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• Good practices when optimizing HTML5/Javascript Game Developement [closed]

  - by hustlerinc

  I'm just starting out as a game developer and have created a few crappy but playable clones of classic games like pong, and bomberman. Being self taught (bless the internet) I do this by just stuffing in code to make the games work. Now I feel the time has come to create something complete, for this I need to know how a game is structured. I've searched on the web but there isn't that much to be found. The only "high-level" language I know is javascript so reading a tutorial or article based on C++ doesn't help me that much. I'm looking for good resource's pedagogically covering the theory and possibly examples (in Javascript or pseudo code that is understandable for a beginner) of how the game pieces fit together. From the start screen to asset loading and running the game loop. I'm not looking for anything complicated like reading through a 4000 line source code. All I want to learn is where, how and when the main parts of every game should be called. If you know any good resources to share, or maybe even have an answer for me I would deeply appreciate it.

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• How can I read from multiple textures in an OpenGL ES 2 shader?

  - by Peyman Tahghighi

  How can I enable more than one texture in OpenGL ES 2 so that I can sample from all of them in my shader? For example, I'm trying to read from two different textures in my shader for the player's car. This is how I'm currently dealing with the texture for my car: glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, this->texture2DObj); glUniform1i(1, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->vertexBuffer); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); int offset = 0; glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize,(const void *)offset); offset += 3 * sizeof(GLfloat); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, this->vertexBufferSize, (const void*)offset); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this->indexBuffer); glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, this->indexBufferSize, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

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• How can I make a collection of mini-games in XNA where the user can download packs of minigames and the main .exe can run them without being altered?

  - by Pyroka

  I'm currently making a PC game in XNA. It's actually a collection of mini-games (there's 3 mini-games at the moment) however I plan to make and add more, in downloadable 'packs'. My question is, what's the best way to achieve this? Currently my thoughts are: Create a 'game' interface Build games to this interface but create them as .dlls Have the main .exe file scan a directory and load in the .dlls at runtime. I've not messed around with the idea much, but I know there are applications at-least that use this plug-in approach (Notepad++ seems to), but I'm not sure of any games that do (although I'm sure they must exist). However it seems that this is a problem that has been solved previously, so I'm wondering if there's any form of established best-practice.

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• How can you represent equip-able items in a 2d game?

  - by ThePlan

  I've been working on an item system for a post-apocalyptic RPG, with diablo as inspiration, and it would be awesome if I could visually represent an item that can be equipped on the player sprite. I was thinking you could have a player sprite with certain animations, then the equipped item would be drawn as if it was on the player with the same animations, so it syncs with the player animations but that couldn't work very smoothly, I imagine there's a better system. How can you graphically represent an item worn on the player, which moves like he does, and looks as if he's wearing it? I'm not asking you how to do it in framework X or platform X (altho if you REALLY need it, I'm using Allegro 5 with codeblocks on win XP) but instead I'm asking you how to generally program such an idea.

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• Memory is full with vertex buffer

  - by Christian Frantz

  I'm having a pretty strange problem that I didn't think I'd run into. I was able to store a 50x50 grid in one vertex buffer finally, in hopes of better performance. Before I had each cube have an individual vertex buffer and with 4 50x50 grids, this slowed down my game tremendously. But it still ran. With 4 50x50 grids with my new code, that's only 4 vertex buffers. With the 4 vertex buffers, I get a memory error. When I load the game with 1 grid, it takes forever to load and with my previous version, it started up right away. So I don't know if I'm storing chunks wrong or what but it stumped me -.- for (int x = 0; x < 50; x++) { for (int z = 0; z < 50; z++) { for (int y = 0; y <= map[x, z]; y++) { SetUpVertices(); SetUpIndices(); cubes.Add(new Cube(device, new Vector3(x, map[x, z] - y, z), grass)); } } } vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(device, typeof(VertexPositionTexture), vertices.Count(), BufferUsage.WriteOnly); vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionTexture>(vertices.ToArray()); indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(device, typeof(short), indices.Count(), BufferUsage.WriteOnly); indexBuffer.SetData(indices.ToArray()); Thats how theyre stored. The array I'm reading from is a byte array which defines the coordinates of my map. Now with my old version, I used the same loading from an array so that hasn't changed. The only difference is the one vertex buffer instead of 2500 for a 50x50 grid. cubes is just a normal list that holds all my cubes for the vertex buffer. Another thing that just came to mind would be my draw calls. If I'm setting an effect for each cube in my cube list, that's probably going to take a lot of memory. How can I avoid doing this? I need the foreach method to set my cubes to the right position foreach (Cube block in cube.cubes) { effect.VertexColorEnabled = false; effect.TextureEnabled = true; Matrix center = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f)); Matrix scale = Matrix.CreateScale(1f); Matrix translate = Matrix.CreateTranslation(block.cubePosition); effect.World = center * scale * translate; effect.View = cam.view; effect.Projection = cam.proj; effect.FogEnabled = false; effect.FogColor = Color.CornflowerBlue.ToVector3(); effect.FogStart = 1.0f; effect.FogEnd = 50.0f; cube.Draw(effect); noc++; }

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• Defining and selecting an area from an image

  - by meth0d_

  I want to create a game, where the world is loaded from an image file, much like Paradox Interactive does it for their games. If I have this image: Then the red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, white, black and grey should be different provinces. I know how to loop through them, and check if it's a new province, the problem is that I don't know how to define the region of the province for selection: I don't know how I can load in data, to make sure you can click anywhere on that province, and make sure it gets selected.

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• How can I support scrolling when using batched rendering for my tiles?

  - by dardanel

  I have tiled map 100*75 and tiles are 32*32 pixel.I want to use batching for performance .I don't figure it out , because of my game needs scrolling and every frame i draw 22*16 tiles (my screen is 20*16 tile) .I thought that batching tiles for every frame .Is it good or any suggestion? edit :to more clarify I want to use occlusion culling and batching at the same time.I thought that drawing only visible areas and batching them together .But there is a something i couldn't figure out .When scrolling screen with translate matrix , if one row become invisible , I bind new row and batch them again.Every batched objects needs to buffer again.So I batch tiles and buffer to VBO every time when one row become invisible .I don't know these way is efficient or not .This is my question .And i am open to any suggestions.

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• XNA WP7 Texture memory and ContentManager

  - by jlongstreet

  I'm trying to get my WP7 XNA game's memory under control and under the 90MB limit for submission. One target I identified was UI textures, especially fullscreen ones, that would never get unloaded. So I moved UI texture loads to their own ContentManager so I can unload them. However, this doesn't seem to affect the value of Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceExtendedProperties.GetValue("ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage"), so it doesn't look like the memory is actually being released. Example: splash screens. In Game.LoadContent(): Application.Instance.SetContentManager("UI"); // set the current content manager for (int i = 0; i < mSplashTextures.Length; ++i) { // load the splash textures mSplashTextures[i] = Application.Instance.Content.Load<Texture2D>(msSplashTextureNames[i]); } // set the content manager back to the global one Application.Instance.SetContentManager("Global"); When the initial load is done and the title screen starts, I do: Application.Instance.GetContentManager("UI").Unload(); The three textures take about 6.5 MB of memory. Before unloading the UI ContentManager, I see that ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage is at 34.29 MB. After unloading the ContentManager (and doing a full GC.Collect()), it's still at 34.29 MB. But after that, I load another fullscreen texture (for the title screen background) and memory usage still doesn't change. Could it be keeping the memory for these textures allocated and reusing it? edit: very simple test: protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); PrintMemUsage("Before texture load: "); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here red = this.Content.Load<Texture2D>("Untitled"); PrintMemUsage("After texture load: "); } private void PrintMemUsage(string tag) { Debug.WriteLine(tag + Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceExtendedProperties.GetValue("ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage")); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); // TODO: Add your update logic here if (count++ == 100) { GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); PrintMemUsage("Before CM unload: "); this.Content.Dispose(); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); PrintMemUsage("After CM unload: "); red = null; spriteBatch.Dispose(); GC.Collect(); GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); PrintMemUsage("After SpriteBatch Dispose(): "); } base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here if (red != null) { spriteBatch.Begin(); spriteBatch.Draw(red, new Vector2(0,0), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } This prints something like (it changes every time): Before texture load: 7532544 After texture load: 10727424 Before CM unload: 9875456 After CM unload: 9953280 After SpriteBatch Dispose(): 9953280

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• Trying to use stencils in 2D while retaining layer depth

  - by Steve

  This is a screen of what's going on just so you can get a frame of reference. http://i935.photobucket.com/albums/ad199/fobwashed/tilefloors.png The problem I'm running into is that my game is slowing down due to the amount of texture swapping I'm doing during my draw call. Since walls, characters, floors, and all objects are on their respective sprite sheet containing those types, per tile draw, the loaded texture is swapping no less than 3 to 5+ times as it cycles and draws the sprites in order to layer properly. Now, I've tried throwing all common objects together into their respective lists, and then using layerDepth drawing them that way which makes things a lot better, but the new problem I'm running into has to do with the way my doors/windows are drawn on walls. Namely, I was using stencils to clear out a block on the walls that are drawn in the shape of the door/window so that when the wall would draw, it would have a door/window sized hole in it. This is the way my draw was set up for walls when I was going tile by tile rather than grouped up common objects. first it would check to see if a door/window was on this wall. If not, it'd skip all the steps and just draw normally. Otherwise end the current spriteBatch Clear the buffers with a transparent color to preserve what was already drawn start a new spritebatch with stencil settings draw the door area end the spriteBatch start a new spritebatch that takes into account the previously set stencil draw the wall which will now be drawn with a hole in it end that spritebatch start a new spritebatch with the normal settings to continue drawing tiles In the tile by tile draw, clearing the depth/stencil buffers didn't matter since I wasn't using any layerDepth to organize what draws on top of what. Now that I'm drawing from lists of common objects rather than tile by tile, it has sped up my draw call considerably but I can't seem to figure out a way to keep the stencil system to mask out the area a door or window will be drawn into a wall. The root of the problem is that when I end a spriteBatch to change the DepthStencilState, it flattens the current RenderTarget and there is no longer any depth sorting for anything drawn further down the line. This means walls always get drawn on top of everything regardless of depth or positioning in the game world and even on top of each other as the stencil has to happen once for every wall that has a door or window. Does anyone know of a way to get around this? To boil it down, I need a way to draw having things sorted by layer depth while also being able to stencil/mask out portions of specific sprites.

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• ArrayList of Entites Random Movement

  - by opiop65

  I have an arraylist of entites that I want to move randomly. No matter what I do, they won't move. Here is my female class: import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Rectangle; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class Female extends Entity { static int femaleX = 0; static int femaleY = 0; double walkSpeed = .1f; Random rand = new Random(); int random; int dir; Player player; public Female(int posX, int posY) { super(posX, posY); } public void update() { posX += femaleX; posY += femaleY; } public void draw(Graphics2D g2d) { g2d.drawImage(getFemaleImg(), posX, posY, null); if (Player.showBounds == true) { g2d.draw(getBounds()); } } public Image getFemaleImg() { ImageIcon ic = new ImageIcon("res/female.png"); return ic.getImage(); } public Rectangle getBounds() { return new Rectangle(posX, posY, getFemaleImg().getHeight(null), getFemaleImg().getWidth(null)); } public void moveFemale() { random = rand.nextInt(3); System.out.println(random); if (random == 0) { dir = 0; posX -= (int) walkSpeed; } } } And here is how I update the female class in the main class: public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { player.update(); for(int i = 0; i < females.size(); i++){ Female tempFemale = females.get(i); tempFemale.update(); } repaint(); } If I do something like this(in the female update method): public void update() { posX += femaleX; posY += femaleY; posX -= walkSpeed; } The characters move with no problem. Why is this?

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• Cocos-2D asteroids style movement (iOS)

  - by bwheeler96

  So I have a CCSprite subclass, well call this Spaceship. Spaceship needs to move on a loop, until I say othersise by calling a method. The method should look something like - (void)moveForeverAtVelocity { // method logic } The class Spaceship has two relevant iVars, resetPosition and targetPosition, the target is where we are headed, the reset is where we set to when we've hit our target. If they are both off-screen this creates a permanent looping effect. So for the logic, I have tried several things, such as CCMoveTo *move = [CCMoveTo actionWithDuration:2 position:ccp(100, 100)]; CCCallBlockN *repeat = [CCCallBlockN actionWithBlock: ^(CCNode *node) { [self moveForeverAtVelocity]; }]; [self runAction:[CCSequence actions: move, repeat, nil]]; self.position = self.resetPosition; recursively calling the moveForeverAtVelocity method. This is psuedo-code, so its not perfect. I have hard-coded some of the values for the sake of simplicity. Enough garble: The problem I am having, how can I make a method that loops forever, but can be called and reset at will. I'm running into issues with creating multiple instances of this method. If you can offer any assistance with creating this effect, that would be appreciated.

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• Phone complains that identical GLSL struct definition differs in vert/frag programs

  - by stephelton

  When I provide the following struct definition in linked frag and vert shaders, my phone (Samsung Vibrant / Android 2.2) complains that the definition differs. struct Light { mediump vec3 _position; lowp vec4 _ambient; lowp vec4 _diffuse; lowp vec4 _specular; bool _isDirectional; mediump vec3 _attenuation; // constant, linear, and quadratic components }; uniform Light u_light; I know the struct is identical because its included from another file. These shaders work on a linux implementation and on my Android 3.0 tablet. Both shaders declare "precision mediump float;" The exact error is: Uniform variable u_light type/precision does not match in vertex and fragment shader Am I doing anything wrong here, or is my phone's implementation broken? Any advice (other than file a bug report?)

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• Collision detection doesn't work for automated elements in XNA 4.0

  - by NDraskovic

  I have a really weird problem. I made a 3D simulator of an "assembly line" as a part of a college project. Among other things it needs to be able to detect when a box object passes in front of sensor. I tried to solve this by making a model of a laser and checking if the box collides with it. I had some problems with BoundingSpheres of models meshes so I simply create a BoundingSphere and place it in the same place as the model. I organized them into a list of BoundingSpheres called "spheres" and for each model I create one BoundingSphere. All models except the box are static, so the box object has its own BoundingSphere (not a member of the "spheres" list). I also implemented a picking algorithm that I use to start the movement. This is the code that checks for collision: if (spheres.Count != 0) { for (int i = 1; i < spheres.Count; i++) { if (spheres[i].Intersects(PickingRay) != null && Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.ButtonState.Pressed == Mouse.GetState().LeftButton) { start = true; break; } if (BoxSphere.Intersects(spheres[i]) && start) { MoveBox(0, false);//The MoveBox function receives the direction (0) and a bool value that dictates whether the box should move or not (false means stop) start = false; break; } if (start /*&& Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.ButtonState.Pressed == Mouse.GetState().LeftButton*/ && !BoxSphere.Intersects(spheres[i])) { MoveBox(0, true); break; } } The problem is this: When I use the mouse to move the box (the commented part in the third if condition) the collision works fine (I have another part of code that I removed to simplify my question - it calculates the "address" of the box, and by that number I know that the collision is correct). But when I comment it (like in this example) the box just passes trough the lasers and does not detect the collision (the idea is that the box stops at each laser and the user passes it forth by clicking on the appropriate "switch"). Can you see the problem? Please help, and if you need more informations I will try to give them. Thanks

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• When to unload graphics object from main memory?

  - by piotrek

  I writing my resource mangaer, and I consider about how it can work for graphics objects (like textures, meshes). I think about this : I want to load texture (in pseudocode): Texture t = resMgr.GetTex("image.png"); and GetTex make something like this: load texture from disk to main memory create texture object (load it to gpu memory) unload texture from main memory I consider about 3 step, does game engines that you know unload meshes/textures after load them into gpu memory ?

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• Why Android for new (micro) consoles?

  - by Klaim

  There are a lot of new (micro) consoles with Android inside coming soon or already there (OUYA for example). My question is: why use Android and not another OS as base for these consoles? I assume that there are pragmatic answers to this but I can't see any clear killer feature. For example, one can assume that any stable Linux distribution would work (like Valve seem to think). Android is primarily targetted at mobile platforms which mean it is built around the idea of being interrupted which goes against a lot of what console devs needs in new hardware - but is not killing Android as a platform for gamedev either as it's just a constraint. Why not another OS? What's the Android killer features that make micro-console builder using it instead of Linux or anything else?

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• Game getting progressively laggier?

  - by Valentin Krummenacher

  I have a small game in HTML5 that uses socket.io to communicate with a node.js server. Now my problem is that, eversince I did my last update on it it seems to have something "chunk up" in the background making it laggier and laggier the longer it runs. In the update were a few temporary local variables being defined with var(you know, variables that are only used during one function and then not needed anymore) alongside with alot of other changes, and I am not even sure if this update or something else is causing this. Might the "var" have caused it? Or what other reasons might this strange complication have?

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• What is the most efficient way to add and remove Slick2D sprites?

  - by kirchhoff

  I'm making a game in Java with Slick2D and I want to create planes which shoots: int maxBullets = 40; static int bullet = 0; Missile missile[] = new Missile[maxBullets]; I want to create/move my missiles in the most efficient way, I would appreciate your advise: public void shoot() throws SlickException{ if(bullet<maxBullets){ if(missile[bullet] != null){ missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); }else{ missile[bullet] = new Missile("resources/missile.png", plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } }else{ bullet = 0; missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } bullet++; } I created the method resetLocation in my Missile class in order to avoid loading again the resource. Is it correct? In the update method I've got this to move all the missiles: if(bullet > 0 && bullet < maxBullets){ float hyp = 0.4f * delta; if(bullet == 1){ missile[0].move(hyp); }else{ for(int x = 0; x<bullet; x++){ missile[x].move(hyp); } } }

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• Specifying force and angle in ApplyImpulse in box2d

  - by Deepak Mahalingam

  I need to apply an impulse on a object with a particular force and at a particular angle in Box2d. If I am right the syntax would be the following: body.GetBody().ApplyImpulse(new b2Vec2(direction, power),body.GetBody().GetWorldCenter()); The problem is my direction is in angles. I found a discussion where it was said that the way we can convert an angle into a vector would be as: new b2Vec2(Math.cos(angle*Math.PI/180),Math.sin(angle*Math.PI/180)); Now I am not sure how to combine these two. In other words, if I wish to apply a force of 30 units at an angle of 30 degrees at the center of the object, how should I do it?

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• It is worth planning before jumping in the code?

  - by Rushino

  I always thought that planning is important for a game. But i don't know at which point. Some are telling me to code instead of planning but i feel like its still important because when you will be in the code you will know what to do next more easily. I am currently working on a game that will have lots of content so i decided to start a design document introducing thoses content and at a side-level i am doing proofs of concept to check if it can be done. Parts of each proofs of concept then could be used later in the real game. EDIT: I am working alone on this project. So my question is : It is worth planning before jumping in the code ? Im still interested to know what others have to say about this. Cause i still get some poeple saying i should code instead of thinking.. so what your opinion on this ?

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• writing an autopilot for a 2d game with newtonian physics

  - by Jargo

  The subject says it all. I am making a 2d space game with newtonian physics and I need pointers on how to write an autopilot for it. The requirements are best explained by an example. There is a target object which has speed- and position-vectors and there a spaceship that is controlled by the autopilot. This spaceship also have speed, position and maximum acceleration. The autopilot needs to control the ship that it either collides with the target, Or intercepts the target so that the ship has matching speed and position with the target. Could someone give me some pointers how to achieve this behavior or perhaps even an ready implementation? I am sure someone has written something like this before and there is no point in reinventing the wheel.

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• After one has made many grid based puzzles how does one make then into a PDF ready for printing

  - by alan ross

  After one has generated many grid based puzzles like sudoku, kakuro or even plain crosswords and now one has to print them in a book. How does one make a pdf (book file) from them automatically. To explain the question better. One has the puzzle ready in computer format like ..35.6.89 for all nine rows. The dot being the empty cell. How does one convert then to a picture on a PDF page complete with box, automatically without doing them individually and then print a book from the pdf file. As can be seen there are other things also printed on the page all this is done automatically.

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• I don't understand why one of my vbo is overwritten by another

  - by Alays

  to create a vbo I use this function: public void loadVBO(){ vboID = GL15.glGenBuffers(); GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID); GL15.glBufferData(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buf, GL15.GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Put the position coordinates in attribute list 0 GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false,4*4+4*4+4*4+2*4 , 0); // Put the color components in attribute list 1 GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false,4*4+4*4+4*4+2*4 , 4*4); GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false,4*4+4*4+4*4+2*4 , 4*4+4*4); // Put the texture coordinates in attribute list 2 GL20.glVertexAttribPointer(3, 4, GL11.GL_FLOAT, false,4*4+4*4+4*4+2*4 , 4*4+4*4+4*4); GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); } to display a vbo I use this function: public void displayVBO(){ GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID); GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(2); GL20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(3); GL11.glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, buf.capacity()); GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(0); GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(2); GL20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(3); GL15.glBindBuffer(GL15.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); } So when I call map.loadVBO() and then ocean.loadVBO(), I think the second call overwrite the first vbo I don't know how ... When I call map.display() and ocean.display(), I have the ocean draw 2 times .... Thanks.

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• What is wrong with my speculair phong shading

  - by Thijser

  I'm sorry if this should be placed on stackoverflow instead however seeing as this is graphics related I was hoping you guys could help me: I'm attempting to write a phong shader and currently working on the specular. I came acros the following formula: base*pow(dot(V,R),shininess) and attempted to implement it (V is the posion of the viewer and R the reflective vector). This gave the following result and code: Vec3Df phongSpecular(const Vec3Df & vertexPos, Vec3Df & normal, const Vec3Df & lightPos, const Vec3Df & cameraPos, unsigned int index) { Vec3Df relativeLightPos=(lightPos-vertexPos); relativeLightPos.normalize(); Vec3Df relativeCameraPos= (cameraPos-vertexPos); relativeCameraPos.normalize(); int DotOfNormalAndLight = Vec3Df::dotProduct(normal,relativeLightPos); Vec3Df reflective =(relativeLightPos-(2*DotOfNormalAndLight*normal))*-1; reflective.normalize(); float phongyness= Vec3Df::dotProduct(reflective,relativeCameraPos); if (phongyness<0){ phongyness=0; } float shininess= Shininess[index]; float speculair = powf(phongyness,shininess); return Ks[index]*speculair; } I'm looking for something more like this:

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• Movement prediction for non-shooters

  - by ShadowChaser

  I'm working on an isometric (2D) game with moderate-scale multiplayer - 20-30 players. I've had some difficulty getting a good movement prediction implementation in place. Right now, clients are authoritative for their own position. The server performs validation and broad-scale cheat detection, and I fully realize that the system will never be fully robust against cheating. However, the performance and implementation tradeoffs work well for me right now. Given that I'm dealing with sprite graphics, the game has 8 defined directions rather than free movement. Whenever the player changes their direction or speed (walk, run, stop), a "true" 3D velocity is set on the entity and a packet it sent to the server with the new movement state. In addition, every 250ms additional packets are transmitted with the player's current position for state updates on the server as well as for client prediction. After the server validates the packet, it gets automatically distributed to all of the other "nearby" players. Client-side, all entities with non-zero velocity (ie/ moving entities) are tracked and updated by a rudimentary "physics" system - basically nothing more than changing the position by the velocity according to the elapsed time slice (40ms or so). What I'm struggling with is how to implement clean movement prediction. I have the nagging suspicion that I've made a design mistake somewhere. I've been over the Unreal, Half-life, and all other movement prediction/lag compensation articles I could find, but they all seam geared toward shooters: "Don't send each control change, send updates every 120ms, server is authoritative, client predicts, etc". Unfortunately, that style of design won't work well for me - there's no 3D environment so each individual state change is important. 1) Most of the samples I saw tightly couple movement prediction right into the entities themselves. For example, storing the previous state along with the current state. I'd like to avoid that and keep entities with their "current state" only. Is there a better way to handle this? 2) What should happen when the player stops? I can't interpolate to the correct position, since they might need to walk backwards or another strange direction if their position is too far ahead. 3) What should happen when entities collide? If the current player collides with something, the answer is simple - just stop the player from moving. But what happens if two entities take up the same space on the server? What if the local prediction causes a remote entity to collide with the player or another entity - do I stop them as well? If the prediction had the misfortune of sticking them in front of a wall that the player has gone around, the prediction will never be able to compensate and once the error gets to high the entity will snap to the new position.

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• How to rotate a group of objects around a common center?

  - by user1662292

  I've made a model in 3D Studio Max 9. It consists of a variety of cubes, clyinders etc. In XNA I've imported the model okay and it shows correctly. However, when I apply rotation, each component in the model rotates around it's own centre. I want the model to rotate as a single unit. I've linked the components in 3D Max and they rotate as I want in Max. protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); model = Content.Load<Model>("Models/Alien1"); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { camera.Update(1f, new Vector3(), graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.AspectRatio); rotation += 0.1f; base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix worldMatrix = Matrix.Identity; Matrix rotationYMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(rotation); Matrix translateMatrix = Matrix.CreateTranslation(location); worldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * translateMatrix; foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = worldMatrix * transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.PreferPerPixelLighting = true; } mesh.Draw(); } base.Draw(gameTime); } More Info: Rotating the object via it's properties works fine so I'm guessing there's something up with the code rather than with the object itself. Translating the object also causes the objects to get moved independently of each other rather than as a single model and each piece becomes spread around the scene. The model is in .X format.

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