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  • What is the initiating actor for the usecase shown here

    - by Illep
    I am new to drawing use case and writing use case descriptions. I have an Actor called User , an abstract usecase called Work Type and another use case called Manager. The usecase Manager has a generalized relationship with the Work Type use case. I'm now writing the use case description for Manager use case. And what is the initiating Actor for this use case. Is it the Actor User ? or doesn't it have an initiating Actor ? Note: I only want to know the initiating Actor for the use case Manager

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  • FieldError when annotating over foreign keys

    - by X_9
    I have a models file that looks similar to the following: class WithDate(models.Model): adddedDate = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modifiedDate = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True class Match(WithDate): ... class Notify(WithDate): matchId = models.ForeignKey(Match) headline = models.CharField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=10) For each Match I'm trying to get a count of notify records that have a headline. So my call looks like matchObjs = Match.objects.annotate(notifies_made=Count('notify__headline__isnull')) This keeps throwing a FieldError. I've simplified the query down to matchObjs = Match.objects.annotate(notifies_made=Count('notify')) And I still get the same FieldError... I've seen this work in other cases (other documentation, other SO questions like this one) but I can't figure out why I'm getting an error. The specific error that is returned is as follows: Cannot resolve keyword 'notify' into field. Choices are: (all fields from Match model) Does anyone have a clue as to why I can't get this annotation to work across tables? I'm baffled after looking at the other SO question and various Django docs where I've seen this done. Edit: I am using Django 1.1.1

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  • Using enums or a set of classes when I know I have a finite set of different options?

    - by devoured elysium
    Let's say I have defined the following class: public abstract class Event { public DateTime Time { get; protected set; } protected Event(DateTime time) { Time = time; } } What would you prefer between this: public class AsleepEvent : Event { public AsleepEvent(DateTime time) : base(time) { } } public class AwakeEvent : Event { public AwakeEvent(DateTime time) : base(time) { } } and this: public enum StateEventType { NowAwake, NowAsleep } public class StateEvent : Event { protected StateEventType stateType; public MealEvent(DateTime time, StateEventType stateType) : base(time) { stateType = stateType; } } and why? I am generally more inclined to the first option, but I can't explain why. Is it totally the same or are any advantages in using one instead of the other? Maybe with the first method its easier to add more "states", altough in this case I am 100% sure I will only want two states: now awake, and now asleep (they signal the moments when one awakes and one falls asleep).

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  • Type parameterization in Scala

    - by horatius83
    So I'm learning Scala at the moment, and I'm trying to create an abstract vector class with a vector-space of 3 (x,y,z coordinates). I'm trying to add two of these vectors together with the following code: package math class Vector3[T](ax:T,ay:T,az:T) { def x = ax def y = ay def z = az override def toString = "<"+x+", "+y+", "+z+">" def add(that: Vector3[T]) = new Vector3(x+that.x, y+that.y, z+that.z) } The problem is I keep getting this error: error: type mismatch; found : T required: String def add(that: Vector3[T]) = new Vector3(x+that.x, y+that.y, z+that.z) I've tried commenting out the "toString" method above, but that doesn't seem to have any effect. Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong?

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  • c# Generic overloaded method dispatching ambiguous

    - by sebgod
    Hello, I just hit a situation where a method dispatch was ambiguous and wondered if anyone could explain on what basis the compiler (.NET 4.0.30319) chooses what overload to call interface IfaceA { } interface IfaceB<T> { void Add(IfaceA a); T Add(T t); } class ConcreteA : IfaceA { } class abstract BaseClassB<T> : IfaceB<T> { public virtual T Add(T t) { ... } public virtual void Add(IfaceA a) { ... } } class ConcreteB : BaseClassB<IfaceA> { // does not override one of the relevant methods } void code() { var concreteB = new ConcreteB(); // it will call void Add(IfaceA a) concreteB.Add(new ConcreteA()); } In any case, why does the compiler not warn me or even why does it compile? Thank you very much for any answers.

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  • A c# Generics question involving Controllers and Repositories

    - by UpTheCreek
    I have a base repository class which contains all the common repository methods (as generic): public abstract class BaseRepository<T, IdType> : IBaseRepository<T, IdType> My repositories from this base e.g.: public class UserRepository : BaseRepository<User, int>, IUserRepository I also have a base controller class containing common actions, and inherit from this in controllers. The repository is injected into this by DI. E.g. public class UserController : BaseController<User> { private readonly IUserRepository userRepository; public UserController (IUserRepository userRepository) { this.userRepository= userRepository; } My question is this: The base controller needs to be able to access the repository methods that are defined in the base repository. However I'm passing in via DI a different repository type for each controller (even though they all inherrit from the base repository). How can the base controller somehow access the repository that is passed in (regardless of what type it is), so that it can access the common base methods?

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  • How Does a Login system generally work with OOP?

    - by fakingfantastic
    Sorry if this is a badly formed question, but I'm trying to make my web applications (using PHP) more OO. *EDIT* I'm developing the Framework myself */EDIT* Everything is great so far, I've made a Front Controller system that taps into a MVC system. The FC figures out what page you want, loads the specific page Controller (*EDIT* which extends an abstract Controller Object */EDIT*), which gets anything it needs from Models, and then calls the appropriate View. Very basic. But now, I need to make an admin section (quasi-CMS). How does a login system fit into the grand scheme of things? Do you set controllers as needing a login? If so, how? What If you only want certain views of a controller requiring login? Thanks in advance.

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  • Java cannot find symbol enum

    - by JDelage
    Hi, I'm modeling a chess game on Java, and I'm having some problem. Here's what the code looks like (the relevant parts): Enum class Couleur.java: public enum Couleur {BLANC, NOIR} Piece.java: public abstract class Piece { (...) public Piece(Couleur couleurParam){ this.couleurPiece = couleurParam; } (...) } And finally Tour.java: public class Tour extends Piece { (...) public Tour(Couleur couleurParam){ super(couleurParam); } (...) } All the .java files are in the same folder. Yet at compile I get a "cannot find symbol symbol : variable NOIR location: class Plateau" (Plateau is the class that instantiates Tour.) Can anyone help me figure out what's wrong here? Many thanks, JDelage

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  • How to overload shutdown function?

    - by Michal M
    I am using Kohana (v3) framework but I believe it's not tied to a particular framework. What I have is basically an app with a front-end, where I want to use Kohana's native Kohana::shutdown_handler(), but I also have a part of the - RESTful API - where I don't want colourful and html-encoded exception reporting. I want a plain text reporting. The way I thought it might work is to register another shutdown function in API's controller abstract class constructor, but then I realised register_shutdown_function() works differently to set_exception_handler() and instead of replacing it adds another function to the shutdown procedure. What's worse PHP doesn't allow "unregistering" shutdown functions and that's where my problem lies. What to do, if you want to use another shutdown function instead of one already registered?

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  • C#: why Base class is allowed to implement an interface contract without inheriting from it?

    - by etarassov
    I've stumbled upon this "feature" of C# - the base class that implements interface methods does not have to derive from it. Example: public interface IContract { void Func(); } // Note that Base does **not** derive from IContract public abstract class Base { public void Func() { Console.WriteLine("Base.Func"); } } // Note that Derived does *not* provide implementation for IContract public class Derived : Base, IContract { } What happens is that Derived magically picks-up a public method Base.Func and decides that it will implement IContract.Func. What is the reason behind this magic? IMHO: this "quasi-implementation" feature is very-unintuitive and make code-inspection much harder. What do you think?

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  • How to set order of appearance for fields when using Html.EditorFor in MVC 2?

    - by Anrie
    I have the following classes in my Model: public abstract class Entity : IEntity { [ScaffoldColumn(false)] public int Id { get; set; } [Required,StringLength(500)] public string Name { get; set; } } and public class Model : SortableEntity { [Required] public ModelType Type { get; set; } [ListRequired] public List<Producer> Producers { get; set; } public List<PrintArea> PrintAreas { get; set; } public List<Color> Colors { get; set; } } To display the "Model" class in the view I simply call Html.EditorFor(model=model), but the "Name" property of the base class is rendered last, which is not the desired behaviour. Is it possible to influenece on the order of displayed fields somehow?

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  • Is it possible to create nested classes in PHP as it is in C#?

    - by Edward Tanguay
    In C# you can have nested classes like this, which are useful if you have classes which do not have meaning outside the scope of one particular class, e.g. in a factory pattern: public abstract class BankAccount { private BankAccount() {} private sealed class SavingsAccount : BankAccount { ... } private sealed class CheckingAccount : BankAccount { ... } public BankAccount MakeSavingAccount() { ... } public BankAccount MakeCheckingAccount() { ... } } Is this possible in PHP? I've read that it was planned for PHP 5, then cancelled, then planned again, but can't find definitive info. Does anyone know how to create nested classes (classes within the scope of another class) as in the above C# example using PHP 5.3?

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  • C# to Java Conversion: What is a [DefaultProperty("value")]?

    - by Shiftbit
    I do not understand how the DefaultProperty Metadata tag work or what it signifies. I've read the MSDN and went through the sample but I find it confusing. DefaultPropertyAttribute Class I've read a few blogs and they seem to refer to the indexers. I'm not sure why you would want metadata for your properties? I am coming from a Java background, perhaps a Java analogy would help. [DefaultProperty("Value")] public abstract class FOO<T> : ANY, IBAR<T> { public FOO() { } public FOO(T value) { this.Value = value; } public virtual T Value { get; set; } }

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  • using PIVOT to sql server.

    - by NoviceToDotNet
    This is the abstract idea which i want to do by my first select of first line, i am presenting here, but i am unable to do that correct. here category[0], category[2]..etc representing the category columns values...i know this kind of syntax not work, but i want to do something like this. SELECT category[0], category[1], category[2], category[3], category[4], category[5] FROM( select Row_number() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS 'Serial Number', EP.FirstName,Ep.LastName, Ep.SignUpID, [dbo].[GetBookingRoleName](ES.UserId,EP.BookingRole) as RoleName, (select top 1 convert(varchar(10),eventDate,103)from [3rdi_EventDates] where EventId=@ItemId) as EventDate, (CASE [dbo].[GetBookingRoleName](ES.UserId,EP.BookingRole) WHEN 'Employee - Marketing' THEN 'DC' WHEN 'Employee - Accounting' THEN 'DC' WHEN 'Coaches' THEN 'DC' WHEN 'Student Client' THEN 'ST' WHEN 'Guest Doctor' THEN 'GDC' ---....more categories here, i just removed a few END) as Category from [3rdi_EventParticipants] as EP inner join [3rdi_EventSignup] as ES on EP.SignUpId = ES.SignUpId WHERE EP.EventId = @ItemId AND EP.PlaceStatus IN (0,3,4,8) and userid in( select distinct userid from userroles where roleid not in(19,20,21,22) and roleid not in(1,2, 25, 44)) (My Below Query) PIVOT(sum(First_Name+Last_Name)) FOR Category (category[0], category[1], category[2], category[3], category[4], category[5]) Group by (SignUpID)

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  • How can one describe a rock-paper-scissors relationship between 3 items?

    - by Madara Uchiha
    Let's say I have the following structure: abstract class Hand {} class Rock extends Hand {} class Paper extends Hand {} class Scissors extends Hand {} The goal is to make a function (or a method) Hand::compareHands(Hand $hand1, Hand $hand2), which would return the winning hand in a rock-paper-scissors match. That would be very easy with a bunch of ifs, but the point is to have a more robust structure, that's relying on polymorphism rather than on procedural code. P.S. this is done in actual production code, if someone is asking. This isn't some sort of challenge or homework. (It's not really rock-paper-scissors, but you get the point).

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  • System.ServiceModel.Channels.MessageHeader Error

    - by user220511
    I'm trying to get the following to work on my machine but I get an error (Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface 'System.ServiceModel.Channels.MessageHeader') using System; using System.IO; using System.Reflection; namespace com.mycompanyname.business { /// /// Summary description for SessionCreateRQClient. /// class SessionCreateRQClient { /// /// The main entry point. /// [STAThread] static void Main(string[] args) { try { // Set user information, including security credentials and the IPCC. string username = "user"; string password = "password"; string ipcc = "IPCC"; string domain = "DEFAULT"; string temp = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("tmp"); // Get temp directory string PropsFileName = temp + "/session.properties"; // Define dir and file name DateTime dt = DateTime.UtcNow; string tstamp = dt.ToString("s") + "Z"; //Create the message header and provide the conversation ID. MessageHeader msgHeader = new MessageHeader(); msgHeader.ConversationId = "TestSession"; // Set the ConversationId From from = new From(); PartyId fromPartyId = new PartyId(); PartyId[] fromPartyIdArr = new PartyId[1]; fromPartyId.Value = "WebServiceClient"; fromPartyIdArr[0] = fromPartyId; from.PartyId = fromPartyIdArr; msgHeader.From = from; To to = new To(); PartyId toPartyId = new PartyId(); PartyId[] toPartyIdArr = new PartyId[1]; toPartyId.Value = "WebServiceSupplier"; toPartyIdArr[0] = toPartyId; to.PartyId = toPartyIdArr; msgHeader.To = to; //Add the value for eb:CPAId, which is the IPCC. //Add the value for the action code of this Web service, SessionCreateRQ. msgHeader.CPAId = ipcc; msgHeader.Action = "SessionCreateRQ"; Service service = new Service(); service.Value = "SessionCreate"; msgHeader.Service = service; MessageData msgData = new MessageData(); msgData.MessageId = "mid:[email protected]"; msgData.Timestamp = tstamp; msgHeader.MessageData = msgData; Security security = new Security(); SecurityUsernameToken securityUserToken = new SecurityUsernameToken(); securityUserToken.Username = username; securityUserToken.Password = password; securityUserToken.Organization = ipcc; securityUserToken.Domain = domain; security.UsernameToken = securityUserToken; SessionCreateRQ req = new SessionCreateRQ(); SessionCreateRQPOS pos = new SessionCreateRQPOS(); SessionCreateRQPOSSource source = new SessionCreateRQPOSSource(); source.PseudoCityCode = ipcc; pos.Source = source; req.POS = pos; SessionCreateRQService serviceObj = new SessionCreateRQService(); serviceObj.MessageHeaderValue = msgHeader; serviceObj.SecurityValue = security; SessionCreateRS resp = serviceObj.SessionCreateRQ(req); // Send the request if (resp.Errors != null && resp.Errors.Error != null) { Console.WriteLine("Error : " + resp.Errors.Error.ErrorInfo.Message); } else { msgHeader = serviceObj.MessageHeaderValue; security = serviceObj.SecurityValue; Console.WriteLine("**********************************************"); Console.WriteLine("Response of SessionCreateRQ service"); Console.WriteLine("BinarySecurityToken returned : " + security.BinarySecurityToken); Console.WriteLine("**********************************************"); string ConvIdLine = "convid="+msgHeader.ConversationId; // ConversationId to a string string TokenLine = "securitytoken="+security.BinarySecurityToken; // BinarySecurityToken to a string string ipccLine = "ipcc="+ipcc; // IPCC to a string File.Delete(PropsFileName); // Clean up TextWriter tw = new StreamWriter(PropsFileName); // Create & open the file tw.WriteLine(DateTime.Now); // Write the date for reference tw.WriteLine(TokenLine); // Write the BinarySecurityToken tw.WriteLine(ConvIdLine); // Write the ConversationId tw.WriteLine(ipccLine); // Write the IPCC tw.Close(); //Console.Read(); } } catch(Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception Message : " + e.Message ); Console.WriteLine("Exception Stack Trace : " + e.StackTrace); Console.Read(); } } } } I have added the reference System.ServiceModel and the lines: using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Channels; but I continue to get that error when trying to compile -- "Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface 'System.ServiceModel.Channels.MessageHeader'" I am using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Version 9.0.21022.8 RTM Microsoft .NET Framework Version 3.5 SP1 Professional Edition Is there another reference I have to add? Or a dll to move over? I wonder was the code above written for Framework 2.0 only? Thanks for your help.

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  • Custom OData operation / customize EF model to hide join table in many-to-many relationship

    - by AC
    I've got a data model that has two tables with a join table for a many to many relationship & creating an OData service to expose the data for CRUD ops in a Silverlight app. What I'd like to do is abstract the join table from the service. I'm not sure if the best way to do this would be in the model (using EF in .NET3.5SP1) or if I should do it with a custom service operation. If I do it in the EF model (not sure how I'd do this), then the OOTB WCF Data Service stuff would make it easy to say [..]/Courses(1)/Modules ... otherwise I'd have to create a custom operation to do this. Is it possible to do this in the EF model and if so, how does that work?

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  • Returning a static array without using a class field

    - by Bart Friederichs
    I have the following base and derived (partial, for sake of brevity) classes: class Base { public abstract int[] someArray { get; } } class Derived : Base { private readonly static int[] _someArray = new int[] { 1,2,3,4 }; public override int[] someArray { get { return _someArray; } } } What I would like now, is put the new int[] { 1,2,3,4 } in the return part of the getter. But, that would create a new array every time the getter is called. Is it possible to directly return some kind of object, which stays the same for all objects of class Derived ? Something along the lines of (I know this is invalid C#): get { return (int[]) { 1, 2, 3, 4 }; }

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  • Programming tutorials for people with zero experience

    - by www.aegisub.net
    A friend of mine is interested in learning how to program computers, but she knows nothing about programming. I suggested that Python might be a good language to start with, but after some googling, I couldn't find any tutorials that covered both programming and Python in an adequate way. I don't want her to go through the tiresome "learn algorithms in pseudocode first" routine. Instead, I'd like a tutorial that will explain the basic ideas while working towards a real goal, e.g. a very simple console game. Does anyone know of any such tutorials? Do you think that I'm mistaken in how I'm handling this? Is Python a bad choice? I know that something like C, C++ or Java won't work - too many details will be very counterproductive. On the other hand, I think that Lisp might be too mathematical and abstract. Python, on the other hand, will let her even do something like coding primitive graphical games in a short period of time.

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  • C#: reflection alternative for switch on enum in order to select namespace/class

    - by Am
    Hi, I have an interface named IHarvester. There are 3 implementations of that interface, each under their own namespace: Google Yahoo Bing A HarvesterManager uses the given harvester. It knows the interface and all 3 implementations. I want some way of letting the class user say in which harvester it wants to use. And in the code select that implementation, without a switch-case implementation. Can reflection save my day? Here is the code bits: // repeat for each harvester namespace Harvester.Google { public abstract class Fetcher : BaseHarvester, IInfoHarvester {...} } public enum HarvestingSource { Google, Yahoo, Bing, } class HarvesterManager { public HarvestingSource PreferedSource {get;set;} public HarvestSomthing() { switch (PreferedSource) .... // awful... } } Thanks.

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  • Java generics question

    - by user247866
    So I have 3 classes. Abstract class A Class B extends class A independent Class C In class D that contains the main method, I create a list of instances of class B List<B> b = methodCall(); // the method returns a list of instances of class B Now in class C I have one method that is common to both A and B, and hence I don't want to duplicate it. I want to have one method that takes as input an instance of class A, as follows: public void someMethod(List<A> a) However, when I do: C c = new C(); c.someMethod(b); I get an error that some-method is not applicable for the argument List<B>, instead it's expecting to get List<A>. Is there a good way to fix this problem? Many thanks!

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  • Getting error in integrating Contacts APIs in Android 1.6 and 2.0

    - by dhaiwat
    Hi All, I have seen the BusinessCard example provide in Android examples. I am using ContactAccessor abstract class to seperate out the SDK versions. My code is running fine for 2.0 onwards, but when I am trying to build the code in Adnroid 1.6 I am getting the following errors: Build.VERSION_CODES.ECLAIR is not resolved. Getting errors in the whole class in which I have used Contacts APIs from 2.0 (say in class ContactAccessorSdk5.java). How to resolve these issues? I want to run my App on both the versions. Please help me. Regards, Dhaiwat Bhavsar.

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  • Inheriting database connection in PHP OOP

    - by vrode
    My abstract class Database is made for database interaction and any child of this class (UserDatabase, ActionDatabase, EventDatabase) inherits its database connection which is defined as static. `abstract class Database { static $connection = mysql_connect( ); } class UserDatabase extends Database { ... public function __construct( ) { $connection ? "connected" : "not connected"; $this-table = "users"; mysql_query( "FROM " . $this-table . " SELECT *" ); } } ` Does that mean, that my database connection is only set up and stored in memory once and passed on to subclasses as reference without being replicated for each instance? Is this how you would implement you OOP-correct database interface?

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  • Rails architecture questions

    - by justinbach
    I'm building a Rails site that, among other things, allows users to build their own recipe repository. Recipes are entered either manually or via a link to another site (think epicurious, cooks.com, etc). I'm writing scripts that will scrape a recipe from these sites given a link from a user, and so far (legal issues notwithstanding) that part isn't giving me any trouble. However, I'm not sure where to put the code that I'm writing for these scraper scripts. My first thought was to put it in the recipes model, but it seems a bit too involved to go there; would a library or a helper be more appropriate? Also, as I mentioned, I'm building several different scrapers for different food websites. It seems to me that the elegant way to do this would be to define an interface (or abstract base class) that determines a set of methods for constructing a recipe object given a link, but I'm not sure what the best approach would be here, either. How might I build out these OO relationships, and where should the code go?

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  • Example of contravariance

    - by Misha
    I am thinking of the following example to illustrate why contravariance is useful. Let's consider a GUI framework with Widgets, Events, and Event Listeners. abstract class Event; class KeyEvent extends Event class MouseEvent extends Event trait EventListener[-Event] { def listen(e:Event) } Let Widgets define the following methods: def addKeyEventListener(listener:EventListener[KeyEvent]) def addMouseEventListener(listener:EventListener[MouseEvent]) These methods accept only "specific" event listeners, which is fine. However I would like to define also "kitchen-sink" listeners, which listen to all events, and pass such listeners to the "add listener" methods above. For instance, I would like to define LogEventListener to log all incoming events class LogEventListener extends EventListener[Event] { def listen(e:Event) { log(event) } } Since the trait EventListener is contravariant in Event we can pass LogEventListener to all those "add listener" methods without losing their type safety. Does it make sense ?

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