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  • How can I make an object's hitbox rotate with its texture?

    - by Matthew Optional Meehan
    In XNA, when you have a rectangular sprite that doesnt rotate, it's easy to get its four corners to make a hitbox. However, when you do a rotation, the points get moved and I assume there is some kind of math that I can use to aquire them. I am using the four points to draw a rectangle that visually represents the hitboxes. I have seen some per-pixel collision examples, but I can forsee they would be hard to draw a box/'convex hull' around. I have also seen physics like farseer but I'm not sure if there is a quick tutorial to do what I want.

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  • First time shadow mapping problems

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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  • Issue with distinguishing levels in isometric game

    - by Konrad
    I'm working on an isometric game however I am having trouble visually distinguishing between levels in the game. Take the example below, the first image shows concrete blocks at ground level and the following images show an attempt to build a few blocks a level above. As you can see the level above is visually swallowed the one below. I've tried shading to make lower levels darker with respect to camera, but this doesn't work that well.. any ideas?

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  • Game Components, Game Managers and Object Properties

    - by George Duckett
    I'm trying to get my head around component based entity design. My first step was to create various components that could be added to an object. For every component type i had a manager, which would call every component's update function, passing in things like keyboard state etc. as required. The next thing i did was remove the object, and just have each component with an Id. So an object is defined by components having the same Ids. Now, i'm thinking that i don't need a manager for all my components, for example i have a SizeComponent, which just has a Size property). As a result the SizeComponent doesn't have an update method, and the manager's update method does nothing. My first thought was to have an ObjectProperty class which components could query, instead of having them as properties of components. So an object would have a number of ObjectProperty and ObjectComponent. Components would have update logic that queries the object for properties. The manager would manage calling the component's update method. This seems like over-engineering to me, but i don't think i can get rid of the components, because i need a way for the managers to know what objects need what component logic to run (otherwise i'd just remove the component completely and push its update logic into the manager). Is this (having ObjectProperty, ObjectComponent and ComponentManager classes) over-engineering? What would be a good alternative?

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  • Vertex Normals, Loading Mesh Data

    - by Ramon Johannessen
    My test FBX mesh is a cube. From what I surmise, it seems that the cube is on the extreme end of this issue, but I believe that the same issue would be able to occur in any mesh: Each vertex has 3 normals, each pointing a different direction. Of course loading in any type of mesh, potentially ones having thousands of vertices, I need to use indices and not duplicate shared verts. Currently, I'm just writing the normals to the vertex at the index that the FBX data tells me they go to, which has the effect of overwriting any previous normal data. But for lighting calculations I need more info, something that's equivalent to a normal per face, but I have no idea how this should be done. Do I average the 3 different verts' normals together or what?

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  • How are events in games handled?

    - by Alex
    In may games that I have played, I have seen events being triggered, such as when you walk into a certain land area while holding a specific object, it will trigger a special creature to spawn. I was wondering, how do games deal with events such as this? Not in a specific game, but in general among games. The first thought I had was that each place has a hard-coded set of events that it will call when something happens there. However, that would be too inefficient to maintain, as when something new is added, that would require modification of every part of the game that would potentially cause the event to be called. Next up, I had the idea of maybe how GUI programming works. In all of the GUI programming I've done, you create a component and a callback function, or a listener. Then, when the user interacts when the button, the callback function is called, allowing you to do something with it. So, I was thinking that in terms of a game, when a land area gets loaded the game loops over a list of all events, creating instances of them and calling public methods to bind them to the current scene. The events themselves then handle what scene it is, and if it is a scene that pertains to the event, will call the public method of the scene to bind the event to an action. Then, when the action takes place, the scene would call all events that are bound to that action. However, I'm sure that's not how games would operate either, as that would require a lot of creating of events all the time. So how to video games handle events, are either of those methods correct, or is it something completely different?

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  • Camera Projection back Into 3D world, offset error

    - by Anthony
    I'm using XNA to simulate a robot in a 3D world and then do image analysis on what the camera sees. I have my camera looking down in front of the direction that the robot is going, and I have the robot detecting white pixels. I'm trying to take the white pixels that it finds and project them back into the 3D world so that I can see if it is actually detecting the correct pixels. I almost have it working, but there is an offset between where the white is in in the World and were I put my orange triangles (which represent what the robot things is white). /// <summary> /// Takes a bool map of and makes vertex positions based on the map. /// </summary> /// <param name="c"> The bool map</param> private void ProjectBoolMapOnGroundAnthony2(bool[,] c) { float triangleSize = 0.04f; // Point of interest in World W cordinate system. Vector3 pointOfInterest_W = Vector3.Zero; // Point of interest in Robot Cordinate system R Vector3 pointOfInterest_R = Vector3.Zero; // alpha is the angle from the robot camera to where it is looking in the center. //double alpha = Math.Atan(1.8f / 1); /// Matrix representation of the view determined by the position, target, and updirection. Matrix View = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.View; /// Matrix representation of the view determined by the angle of the field of view (Pi/4), aspectRatio, nearest plane visible (1), and farthest plane visible (1200) Matrix Projection = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.Projection; /// Matrix representing how the real world cordinates differ from that of the rendering by the camera. Matrix World = ((SimulationMain)Game).mainRobot.robotCameraView.World; Plane groundPlan = new Plane(Vector3.UnitZ, 0.0f); for (int x = 0; x < this.screenWidth; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < this.screenHeight; ) { if (c[x, y] == true && this.count1D < 62000) { int j = 1; Vector3 nearPlanePoint = Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 0), Projection, View, World); Vector3 farPlanePoint = Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Unproject(new Vector3(x, y, 1), Projection, View, World); //Vector3 pointOfInterest_W = Vector3.in Ray ray = new Ray(nearPlanePoint, farPlanePoint); pointOfInterest_W = ray.Position + ray.Direction * (float) ray.Intersects(groundPlan); this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X - triangleSize; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y - triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Color = Color.DarkOrange; // Put another vertex a the position but +1 in the X direction triangleSize //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.X = pointOnGroud.X + 3; //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Y = pointOnGroud.Y + j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y + triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 1].Color = Color.Red; // Put another vertex a the position but +1 in the X direction //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.X = pointOnGroud.X; //this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 0].Position.Y = pointOnGroud.Y + 3 + j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.X = pointOfInterest_W.X + triangleSize; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.Y = pointOfInterest_W.Y - triangleSize * j; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Position.Z = pointOfInterest_W.Z; this.vertexArray2[this.count1D + 2].Color = Color.Orange; this.count1D += 3; y += j; } else { y++; } } } } The world is a grass texture with lines on it. The world plane is normal at (0,0,1). Any ideas on why there is an offset? Any Ideas? Thanks for the help, Anthony G.

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  • Calculating adjacent quads on a quad sphere

    - by Caius Eugene
    I've been experimenting with generating a quad sphere. This sphere subdivides into a quadtree structure. Eventually I'm going to be applying some simplex noise to the vertices of each face to create a terrain like surface. To solve the issue of cracks I want to be able to apply a geomitmap technique of triangle fanning on the edges of each quad, but in order to know the subdivision level of the adjacent quads I need to identify which quads are adjacent to each other. Does anyone know any approaches to computing and storing these adjacent quads for quick lookup? Also It's important that I know which direction they are in so I can easily adjust the correct edge.

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  • Tower defence game poison tower in fieldrunners dynamics

    - by Syed Ali Haider Abidi
    I had made a 2d tower defence game in unity3d.done all the pathfinder tower upgrading cash stuff.now the dynamics. can one help me in making the dynamics of the paint tower..please remember as its a 2d game so i am working on spritesheets. This tower is more likely poison tower in fieldrunners.fow now i have only one image which follows the enemy but it remains the same but in fieldrunners its more realistic.it changes its direction when the enemies are on different angles.

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  • Efficient solution for multiplayer space partioning?

    - by DevilWithin
    This question is a little tricky, but I will try to make it clear, Lets say I am building an online game, not in a mmo scale, but gladly supporting as many players as possible, in a authoritative server approach, and I want really big worlds with lots of AI simulated enemies. I am aware of a few strategies to save server's CPU by subdividing the space and not processing what doesn't need processing. I 've already split the world by regions, that will require loading times and small transitions, which i think is important to mantain the quality of gameplay when playing locally (alone or even with a couple of friends) because the players won't normally be in more than one or two regions. But even a region can become pretty big, and have a lot of NPC simulating at a time, how do I handle this without screwing the player's experience? Approaches like one server per region and alike are not in the table. I am mainly looking for data structures to hold hordes of enemies, and even peaceful NPC. To finalize the question, please note that vehicles exist, therefore its considerably fast to travel within a region, influencing the "when" to cull areas. Sorry for the confusing question, thanks

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  • Fastest pathfinding for static node matrix

    - by Sean Martin
    I'm programming a route finding routine in VB.NET for an online game I play, and I'm searching for the fastest route finding algorithm for my map type. The game takes place in space, with thousands of solar systems connected by jump gates. The game devs have provided a DB dump containing a list of every system and the systems it can jump to. The map isn't quite a node tree, since some branches can jump to other branches - more of a matrix. What I need is a fast pathfinding algorithm. I have already implemented an A* routine and a Dijkstra's, both find the best path but are too slow for my purposes - a search that considers about 5000 nodes takes over 20 seconds to compute. A similar program on a website can do the same search in less than a second. This website claims to use D*, which I have looked into. That algorithm seems more appropriate for dynamic maps rather than one that does not change - unless I misunderstand it's premise. So is there something faster I can use for a map that is not your typical tile/polygon base? GBFS? Perhaps a DFS? Or have I likely got some problem with my A* - maybe poorly chosen heuristics or movement cost? Currently my movement cost is the length of the jump (the DB dump has solar system coordinates as well), and the heuristic is a quick euclidean calculation from the node to the goal. In case anyone has some optimizations for my A*, here is the routine that consumes about 60% of my processing time, according to my profiler. The coordinateData table contains a list of every system's coordinates, and neighborNode.distance is the distance of the jump. Private Function findDistance(ByVal startSystem As Integer, ByVal endSystem As Integer) As Integer 'hCount += 1 'If hCount Mod 0 = 0 Then 'Return hCache 'End If 'Initialize variables to be filled Dim x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2 As Integer 'LINQ queries for solar system data Dim systemFromData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = startSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z Dim systemToData = From result In jumpDataDB.coordinateDatas Where result.systemId = endSystem Select result.x, result.y, result.z 'LINQ execute 'Fill variables with solar system data for from and to system For Each solarSystem In systemFromData x1 = (solarSystem.x) y1 = (solarSystem.y) z1 = (solarSystem.z) Next For Each solarSystem In systemToData x2 = (solarSystem.x) y2 = (solarSystem.y) z2 = (solarSystem.z) Next Dim x3 = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) Dim y3 = Math.Abs(y1 - y2) Dim z3 = Math.Abs(z1 - z2) 'Calculate distance and round 'Dim distance = Math.Round(Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs((x1 - x2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((y1 - y2) ^ 2) + Math.Abs((z1 - z2) ^ 2))) Dim distance = firstConstant * Math.Min(secondConstant * (x3 + y3 + z3), Math.Max(x3, Math.Max(y3, z3))) 'Dim distance = Math.Abs(x1 - x2) + Math.Abs(z1 - z2) + Math.Abs(y1 - y2) 'hCache = distance Return distance End Function And the main loop, the other 30% 'Begin search While openList.Count() != 0 'Set current system and move node to closed currentNode = lowestF() move(currentNode.id) For Each neighborNode In neighborNodes If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 0) Then If Not onList(neighborNode.toSystem, 1) Then Dim newNode As New nodeData() newNode.id = neighborNode.toSystem newNode.parent = currentNode.id newNode.g = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance newNode.h = findDistance(newNode.id, endSystem) newNode.f = newNode.g + newNode.h newNode.security = neighborNode.security openList.Add(newNode) shortOpenList(OLindex) = newNode.id OLindex += 1 Else Dim proposedG As Integer = currentNode.g + neighborNode.distance If proposedG < gValue(neighborNode.toSystem) Then changeParent(neighborNode.toSystem, currentNode.id, proposedG) End If End If End If Next 'Check to see if done If currentNode.id = endSystem Then Exit While End If End While If clarification is needed on my spaghetti code, I'll try to explain.

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  • As a game developer, which data structure use for develop the game? [duplicate]

    - by Rizwanabbasi
    This question already has an answer here: When should vector/list be used? 5 answers We are developing a game for bank robbery. The game plots a bank robbery. Lots of people witness that robbery. Our game will load the lists of suspected offenders while the players (witnesses) will have to identify the offenders of this robbery. Game should load list of offenders to identify the one as quickly as possible. Admin can add/remove offenders in the lists and two or more lists of offenders can also be merged into one (to show it to the player). As a game developer, which data structure we should use for develop the game? Justify your selection with solid arguments. Remember the most critical requirement is that the list should load super fast.

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  • Why do my LWJGL fonts have dots and lines around them?

    - by Jordan
    When we render fonts there are weird dots and lines around the text. I have no idea why this would happen. Here is an image of what it looks like: Our font class looks like this: package me.NJ.ComputerTycoon.Font; import me.NJ.ComputerTycoon.BaseObjects.UDim2; import org.lwjgl.opengl.Display; import org.newdawn.slick.Color; import org.newdawn.slick.TrueTypeFont; public class Font { public TrueTypeFont font; private int fontSize = 18; private String fontName = "Calibri"; private int fontStyle = java.awt.Font.BOLD; public Font(String fontName, int fontStyle, int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); //font. } public Font(int fontStyle, int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public Font(int fontSize) { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public Font() { font = new TrueTypeFont(new java.awt.Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize), true); } public void drawString(int x, int y, String s, Color color){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s, color); } public void drawString(int x, int y, String s){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s); } public void drawString(float x, float y, String s, Color color){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s, color); } public void drawString(float x, float y, String s){ this.font.drawString(x, y, s); } public void drawString(UDim2 udim, String s){ this.font.drawString((Display.getWidth() * udim.getX().getScale()) + udim.getX().getOffset(), (Display.getHeight() * udim.getY().getScale()) + udim.getY().getOffset(), s); } public String getFontName(){ return this.fontName; } public int getFontSize(){ return this.fontSize; } public TrueTypeFont getFont(){ return this.font; } } What could be causing this?

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  • Is there a way to use scala with html5?

    - by Maik Klein
    I want to create a very simple 2d multiplayer browsergame in html5. Something like Scalatron I mainly want to do this to improve my scala skills, the problem is I would have to code the clientside code in javascript and the serverside code in scala. This would result in duplicated code. Another option would be to ignore the html5 part and write it in opengl. But I would still prefer to have a html5 game. I could do this is in javascript, but then it would destroy the whole purpose of learning scala. Is there a way to use scala with html5? Or what would you recommend me to do?

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  • Turn-based Strategy Loop

    - by Djentleman
    I'm working on a strategy game. It's turn-based and card-based (think Dominion-style), done in a client, with eventual AI in the works. I've already implemented almost all of the game logic (methods for calculations and suchlike) and I'm starting to work on the actual game loop. What is the "best" way to implement a game loop in such a game? Should I use a simple "while gameActive" loop that keeps running until gameActive is False, with sections that wait for player input? Or should it be managed through the UI with player actions determining what happens and when? Any help is appreciated. I'm doing it in Python (for now at least) to get my Python skills up a bit, although the language shouldn't matter for this question.

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  • iOS - pass UIImage to shader as texture

    - by martin pilch
    I am trying to pass UIImage to GLSL shader. The fragment shader is: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture2; void main() { highp vec4 color = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); highp vec4 color2 = texture2D(inputImageTexture2, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = color * color2; } What I want to do is send images from camera and do multiply blend with texture. When I just send data from camera, everything is fine. So problem should be with sending another texture to shader. I am doing it this way: - (void)setTexture:(UIImage*)image forUniform:(NSString*)uniform { CGSize sizeOfImage = [image size]; CGFloat scaleOfImage = [image scale]; CGSize pixelSizeOfImage = CGSizeMake(scaleOfImage * sizeOfImage.width, scaleOfImage * sizeOfImage.height); //create context GLubyte * spriteData = (GLubyte *)malloc(pixelSizeOfImage.width * pixelSizeOfImage.height * 4 * sizeof(GLubyte)); CGContextRef spriteContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(spriteData, pixelSizeOfImage.width, pixelSizeOfImage.height, 8, pixelSizeOfImage.width * 4, CGImageGetColorSpace(image.CGImage), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); //draw image into context CGContextDrawImage(spriteContext, CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, pixelSizeOfImage.width, pixelSizeOfImage.height), image.CGImage); //get uniform of texture GLuint uniformIndex = glGetUniformLocation(__programPointer, [uniform UTF8String]); //generate texture GLuint textureIndex; glGenTextures(1, &textureIndex); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureIndex); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); //create texture glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, pixelSizeOfImage.width, pixelSizeOfImage.height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, spriteData); glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureIndex); //"send" to shader glUniform1i(uniformIndex, 1); free(spriteData); CGContextRelease(spriteContext); } Uniform for texture is fine, glGetUniformLocation function do not returns -1. The texture is PNG file of resolution 2000x2000 pixels. PROBLEM: When the texture is passed to shader, I have got "black screen". Maybe problem are parameters of the CGContext or parameters of the function glTexImage2D Thank you

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  • Texture mapping on gluDisk

    - by Marnix
    I'm trying to map a brick texture on the edge of a fountain and I'm using gluDisk for that. How can I make the right coordinates for the disk? My code looks like this and I have only found a function that takes the texture along with the camera. I want the cubic texture to be alongside of the fountain, but gluDisk does a linear mapping. How do I get a circular mapping? void Fountain::Draw() { glPushMatrix(); // push 1 this->ApplyWorldMatrixGL(); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // enable texturing glPushMatrix(); // push 2 glRotatef(90,-1,0,0); // rotate 90 for the quadric // also drawing more here... // stone texture glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texIDs[0]); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT); glPushMatrix(); // push 3 glTranslatef(0,0,height); // spherical texture generation // this piece of code doesn't work as I intended glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP); glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); GLUquadric *tub = gluNewQuadric(); gluQuadricTexture(tub, GL_TRUE); gluDisk(tub, radius, outerR, nrVertices, nrVertices); gluDeleteQuadric(tub); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); glPopMatrix(); // pop 3 // more drawing here... glPopMatrix(); // pop 2 // more drawing here... glPopMatrix(); // pop 1 } To refine my question a bit. This is an image of what it is at default (left) and of what I want (right). The texture should fit in the border of the disk, a lot of times. If this is possible with the texture matrix, than that's fine with me as well.

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  • View matrix in opengl

    - by user5584
    Hi! Sorry for my clumsy question. But I don't know where I am wrong at creating view matrix. I have the following code: createMatrix(vec4f(xAxis.x, xAxis.y, xAxis.z, dot(xAxis,eye)), vec4f( yAxis.x_, yAxis.y_, yAxis.z_, dot(yAxis,eye)), vec4f(-zAxis.x_, -zAxis.y_, -zAxis.z_, -dot(zAxis,eye)), vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1)); //column1, column2,... I have tried to transpose it, but with no success. I have also tried to use gluLookAt(...) with success. At the reference page, I watched the remarks about the to-be-created matrix, and it seems the same as mine. Where I am wrong?

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  • Xcode workspace with Unity3D as a sub-project?

    - by Di Wu
    Let's say we're developing a 2D game with Cocos2d-iPhone and UIKit and CoreAnimation. But we're also considering leveraging the 3D capabilities of Unity 3D. Is it possible that we add the Unity3D-generated Xcode project as a sub-project into the workspace and expose the 3D UI element as some kind of UIView subclass so that the native UIKit and CoreAnimation code could use them without the need to mess up with their underlying Unity3D implementation?

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  • Speeding up procedural texture generation

    - by FalconNL
    Recently I've begun working on a game that takes place in a procedurally generated solar system. After a bit of a learning curve (having neither worked with Scala, OpenGL 2 ES or Libgdx before), I have a basic tech demo going where you spin around a single procedurally textured planet: The problem I'm running into is the performance of the texture generation. A quick overview of what I'm doing: a planet is a cube that has been deformed to a sphere. To each side, a n x n (e.g. 256 x 256) texture is applied, which are bundled in one 8n x n texture that is sent to the fragment shader. The last two spaces are not used, they're only there to make sure the width is a power of 2. The texture is currently generated on the CPU, using the updated 2012 version of the simplex noise algorithm linked to in the paper 'Simplex noise demystified'. The scene I'm using to test the algorithm contains two spheres: the planet and the background. Both use a greyscale texture consisting of six octaves of 3D simplex noise, so for example if we choose 128x128 as the texture size there are 128 x 128 x 6 x 2 x 6 = about 1.2 million calls to the noise function. The closest you will get to the planet is about what's shown in the screenshot and since the game's target resolution is 1280x720 that means I'd prefer to use 512x512 textures. Combine that with the fact the actual textures will of course be more complicated than basic noise (There will be a day and night texture, blended in the fragment shader based on sunlight, and a specular mask. I need noise for continents, terrain color variation, clouds, city lights, etc.) and we're looking at something like 512 x 512 x 6 x 3 x 15 = 70 million noise calls for the planet alone. In the final game, there will be activities when traveling between planets, so a wait of 5 or 10 seconds, possibly 20, would be acceptable since I can calculate the texture in the background while traveling, though obviously the faster the better. Getting back to our test scene, performance on my PC isn't too terrible, though still too slow considering the final result is going to be about 60 times worse: 128x128 : 0.1s 256x256 : 0.4s 512x512 : 1.7s This is after I moved all performance-critical code to Java, since trying to do so in Scala was a lot worse. Running this on my phone (a Samsung Galaxy S3), however, produces a more problematic result: 128x128 : 2s 256x256 : 7s 512x512 : 29s Already far too long, and that's not even factoring in the fact that it'll be minutes instead of seconds in the final version. Clearly something needs to be done. Personally, I see a few potential avenues, though I'm not particularly keen on any of them yet: Don't precalculate the textures, but let the fragment shader calculate everything. Probably not feasible, because at one point I had the background as a fullscreen quad with a pixel shader and I got about 1 fps on my phone. Use the GPU to render the texture once, store it and use the stored texture from then on. Upside: might be faster than doing it on the CPU since the GPU is supposed to be faster at floating point calculations. Downside: effects that cannot (easily) be expressed as functions of simplex noise (e.g. gas planet vortices, moon craters, etc.) are a lot more difficult to code in GLSL than in Scala/Java. Calculate a large amount of noise textures and ship them with the application. I'd like to avoid this if at all possible. Lower the resolution. Buys me a 4x performance gain, which isn't really enough plus I lose a lot of quality. Find a faster noise algorithm. If anyone has one I'm all ears, but simplex is already supposed to be faster than perlin. Adopt a pixel art style, allowing for lower resolution textures and fewer noise octaves. While I originally envisioned the game in this style, I've come to prefer the realistic approach. I'm doing something wrong and the performance should already be one or two orders of magnitude better. If this is the case, please let me know. If anyone has any suggestions, tips, workarounds, or other comments regarding this problem I'd love to hear them.

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  • Spreadsheets in Game Design?

    - by Joey Green
    There have been two instances from the past two weeks that I've heard from well known successful game developers that they use spreadsheets when designing games. The first being David Whatley in this GDCVault video: http://gdcvault.com/play/1012372/From-Zero-to-Time-Magazine The second being the guys that do Walled Garden Weekly: http://walledgardenweekly.com/ David said he models everything out and uses excel models to see how everything plays out. What on earth is he talking about? Is it seeing how the game mechanics react to each other? Is there somewhere where I can learn more about how to do this? Thanks

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  • Alternative to Game State System?

    - by Ricket
    As far as I can tell, most games have some sort of "game state system" which switches between the different game states; these might be things like "Intro", "MainMenu", "CharacterSelect", "Loading", and "Game". On the one hand, it totally makes sense to separate these into a state system. After all, they are disparate and would otherwise need to be in a large switch statement, which is obviously messy; and they certainly are well represented by a state system. But at the same time, I look at the "Game" state and wonder if there's something wrong about this state system approach. Because it's like the elephant in the room; it's HUGE and obvious but nobody questions the game state system approach. It seems silly to me that "Game" is put on the same level as "Main Menu". Yet there isn't a way to break up the "Game" state. Is a game state system the best way to go? Is there some different, better technique to managing, well, the "game state"? Is it okay to have an intro state which draws a movie and listens for enter, and then a loading state which loops on the resource manager, and then the game state which does practically everything? Doesn't this seem sort of unbalanced to you, too? Am I missing something?

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  • Voxel Engine in Multiplayer?

    - by Oliver Schöning
    This is a question more out of Interest for now, because I am not even near to the point that I could create this project at the moment. I really like the progress on the Atomontage Engine. A Voxel engine that is WIP at the moment. I would like to create a Voxel SERVER eventually. First in JavaScript (That's what I am learning right now) later perhaps in C++ for speed. Remember, I am perfectly aware that this is very hard! This is a brainstorm for the next 10 years as for now. What I would like to achieve one day is a Multiplayer Game in the Browser where the voxels positions are updated by XYZ input from the server. The Browser Does only 3 things: sending player input to the server, updating Voxel positions send from the server and rendering the world. I imagine using something like the Three.js libary on the client side. So that would be my programming dream right there... Now to something simpler for the near future. Right now I am learning javascript. And I am making games with Construct2. (A really cool JavaScript "game maker") The plan is to create a 2D Voxel enviorment (Block Voxels) on the Socket.IO Server* and send the position of the Voxels and Players to the Client side which then positions the Voxel Blocks to the Server Output coordinates. I think that is a bit more manageable then the other bigger idea. And also there should be no worries about speed with this type of project in JavaScript (I hope). Extra Info: *I am using nodejs (Without really knowing what it does besides making Socket.IO work) So now some questions: Is the "dream project" doable in JavaScript? Or is C++ just the best option because it does not take as long to be interpreted at run time like JavaScript? What are the limitations? I can think of some: Need of a Powerful server depending on how much information the server has to process. Internet Speed; Sending the data of the Voxel positions to every player could add up being very high! The browser FPS might go down quickly if rendering to many objects. One way of fixing reducing the packages Could be to let the browser calculate some of the Voxel positions from Several Values. But that would slow down the Client side too. What about the more achievable project? I am almost 100% convinced that this is possible in JavaScript, and that there are several ways of doing this. This is just XY position Updating for now.. Hope this did make some sense. Please comment if you got something to say :D

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  • Having a hard time having consecutive animations for an attack

    - by Kelby Styler
    So I've been trying to figure this out for about 8 hours now...It's driving me nuts because I am pretty sure that it is something dead simple that I am just not understanding. I had everything working fine when I was just cycling through the animation: Idle - Attack - Attack 1 - Attack 2. Just in an infinite loop. The problem now is that I want it to go Attack - check if x time passes if ctrl pressed before x passes move to Attack 1, if not move back to Idle - Then either Attack 1 or Idle depending on how long has passed. I've almost gotten it a few time, but something always happens where it falls apart if I press ctrl too fast or after multiple cycles of the animation. Any help would be appreciated, I'm just at my wits end on this one. I've been looking at this so long that I just don't know where to go anymore. Code is below, here is the controller using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class MeleeAttack : MonoBehaviour { public int damage; public bool Attack; public bool Attack1; public bool Attack2; public bool Idle; private Animator animator; private int attnum = 0; private float count = 2f; private float timeLeft; //Gives value to damage output void MAttackDmg () { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.RightControl) || Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftControl)) { switch (attnum) { case (0): Attack = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack", Attack); attnum++; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; case (1): Attack1 = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack1", Attack1); attnum++; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; case (2): Attack2 = true; damage = 2; animator.SetBool ("Attack2", Attack2); attnum = 0; Idle = false; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); timeLeft = count; break; } } if (Input.GetKeyUp (KeyCode.RightControl) || Input.GetKeyUp (KeyCode.LeftControl)) { switch (attnum) { case (0): Debug.Log ("false"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Attack2 = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack2", Attack2); Debug.Log ("t1"); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; case (1): Debug.Log ("false1"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Debug.Log ("t2"); Attack = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack", Attack); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; case (2): Debug.Log ("false2"); damage = 0; if (timeLeft <= 0f) { Attack1 = false; animator.SetBool ("Attack1", Attack1); Debug.Log ("t3"); Idle = true; animator.SetBool ("Idle", Idle); attnum = 0; timeLeft = count; } break; } } } // Use this for initialization void Awake () { animator = GetComponent<Animator> (); } // Update is called once per frame void Update () { timeLeft -= Time.deltaTime;; MAttackDmg (); } void Start (){ timeLeft = count; } }

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  • Library like ENet, but for TCP?

    - by Milo
    I'm not looking to use boost::asio, it is overly complex for my needs. I'm building a game that is cross platform, for desktop, iPhone and Android. I found a library called ENet which is pretty much what I need, but it uses UDP which does not seem to support encryption and a few other things. Given that the game is an event driven card game, TCP seems like the right fit. However, all I have found is WINSOCK / berkley sockets and bost::asio. Here is a sample client server application with ENet: #include <enet/enet.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #include <iostream> class Host { ENetAddress address; ENetHost * server; ENetHost* client; ENetEvent event; public: Host() :server(NULL) { enet_initialize(); setupServer(); } void setupServer() { if(server) { enet_host_destroy(server); server = NULL; } address.host = ENET_HOST_ANY; /* Bind the server to port 1234. */ address.port = 1721; server = enet_host_create (& address /* the address to bind the server host to */, 32 /* allow up to 32 clients and/or outgoing connections */, 2 /* allow up to 2 channels to be used, 0 and 1 */, 0 /* assume any amount of incoming bandwidth */, 0 /* assume any amount of outgoing bandwidth */); } void daLoop() { while(true) { /* Wait up to 1000 milliseconds for an event. */ while (enet_host_service (server, & event, 5000) > 0) { ENetPacket * packet; switch (event.type) { case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT: printf ("A new client connected from %x:%u.\n", event.peer -> address.host, event.peer -> address.port); /* Store any relevant client information here. */ event.peer -> data = "Client information"; /* Create a reliable packet of size 7 containing "packet\0" */ packet = enet_packet_create ("packet", strlen ("packet") + 1, ENET_PACKET_FLAG_RELIABLE); /* Extend the packet so and append the string "foo", so it now */ /* contains "packetfoo\0" */ enet_packet_resize (packet, strlen ("packetfoo") + 1); strcpy ((char*)& packet -> data [strlen ("packet")], "foo"); /* Send the packet to the peer over channel id 0. */ /* One could also broadcast the packet by */ /* enet_host_broadcast (host, 0, packet); */ enet_peer_send (event.peer, 0, packet); /* One could just use enet_host_service() instead. */ enet_host_flush (server); break; case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE: printf ("A packet of length %u containing %s was received from %s on channel %u.\n", event.packet -> dataLength, event.packet -> data, event.peer -> data, event.channelID); /* Clean up the packet now that we're done using it. */ enet_packet_destroy (event.packet); break; case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT: printf ("%s disconected.\n", event.peer -> data); /* Reset the peer's client information. */ event.peer -> data = NULL; } } } } ~Host() { if(server) { enet_host_destroy(server); server = NULL; } atexit (enet_deinitialize); } }; class Client { ENetAddress address; ENetEvent event; ENetPeer *peer; ENetHost* client; public: Client() :peer(NULL) { enet_initialize(); setupPeer(); } void setupPeer() { client = enet_host_create (NULL /* create a client host */, 1 /* only allow 1 outgoing connection */, 2 /* allow up 2 channels to be used, 0 and 1 */, 57600 / 8 /* 56K modem with 56 Kbps downstream bandwidth */, 14400 / 8 /* 56K modem with 14 Kbps upstream bandwidth */); if (client == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "An error occurred while trying to create an ENet client host.\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Connect to some.server.net:1234. */ enet_address_set_host (& address, "192.168.2.13"); address.port = 1721; /* Initiate the connection, allocating the two channels 0 and 1. */ peer = enet_host_connect (client, & address, 2, 0); if (peer == NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "No available peers for initiating an ENet connection.\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Wait up to 5 seconds for the connection attempt to succeed. */ if (enet_host_service (client, & event, 20000) > 0 && event.type == ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT) { std::cout << "Connection to some.server.net:1234 succeeded." << std::endl; } else { /* Either the 5 seconds are up or a disconnect event was */ /* received. Reset the peer in the event the 5 seconds */ /* had run out without any significant event. */ enet_peer_reset (peer); puts ("Connection to some.server.net:1234 failed."); } } void daLoop() { ENetPacket* packet; /* Create a reliable packet of size 7 containing "packet\0" */ packet = enet_packet_create ("backet", strlen ("backet") + 1, ENET_PACKET_FLAG_RELIABLE); /* Extend the packet so and append the string "foo", so it now */ /* contains "packetfoo\0" */ enet_packet_resize (packet, strlen ("backetfoo") + 1); strcpy ((char*)& packet -> data [strlen ("backet")], "foo"); /* Send the packet to the peer over channel id 0. */ /* One could also broadcast the packet by */ /* enet_host_broadcast (host, 0, packet); */ enet_peer_send (event.peer, 0, packet); /* One could just use enet_host_service() instead. */ enet_host_flush (client); while(true) { /* Wait up to 1000 milliseconds for an event. */ while (enet_host_service (client, & event, 1000) > 0) { ENetPacket * packet; switch (event.type) { case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE: printf ("A packet of length %u containing %s was received from %s on channel %u.\n", event.packet -> dataLength, event.packet -> data, event.peer -> data, event.channelID); /* Clean up the packet now that we're done using it. */ enet_packet_destroy (event.packet); break; } } } } ~Client() { atexit (enet_deinitialize); } }; int main() { std::string a; std::cin >> a; if(a == "host") { Host host; host.daLoop(); } else { Client c; c.daLoop(); } return 0; } I looked at some socket tutorials and they seemed a bit too low level. I just need something that abstracts away the platform (eg, no WINSOCKS) and that has basic ability to keep track of connected clients and send them messages. Thanks

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