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• What are some ways to separate game logic from animations and the draw loop?

  - by TMV

  I have only previously made flash games, using MovieClips and such to separate out my animations from my game logic. Now I am getting into trying my hand at making a game for Android, but the game programming theory around separating these things still confuses me. I come from a background of developing non game web applications so I am versed in more MVC like patterns and am stuck in that mindset as I approach game programming. I want to do things like abstract my game by having, for example, a game board class that contains the data for a grid of tiles with instances of a tile class that each contain properties. I can give my draw loop access to this and have it draw the game board based on the properties of each tile on the game board, but I don't understand where exactly animation should go. As far as I can tell, animation sort of sits between the abstracted game logic (model) and the draw loop (view). With my MVC mindset, it's frustrating trying to decide where animation is actually supposed to go. It would have quite a bit of data associated with it like a model, but seemingly needs to be very closely coupled with the draw loop in order to have things like frame independent animation. How can I break out of this mindset and start thinking about patterns that make more sense for games?

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• Is it safe to set FPS rate to a constant?

  - by Ozan

  I learned from game class that in update function, every movements must be time dependent for the sake of linearity in movement. We made a simple game. Every move like going left, right or jump is written time dependent. But, in some other computers, our game is worked very differently. For example, our character jumps higher than it should be. I guess this is because each computer has different FPS rate according to its specification. My question is that what should we do to make this game work in same way in every computer? Setting FPS rate to a constant is a solution?

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• Grid Based Lighting in XNA/Monogame

  - by sm81095

  I know that questions like this have been asked many times, but I have not found one exactly like this yes. I have implemented a top-down grid based world in Monogame, and am starting on the lighting system soon. How I want to do lighting is to have a grid that is 4 times wider and higher, basically splitting each world tile into a 4x4 system of "subtiles". I would like to use a flow like system to spread light across the tiles by reducing the light by a small amount each time. This is kind of the effect I was going for: http://i.imgur.com/rv8LCxZ.png The black grid lines are the light grid, and the red lines are the actual tile grid, and the light drop-off is very exaggerated. I plan to render the world by drawing the unlit grid to a separate RenderTarget2D, then rendering the lighting grid to a separate target and overlaying the two. Basically, my questions are: What would be the algorithm for a flow style lighting system like this? Would there be a more efficient way of rendering this? How would I handle the darkening of the light with colors, reducing the RGB values in each grid, or reducing the alpha in each grid, assuming that I render the light map over the grid using blending? Even assuming the former are possible, what BlendState would I use for that?

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• 2D Ragdoll - should it collide with itself?

  - by Axarydax

  Hi, I'm working on a ragdoll fighting game as a hobby project, but I have one dilemma. I am not sure if my ragdoll should collide with itself or not, i.e. if ragdoll's body parts should collide. 2D world is somewhat different than 3D, because there are several layers of stuff implied (for example in Super Mario you jump through a platform above you while going up). The setup I'm currently most satisfied with is when only the parts which are joined by a joint don't collide, so head doesn't collide with neck, neck with chest, chest with upper arm etc, but the head can collide with chest, arms, legs. I've tried every different way, but I'm not content with either. Which way would recommend me to go?

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• Player & Level class structure in 2D python console game?

  - by Markus Meskanen

  I'm trying to create a 2D console game, where I have a player who can freely move around in a level (~map, but map is a reserved keyword) and interfere with other objects. Levels construct out of multiple Blocks, such as player(s), rocks, etc. Here's the Block class: class Block(object): def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, char=' ', solid=False): self.x = x self.y = y self.char = char self.solid = solid As you see, each block has a position (x, y) and a character to represent the block when it's printed. Each block also has a solid attribute, defining whether it can overlap with other solids or not. (Two solid blocks cannot overlap) I've now created few subclasses from Block (Rock might be useless for now) class Rock(Block): def __init__(self, x=0, y=0): super(Rock, self).__init__(x, y, 'x', True) class Player(Block): def __init__(self, x=0, y=0): super(Player, self).__init__(x, y, 'i', True) def move_left(self, x=1): ... # How do I make sure Player wont overlap with rocks? self.x -= x And here's the Level class: class Level(object): def __init__(self, name='', blocks=None): self.name = name self.blocks = blocks or [] Only way I can think of is to store a Player instance into Level's attributes (self.player=Player(), or so) and then give Level a method: def player_move_left(self): for block in self.blocks: if block.x == self.player.x - 1 and block.solid: return False But this doesn't really make any sense, why have a Player class if it can't even be moved without Level? Imo. player should be moved by a method inside Player. Am I wrong at something here, if not, how could I implement such behavior?

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• Spherical to Cartesian Coordinates

  - by user1258455

  Well I'm reading the Frank's Luna DirectX10 book and, while I'm trying to understand the first demo, I found something that's not very clear at least for me. In the updateScene method, when I press A, S, W or D, the angles mTheta and mPhi change, but after that, there are three lines of code that I don't understand exactly what they do: // Convert Spherical to Cartesian coordinates: mPhi measured from +y // and mTheta measured counterclockwise from -z. float x = 5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*sinf(mTheta); float z = -5.0f*sinf(mPhi)*cosf(mTheta); float y = 5.0f*cosf(mPhi); I mean, this explains that they do, it says that it converts the spherical coordinates to cartesian coordinates, but, mathematically, why? why the x value is calculated by the product of the sins of both angles? And the z by the product of the sine and cosine? and why the y just uses the cosine? After that, those values (x, y and z) are used to build the view matrix. The book doesn't explain (mathematically) why those values are calculated like that (and I didn't find anything to help me to understand it at the first Part of the book: "Mathematical prerequisites"), so it would be good if someone could explain me what exactly happen in those code lines or just give me a link that helps me to understand the math part. Thanks in advance!

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• Transform 3d viewport vector to 2d vector

  - by learning_sam

  I am playing around with 3d transformations and came along an issue. I have a 3d vector already within the viewport and need to transform it to a 2d vector. (let's say my screen is 10x10) Does that just straight works like regualar transformation or is something different here? i.e.: I have the vector a = (2, 1, 0) within the viewport and want the 2d vector. Does that works like this and if yes how do I handle the "0" within the 3rd component?

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• Including Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Touch in a project?

  - by steven_desu

  So after running through tutorials by both Microsoft and www.xnadevelopment.com I feel very confident in my ability to get to work on my first game using the XNA Framework. I've manipulated sprites, added audio, changed game states, and even went a step further to apply the knowledge I had and figure out how to make animations and basic 2-dimensional physics (including impulses, force, acceleration, and speed calculations) But then shortly into the project I hit a curious bump that I've been unable to figure out. In wanting to implement menus, pause screens, and several different aspects of play (a "pre-level" prep screen, the level itself, and a screen after the level to review how well you did) I took a look at Microsoft's Game State Management sample. I understood the concept, although it was admittedly quite a lot to take in. Not wanting to recreate the entire concept by scratch (after all- what purpose would that serve?) I tried copying and pasting the sample code into my own ScreenManager class (as well as InputState and GameScreen classes) to try and borrow their ingenuity. When I did this, however, my project stopped compiling. I was getting the following error: The type or namespace name 'Touch' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input' (are you missing an assembly reference?) Having read through their sample code already, I realized that this namespace and every function and class within it could be safely ripped from the code without losing functionality. It's a namespace simply for integrating with touchscreen devices (presumably Windows Phone 7, but maybe also tablets). But then I began to wonder- how come Microsoft's sample compiled but mine didn't? I copied their code exactly so there must be a setting somewhere that I need to change in Visual Studio in order to correct this. I tried creating a new project as a Windows Phone 7 game rather than a Windows game, however that only forced it to compile to a Windows Phone emulator and denied me the ability to change the resolution and other features which I clearly had the power to do in the sample code. So my question is simple - how do I properly use the namespace Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Touch?

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• DirectX 9.0c and C++ GUI

  - by SullY

  Well, I'm trying to code a gui for my engine, but I've got some problems. I know how to make a UI overlay but buttons are still black magic for me. Anything I tried was to compilcated ( if it goes big ). To Example I tried to look if the mouse position is the same as the Pixel that is showing the button. But If I use some bigger areas it's getting to complicated. Now I'm searching for a Tutorial how to implement your own gui. I'm really confused about it. Well I hope you have/ know some good tutorials. By the way, I took a look at the DXUTSample, but it's to big to get overview.

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• Is an in-app purchase required to unlock game in order to bypass pirating acceptable?

  - by digitaljoel

  I'm considering writing a mobile game and looking at distribution. The game will have a server requirement, which means I will have to pay for bandwidth, hosting, processor time, etc. Because of that I'll need to make at least a little money off this thing. According to the press piracy is rampant in the android community. To get around this, I'm thinking of implementing a simple model where the game is free, perhaps allowing play for X number of turns or something, and then requiring an in-app purchase to continue to play. I would clearly explain this in the app description, and the in-app purchase would be managed per account so it would be linked to your google play account so you wouldn't have to re-purchase every time you get a new device. Would gamers accept this model or see it as unreasonable?

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• What is a right datatype in C++ for OpenGL scene representation with use of GLSL

  - by Rarach

  I am programming in C++ OpenGl with GLSL. Until now I have been using a data structure that is composed of std::vector filled with structures of vertexes and with their parameters (position , normal, color ...) as a global variable for all the code. My question is, as I am using VBOs for drawing - is this a good approach to this problem? I am asking because I happen to have a lot of memory related trouble with this structure. I am trying to generate a terrain with a lot of vertices - more than 1 million. This seems to work, but as I refill the buffer I get memory related issues (crushes that occur, more or less randomly). So again the question is, is this a good data structure to use / and look for the faults in my code, or should I change to something else? Or what data structure would be advisable?

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• Cocos2d: Adding a CCSequence to a CCArray

  - by Axort

  I have a problem with an action performed by a sprite. I have one CCSequence in a CCArray and I have an scheduled method (is called every 5 seconds) that make the sprite run the action. The action is performed correctly only the first time (the first 5 seconds), after that, the action do whatever it wants lol. Here is the code: In .h - @interface PowerUpLayer : CCLayer { PowerUp *powerUp; CCArray *trajectories; } @property (nonatomic, retain) CCArray *trajectories; In .mm - @implementation PowerUpLayer @synthesize trajectories; -(id)init { if((self = [super init])) { [self createTrajectories]; self.isTouchEnabled = YES; [self schedule:@selector(spawn:) interval:5]; } return self; } -(void)createTrajectories { self.trajectories = [CCArray arrayWithCapacity:1]; //Wave trajectory ccBezierConfig firstWave, secondWave; firstWave.controlPoint_1 = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width + 30, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height / 2);//powerUp.sprite.position.x, powerUp.sprite.position.y); firstWave.controlPoint_2 = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width - ([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width / 4), 0); firstWave.endPosition = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width / 2, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height / 2); secondWave.controlPoint_1 = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width / 2, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height / 2); secondWave.controlPoint_2 = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width / 4, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height); secondWave.endPosition = CGPointMake(-30, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height / 2); id bezierWave1 = [CCBezierTo actionWithDuration:1 bezier:firstWave]; id bezierWave2 = [CCBezierTo actionWithDuration:1 bezier:secondWave]; id waveTrajectory = [CCSequence actions:bezierWave1, bezierWave2, [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(setInvisible:)], nil]; [self.trajectories addObject:waveTrajectory]; //[powerUp.sprite runAction:bezierForward]; // [CCMoveBy actionWithDuration:3 position:CGPointMake(-[[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width - powerUp.sprite.contentSize.width, 0)] //[powerUp.sprite runAction:[CCSequence actions:bezierWave1, bezierWave2, [CCCallFuncN actionWithTarget:self selector:@selector(setInvisible:)], nil]]; } -(void)setInvisible:(id)sender { if(powerUp != nil) { [self removeChild:sender cleanup:YES]; powerUp = nil; } } This is the scheduled method: -(void)spawn:(ccTime)dt { if(powerUp == nil) { powerUp = [[PowerUp alloc] initWithType:0]; powerUp.sprite.position = CGPointMake([[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].width + powerUp.sprite.contentSize.width, [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize].height / 2); [self addChild:powerUp.sprite z:-1]; [powerUp.sprite runAction:((CCSequence *)[self.trajectories objectAtIndex:0])]; } } I don't know what is happening; I never modify the content of the CCSequence after the first time. Thanks!

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• Making a new instantiated prefab as a child for existing GameObject

  - by Akari

  I've been searched about how to make these fruit to move as the basket movement if it collided with it, and I've been found that if I want to perform this I've to let these fruit to be a child to the basket game object .. for example : banana.transform.parent = basket.transform; banana and basket each of them of type "GameObject" ... BUT unfortunately this way didn't work !! and I don't know why ?? So now I need to know if it is possible to destroy the banana if a collision with the basket happened and instantiate a new banana in the basket as a child at run time ?!! I need to try this stupid way because I've tried all the other ways and nothing worked :(

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• Octrees as data structure

  - by Christian Frantz

  In my cube world, I want to use octrees to represent my chunks of 20x20x20 cubes for frustum and occlusion culling. I understand how octrees work, I just dont know if I'm going about this the right way. My base octree class is taken from here: http://www.xnawiki.com/index.php/Octree What I'm wondering is how to apply occlusion culling using this class. Does it make sense to have one octree for each cube chunk? Or should I make the octree bigger? Since I'm using cubes, each cube should fit into a node without overlap so that won't be an issue

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• Efficient path-finding in free space

  - by DeadMG

  I've got a game situated in space, and I'd like to issue movement orders, which requires pathfinding. Now, it's my understanding that A* and such mostly apply to trees, and not empty space which does not have pathfinding nodes. I have some obstacles, which are currently expressed as fixed AABBs- that is, there is no unbounded "terrain" obstacle. In addition, I expect most obstacles to be reasonably approximable as cubes or spheres. So I've been thinking of applying a much simpler pathfinding algorithm- that is, simply cast a ray from the current position to the target position, and then I can get a list of obstacles using spatial partitioning relatively quickly. What I'm not so sure about is how to determine the part where the ordered unit manoeuvres around the obstacles. What I've been thinking so far is that I will simply use potential fields- that is, all units will feel a strong repulsive force away from each other and a moderate force towards the desired point. This also has the advantage that to issue group orders, I can simply order a mid-level force towards another entity. But this obviously won't achieve the optimal solution. Will potential fields achieve a reasonable approximation given my parameters, or do I need another solution?

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• Nifty popup fails to register

  - by Snailer

  I'm new to Nifty GUI, so I'm following a tutorial here for making popups. For now, I'm just trying to get a very basic "test" popup to show, but I get multiple errors and none of them make much sense. To show a popup, I believe it is necessary to first have a Nifty Screen already showing, which I do. So here is the ScreenController for the working Nifty Screen: public class WorkingScreen extends AbstractAppState implements ScreenController { //Main is my jme SimpleApplication private Main app; private Nifty nifty; private Screen screen; public WorkingScreen() {} public void equip(String slotstr) { int slot = Integer.valueOf(slotstr); System.out.println("Equipping item in slot "+slot); //Here's where it STOPS working. app.getPlayer().registerPopupScreen(nifty); System.out.println("Registered new popup"); Element ele = nifty.createPopup(app.getPlayer().POPUP); System.out.println("popup is " +ele); nifty.showPopup(nifty.getCurrentScreen(), ele.getId(), null); } @Override public void initialize(AppStateManager stateManager, Application app) { super.initialize(stateManager, app); this.app = (Main)app; } @Override public void update(float tpf) { /** jME update loop! */ } public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) { this.nifty = nifty; this.screen = screen; } When I call equip(0) the system prints Equipping item in slot 0, then a lot of errors and none of the subsequent println()'s. Clearly it botches somewhere in Player.registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty). Here's the method: public final String POPUP = "Test Popup"; public void registerPopupScreen(Nifty nifty) { System.out.println("Attempting new popup"); PopupBuilder b = new PopupBuilder(POPUP) {{ childLayoutCenter(); backgroundColor("#000a"); panel(new PanelBuilder() {{ id("List"); childLayoutCenter(); height(percentage(75)); width(percentage(50)); control(new ButtonBuilder("TestButton") {{ label("TestButton"); width("120px"); height("40px"); align(Align.Center); }}); }}); }}; System.out.println("PopupBuilder success."); b.registerPopup(nifty); System.out.println("Registerpopup success."); } Because that first println() doesn't show, it looks like this method isn't even called at all! Edit After removing all calls on the Player object, the popup works. It seems I'm not "allowed" to access the player from the ScreenController. Unfortunate, since I need information on the player for the popup. Is there a workaround?

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• Client side prediction/simulation Question

  - by Legendre

  I found a related question but it doesn't have what I needed. Client A sends input to move at T0. Server receives input at T1. All clients receive the change at T2. Question: With client-side prediction, client A would start moving at T0, client-side. All other clients receive the change at T2, so to them, client A only started moving at T2. If I understand correctly, client B will always see client A's past position and not his current position? How do I sync both client B and client A?

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• Determine how to display a tile based on surrounding tiles

  - by Jsmith

  I have a game engine which generates maps randomly, set on a 2d grid which is composed of 34px square graphical tiles. These tiles can be displayed in any of three ways, wall, corner, and floor(exists in 2 states, passable and impassible), and four directions, north, south, west and east. What I need to do is, based on the tiles around each individual tile, determine which state to display the tile in, e.g. north wall, northeast corner, floor so that when a player alters the map, the tiles around the affected tile adjust themselves to suit(i.e. tunneling). In case it becomes important, all gameobjects are inherited from the same class, whether they be players, NPC's, walls, or items.

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• Storing a Hex Grid

  - by Pedro Caetano

  I've been creating a small hex grid framework for Unity3D and have come to the following dilema. This is my coordinate system (taken from here) Link because I'm a new user It all works pretty nicely except for the fact I have no idea how to store it. I originally intended to store this in a 2D array and use images to generate my maps. One problem was that it had negative values (this was easily fixed by offsetting the coordinates a bit). However, due to this coordinate system, such an image or bitmap would have to be diamond shaped - and since these structures are square shaped, this would cause a lot of headaches even if I hack something together. Is there anything I'm missing that could fix this? I recall seeing a forum post regarding this in the unity forums but I can no longer find the link. Is writing a set of coordinate translators the best solution here? If you guys think it would be helpful, I can post code and images of my problem.

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• Problems when rendering code on Nvidia GPU

  - by 2am

  I am following OpenGL GLSL cookbook 4.0, I have rendered a tesselated quad, as you see in the screenshot below, and i am moving Y coordinate of every vertex using a time based sin function as given in the code in the book. This program, as you see on the text in the image, runs perfectly on built in Intel HD graphics of my processor, but i have Nvidia GT 555m graphics in my laptop, (which by the way has switchable graphics) when I run the program on the graphic card, the OpenGL shader compilation fails. It fails on following instruction.. pos.y = sin.waveAmp * sin(u); giving error Error C1105 : Cannot call a non-function I know this error is coming on the sin(u) function which you see in the instruction. I am not able to understand why? When i removed sin(u) from the code, the program ran fine on Nvidia card. Its running with sin(u) fine on Intel HD 3000 graphics. Also, if you notice the program is almost unusable with intel HD 3000 graphics, I am getting only 9FPS, which is not enough. Its too much load for intel HD 3000. So, sin(X) function is not defined in the OpenGL specification given by Nvidia drivers or something else??

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• Box2dWeb positioning relative to HTML5 Canvas

  - by Joe

  I'm new with HTML5 canvas and Box2DWeb and I'm trying to make an Asteroids game. So far I think I'm doing okay, but one thing I'm struggling to comprehend is how positioning works in relation to the canvas. I understand that Box2DWeb is only made to deal with physical simulation, but I don't know how to deal with positioning on the canvas. The canvas is 100% viewport and thus can vary size. I want to fill the screen with some asteroids, but if I hardcore certain values such as bodyDef.position.x = Math.random() * 50; the asteroid may appear off canvas for someone with a smaller screen? Can anybody help me understand how I can deal with relative positioning on the canvas?

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• How to implement the setup rules like Clash of Clan?

  - by user25959

  Now I'm already implement the setup build rules which the building could move by unit grid width and height. But the validation detection is poor efficiency. The algorithm cost me 10~12(ms) in average when I move the building. Here is my approach to that: 1.Basic Grid, it is a two dimensional array. Grid[row][column], so that I can save info for each grid. Like whether is it in occupied or excluded. 2.Exclude Space, this is a space which limit same building numbers in space.

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• Get Final output from UDK

  - by EmAdpres

  ( sorry for my bad english in advance :D ) I'm trying to get a .exe setup output, from my UDK !( with my own maps and scripts which I made within MyGame) I tried UnrealFrontEnd! But It made a setup , that after installation I can see my .udk maps, my packages and etc. But It's not a real output that I can show to my customers. I don't want, other can use my resources ! So... How can I get a binary-like output from UDK as a real Game-Output ? ( like what we see in all commercial games ) Is there any option in frontend that I missed ?

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  Hi. I've read lots of articles about DOD and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OO interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• "Time Control" in a 2d Platformer

  - by Woody Zantzinger

  I am making a 2d platformer where the player can press a button, and restart the level, only their previous character will also run the level at the same time, like they are traveling back in time. I know other games have done this before, and the way I have thought of doing it is to make the game character have a set of actions (Idle, Jumping, Walking Left etc.) and then detect changes in those actions and log them into a list along with the game time. So then when I need the character to run the level again on its own, I can just go through the list changing its actions at the right time. Is this the best way to do it? Does anyone have any experience in this? Thanks.

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