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  • How can I make permanent death in a MUD seem acceptable and fair to players?

    - by Luke Laupheimer
    I have considered writing a MUD for years, and I have a lot of ideas my friends think are really cool (and that's how I'd hope to get anywhere -- word of mouth). Thing is, there's one thing I have always wanted, that my friends and strangers hated: permanent death. Now, the emotional response I get to this is visceral revulsion, every time. I'm pretty sure I am the only person that wants this, or if I'm not, I'm a tiny minority. Now, the reason I want it is because I want the actions of the players to matter. Unlike a lot of other MUDs, which have a set of static city-states and social institutions etc, I want the things my players do, should I get any, to actually change the situation. And that includes killing people. If you kill someone, you didn't send them to time out, you killed them. What happens when you kill people? They go away. They don't come back in half an hour to smack talk you some more. They're gone. Forever. By making death non-permanent, you make death not matter. It would be similar if a climax to a character's arc is getting a speeding ticket. It cheapens it. Non-permanent death cheapens death. How can I: 1) Convince my players (and random people!) that this is actually a good idea?, or 2) Find some other way to make death and violence matter as much as it does in real life (except within the game, of course) sans character deletion? What alternatives are there out there?

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  • How can I support the creation and rendering of both interior and exterior environments?

    - by Nick
    Say I already have a renderer that can support outdoor terrain and environment rendering. How would I go about adding support for interior environments (for example, like World of Warcraft's dungeons) to my game? I'm interested both in how I should fit the interiors into my content creation process (for example, I thought about leaving holes in the terrain mesh into which I can "paste" the interior dungeon mesh at runtime) and how to render them (it seems like I'd want a different rendering flow other than a blended texture rendering phase that terrain uses).

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  • My GLSL shader isn't compiling even though it should. What should I investigate?

    - by reapz
    I'm porting an iOS game to Android. One of the shaders I'm using wouldn't compile until I reduced the number of uniform variables. Here are the uniform definitions: uniform highp mat4 ViewProjMatrix; uniform mediump vec3 LightDirWorld; uniform mediump int BoneCount; uniform highp mat4 BoneMatrixArray[8]; uniform highp mat3 BoneMatrixArrayIT[8]; uniform mediump int LightCount; uniform mediump vec3 LightPos[4]; // This used to be 12, but now 4, next lines also uniform lowp vec3 LightColour[4]; uniform mediump vec3 LightInnerOuterFalloff[4]; My issue is that the GLSL shader wouldn't compile until I reduced the count of the above arrays from 12 to 4. My understanding is that if those 3 lines were arrays of 12 then I would be using 56 vertex uniform vectors. I query the system at startup (GL_MAX_VERTEX_UNIFORM_VECTORS) and it says that 128 are available. Why wouldn't it compile with 56? I'm having issues on the Kindle Fire.

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  • Multiplayer online game engine/pipeline

    - by Slav
    I am implementing online multiplayer game where client must be written in AS3 (Flash) to embed game into browser and server in C++ (abstract part of which is already written and used with other games). Networking models may differ from each other, but currently I'm looking toward game's logic run on both client and server parts but they're written on different languages while it's not the main problem. My previous game (pretty big one - was implemented with efforts of ~5 programmers in 1.5 years) was mainly "written" within electronic tables as structured objects with implemented inheritance: was written standalone tool which generated AS3 and C++ (languages of platforms to which the game was published) using specified electronic tables file (.xls or .ods). That file contained ~50 tables with ~50 rows and ~50 columns each and was mainly written by game designers which do not know any programming languages. But that game was single-player. Having declared problem with my currently implementing MMO, I'm looking toward some vast pipeline, where will be resolved such problems like: game objects descriptions (which starships exist within game, how much HP they have, how fast move, what damage deal...) actions descriptions (what players or NPCs can do: attack each other, collect resources, build structures, move, teleport, cast spells) - actions are transmitted through server between clients influences (what happens when specified action applied on specified object, e.i "Ship A attacked Ship B: field "HP" of Ship B reduced by amount of field "damage" of Ship A" Influences can be much more difficult, yes, e.i. "damage is twice it's size when Ship has =5 allies around him in a 200 units range during night" and so on. If to be able to write such logic within some "design document" it will be easily possible to: let designers to do their job without programmer's intervention or any bug-prone programming validate described logic transfer (transform, convert) to any programming language where it will be executed Did somebody worked on something like that? Is there some tools/engines/pipelines which concernes with it? How to handle all of this problems simultaneously in a best way or do I properly imagine my tasks and problems to myself?

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  • View Frustum Alternative

    - by Kuros
    I am working on a simulation project that requires me to have entities walking around in a 3D world. I have all that working, matrix transformations, etc. I'm at the point where I need what is essentially a view frustum, so I can give each entity a visible area. However, when looking over the calculations required to do it, it seems like a perspective frustum is only required to be able to project it onto a 2D screen. Is there another, easier to code solution, that would function better, such as an orthogonal perspective? Could I just define a shape mathematically and test wether the coordinates of the objects are inside or out? I am not really a 3D coder (and I am doing this all from scratch, not using an engine or anything), so I would like the simplest solution possible for my needs. Thank you!

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  • How does this snippet of code create a ray direction vector?

    - by Isaac Waller
    In the Minecraft source code, this code is used to create a direction vector for a ray from pitch and yaw:' float f1 = MathHelper.cos(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f3 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationYaw * 0.01745329F - 3.141593F); float f5 = -MathHelper.cos(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); float f7 = MathHelper.sin(-rotationPitch * 0.01745329F); return Vec3D.createVector(f3 * f5, f7, f1 * f5); I was wondering how it worked, and what is the constant 0.01745329F?

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  • What kind of physics to choose for our arcade 3D MMO?

    - by Nick
    We're creating an action MMO using Three.js (WebGL) with an arcadish feel, and implementing physics for it has been a pain in the butt. Our game has a terrain where the character will walk on, and in the future 3D objects (a house, a tree, etc) that will have collisions. In terms of complexity, the physics engine should be like World of Warcraft. We don't need friction, bouncing behaviour or anything more complex like joints, etc. Just gravity. I have managed to implement terrain physics so far by casting a ray downwards, but it does not take into account possible 3D objects. Note that these 3D objects need to have convex collisions, so our artists create a 3D house and the player can walk inside but can't walk through the walls. How do I implement proper collision detection with 3D objects like in World of Warcraft? Do I need an advanced physics engine? I read about Physijs which looks cool, but I fear that it may be overkill to implement that for our game. Also, how does WoW do it? Do they have a separate raycasting system for the terrain? Or do they treat the terrain like any other convex mesh? A screenshot of our game so far:

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  • Procedural Planets, Heightmaps and Textures

    - by henryprescott
    I am currently working on an OpenGL procedural planet generator. I hope to use it for a space RPG, that will not allow players to go down to the surface of a planet so I have ignored anything ROAM related. At the moment I am drawing a cube with VBOs and mapping onto a sphere. I am familiar with most fractal heightmap generating techniques and have already implemented my own version of midpoint displacement (not that useful in this case I know). My question is, what is the best way to procedurally generate the heightmap. I have looked at libnoise which allows me to make tilable heightmaps/textures, but as far as I can see I would need to generate a net like this. Leaving the tiling obvious. Could anyone advise me on the best route to take? Any input would be much appreciated.

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  • Collision checking problem on a Tiled map

    - by nosferat
    I'm working on a pacman styled dungeon crawler, using the free oryx sprites. I've created the map using Tiled, separating the floor, walls and treasure in three different layers. After importing the map in libGDX, it renders fine. I also added the player character, for now it just moves into one direction, the player cannot control it yet. I wanted to add collision and I was planning to do this by checking if the player's new position is on a wall tile. Therefore as you can see in the following code snippet, I get the tile type of the appropriate tile and if it is not zero (since on that layer there is nothing except the wall tile) it is a collision and the player cannot move further: final Vector2 newPos = charController.move(warrior.getX(), warrior.getY()); if(!collided(newPos)) { warrior.setPosition(newPos.x, newPos.y); warrior.flip(charController.flipX(), charController.flipY()); } [..] private boolean collided(Vector2 newPos) { int row = (int) Math.floor((newPos.x / 32)); int col = (int) Math.floor((newPos.y / 32)); int tileType = tiledMap.layers.get(1).tiles[row][col]; if (tileType == 0) { return false; } return true; } The character only moves one tile with this code: If I reduce the col value by two it two more tiles. I think the problem will be around indexing, but I'm totally confused because the zero in the coordinate system of libGDX is in the bottom left corner of the screen, and I don't know the tiles array's indexing is similair or not. The size of the map is 19x21 tiles and looks like the following (the starting position of the player is marked with blue:

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  • How to perform simple collision detection?

    - by Rob
    Imagine two squares sitting side by side, both level with the ground like so: A simple way to detect if one is hitting the other is to compare the location of each side. They are touching if all of the following are false: The right square's left side is to the right of the left square's right side. The right square's right side is to the left of the left square's left side. The right square's bottom side is above the left square's top side. The right square's top side is below the left square's bottom side. If any of those are true, the squares are not touching. But consider a case like this, where one square is at a 45 degree angle: Is there an equally simple way to determine if those squares are touching?

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  • Switching songs - MediaPlayer lags the game

    - by Fibericon
    When the player encounters a boss in the game I'm working on, I want to have the music change. It seems simple enough with the MediaPlayer class to fade out the current song, switch to another, and then fade the new song in. However, at the point where the second song starts, the game freezes for a split second. The songs in question aren't particularly large either - the first song is 1.7mb and the second song is 3.1mb, both mp3 format. This is the code I'm using to do it: protected void switchSong(GameTime gameTime) { if (!bossSongPlaying) { MediaPlayer.Volume -= ((float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds/10); if (MediaPlayer.Volume < 0.05f) { MediaPlayer.Play(bossSong); MediaPlayer.Volume = 1.0f; bossSongPlaying = true; } } } What can I do to eliminate that momentary hang?

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  • What are the different ways to texture a terrain?

    - by ApocKalipsS
    I'm working with XNA on a 3D Game, and I'm trying to have a proper and nice environnement. I actually followed a tutorial to create a terrain from a Heightmap, and to texture it, I just apply a grass texture on it and tile it a number of times. But what I want to do is to have a really realistic texturing, but also generate it automatically (for example if I want to use a perlin noise to generate a terrain and then texture it). I already learnt about multi-texturing, loading a map file with different colors for different textures, but I don't think this is really efficient, for instance for cliffs or very steep areas it will tile a texture badly as it's a view from the top. Also I don't know how i'll draw roads or dirt paths with that. I hope you understood me despite my english! If you don't, basically, here what I want to do: How do I texture a randomly generated terrain? :) Thank you for your answers!

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  • Using elapsed time for SlowMo in XNA

    - by Dave Voyles
    I'm trying to create a slow-mo effect in my pong game so that when a player is a button the paddles and ball will suddenly move at a far slower speed. I believe my understanding of the concepts of adjusting the timing in XNA are done, but I'm not sure of how to incorporate it into my design exactly. The updates for my bats (paddles) are done in my Bat.cs class: /// Controls the bat moving up the screen /// </summary> public void MoveUp() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, -moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Controls the bat moving down the screen /// </summary> public void MoveDown() { SetPosition(Position + new Vector2(0, moveSpeed)); } /// <summary> /// Updates the position of the AI bat, in order to track the ball /// </summary> /// <param name="ball"></param> public virtual void UpdatePosition(Ball ball) { size.X = (int)Position.X; size.Y = (int)Position.Y; } While the rest of my game updates are done in my GameplayScreen.cs class (I'm using the XNA game state management sample) Class GameplayScreen { ........... bool slow; .......... public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, bool otherScreenHasFocus, bool coveredByOtherScreen) base.Update(gameTime, otherScreenHasFocus, false); if (IsActive) { // SlowMo Stuff Elapsed = (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; if (Slowmo) Elapsed *= .8f; MoveTimer += Elapsed; double elapsedTime = gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds; if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Up)) slow = true; else if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(Keys.Down)) slow = false; if (slow == true) elapsedTime *= .1f; // Updating bat position leftBat.UpdatePosition(ball); rightBat.UpdatePosition(ball); // Updating the ball position ball.UpdatePosition(); and finally my fixed time step is declared in the constructor of my Game1.cs Class: /// <summary> /// The main game constructor. /// </summary> public Game1() { IsFixedTimeStep = slow = false; } So my question is: Where do I place the MoveTimer or elapsedTime, so that my bat will slow down accordingly?

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  • This for array colllision function doesn't work with anything but first object in array

    - by Zee Bashew
    For some reason, this simple simple loop is totally broken. (characterSheet is my character Class, it's just a movieClip with some extra functionality) (hitBox, is basically a square movieclip) Anyway: every time hitBox make contact with a characterSheet in a different order than they were created: Nothing happens. The program only seems to be listening to collisions that are made with o2[0]. As soon as another hitBox is created, it pushes the last one out of o2[0] and the last one becomes totally useless. What's super weird is that I can hit characterSheets in any order I like.... public function collisions(o1:Array, o2:Array) { if((o1.lenght>=0)&&(o2.length>=0)){ for (var i = 0; i < o1.length; i++) { var ob1 = o1[i]; for (var f = 0; f < o1.length; f++) { var ob2 = o2[f]; if (ob1 is characterSheet) { if (ob2.hitTestObject(ob1)) { var right:Boolean = true; if (ob1.x < hitBox(ob2).origin.x) right = false; characterSheet(ob1).specialDamage(hitBox(ob2).damageType, hitBox(ob2).damage, right); }}}}}} Also it might be somewhat helpful to see the function for creating a new hitBox public function SpawnHitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, ... args) { var newHitBox = new hitBox(targeted, following, atype, xoff, yoff, args); badCollisionObjects.push(newHitBox); arraydictionary[newHitBox] = badCollisionObjects; addChild(newHitBox); }

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  • Lightning whip particle effects

    - by Fibericon
    I'm currently using Mercury Particle Engine for the particle effects in my game, and I'm trying to create a sort of lightning whip - basically a lightning effect bound to a line that curves when the player moves. I know how to use the editor, and I have particle effects working in game. However, I'm completely lost as to where I should start for this specific particle effect. Perhaps if I could find the code for it in a different particle engine, I could convert it, but I can't seem to find that either. What I did find was a lot of tutorials for creating the lines associated with lightning programmatically, which doesn't help in this case because I don't want it to be rigid. Perhaps it would be more like some sort of laser beam with crackling effects around it? I'm running into a wall as far as even beginning to implement this goes.

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  • In concept how is Animation done?

    - by sharethis
    The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. As a jump a perfect sine function is acceptable but for motions of arms, weapons or face it would look quite unnatural. Moreover patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. I head of skeletons and rigging already. Although I could not implement skeletal animations I can't imagine that quite natural animations in major games are made of static predefined motion states. So how in general is animation done today?

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  • Can't detect collision properly using Rectangle.Intersects()

    - by Daniel Ribeiro
    I'm using a single sprite sheet image as the main texture for my breakout game. The image is this: My code is a little confusing, since I'm creating two elements from the same Texture using a Point, to represent the element size and its position on the sheet, a Vector, to represent its position on the viewport and a Rectangle that represents the element itself. Texture2D sheet; Point paddleSize = new Point(112, 24); Point paddleSheetPosition = new Point(0, 240); Vector2 paddleViewportPosition; Rectangle paddleRectangle; Point ballSize = new Point(24, 24); Point ballSheetPosition = new Point(160, 240); Vector2 ballViewportPosition; Rectangle ballRectangle; Vector2 ballVelocity; My initialization is a little confusing as well, but it works as expected: paddleViewportPosition = new Vector2((GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width - paddleSize.X) / 2, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height - (paddleSize.Y * 2)); paddleRectangle = new Rectangle(paddleSheetPosition.X, paddleSheetPosition.Y, paddleSize.X, paddleSize.Y); Random random = new Random(); ballViewportPosition = new Vector2(random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Width), random.Next(GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Top, GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Bounds.Height / 2)); ballRectangle = new Rectangle(ballSheetPosition.X, ballSheetPosition.Y, ballSize.X, ballSize.Y); ballVelocity = new Vector2(3f, 3f); The problem is I can't detect the collision properly, using this code: if(ballRectangle.Intersects(paddleRectangle)) { ballVelocity.Y = -ballVelocity.Y; } What am I doing wrong?

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  • Open source management game in java

    - by jcw
    I am trying to find an open source sport management game, much like the link below, but am failing to do so. There are two links provided in the below question that are both fine,'except for one minor problem - I only know java! Is there an open source sports manager project? After some googling, I have been unsuccessful in finding a sports management game that is written in java. I am do not particullarly care about the type of sport, becuase I am mostly interested in mechanics. Does anyone know of any such projects or am I out of luck on java?

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  • Point Light Soft Shadows

    - by notabene
    How to implement soft shadows for omni directional (point) light. We use typical shadow mapping technique. Depth is rendered to texture cube and addresing is pretty simple then. Just using vector from light to fragments world position. It works perfectly. Until you want soft shadows. In our engine we use PCSS technique for spot lights. But for point light there begins troubles. How to sample in 3D? I developed technique when orthonormal basis is created from a direction and upvector (0,1,0). And then multiply sampling vector (something like this (1.0,i/depthMapSize,j/depthMapSize) with this basis. But this (of course :)) looks pretty bad for vectors near (0,1,0) and (0,-1,0). I will appreciate any help on this.

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  • PNG file loading error in ImageMagick

    - by khanhhh89
    I'm trying to understand the tutorial 16 at http://ogldev.atspace.co.uk, which requires the image processing library ImageMagick. But when I run the tutorial, I encountered an following error: freeglut: failed to change scree settings Error loading textures 'test.png': no decode delegates for this image format 'C:/../appdata/magick-6024a_cIJcw90t-j'@error/constitute.c/ReadImage/552 I searched for google and found that my ImageMagick library do not have PNG Delegaes, but when I checked for the information of ImageMagick, it sees PNG in its delegate lists. Command line: convert -configure Result: LIB_VERSION 0x687 DELEGATES: bzlib, freetype, jpeg, jp2, lcms, png, tiff, x11, xml, wmf, zlib Could you explain to me this error, thanks so much!

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  • Efficiently rendering to 3D texture

    - by TravisG
    I have an existing depth texture and some other color textures, and want to process the information in them by rendering to a 3D texture (based on the depth contained in the depth texture, i.e. a point at (x/y) in the depth texture will be rendered to (x/y/texture(depth,uv)) in the 3D texture). Simply doing one manual draw call for each slice of the 3D texture (via glFramebufferTextureLayer) is terribly slow, since I don't know beforehand to what slice of the 3D texture a given texel from one of the color textures or the depth texture belongs. This means the entire process is effectively for each slice for each texel in depth texture process color textures and render to slice So I have to sample the depth texture completely per each slice, and I also have to go through the processing (at least until to discard;) for all texels in it. It would be much faster if I could rearrange the process to for each texel in depth texture figure out what slice it should end up in process color textures and render to slice Is this possible? If so, how? What I'm actually trying to do: the color textures contain lighting information (as seen from light view, it's a reflective shadow map). I want to accumulate that information in the 3D texture and then later use it to light the scene. More specifically I'm trying to implement Cryteks Light Propagation Volumes algorithm.

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  • Jittery Movement, Uncontrollably Rotating + Front of Sprite?

    - by Vipar
    So I've been looking around to try and figure out how I make my sprite face my mouse. So far the sprite moves to where my mouse is by some vector math. Now I'd like it to rotate and face the mouse as it moves. From what I've found this calculation seems to be what keeps reappearing: Sprite Rotation = Atan2(Direction Vectors Y Position, Direction Vectors X Position) I express it like so: sp.Rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(directionV.Y, directionV.X); If I just go with the above, the sprite seems to jitter left and right ever so slightly but never rotate out of that position. Seeing as Atan2 returns the rotation in radians I found another piece of calculation to add to the above which turns it into degrees: sp.Rotation = (float)Math.Atan2(directionV.Y, directionV.X) * 180 / PI; Now the sprite rotates. Problem is that it spins uncontrollably the closer it comes to the mouse. One of the problems with the above calculation is that it assumes that +y goes up rather than down on the screen. As I recorded in these two videos, the first part is the slightly jittery movement (A lot more visible when not recording) and then with the added rotation: Jittery Movement So my questions are: How do I fix that weird Jittery movement when the sprite stands still? Some have suggested to make some kind of "snap" where I set the position of the sprite directly to the mouse position when it's really close. But no matter what I do the snapping is noticeable. How do I make the sprite stop spinning uncontrollably? Is it possible to simply define the front of the sprite and use that to make it "face" the right way?

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  • My first flash game bot, in java

    - by Dylan
    Okay so i love coming up with new programming challenges and ive discovered a new challenge. I would love to create a bot for a game that requires the user to click on a character and drag the mouse like a slingshot. Upon releasing the mouse the character flys across the game and hopefully lands in a scored spot(in my bot the highest score). the game looks like this an image of the game is here. http://i.stack.imgur.com/fThnG.jpg How would i go about calculating the location of the character and then the physics to know exactly where to drag the mouse to?

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  • How does a collision engine work?

    - by JXPheonix
    Original question: Click me How exactly does a collision engine work? This is an extremely broad question. What code keeps things bouncing against each other, what code makes the player walk into a wall instead of walk through the wall? How does the code constantly refresh the players position and objects position to keep gravity and collision working as it should? If you don't know what a collision engine is, basically it's generally used in platform games to make the player acutally hit walls and the like. There's the 2D type and the 3D type, but they all accomplish the same thing: collision. So, what keeps a collision engine ticking?

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  • Space invaders clone not moving properly

    - by ThePlan
    I'm trying to make a basic space invaders clone in allegro 5, I've got my game set up, basic events and such, here is the code: #include <allegro5/allegro.h> #include <allegro5/allegro_image.h> #include <allegro5/allegro_primitives.h> #include <allegro5/allegro_font.h> #include <allegro5/allegro_ttf.h> #include "Entity.h" // GLOBALS ========================================== const int width = 500; const int height = 500; const int imgsize = 3; bool key[5] = {false, false, false, false, false}; bool running = true; bool draw = true; // FUNCTIONS ======================================== void initSpaceship(Spaceship &ship); void moveSpaceshipRight(Spaceship &ship); void moveSpaceshipLeft(Spaceship &ship); void initInvader(Invader &invader); void moveInvaderRight(Invader &invader); void moveInvaderLeft(Invader &invader); void initBullet(Bullet &bullet); void fireBullet(); void doCollision(); void updateInvaders(); void drawText(); enum key_t { UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, SPACE }; enum source_t { INVADER, DEFENDER }; int main(void) { if(!al_init()) { return -1; } Spaceship ship; Invader invader; Bullet bullet; al_init_image_addon(); al_install_keyboard(); al_init_font_addon(); al_init_ttf_addon(); ALLEGRO_DISPLAY *display = al_create_display(width, height); ALLEGRO_EVENT_QUEUE *event_queue = al_create_event_queue(); ALLEGRO_TIMER *timer = al_create_timer(1.0 / 60); ALLEGRO_BITMAP *images[imgsize]; ALLEGRO_FONT *font1 = al_load_font("arial.ttf", 20, 0); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_keyboard_event_source()); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_display_event_source(display)); al_register_event_source(event_queue, al_get_timer_event_source(timer)); images[0] = al_load_bitmap("defender.bmp"); images[1] = al_load_bitmap("invader.bmp"); images[2] = al_load_bitmap("explosion.bmp"); al_convert_mask_to_alpha(images[0], al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0)); al_convert_mask_to_alpha(images[1], al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0)); al_convert_mask_to_alpha(images[2], al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0)); initSpaceship(ship); initBullet(bullet); initInvader(invader); al_start_timer(timer); while(running) { ALLEGRO_EVENT ev; al_wait_for_event(event_queue, &ev); if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER) { draw = true; if(key[RIGHT] == true) moveSpaceshipRight(ship); if(key[LEFT] == true) moveSpaceshipLeft(ship); } else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE) running = false; else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE: running = false; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: key[LEFT] = true; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: key[RIGHT] = true; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_SPACE: key[SPACE] = true; break; } } else if(ev.type == ALLEGRO_KEY_UP) { switch(ev.keyboard.keycode) { case ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT: key[LEFT] = false; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT: key[RIGHT] = false; break; case ALLEGRO_KEY_SPACE: key[SPACE] = false; break; } } if(draw && al_is_event_queue_empty(event_queue)) { draw = false; al_draw_bitmap(images[0], ship.pos_x, ship.pos_y, 0); al_flip_display(); al_clear_to_color(al_map_rgb(0, 0, 0)); } } al_destroy_font(font1); al_destroy_event_queue(event_queue); al_destroy_timer(timer); for(int i = 0; i < imgsize; i++) al_destroy_bitmap(images[i]); al_destroy_display(display); } // FUNCTION LOGIC ====================================== void initSpaceship(Spaceship &ship) { ship.lives = 3; ship.speed = 2; ship.pos_x = width / 2; ship.pos_y = height - 20; } void initInvader(Invader &invader) { invader.health = 100; invader.count = 40; invader.speed = 0.5; invader.pos_x = 300; invader.pos_y = 300; } void initBullet(Bullet &bullet) { bullet.speed = 10; } void moveSpaceshipRight(Spaceship &ship) { ship.pos_x += ship.speed; if(ship.pos_x >= width) ship.pos_x = width-30; } void moveSpaceshipLeft(Spaceship &ship) { ship.pos_x -= ship.speed; if(ship.pos_x <= 0) ship.pos_x = 0+30; } However it's not behaving the way I want it to behave, in fact the behavior for the ship movement is un-normal. Basically I specified that the ship only moves when the right/left key is down, however the ship is moving constantly to the direction of the key pressed, it never stops although it should only move while my key is down. Even more weird behavior, when I press the opposite key the ship completely stops no matter what else I press. What's wrong with the code? Why does the ship move constantly even after I specified it only moves when a key is down?

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