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  • What is the use of Association, Aggregation and Composition (Encapsulation) in Classes

    - by SahilMahajanMj
    I have gone through lots of theories about what is encapsulation and the three techniques of implementing it, which are Association, Aggregation and Composition. What i found is, Encapsulation Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding. Encapsulation can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class. Access to the data and code is tightly controlled by an interface. The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use our code. With this feature Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code. Association Association is a relationship where all object have their own lifecycle and there is no owner. Let’s take an example of Teacher and Student. Multiple students can associate with single teacher and single student can associate with multiple teachers but there is no ownership between the objects and both have their own lifecycle. Both can create and delete independently. Aggregation Aggregation is a specialize form of Association where all object have their own lifecycle but there is ownership and child object can not belongs to another parent object. Let’s take an example of Department and teacher. A single teacher can not belongs to multiple departments, but if we delete the department teacher object will not destroy. We can think about “has-a” relationship. Composition Composition is again specialize form of Aggregation and we can call this as a “death” relationship. It is a strong type of Aggregation. Child object dose not have their lifecycle and if parent object deletes all child object will also be deleted. Let’s take again an example of relationship between House and rooms. House can contain multiple rooms there is no independent life of room and any room can not belongs to two different house if we delete the house room will automatically delete. The question is: Now these all are real world examples. I am looking for some description about how to use these techniques in actual class code. I mean what is the point for using three different techniques for encapsulation, How these techniques could be implemented and How to choose which technique is applicable at time.

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  • parallels plesk 11 missing web presence builder

    - by NRGdallas
    after a recent upgrade to parallels plesk 11, we decided to start using their web presence builder tool, however every video, documentation, and instructional I view, shows the link should just be under websites and domains, or even on the homepage. It is in neither location. I have verified it is both installed and up-to-date, under server - updates and upgrades any idea how I access the web presence builder?

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  • Why Quality Laptop Case is a Must

    The main purpose of a laptop is to be carried around and to provide their owners nonstop access to their basic computer needs. However, to truly take advantage of the laptop portability a laptop case... [Author: Jeremy Mezzi - Computers and Internet - May 29, 2010]

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  • Using Query Classes With NHibernate

    - by Liam McLennan
    Even when using an ORM, such as NHibernate, the developer still has to decide how to perform queries. The simplest strategy is to get access to an ISession and directly perform a query whenever you need data. The problem is that doing so spreads query logic throughout the entire application – a clear violation of the Single Responsibility Principle. A more advanced strategy is to use Eric Evan’s Repository pattern, thus isolating all query logic within the repository classes. I prefer to use Query Classes. Every query needed by the application is represented by a query class, aka a specification. To perform a query I: Instantiate a new instance of the required query class, providing any data that it needs Pass the instantiated query class to an extension method on NHibernate’s ISession type. To query my database for all people over the age of sixteen looks like this: [Test] public void QueryBySpecification() { var canDriveSpecification = new PeopleOverAgeSpecification(16); var allPeopleOfDrivingAge = session.QueryBySpecification(canDriveSpecification); } To be able to query for people over a certain age I had to create a suitable query class: public class PeopleOverAgeSpecification : Specification<Person> { private readonly int age; public PeopleOverAgeSpecification(int age) { this.age = age; } public override IQueryable<Person> Reduce(IQueryable<Person> collection) { return collection.Where(person => person.Age > age); } public override IQueryable<Person> Sort(IQueryable<Person> collection) { return collection.OrderBy(person => person.Name); } } Finally, the extension method to add QueryBySpecification to ISession: public static class SessionExtensions { public static IEnumerable<T> QueryBySpecification<T>(this ISession session, Specification<T> specification) { return specification.Fetch( specification.Sort( specification.Reduce(session.Query<T>()) ) ); } } The inspiration for this style of data access came from Ayende’s post Do You Need a Framework?. I am sick of working through multiple layers of abstraction that don’t do anything. Have you ever seen code that required a service layer to call a method on a repository, that delegated to a common repository base class that wrapped and ORMs unit of work? I can achieve the same thing with NHibernate’s ISession and a single extension method. If you’re interested you can get the full Query Classes example source from Github.

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  • How to move packages from the live image to a pool on the disc?

    - by int_ua
    Currently I'm using UCK and trying to make Edubuntu 12.04.1 DVD launch installer on 256Mb RAM: How to install Edubuntu on a system with low memory (256 Mb)? I was reading release notes for 12.10 and noticed that Language packs have now been moved off from the live image to a pool on the disc. How can I move other packages correctly so they would be available to the live system and for installation without network access?

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  • Capitalize on Engineering and Information Assets throughout the Enterprise

    To facilitate information exchange, drive performance and improve corporate governance, organizations are investing in Oracle Universal Content Management to store, track and manage their digital information assets. Combined with Oracle's AutoVue visualization solutions and CADTop, Sword Group's CAD integration for UCM, engineering centric organizations can now access, view and collaborate on engineering and CAD documents throughout the enterprise for improved visibility and more informed decision making.

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  • Oracle OpenWorld - Events of Interest

    - by Larry Wake
    I mentioned the "Focus On Oracle Solaris" document the other day, which lists many of the Solaris-related events at Oracle OpenWorld this year; today I thought I'd highlight a few sessions you might find interesting. Monday, October 1st: 4:45 PM - Get Proactive: Best Practices for Maintaining and Upgrading Oracle Solaris (Moscone South 252) This session covers best practices for upgrading and patching and how to take advantage of unique technologies in Oracle Solaris 10 and 11. Learn how to get maximum value from My Oracle Support for both reactive and proactive requirements. Understand the benefits of secure remote access and how Oracle Support experts use collaborative shared sessions combined with Oracle Solaris technologies such as DTrace. Tuesday, October 2nd: 10:15 AM -  How to Increase Performance and Agility with an Open Data Center Fabric (Moscone South 200) If you haven't had a chance to hear about Xsigo Systems, this is a golden opportunity while you're at OpenWorld. Now part of Oracle, Xsigo's network virtualization technology is designed to increase both application performance and management efficiency, through a combination of software-defined network technology and the industry’s fastest fabric, allowing data center to converge Ethernet and Fibre Channel connectivity to a single fabric, to reduce complexity by 70 percent and CapEx by 50 percent while providing more I/O bandwidth to your applications. Wednesday, October 3rd: 10:15 AM - General Session: Oracle Solaris 11 Strategy, Engineering Insights, and Roadmap (Moscone South 103) Markus Flierl, head of Oracle Solaris Core Engineering, will outline the strategy and roadmap for Oracle Solaris,  how Oracle Solaris 11 is being deployed in cloud computing and the unique optimizations in Oracle Solaris 11 for the Oracle stack. The session also offers a sneak peek at the latest technology under development in Oracle Solaris, and what customers can expect to see in the coming updates. Plus, there are several Hands-On Labs: Monday, October 1st: 10:45 AM - 11:45 AM - Reduce Risk with Oracle Solaris Access Control to Restrain Users and Isolate Applications (Marriott Marquis - Salon 14/15) 4:45 PM - 5:45 PM - Managing Your Data with Built-In Oracle Solaris ZFS Data Services in Release 11  (Marriott Marquis - Salon 14/15) Tuesday, October 2nd: 1:15 PM - 2:15 PM - Virtualizing Your Oracle Solaris 11 Environment  (Marriott Marquis - Salon 10/11) Wednesday, October 3rd: 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM - Large-Scale Installation and Deployment of Oracle Solaris 11 (Marriott Marquis - Salon 14/15) There's plenty more--see the "Focus On Oracle Solaris" guide. See you next week in San Francisco!

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  • On Demand Membership & Specialization Certificates

    - by Cinzia Mascanzoni
    Did you know that partners can download OPN Membership Level certificates, as well as Specialization and Oracle Exastack program certificates as they need them? Invite partners to click here to access “My Company Certificates.” They can use their certificates to promote their company’s achievements to customers and prospects.

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  • Mounting Nexus 7 on Ubuntu 12.04 through

    - by Pomario
    I would like to transfer files between my Ubuntu 12.04 and Nexus 7 (Android 4.2) I have followed another post precisely. BUT upon... mount /mnt/nexus7 I get... Android device detected, assigning default bug flags.Listing File Information on Device with name: (NULL) and even doing an "ls" in "/mnt" generates... ls: cannot access nexus7: Transport endpoint is not connected Ideas why that is happening???

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  • Google Analytics HTTP vs HTTPS

    - by Pelangi
    I want to use Google Analytics on a website that uses both HTTP and HTTPS that works as explained below: Secure pages accessed through https://mydomain.com/secure/* are always on HTTPS. Any access to these pages through HTTP will be redirected to HTTPS. Any other pages will be accessible through both HTTP and HTTPS I have a Google Analytics profile with URL using HTTPS. Will I cover all traffic? Do I need to create another profile using HTTP and how should I apply the other profile?

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  • Hosting media on separate server than web server

    - by user18832
    Basically I have a website hosted by a web hosting company which I have limited access to (ftp upload etc). I have a home server which I use to record and store audio files. Is there an elegant way or best practice to host a page on the webserver which links to the audio files? I'm considering hosting a page on the home server and redirecting to that from the web server, or setting up something like rsync to push the audio files to the web server - I'm just not certain which solution would be best.

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  • How can I get my HID device working in VirtualBox?

    - by Andy E
    I'm running the latest official Ubuntu build of VirtualBox (4.1.12), with Windows 8 running as the guest OS. I have a Windows app that works with a card reading HID device, but it's not detected by the guest OS at all. I've installed the USB extensions, guest additions and set my udev rules accordingly (my own linux app is able to access the device), but no joy. Does anyone know how to get this working?

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  • When does Information become Data? (i.e. Information wants to be free) [closed]

    - by James P. Wright
    I hear Programmers often talk about how Information Wants To Be Free which I mostly agree with, but the thing that people don't often pay attention to is that Information and Data are not the same thing. Should Data also be free? Does that mean all of you should have full access to my Social Security Number and other personal "information"? Where is the limit? If there is a limit, why do people throw this phrase around like it fits every circumstance (like this one)

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  • Redirect/Rewrite Subdomain to Subfolder

    - by Laurent Ho
    I'm trying to redirect a subdomain to a subfolder e.g. forums.domain.com to www.domain.com/forums Note that I started the forums in the subfolder format but worried that members might mistakenly try to access the forums using the subdomain format. RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?forums\.domain\.com RewriteRule .* /forums [L] From what I read the codes above should work through .htaccess, but do I still need to create a DNS A record to point to the IP address of the server?

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  • See configured rules even when inactive

    - by Bryan
    Hello, I'm wondering if it's possible to get UFW to list the configured firewall rules even when it's not enabled. I only have ssh access to the server at this time, and I don't want to enable UFW if there's not a rule configured allowing ssh. However, since UFW is currently not enabled, I just get an "inactive" message when I run "ufw status". Is there a special flag I can use or even some config file I can look at to see what rules are configured even when the firewall is disabled?

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  • REMINDER : SPARC T4 Servers and ZFS Storage Appliance Demo Equipment Purchase Opportunity

    - by Cinzia Mascanzoni
    Please mark your calendars for the SPARC T4 Servers and ZFS Storage Appliance Demo Program webcast on November 22nd at 12 noon GMT/ 1pm CET and learn how you can take the maximum advantage from this unique opportunity. The objective of this call is to share value, details, guidelines and rules of this demo program with you. Go on the EMEA VAD Resource Center to find more info and the details to access the webcast.

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  • What does this rule mean

    - by Kenyana
    When I run $ sudo iptables -L This is what I get Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REJECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:www flags:FIN,SYN,RST,ACK/SYN #conn/32 > 20 reject-with tcp-reset Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination What does this mean? I am pretty new to the whole Ubuntu world. I cannot access webmin at times, keep getting The connection has timed out error.

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  • Idera Announces SQL Compliance Manager 3.6

    Perhaps the main highlight of SQL compliance manager 3.6's impressive set of features is its ability to actively track any activities of privileged users. When users of high administrative privileges access column groups in monitored tables, SQL compliance manager 3.6 issues alerts to security administrators, compliance officers, IT auditors, and the like in a proactive manner. Such functionality allows the product to provide an extra barrier against the possibility of insider threats to an organization's data. Idera developed SQL compliance manager to supply its clients with real-time audit...

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  • In Linux, which tools are free to use to make Web site mockups?

    - by user11173
    I am using Ubuntu/Fedora. Which available mock-up builders i can use before making a website? Follow up: Adobe AIR for Linux is no longer supported. To access older, unsupported versions, please read the AIR archive. Different operating system? Downloaded: http://www.balsamiq.com/download Direct Links Mockups for Desktop: Cross-Platform: MockupsForDesktop.air Windows: MockupsForDesktop.exe Mac OSX: MockupsForDesktop.dmg Linux 32bit: MockupsForDesktop32bit.deb Linux 64bit: MockupsForDesktop64bit.deb Windows with Adobe Air bundled: MockupsForDesktopInstallerWin.zip (for offline installations).

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  • Leveraging a hosted web font service from a local development server?

    - by Tom Auger
    There are a number of popular web font services on the market today who "host" the fonts and serve them to your web page via javascript or CSS pointing to remote locations. For example http://webfonts.fonts.com or http://typekit.com However, there seems to be an issue when you're developing on a local testing server - the remote font services don't validate the font and return 403 access denied errors and the like. What workarounds are there for using remote services such as a hosted font service, on a local development server?

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  • Filling a Grid with Files in a Folder - C#

    This code sample shows, in C#, how to get all the files within a specific folder, and list them all, including the file size, in a Gridview control. To access the FileSystem, you’ll need to import the System.IO namespace, and to use a DataTable, you must import the System.Data namespace: using System.IO; using System.Data;

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  • 301 redirect to different directory on Yahoo Small Business Hosting without .htaccess

    - by Vinay
    I have a website hosted with Yahoo Small Business Hosting, and I don't have access to use a .htaccess file. I have around 220 pages in a folder mysubfolder (http://example.com/myfolder/mysubfolder) and the age of website is around 3 years. I am planning to move all 220 pages in mysubfolder to myfolder (one level up). All the pages in mysubfolder are indexed. What is the best way to do this, so that it wouldn't affect my SEO.

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