 and similar shells

    - by Amit Sonnenschein
    I'm trying to secure my server as much as i can without limiting my options, so as a first step i've prevented dangerous functions with php disable_functions = "apache_child_terminate, apache_setenv, define_syslog_variables, escapeshellarg, escapeshellcmd, eval, exec, fp, fput, ftp_connect, ftp_exec, ftp_get, ftp_login, ftp_nb_fput, ftp_put, ftp_raw, ftp_rawlist, highlight_file, ini_alter, ini_get_all, ini_restore, inject_code, mysql_pconnect, openlog, passthru, php_uname, phpAds_remoteInfo, phpAds_XmlRpc, phpAds_xmlrpcDecode, phpAds_xmlrpcEncode, popen, posix_getpwuid, posix_kill, posix_mkfifo, posix_setpgid, posix_setsid, posix_setuid, posix_setuid, posix_uname, proc_close, proc_get_status, proc_nice, proc_open, proc_terminate, shell_exec, syslog, system, xmlrpc_entity_decode" but i'm still fighting directory travel, i can't seems to be able to limit it, by using a shell script like c99 i can travel from my /home/dir to anywhere on the disc. how can i limit it once and for all ?

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  • How do I update the memberOf attributes of existing objects after adding the OpenLDAP Reverse Group Membership Maintenance overlay?

    - by mss
    This is a follow-up to this question: I added the memberof overlay to an existing OpenLDAP 2.4 server. Now I want to update the existing user objects. For new group memberships, the memberOf attribute is updated correctly. But I have a bunch of existing groups which aren't updated automatically. I could remove all users from their groups and re-add them to make sure these entries are in sync. Since this is a Univention Corporate Server which does a lot of magic when you modify the LDAP, I don't want to risk breaking my directory. Is there a way to trick the overlay to update these operational attributes?

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  • How do I add permissions via command line for "everyone" on external HDD

    - by acidzombie24
    I have an external HDD and I kind of messed up the file permissions but when fixing it I thought it is ok bc with my username I can access the files perfectly fine. Now that I use this with two PC (actually ATM I don't have access to my other PC) I can't access these files. The problem is this directory has hundreds of folders with no permission for "everyone". I would like to give it the default permissions including have all access for the user "everyone". How do I do that via command line for these hundreds of folders?

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  • User account automatically filling up with dead.letter file

    - by jeroen
    I have one user account on a server with about 400 accounts that is filling up automatically. The dead.letter file in the users home directory automatically grows until the account is full (about 10 - 40 Mb per day). The user is using Microsoft Outlook to send and receive mail. What can be causing this and how can I avoid it from happening? Right now I have an emergency cron-job to delete the file but I would like "real" solution. Edit: The server version is Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant Update 4) Edit 2: It seems mainly spam and I see different mailer headings (from php to Outlook Express) and a frequent appearing header is [email protected] Update: I have asked the hosting provider where I use that dedicated server to look into the problem as well, as it's their Control Panel that could be a cause of the problem.

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  • Open file in local text editor from within an SSH connection

    - by Sam
    I'm not a vim guy. I'd like to be able to open log files in Sublime Text when in an SSH connection from within Terminal. Is there a way I could do this? I'm thinking there must be a command or something that could copy the file over to a temporary directory in OS X and then open it in Sublime Text, and when I save it, it'll copy back to the original location through SSH; similar to how FileZilla does it. I'm on Mac OS X MT. The server I SSH into is running Ubuntu. I'm using Terminal.

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  • Locked out by changing file permissions

    - by Valeriy
    I just locked my root account (and all other accounts if it matters) completely out of the RHEL 5.4 by changing permissions on every file to 400. Now I have "Permission denied" on any command that I try to run, including chmod itself. Any idea on how to recover? The only access I have to the server is via terminal or SSH. (If anyone cares how it happened, I was running a hardening script and one of the lines was supposed to change permission on some config files in /etc directory. It has couple of variables that had not been set, so the command essentially evaluated to chmod -R 0400 /* Ouch! This is sure a great lesson on checking the scripts even more carefully in the future but what can I do now?

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  • How can I find out what .desktop file is being launched?

    - by iBelieve
    I've used click install and click register to install a click app on Ubuntu (not Ubuntu Touch). The version was 0.5.1. Now, a new version (v0.5.6) is available and I installed it using the same method. I know the new version is installed because the current directory points to 0.5.6: $ ll /opt/click.ubuntu.com/com.ubuntu.developer.mdspencer.ubuntu-tasks/ total 16 drwxr-xr-x 4 clickpkg clickpkg 4096 Oct 18 10:19 ./ drwxr-xr-x 8 clickpkg clickpkg 4096 Sep 13 21:22 ../ drwxr-xr-x 10 clickpkg clickpkg 4096 Sep 13 20:01 0.5.1/ drwxr-xr-x 10 clickpkg clickpkg 4096 Oct 18 10:19 0.5.6/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 clickpkg clickpkg 5 Oct 18 10:19 current -> 0.5.6/ However, when I launch the application from the Dash, the about page still shows v0.5.1. So my question is, how can I find out where the .desktop file that I'm launching resides so I can understand why the correct version isn't being launched? I'm also simply curious to learn where the click .desktop files live. Is there some tool that shows where a given .desktop file is, or is there a way to see the equivalent to $PATH for .desktop files? Note: this is similar to, but not a duplicate of, How to find the .desktop files for pinned applications in the Unity launcher?

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  • Importing orphaned Outlook 2010 OST file

    - by BigBadJock
    I have a problem with Outlook 2010 and OST files. First my exhange hosting company deleted my exchange account by accident. They've created it on another server, but can't get the data back. Now I did make a copy of the \users\name\appdata\local\outlook directory. So I have the original OST files. I decided to switch hosts to Office 365. During this, I stupidly deleted my account from within outlook and recreated it to point to Office 365. And only then did I learn that you can't import from OST files. Edited to clarify: I have a complete backup of the pc. Which folders would I need to restore to ensure that I can get exhange back it's previous state? I'm prepared to to a complete restore if necessary, but would prefer to localise the changes.

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  • Expression web ftp: Stuck at "Listing subsites"

    - by FrankPython
    When I try to use the Expression Web 4 built-in ftp I see the message ""Listing subsites in.." and soon afterward "passive ftp not available". If I switch to active, I get "active ftp not available". There are no subsites. It is a simple directory with one html page. Backend is a normal IIS6 server. FTP to the same IP with other FTP clients works fine! Any idea if Expression web has some specific requirements? It is our own dedicated server. (Please no tips to use another tool, for this specific project Expression Web is a requirement).

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  • Recurring network issues the same time every day.

    - by Peter Turner
    Something has been happening on my company's network at 9:30 every day. I'm not the sysadmin but he's not a ServerFault guy so I'm not privy to every aspect of the network but I can ask questions if follow up is needed. The symptoms are the following : Sluggish network and download speed (I don't notice it, but others do) 3Com phones start ringing without having people on the other end. We've got the following ports exposed to the public for a web server, a few other ports for communicating with our clients for tech support and a VPN. We've got a Cisco ASA blocking everything else. We've got a smallish network (less than 50 computers/vms on at any time). An Active Directory server and a few VM servers. We host our own mail server too. I'm thinking the problem is internal, but what's a good way to figure out where it's coming from?

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  • VSFTPD: Cannot figure this thing out...

    - by A Wizard Did It
    Alright, I've been giving this the best that I can, reading through various tutorials on google, but I cannot seem to get vsftpd running the way I want. For a short while I had it working with one account, but then that stopped and I haven't been able to get it to work since. I've since reformated and reinstall Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. I used apt-get install vsftpd and that's where I am now... I'd really appreciate if anyone could help me understand exactly how this is supposed to work... How do I add FTP accounts and set their home directory to something like /var/www/public_html?

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  • Run Grunt task in Visual Studio Release Build with a bat file

    - by Aligned
    Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Aligned/archive/2014/08/19/run-grunt-task-in-visual-studio-release-build-with-a.aspx 1. Add a BeforeBuild in your csproj file. Edit the xml with a text editor. <Target Name="BeforeBuild"> <Exec Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Release'" Command="script-optimize.bat" /> </Target> 2. Create the script-optimize.batREM "%~dp0" maps to the directory where this file exists cd %~dp0\..\YourProjectFolder call npm uninstall grunt call npm uninstall grunt call npm install --cache-min 604800 -g grunt-cli call npm install --cache-min 604800 grunt typescript requirejs copy less:compile less:mincompileThis grunt command will compile typescript, run the requireJs optimizer, complie and minimize less.3. Make it use the minified code when the Web.config compilation debug is set to false <!-- These CustomCollectFiles actions are used so that the Scripts-Release folder/files are included        when publishing even though they are not project references -->  <Target Name="CustomCollectFiles">    <ItemGroup>      <_CustomFiles Include="Scripts-Release\**\*" />  </ItemGroup>  </Target> That should be all you need to get a Grunt task to minify and combine JS (plus other tasks) in Visual Studio Release build with debug = false. This is a great video of Steve Sanderson talking about SPAs, npm, Knockout, Grunt, Gulp, ect. I highly recommend it.

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  • Is it possible to avoid umask 0002?

    - by Anatoly
    Is it possible to give an automatic ability to modify files(folders and all recursively) created by one user to another within one specified folder (let's say "shared") on the basis of both users belonging to the same secondary group (let's say "coworkers")? I've tried to achieve this by using ACL but with no success. Seems that umask wipes out corresponding bits.... I'm on FreeBSD 8.1 (but seems this problem is actual for other *NIX systems). Googling this problem (people often refer to it as "umask per directory" problem) gives the most relevant link: http://old.nabble.com/ACLs,-umask-and-shared-directories-td27820947.html that is not very promising... Want to ask ServerFault community - is it possible at all?

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  • Can't find new.h - getting gcc-4.2 on Quantal?

    - by Suyo
    I've been trying to compile the Valve Source SDK (2007) on my machine, but I keep running into the same error: In file included from ../public/tier1/interface.h:50:0, from ../utils/serverplugin_sample/serverplugin_empty.cpp:13: ../public/tier0/platform.h:46:17: new.h: No such file or directory I'm pretty new to C++ coding and compiling, but using apt-file search I tried to use every single suggestion for the required files in the Makefile (libstdc++.a and libgcc_eh.a), and none worked. I then found a note in the Makefile saying gcc 4.2.2 is recommended - I assume the older code won't work with the newer version, but gcc-4.2 is unavailable in 12.10. So my question/s is/are: If my assumption is right - how do I get gcc 4.2.2 on Quantal? If my assumption is wrong - what else could be the problem here? Relevant portion of the Makefile: # compiler options (gcc 3.4.1 will work - 4.2.2 recommended) CC=/usr/bin/gcc CPLUS=/usr/bin/g++ CLINK=/usr/bin/gcc CPP_LIB="/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/libstdc++.a /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.6/libgcc_eh.a" # GCC 4.2.2 optimization flags, if you're using anything below, don't use these! OPTFLAGS=-O1 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -fforce-addr -funroll-loops -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -frerun-cse-after-loop -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschedule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-overflow -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre -finline-functions -funswitch-loops -fgcse-after-reload #OPTFLAGS= # put any compiler flags you want passed here USER_CFLAGS=-m32

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  • linux intrusion detection software

    - by Sam Hammamy
    I have an Ubuntu VPS that I use for practice and deploying prototypes as I am a python developer. I recently started teaching my self sys admin tasks, like installing OpenLDAP. I happened to turn off the ufw firewall for just a minute, and when I ran an netstat command, I saw a foreign ip connected to ssh that I traced to china. I'd like to know a few things: 1) Is there any good network intrusion detection software, such that if any IP that's outside a specific range connects to the VPN, I can be notified? -- I am thinking about scripting this, but I'm pretty sure there's something useful out there and I believe in the wisdom of crowds. 2) How did this person gain access to my server? Is it because my firewall was down? Or is it because they browsed my LDAP directory and from there figured out a way to connect (there was a clear text password in the tree but it wasn't one used by the server's sshd)?

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  • Determine which version of linux/unix/darwin I have

    - by John
    I have root ssh/terminal access to a linux server. How do I determine which version of centos I have? Some people suggested I run the command cat /etc/redhat-release but I got an error saying file not found. In fact, i'm not entirely sure i'm even using CentOS. That's what some suggested it might be. Here's a list of commands I tried that gave me no file or directory error: cat /etc/*release* cat /etc/*version* cat /proc/*version* cat /proc/*release* Here's a list of linux commands that do not exist: lsb_release: command not found wget: command not found yum: command not found

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