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  • Input prediction and server re-simultaion

    - by Lope
    I have read plenty of articles about multiplayer principles and I have basic client-server system set up. There is however one thing I am not clear on. When player enters input, it is sent to the server and steps back in time to check if what should have happened at the time of that input and it resimulates the world again. So far everything's clear. All articles took shooting as an example, because it is easy to explain and it is pretty straightforward, but I believe movement is more complicated. Imagine following situation: 2 players move towards each other. A------<------B Player A stops halfway towards the collision point, but there is lag spike so the command does not arrive on the server for a second or so. Current state of the world on the server (and on the other clients as well) at the time when input arrives is this: [1]: -------AB------- The command arrives and we go back in time and re-simulate the world, the result is this: [2]: ---AB----------- Player A sees situation [2] which is correct, but the player is suddenly teleported from the position in [1] (center) to the position in [2]. Is this how this is supposed to work? Point of the client prediction is to give lagged player feeling that everything is smooth, not to ruin experience for other players. Alternative is to discard timestamp on the player's input and handle it when it arrives on the server without going back in time. This, however, creates even more severe problems for lagged player (even if he is lagging just a bit)

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  • Fast lighting with multple lights

    - by codymanix
    How can I implement fast lighting with multiple lights? I don't want to restrain the player, he can place an unlimited number and possibly overlapping (point) lights into the level. The problem is that shaders which contain dynamic loops which would be necessary to calculate the lighting tend to be very slow. I had the idea that if it could be possible at compiletime to compile a shader n times where n is the number of lights. If the number n is known at compiletime, the loops can be unrolled automatically. Is this possible to generate n versions of the same shader with just a different number of lights? At runtime I could then decide which shader to use for which part of the level.

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  • Variable number of GUI Buttons

    - by Wakaka
    I have a generic HTML5 Canvas GUI Button class and a Scene class. The Scene class has a method called createButton(), which will create a new Button with onclick parameter and store it in a list of buttons. I call createButton() for all UI buttons when initializing the Scene. Because buttons can appear and disappear very often during rendering, Scene would first deactivate all buttons (temporarily remove their onclick, onmouseover etc property) before each render frame. During rendering, the renderer would then activate the required buttons for that frame. The problem is that part of the UI requires a variable number of buttons, and their onclick, onmouseover etc properties change frequently. An example is a buffs system. The UI will list all buffs as square sprites for the current unit selected, and mousing over each square will bring up a tooltip with some information on the buff. But the number of buffs is variable thus I won't know how many buttons to create at the start. What's the best way to solve this problem? P.S. My game is in Javascript, and I know I can use HTML buttons, but would like to make my game purely Canvas-based. Create buttons on-the-fly during rendering. Thus I will only have buttons when I require them. After the render frame these buttons would be useless and removed. Create a fixed set of buttons that I'm going to assume the number of buffs per unit won't exceed. During each render frame activate the buttons accordingly and set their onmouseover property. Assign a button to each Buff instance. This sounds wrong as the buff button is a part of the GUI which can only have one unit selected. Assigning a button to every single Buff in the game seems to be overkill. Also, I would need to change the button's position every render frame since its order in the unit's list of buffs matter. Any other solutions? I'm actually quite for idea (1) but am worried about the memory/time issues of creating a new Button() object every render frame. But this is in Javascript where object creation is oh-so-common ({} mainly) due to automatic garbage collection. What is your take on this? Thanks!

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  • State Changes in a Component Based Architecture [closed]

    - by Maxem
    I'm currently working on a game and using the naive component based architecture thingie (Entities are a bag of components, entity.Update() calls Update on each updateable component), while the addition of new features is really simple, it makes a few things really difficult: a) multithreading / currency b) networking c) unit testing. Multithreading / Concurrency is difficult because I basically have to do poor mans concurrency (running the entity updates in separate threads while locking only stuff that crashes (like lists) and ignoring the staleness of read state (some states are already updated, others aren't)) Networking: There are no explicit state changes that I could efficiently push over the net. Unit testing: All updates may or may not conflict, so automated testing is at least awkward. I was thinking about these issues a bit and would like your input on these changes / idea: Switch from the naive cba to a cba with sub systems that work on lists of components Make all state changes explicit Combine 1 and 2 :p Example world update: statePostProcessing.Wait() // ensure that post processing has finished Apply(postProcessedState) state = new StateBag() Concurrently( () => LifeCycleSubSystem.Update(state), // populates the state bag () => MovementSubSystem.Update(state), // populates the state bag .... }) statePostProcessing = Future(() => PostProcess(state)) statePostProcessing.Start() // Tick is finished, the post processing happens in the background So basically the changes are (consistently) based on the data for the last tick; the post processing can a) generate network packages and b) fix conflicts / remove useless changes (example: entity has been destroyed - ignore movement etc.). EDIT: To clarify the granularity of the state changes: If I save these post processed state bags and apply them to an empty world, I see exactly what has happened in the game these state bags originated from - "Free" replay capability. EDIT2: I guess I should have used the term Event instead of State Change and point out that I kind of want to use the Event Sourcing pattern

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  • XNA content.load Dependancy

    - by Richard
    Quick question, My project i'm building for test purposes is working fine but i have dependencies flying around everywhere due to the XNA framework. In Update i have gametime passed everywhere... this is okay. In Draw i have gametime & spritebatch passed everywhere... this is okay. My issue is in the content.load textures/sounds/fonts. I have them as public variables ie Texture1 = Content.load(of texture2d)("Texture1") I'm passing a 'Game1' pointer into the constructor of every new class being instantiated to gain access to these variables. Am i missing an OOP trick to prevent me having to pass a pointer to 'game1' to every New class?

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  • Open Source HTML/JS game(s) with license that would allow embedding in my app?

    - by DustMason
    I'm working on an educational app for kids. At the end of the sign-up process, the kids must wait for a confirmation from their parents in order to gain access to the app. While they wait for this to happen, we want to let the kid play a simple game as a way to keep their interest up. Is there a marketplace or repository for games with such a license that we could either purchase (affordably) or use for free in our own app?

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  • SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

    - by Bounderby
    The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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  • What is a normalized Vector?

    - by draiden
    Can someone explain the following code? I need to learn what each part means so I can turn it into enemy movement in a space shoot-em-up Vec2d playerPos; Vec2d direction; // always normalized float velocity; I get the above is naming two 2d Vector objects, and creating a variable called velocity. I'm not sure what the normalized comment is about, though. update() { direction = normalize(playerPos - enemyPos); playerPos = playerPos + direction * velocity; }

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  • What file formats and conventions should I support to make my game engine artist-friendly?

    - by Avi
    I'm writing a game engine, and I want to know what I should do to make it more artist-friendly. I don't want to be too limiting in terms of what file formats I support, etc. Some specific questions: Are there specific formats artists like to model in? Does it not matter because the 3D modeler abstracts the data storage away? Is it okay if I don't support per-vertex coloration in my game engine? If I have to store a diffuse, specular, ambient, and emissive color value for each vertex, it doubles the size of vertices in the buffer. Is it reasonable to ask artists to do all these things in textures / maps? Any other tips you have about making it so that artists have to adapt their style to my specific engine as little as possible would be nice.

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  • Spawning bullets on command in Box2D

    - by recharge330
    I'm making a simple bullet hell game but I can't figure out how to get my character to shoot. Lets say I have bulletBody and shipBody, how would I continually spawn bulletBodies using the shipBody coordinates. I've tried a function that uses an array of b2bodies and just assigns them the bodydef and fixture but that causes the game to crash. C++ sample code would be best but any help is appreciated. EDIT: It looks like any reference to my b2World in a function will cause the game to crash. How do I declare the bodies without using a b2World as an argument in the function.

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  • Reflection velocity

    - by MindSeeker
    I'm trying to get a moving circular object to bounce (elastically) off of an immovable circular object. Am I doing this right? (The results look right, but I hate to trust that alone, and I can't find a tutorial that tackles this problem and includes the nitty gritty math/code to verify what I'm doing). If it is right, is there a better/faster/more elegant way to do this? Note that the object (this) is the moving circle, and the EntPointer object is the immovable circle. //take vector separating the two centers <x, y>, and then get unit vector of the result: MathVector2d unitnormal = MathVector2d(this -> Retxpos() - EntPointer -> Retxpos(), this -> Retypos() - EntPointer -> Retypos()).UnitVector(); //take tangent <-y, x> of the unitnormal: MathVector2d unittangent = MathVector2d(-unitnormal.ycomp, unitnormal.xcomp); MathVector2d V1 = MathVector2d(this -> Retxvel(), this -> Retyvel()); //Calculate the normal and tangent vector lengths of the velocity: (the normal changes, the tangent stays the same) double LengthNormal = DotProduct(unitnormal, V1); double LengthTangent = DotProduct(unittangent, V1); MathVector2d VelVecNewNormal = unitnormal.ScalarMultiplication(-LengthNormal); //the negative of what it was before MathVector2d VelVecNewTangent = unittangent.ScalarMultiplication(LengthTangent); //this stays the same MathVector2d NewVel = VectorAddition(VelVecNewNormal, VelVecNewTangent); //combine them xvel = NewVel.xcomp; //and then apply them yvel = NewVel.ycomp; Note also that this question is just about velocity, the position code is handled elsewhere (in other words, assume that this code is implemented at the exact moment that the circles begin to overlap). Thanks in advance for your help and time!

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  • ECS with Go - circular imports [migrated]

    - by Andreas
    I'm exploring both Go and Entity-Component-Systems. I understand how ECS works, and I'm trying to replicate what seems to be the go-to document of ECS, namely http://cowboyprogramming.com/2007/01/05/evolve-your-heirachy/ For performance, the document recommends to use static arrays of every component type. That is, not arrays of component interfaces (arrays of pointers). The problem with this in Go is circular imports. I have one package, ecs, which contains the definitions for Entity, Component and System types/interfaces as well as an EntityManager. Another package, ecs/components, contains the various components. Obviously, the ecs/components package depends on ecs. But, to declare arrays of specific components in EntityManager, ecs would depend on ecs/components, therefore creating a circular import. Is there any way of avoiding this? I am aware that normally a high level system should not depend on lower systems. I'm also want to point out that using an array of pointers is probably fast enough for my purposes, but I'm interested in possible workarounds (for future reference) Thank you for your help!

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  • Problem when texturing triangles using glVertexPointer()

    - by tigrou
    I'm having a problem for displaying a single quad, here is how i do : float tex_coord[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }; //how many coords should i give ? int indexes[] = { 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 3 } float vertexes[] = { -37, 0, 30, -38, 0, 29, -41, 0, 32, -42, 0, 31 } glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexes); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, tex_coord); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 2, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); The result : (with 2 triangles) (with 4 triangles)

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  • Vertex data split into separate buffers or one one structure?

    - by kiba2
    Is it better to have all vertex data in one structure like this: class MyVertex { int x,y,z; int u,v; int normalx, normaly, normalz; } Or to have each component (location, normal, texture coordinates) in separate arrays/buffers? To me it always seemed logical to keep the data grouped together in one structure because they'd always be the same for each instance of a shared vertex and that seems to be true for things like character models (ex: the normal should be an average of adjacent normals for smooth lighting). One instance where this doesn't seem to work is other kinds of meshes like say a cube where the texture coordinates for each may be the same but that causes them to be different where the vertices are shared. Does everybody normally keep them separate? Won't this make them less space efficient if there needs to be an instance of texture coordinates and normals for each triangle vertex (They won't be indexed)? Can OpenGL even handle this mixing of indexed (for location) vs non-indexed buffers in the same VBO?

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  • How can I make this arcade-highscore game more fun/interesting?

    - by j-a
    I'm having difficulties getting the fun factor into this iPhone game, and I am looking for some ideas or advice. I was asked to generalize the question a bit. What are some techniques for arcade highscore games that can be applied to this game in order to: Make each second of the game fun and challenging, from the first second to the end of the game. Regardless of skill level. Make the player want to try again and again to beat the high score. Briefly about the game: you aim using your finger and pull the bow chord and release by lifting your finger. That part feels quite nice how the bow interacts with the finger. The game idea: hearts fall down and you get 1 pt for each heart you shoot. You start with a few arrows and every now and then a bag of arrow comes down which - if you hit it, you get more arrows. Once your out of arrows the game is over. So it is all about beating your previous high score or your friends high scores. Unfortunately I don't find it that fun. Thankful for any ideas/suggestions/thoughts on how to make it more fun/interesting.

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  • Box2D random crash when adding joints

    - by user46624
    I'm currently working on a project which uses Box2D, when the player uses a certain key it should anchor to the ground. For that I use a weld joint, but when I add the joint the game will sometimes crash, it has a 1/10 change to crash. The error I recieve: Showing the controller Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 11 at org.jbox2d.dynamics.Island.add(Island.java:577) at org.jbox2d.dynamics.World.solve(World.java:1073) at org.jbox2d.dynamics.World.step(World.java:598) The code for adding the joints: WeldJointDef def = new WeldJointDef(); def.initialize(body, anchoredObject.body, body.getWorldCenter()); weldJoint = (WeldJoint) world.createJoint(def); I still get the error if I synchronize it

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  • Could I be going crazy with Event Handlers? Am I going the "wrong way" with my design?

    - by sensae
    I guess I've decided that I really like event handlers. I may be suffering a bit from analysis paralysis, but I'm concerned about making my design unwieldy or running into some other unforeseen consequence to my design decisions. My game engine currently does basic sprite-based rendering with a panning overhead camera. My design looks a bit like this: SceneHandler Contains a list of classes that implement the SceneListener interface (currently only Sprites). Calls render() once per tick, and sends onCameraUpdate(); messages to SceneListeners. InputHandler Polls the input once per tick, and sends a simple "onKeyPressed" message to InputListeners. I have a Camera InputListener which holds a SceneHandler instance and triggers updateCamera(); events based on what the input is. AgentHandler Calls default actions on any Agents (AI) once per tick, and will check a stack for any new events that are registered, dispatching them to specific Agents as needed. So I have basic sprite objects that can move around a scene and use rudimentary steering behaviors to travel. I've gotten onto collision detection, and this is where I'm not sure the direction my design is going is good. Is it a good practice to have many, small event handlers? I imagine going the way I am that I'd have to implement some kind of CollisionHandler. Would I be better off with a more consolidated EntityHandler which handles AI, collision updates, and other entity interactions in one class? Or will I be fine just implementing many different event handling subsystems which pass messages to each other based on what kind of event it is? Should I write an EntityHandler which is simply responsible for coordinating all these sub event handlers? I realize in some cases, such as my InputHandler and SceneHandler, those are very specific types of events. A large portion of my game code won't care about input, and a large portion won't care about updates that happen purely in the rendering of the scene. Thus I feel my isolation of those systems is justified. However, I'm asking this question specifically approaching game logic type events.

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  • Why RenderTarget2D overwrites other objects when trying to put some text in a model?

    - by cad
    I am trying to draw an object composited by two cubes (A & B) (one on top of the other, but for now I have them a little bit more open). I am able to do it and this is the result. (Cube A is the blue and Cube B is the one with brown text that comes from a png texture) But I want to have any text as parameter in the cube B. I have tried what @alecnash suggested in his question, but for some reason when I try to draw cube B, cube A dissapears and everything turns purple. This is my draw code: public void Draw(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, SpriteBatch spriteBatch, Matrix viewMatrix, Matrix projectionMatrix) { graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; graphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; graphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearClamp; // CUBE A basicEffect.View = viewMatrix; basicEffect.Projection = projectionMatrix; basicEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(ModelPosition); basicEffect.VertexColorEnabled = true; foreach (EffectPass pass in basicEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); drawCUBE_TOP(graphicsDevice); drawCUBE_Floor(graphicsDevice); DrawFullSquareStripesFront(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesLeft(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesRight(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); DrawFullSquareStripesBack(graphicsDevice, _numStrips, Color.Red, Color.Blue, _levelPercentage); } // CUBE B // Set the World matrix which defines the position of the cube texturedCubeEffect.World = Matrix.CreateTranslation(ModelPosition); // Set the View matrix which defines the camera and what it's looking at texturedCubeEffect.View = viewMatrix; // Set the Projection matrix which defines how we see the scene (Field of view) texturedCubeEffect.Projection = projectionMatrix; // Enable textures on the Cube Effect. this is necessary to texture the model texturedCubeEffect.TextureEnabled = true; Texture2D a = SpriteFontTextToTexture(graphicsDevice, spriteBatch, arialFont, "TEST ", Color.Black, Color.GhostWhite); texturedCubeEffect.Texture = a; //texturedCubeEffect.Texture = cubeTexture; // Enable some pretty lights texturedCubeEffect.EnableDefaultLighting(); // apply the effect and render the cube foreach (EffectPass pass in texturedCubeEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); cubeToDraw.RenderToDevice(graphicsDevice); } } private Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, SpriteBatch spriteBatch, SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Vector2 Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(graphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); graphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); spriteBatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture //spriteBatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(graphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); spriteBatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); spriteBatch.End(); graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } The way I generate texture with dynamic text is: Texture2D a = SpriteFontTextToTexture(graphicsDevice, spriteBatch, arialFont, "TEST ", Color.Black, Color.GhostWhite); After commenting several parts to see what caused the problem, it seems to be located in this line graphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget);

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  • Simple moving object jitters every couple of seconds [on hold]

    - by Liam
    I'm trying to get smooth movement in my game, right now every couple of seconds the moving square jitters. I'm using C++ with SDL2. I made a very simple project to test different methods so all that's happening is a box moves across the screen. Here's a pastebin of the code http://pastebin.com/7YxxSw0D Here's a link to a dropbox folder containing the 'game' https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0ygntl140qv8iv0/AABVuuk6khArOJmdBi1OaFlua?dl=0 Any input would be greatly appreciated, and let me know if you need any more info. Thanks!

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  • OpenGL ES 2.0. Sprite Sheet Animation

    - by Project Dumbo Dev
    I've found a bunch of tutorials on how to make this work on Open GL 1 & 1.1 but I can't find it for 2.0. I would work it out by loading the texture and use a matrix on the vertex shader to move through the sprite sheet. I'm looking for the most efficient way to do it. I've read that when you do the thing I'm proposing you are constantly changing the VBO's and that that is not good. Edit: Been doing some research myself. Came upon this two Updating Texture and referring to the one before PBO's. I can't use PBO's since i'm using ES version of OpenGL so I suppose the best way is to make FBO's but, what I still don't get, is if I should create a Sprite atlas/batch and make a FBO/loadtexture for each frame of if I should load every frame into the buffer and change just de texture directions.

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  • How to debug Android App Eclipse?

    - by user2534694
    Ok. So while this isnt a programming question. I wanted to know how do people debug apps? How do you view log cat, and where these exceptions are thrown etc? And do I need to run the app on the emulator to see all the stuff, or is there a way to view this after running the app on my phone(while not being connected to the computer) Links to plugins and tips would be really helpful, as im gonna start work on my next game, and while the first one works fine, had a lot of problems while debugging.

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  • What should I do if my text exceeds my text render target boundaries?

    - by user1423893
    I have a method for drawing strings in 3D that does the following: Set a render target Draw each character as a quadrangle using a orthographic projection to the render target Unset the render target Draw the render target texture using a perspective projection and a world transform My problem is how to deal with strings whose characters length exceeds that of the render target dimensions? For example if I have string "This is a reallllllllllly long string" and the render target can't accommodate it, it will only capture "This is a realllll". The render target (and its size) could be set each frame but wouldn't that be far too costly?

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  • Reasons to disable game save during combat (e.g. Mass Effect 2)

    - by Steve V.
    So I've been playing Mass Effect 2 (PC) and one of the things I've noticed is that you can only save your game when you're not engaged in combat. As soon as the first enemy shows up on your radar, the save button is disabled. Once combat is over, save functionality reappears. It seems reasonable to assume that Mass Effect 2 is a state machine, and therefore, the internal state of the program at any moment can be captured and reloaded later. This is basically a solved problem - games have been designed this way since the Half-Life era. It also seems reasonable to assume that BioWare knew what they were doing when they made the decision not to follow this model - it's a tried and true system; BioWare wouldn't have done it the way they did without some good reason. What reasons are there to disable game save functionality during combat?

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  • Getting Started with Component Architecture: DI?

    - by ashes999
    I just moved away from MVC towards something more component-architecture-like. I have no concept of messages yet (it's rough prototype code), objects just get internal properties and values of other classes for now. That issue aside, it seems like this is turning into an aspect-oriented-programming challenge. I've noticed that all entities with, for example, a position component will have similar properties (get/set X/Y/Z, rotation, velocity). Is it a common practice, and/or good idea, to push these behind an interface and use dependency injection to inject a generic class (eg. PositionComponent) which already has all the boiler-plate code? (I'm sure the answer will affect the model I use for message/passing)

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