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• User Control as container

  - by Luca

  I'm designing a simple expander control. I've derived from UserControl, drawn inner controls, built, run; all ok. Since an inner Control is a Panel, I'd like to use it as container at design time. Indeed I've used the attributes: [Designer(typeof(ExpanderControlDesigner))] [Designer("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ParentControlDesigner, System.Design", typeof(IDesigner))] Great I say. But it isn't... The result is that I can use it as container at design time but: The added controls go back the inner controls already embedded in the user control Even if I push to top a control added at design time, at runtime it is back again on controls embedded to the user control I cannot restrict the container area at design time into a Panel area What am I missing? Here is the code for completeness... why this snippet of code is not working? [Designer(typeof(ExpanderControlDesigner))] [Designer("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ParentControlDesigner, System.Design", typeof(IDesigner))] public partial class ExpanderControl : UserControl { public ExpanderControl() { InitializeComponent(); .... [System.Security.Permissions.PermissionSet(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Name = "FullTrust")] internal class ExpanderControlDesigner : ControlDesigner { private ExpanderControl MyControl; public override void Initialize(IComponent component) { base.Initialize(component); MyControl = (ExpanderControl)component; // Hook up events ISelectionService s = (ISelectionService)GetService(typeof(ISelectionService)); IComponentChangeService c = (IComponentChangeService)GetService(typeof(IComponentChangeService)); s.SelectionChanged += new EventHandler(OnSelectionChanged); c.ComponentRemoving += new ComponentEventHandler(OnComponentRemoving); } private void OnSelectionChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void OnComponentRemoving(object sender, ComponentEventArgs e) { } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { ISelectionService s = (ISelectionService)GetService(typeof(ISelectionService)); IComponentChangeService c = (IComponentChangeService)GetService(typeof(IComponentChangeService)); // Unhook events s.SelectionChanged -= new EventHandler(OnSelectionChanged); c.ComponentRemoving -= new ComponentEventHandler(OnComponentRemoving); base.Dispose(disposing); } public override System.ComponentModel.Design.DesignerVerbCollection Verbs { get { DesignerVerbCollection v = new DesignerVerbCollection(); v.Add(new DesignerVerb("&asd", new EventHandler(null))); return v; } } } I've found many resources (Interaction, designed, limited area), but nothing was usefull for being operative...

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• run shell command from java

  - by Aykut

  Hi, I am working on an application an have an issue about running shell command from java application. here is the code: public String execRuntime(String cmd) { Process proc = null; int inBuffer, errBuffer; int result = 0; StringBuffer outputReport = new StringBuffer(); StringBuffer errorBuffer = new StringBuffer(); try { proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd); } catch (IOException e) { return ""; } try { response.status = 1; result = proc.waitFor(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { return ""; } if (proc != null && null != proc.getInputStream()) { InputStream is = proc.getInputStream(); InputStream es = proc.getErrorStream(); OutputStream os = proc.getOutputStream(); try { while ((inBuffer = is.read()) != -1) { outputReport.append((char) inBuffer); } while ((errBuffer = es.read()) != -1) { errorBuffer.append((char) errBuffer); } } catch (IOException e) { return ""; } try { is.close(); is = null; es.close(); es = null; os.close(); os = null; } catch (IOException e) { return ""; } proc.destroy(); proc = null; } if (errorBuffer.length() > 0) { logger .error("could not finish execution because of error(s)."); logger.error("*** Error : " + errorBuffer.toString()); return ""; } return outputReport.toString(); } but when i try to exec command like : /export/home/test/myapp -T "some argument" myapp reads "some argument" as two seperated arguments.but I want to read "some argument" as only a argument. when i directly run this command from terminal, it executed successfully. I tried '"some argument"' ,""some argument"" , "some\ argument" but did not work for me. how can i read this argument as one argument. Thnaks.

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• C++ class member functions instantiated by traits

  - by Jive Dadson

  I am reluctant to say I can't figure this out, but I can't figure this out. I've googled and searched Stack Overflow, and come up empty. The abstract, and possibly overly vague form of the question is, how can I use the traits-pattern to instantiate non-virtual member functions? The question came up while modernizing a set of multivariate function optimizers that I wrote more than 10 years ago. The optimizers all operate by selecting a straight-line path through the parameter space away from the current best point (the "update"), then finding a better point on that line (the "line search"), then testing for the "done" condition, and if not done, iterating. There are different methods for doing the update, the line-search, and conceivably for the done test, and other things. Mix and match. Different update formulae require different state-variable data. For example, the LMQN update requires a vector, and the BFGS update requires a matrix. If evaluating gradients is cheap, the line-search should do so. If not, it should use function evaluations only. Some methods require more accurate line-searches than others. Those are just some examples. The original version instantiates several of the combinations by means of virtual functions. Some traits are selected by setting mode bits that are tested at runtime. Yuck. It would be trivial to define the traits with #define's and the member functions with #ifdef's and macros. But that's so twenty years ago. It bugs me that I cannot figure out a whiz-bang modern way. If there were only one trait that varied, I could use the curiously recurring template pattern. But I see no way to extend that to arbitrary combinations of traits. I tried doing it using boost::enable_if, etc.. The specialized state information was easy. I managed to get the functions done, but only by resorting to non-friend external functions that have the this-pointer as a parameter. I never even figured out how to make the functions friends, much less member functions. The compiler (VC++ 2008) always complained that things didn't match. I would yell, "SFINAE, you moron!" but the moron is probably me. Perhaps tag-dispatch is the key. I haven't gotten very deeply into that. Surely it's possible, right? If so, what is best practice?

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• What web platform is right for me?

  - by egervari

  I've been looking at web frameworks like Rails, Grails, etc. I'm used to doing applications in Spring Framework with Hibernate... and I want something more productive. One of the things I realized is that while some of the things in Grails is sexy, there are some serious problems with it. Grails' controllers: 1) are implemented awfully. They don't seem to be able to extend from super classes at runtime. I tried this to add base actions and helper methods, and this seems to cause grails to blow up. 2) are based on an obsolete request parameters model (rather than form backing objects, which are much nicer). 3) are hard to test. Command objects are treated totally differently... and it's actually MUCH harder to write the test than it is to write the controller code. 4) Command objects operate totally differently. They are pre-validated and bound, which causes a lot of inconsistencies than basic parameter model. 5) Command objects are not reusable, and it's a pain in the rear to reuse most of the stuff from the domain classes, like constraints and fields. This is TRIVIAL to do in basic Spring. Why the hell was it not trivial to do in Grails? 6) The scaffolding that is generated is pure crap. It doesn't generalize inserts and updates... and it actually copy/pastes a pile of code in two views: create.gsp and edit.gsp. The views themselves are gargantuan piles of doggie do-do. This is further compounded by the fact that it uses low-level parameters and not objects. Integration tests are 30x slower than a Spring integration test. It is disgusting. Some mocking tests are so hard to write and aren't guaranteed to work when it's deployed, that I think it discourages fast, tdd test cycles. Most things seem to screw up grails while it's running, like adding a taglib, or anything really. The server restart problem wasn't solved at all. I'm starting to think going with Spring/Hibernate/Java is the only way to go. While there is a pretty big cost at startup, I know it'll eventually smooth out. It sucks I can't use a language like Scala... because idiomatically, it is so incompatible with Hibernate. This app is also not a run-of-the-mill UI over a database. It's got some of that, but it's not going to be a slouch. I am deathly scared of Grails now because of how crap it is in the Controller layer. Suggestions on what I can do?

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• Remote XP -> Win98 WMI Connection

  - by Logan Young

  I've asked this on Technet, but because Win98 is no longer supported, I can't get any decent information, I was hoping there might be some "old school" developers here who might be able to help me. There is an application that we use a lot at work. This application should run 8am-5pm with as little interruption as possible. Most of the computers where this application runs are using Win98, and we have no way to upgrade them because we can't buy new hardware at the moment. My computer is running WinXP, so I thought of a way to make sure that this application runs all the time: The idea I had was to develop a Windows Service that executes a VBScript file that contains a WMI query to get a list of processes from each computer. Each list is then examined, and, depending on whether or not the target application is running, it will either do nothing, or it will execute another VBScript file that contains a WMI query that will be used to start the target application remotely. I later found a way to do this all with 1 VBScript file (see code below) My problem is in the remote connection to the target computers. I've installed WMI Core 1.5 on them, but every time I try the remote connection, I get the following: The remote server is unavailable or does not exist: 'GetObject' VBScript runtime error 800A01CE I've done some research, and all I've found is info about DCOM Config and Windows Firewall, but Win98 doesn't have either of these. ' #### Variables and constants #### Const HIDDEN_WINDOW = 12 Dim T ' #### End Variables and constants #### Main() Sub Main() ' #### Get Process information from WMI Computer = "." Set WMI = GetObject("winmgmts:" & _ "{ImpersonationLevel=Impersonate}!\\" & Computer & "\root\cimv2") Set Settings = WMI.ExecQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_Process") For Each Process In Settings ' #### If the application is found to be running, set a value to indicate this If Process.Name = "NOTEPAD.EXE" Then T = True End If Next ' #### T will only have a value if the application is not running. We therefore ' #### evaluate it to determine if it has a value or not. If not, start the application If Not T Then 'MsgBox("Application not found.") Set Startup = WMI.Get("Win32_ProcessStartup") Set Config = Startup.SpawnInstance_ Config.ShowWindow = HIDDEN_WINDOW Set Process = GetObject("winmgmts:root\cimv2:Win32_Process") errReturn = Process.Create(_ "C:\Windows\notepad.exe", null, Config, intProcessID) End If End Sub This uses WMI to get the list of processes from the local computer and, if the target application is running, it'll do nothing, otherwise it'll forcefully start the target application. The problem is that this works only if I specify the local comuter, if I target another computer, I get the error mentioned above. Does anyone have any ideas? Thanks in advance for the help!

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• Loading of external SWF results in a "Could not find resource bundle messaging" error

  - by Leeron

  I'm using flash.display.Loader to load this example SWF as a use-case for loading SWFs that uses flex charting components in an application I'm working on. This is the code I'm using to load the swf: Main.mxml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" creationComplete="onCreationComplete(event);"> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import mx.events.FlexEvent; import myLoaderClass; private function onCreationComplete( e:FlexEvent ):void { trace("Init!"); var l:myLoaderClass = new myLoaderClass(); this.addChild(l); } ]]> </mx:Script> </mx:Application> myLoaderClass: package { import mx.core.UIComponent; import flash.display.DisplayObject; import flash.display.DisplayObjectContainer; import flash.display.Loader; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.display.StageAlign; import flash.display.StageScaleMode; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.ProgressEvent; import flash.net.URLRequest; import flash.text.TextField; import flash.text.TextFieldType; import flash.utils.Dictionary; public class JittRunner extends UIComponent { private var displayedObjects:Dictionary; public function JittRunner():void { displayedObjects = new Dictionary(); if (stage) init(); else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); } private function init(e:Event = null):void { removeEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); var mLoader:Loader = new Loader(); var mRequest:URLRequest = new URLRequest('ChartSampler.swf'); mLoader.load(mRequest); } } } The thing is, the minute the swf is loaded I'm getting the following runtime error: Error: Could not find resource bundle messaging at mx.resources::ResourceBundle$/getResourceBundle()[C:\autobuild\3.5.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\resources\ResourceBundle.as:143] at mx.utils::Translator$cinit() at global$init() at mx.messaging.config::ServerConfig$cinit() at global$init() at _app_FlexInit$/init() at mx.managers::SystemManager/http://www.adobe.com/2006/flex/mx/internal::docFrameHandler()[C:\autobuild\3.5.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\managers\SystemManager.as:3217] at mx.managers::SystemManager/docFrameListener()[C:\autobuild\3.5.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\managers\SystemManager.as:3069] What am I doing wrong here?

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• Multiple Timers with setTimeInterval

  - by visibleinvisibly

  I am facing a problem with setInterval being used in a loop. I have a function subscribeFeed( ) which takes an array of urls as input. It loops through the url array and subscribes each url to getFeedAutomatically() using a setInterval function. so if three URL's are there in the array, then 3 setInterval's will be called. The problem is 1)how to distinguish which setInterval is called for which URL. 2)it is causing Runtime exception in setInterval( i guess because of closure problem in javascript) //constructor function myfeed(){ this.feedArray = []; } myfeed.prototype.constructor= myfeed; myfeed.prototype.subscribeFeed =function(feedUrl){ var i=0; var url; var count = 0; var _this = this; var feedInfo = { url : [], status : "" }; var urlinfo = []; feedUrl = (feedUrl instanceof Array) ? feedUrl : [feedUrl]; //notifyInterval = (notifyInterval instanceof Array) ? notifyInterval: [notifyInterval]; for (i = 0; i < feedUrl.length; i++) { urlinfo[i] = { url:'', notifyInterval:5000,// Default Notify/Refresh interval for the feed isenable:true, // true allows the feed to be fetched from the URL timerID: null, //default ID is null called : false, position : 0, getFeedAutomatically : function(url){ _this.getFeedUpdate(url); }, }; urlinfo[i].url = feedUrl[i].URL; //overide the default notify interval if(feedUrl[i].NotifyInterval /*&& (feedUrl[i] !=undefined)*/){ urlinfo[i].notifyInterval = feedUrl[i].NotifyInterval; } // Trigger the Feed registered event with the info about URL and status feedInfo.url[i] = feedUrl[i].URL; //Set the interval to get the feed. urlinfo[i].timerID = setInterval(function(){ urlinfo[i].getFeedAutomatically(urlinfo[i].url); }, urlinfo[i].notifyInterval); this.feedArray.push(urlinfo[i]); } } // The getFeedUpate function will make an Ajax request and coninue myfeed.prototype.getFeedUpdate = function( ){ } I am posting the same on jsfiddle http://jsfiddle.net/visibleinvisibly/S37Rj/ Thanking you in advance

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• How to approach copying objects with smart pointers as class attributes?

  - by tomislav-maric

  From the boost library documentation I read this: Conceptually, smart pointers are seen as owning the object pointed to, and thus responsible for deletion of the object when it is no longer needed. I have a very simple problem: I want to use RAII for pointer attributes of a class that is Copyable and Assignable. The copy and assignment operations should be deep: every object should have its own copy of the actual data. Also, RTTI needs to be available for the attributes (their type may also be determined at runtime). Should I be searching for an implementation of a Copyable smart pointer (the data are small, so I don't need Copy on Write pointers), or do I delegate the copy operation to the copy constructors of my objects as shown in this answer? Which smart pointer do I choose for simple RAII of a class that is copyable and assignable? (I'm thinking that the unique_ptr with delegated copy/assignment operations to the class copy constructor and assignment operator would make a proper choice, but I am not sure) Here's a pseudocode for the problem using raw pointers, it's just a problem description, not a running C++ code: // Operation interface class ModelOperation { public: virtual void operate = (); }; // Implementation of an operation called Special class SpecialModelOperation : public ModelOperation { private: // Private attributes are present here in a real implementation. public: // Implement operation void operate () {}; }; // All operations conform to ModelOperation interface // These are possible operation names: // class MoreSpecialOperation; // class DifferentOperation; // Concrete model with different operations class MyModel { private: ModelOperation* firstOperation_; ModelOperation* secondOperation_; public: MyModel() : firstOperation_(0), secondOperation_(0) { // Forgetting about run-time type definition from input files here. firstOperation_ = new MoreSpecialOperation(); secondOperation_ = new DifferentOperation(); } void operate() { firstOperation_->operate(); secondOperation_->operate(); } ~MyModel() { delete firstOperation_; firstOperation_ = 0; delete secondOperation_; secondOperation_ = 0; } }; int main() { MyModel modelOne; // Some internal scope { // I want modelTwo to have its own set of copied, not referenced // operations, and at the same time I need RAII to work for it, // as soon as it goes out of scope. MyModel modelTwo (modelOne); } return 0; }

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• ODBC: when is the best time to create my database?

  - by mawg

  I have a windows program which generates PGP forms which will be filled in later. Those PHP forms will populate a database. It looks very much like MySql, but I can't be certain, so let's call it ODBC. And, yes, it does have to be a windows program. There will also be PHP forms which query the database - examine which tables and fields it contains and then generates forms which can be used to search the database (e.g, it finds a table with fields "employee_name", etc and generates a form which lets you search based on employee name. Let's call that design time and run time. At design time, some manager or IT guy or similar gets to define the nature of the database and at runtime 1) a worker fills in the form daily and 2) management can extract reports. Here's my question: given that the database is defined at "design time" (and populated at run time), where and how is best to do so? 1 I could use an ODBC interface from the windows program, but I am having difficulty finding something good to work with Delphi. Things like ADO and firebird tend to expect you to already have a database and allow you to manipulate it, but I can find no code example of how to create a database and some tables, so ... 2 I could used DOS commands from Delphi in my windows program. I just tried and got a response to MySql --version, but am not sure if MySql etc are more interactive. That is, can I use a script file or a very long stacked command with semicolons and returns separating? e.g 'CREATE DATABASE db; CREATE TABLE t1;' 3) Since the best way to work with databases seems to be PHP, perhaps my windows program could spit out a PHP page which would, when run in a browser, create the database. I have tried to make this as uncomplicated as I can, but please feel free to ask questions. It may be that there are several valid ways, but there is probably one 'better' solution in terms of ease of implementation or maintenance. Better scratch option 3. What if the user later wants to come back and have the windows program change the input form? It needs to update the database too.

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• Different behavior of reflected generic delegates with and without debugger

  - by Andrew_B

  Hello. We have encountered some strange things while calling reflected generic delegates. In some cases with attatched debuger we can make impossible call, while without debugger we cannot catch any exception and application fastfails. Here is the code: using System; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Reflection; namespace GenericDelegate { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private delegate Class2 Delegate1(); private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { MethodInfo mi = typeof (Class1<>).GetMethod("GetClass", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static); if (mi != null) { Delegate1 del = (Delegate1) Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof (Delegate1), mi); MessageBox.Show("1"); try { del(); } catch (Exception) { MessageBox.Show("No, I can`t catch it"); } MessageBox.Show("2"); mi.Invoke(null, new object[] {});//It's Ok, we'll get exception here MessageBox.Show("3"); } } class Class2 { } class Class1<T> : Class2 { internal static Class2 GetClass() { Type type = typeof(T); MessageBox.Show("Type name " + type.FullName +" Type: " + type + " Assembly " + type.Assembly); return new Class1<T>(); } } } } There are two problems: Behavior differs with debugger and without You cannot catch this error without debugger by clr tricks. It's just not the clr exception. There are memory acces vialation, reading zero pointer inside of internal code. Use case: You develop something like plugins system for your app. You read external assembly, find suitable method in some type, and execute it. And we just forgot about that we need to check up is the type generic or not. Under VS (and .net from 2.0 to 4.0) everything works fine. Called function does not uses static context of generic type and type parameters. But without VS application fails with no sound. We even cannot identify call stack attaching debuger. Tested with .net 4.0 The question is why VS catches but runtime do not?

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• Not seeing Sync Block in Object Layout

  - by bob-bedell

  It's my understanding the all .NET object instances begin with an 8 byte 'object header': a synch block (4 byte pointer into a SynchTableEntry table), and a type handle (4 byte pointer into the types method table). I'm not seeing this in VS 2010 RC's (CLR 4.0) debugger memory windows. Here's a simple class that will generate a 16 byte instance, less the object header. class Program { short myInt = 2; // 4 bytes long myLong = 3; // 8 bytes string myString = "aString"; // 4 byte object reference // 16 byte instance static void Main(string[] args) { new Program(); return; } } An SOS object dump tells me that the total object size is 24 bytes. That makes sense. My 16 byte instance plus an 8 byte object header. !DumpObj 0205b660 Name: Offset_Test.Program MethodTable: 000d383c EEClass: 000d13f8 Size: 24(0x18) bytes File: C:\Users\Bob\Desktop\Offset_Test\Offset_Test\bin\Debug\Offset_Test.exe Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 632020fc 4000001 10 System.Int16 1 instance 2 myInt 632050d8 4000002 4 System.Int64 1 instance 3 myLong 631fd2b8 4000003 c System.String 0 instance 0205b678 myString Here's the raw memory: 0x0205B660 000d383c 00000003 00000000 0205b678 00000002 ... And here are some annotations: offset 0 000d383c ;TypeHandle (pointer to MethodTable), 4 bytes offset 4 00000003 00000000 ;myLong, 8 bytes offset 12 0205b678 ;myString, 4 byte reference to address of "myString" on GC Heap offset 16 00000002 ;myInt, 4 bytes My object begins a address 0x0205B660. But I can only account for 20 bytes of it, the type handle and the instance fields. There is no sign of a synch block pointer. The object size is reported as 24 bytes, but the debugger is showing that it only occupies 20 bytes of memory. I'm reading Drill Into .NET Framework Internals to See How the CLR Creates Runtime Objects, and expected the first 4 bytes of my object to be a zeroed synch block pointer, as shown in Figure 8 of that article. Granted, this is an article about CLR 1.1. I'm just wondering if the difference between what I'm seeing and what this early article reports is a change in either the debugger's display of object layout, or in the way the CLR lays out objects in versions later than 1.1. Anyway, can anyone account for my 4 missing bytes?

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• I would like to run my Java program on System Startup on Mac OS/Windows. How can I do this?

  - by Misha Koshelev

  Here is what I came up with. It works but I was wondering if there is something more elegant. Thank you! Misha package com.mksoft.fbbday; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class RunOnStartup { public static void install(String className,boolean doInstall) throws IOException,URISyntaxException { String osName=System.getProperty("os.name"); String fileSeparator=System.getProperty("file.separator"); String javaHome=System.getProperty("java.home"); String userHome=System.getProperty("user.home"); File jarFile=new File(RunOnStartup.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI()); if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) { Process process=Runtime.getRuntime().exec("reg query \"HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders\" /v Startup"); BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); String result="",line; while ((line=in.readLine())!=null) { result+=line; } in.close(); result=result.replaceAll(".*REG_SZ[ ]*",""); File startupFile=new File(result+fileSeparator+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar",".bat")); if (doInstall) { PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(startupFile)); out.println("@echo off"); out.println("start /min \"\" \""+javaHome+fileSeparator+"bin"+fileSeparator+"java.exe -cp "+jarFile+" "+className+"\""); out.close(); } else { if (startupFile.exists()) { startupFile.delete(); } } } else if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) { File startupFile=new File(userHome+"/Library/LaunchAgents/com.mksoft."+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar",".plist")); if (doInstall) { PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(startupFile)); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(" Label"); out.println(" com.mksoft."+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar","")+""); out.println(" ProgramArguments"); out.println(" "); out.println(" "+javaHome+fileSeparator+"bin"+fileSeparator+"java"); out.println(" -cp"); out.println(" "+jarFile+""); out.println(" "+className+""); out.println(" "); out.println(" RunAtLoad"); out.println(" "); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.close(); } else { if (startupFile.exists()) { startupFile.delete(); } } } } }

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• C# .NET Why does my inherited listview keep drawing in LargeIcon View ?? Because Microsoft is Evil!!

  - by Bugz R us

  I have a inherited Listview which standard has to be in Tile Mode. When using this control, the DrawItem gives e.bounds which are clearly bounds of largeIcon view ?? When debugging to check the view it is actually set to, it says it's in Tile view ?? Yet e.DrawText draws LargeIcon view ?? ......... Edit: ................. This seems only to happen when the control is placed upon another usercontrol? ......... Edit 2: ................. It gets stranger ... When i add buttons next to the list to change the view at runtime, "Tile" is the same as "LargeIcon", and "List" view is the same as "SmallIcons" ??? I've also completely removed the ownerdraw ... .......... Edit 3: ................. MSDN Documentation: Tile view Each item appears as a full-sized icon with the item label and subitem information to the right of it. The subitem information that appears is specified by the application. This view is available only on Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family. On earlier operating systems, this value is ignored and the ListView control displays in the LargeIcon view. Well I am on XP ya damn liars ?!? Apparently if the control is within a usercontrol, this value is ignored too ... pff I'm getting enough of this Microsoft crap .... you just keep on hitting bugs ... another day down the drain ... public class InheritedListView : ListView { //Hiding members ... mwuahahahahaha //yeah i was still laughing then [BrowsableAttribute(false)] public new View View { get { return base.View; } } public InheritedListView() { base.View = View.Tile; this.OwnerDraw = true; base.DrawItem += new DrawListViewItemEventHandler(DualLineGrid_DrawItem); } void DualLineGrid_DrawItem(object sender, DrawListViewItemEventArgs e) { View v = this.View; //**when debugging, v is Tile, however e.DrawText() draws in LargeIcon mode, // e.Bounds also reflects LargeIcon mode ???? ** }

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• How can I map a String to a function in Java?

  - by Bears will eat you

  Currently, I have a bunch of Java classes that implement a Processor interface, meaning they all have a processRequest(String key) method. The idea is that each class has a few (say, <10) member Strings, and each of those maps to a method in that class via the processRequest method, like so: class FooProcessor implements Processor { String key1 = "abc"; String key2 = "def"; String key3 = "ghi"; // and so on... String processRequest(String key) { String toReturn = null; if (key1.equals(key)) toReturn = method1(); else if (key2.equals(key)) toReturn = method2(); else if (key3.equals(key)) toReturn = method3(); // and so on... return toReturn; } String method1() { // do stuff } String method2() { // do other stuff } String method3() { // do other other stuff } // and so on... } You get the idea. This was working fine for me, but now I need a runtime-accessible mapping from key to function; not every function actually returns a String (some return void) and I need to dynamically access the return type (using reflection) of each function in each class that there's a key for. I already have a manager that knows about all the keys, but not the mapping from key to function. My first instinct was to replace this mapping using if-else statements with a Map<String, Function>, like I could do in Javascript. But, Java doesn't support first-class functions so I'm out of luck there. I could probably dig up a third-party library that lets me work with first-class functions, but I haven't seen any yet, and I doubt that I need an entire new library. I also thought of putting these String keys into an array and using reflection to invoke the methods by name, but I see two downsides to this method: My keys would have to be named the same as the method - or be named in a particular, consistent way so that it's easy to map them to the method name. This seems WAY slower than the if-else statements I have right now. Efficiency is something of a concern because these methods will tend to get called pretty frequently, and I want to minimize unnecessary overhead. TL; DR: I'm looking for a clean, minimal-overhead way to map a String to some sort of a Function object that I can invoke and call (something like) getReturnType() on. I don't especially mind using a 3rd-party library if it really fits my needs. I also don't mind using reflection, though I would strongly prefer to avoid using reflection every single time I do a method lookup - maybe using some caching strategy that combines the Map with reflection. Thoughts on a good way to get what I want? Cheers!

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• Several C# Language Questions

  - by Water Cooler v2

  1) What is int? Is it any different from the struct System.Int32? I understand that the former is a C# alias (typedef or #define equivalant) for the CLR type System.Int32. Is this understanding correct? 2) When we say: IComparable x = 10; Is that like saying: IComparable x = new System.Int32(); But we can't new a struct, right? or in C like syntax: struct System.In32 *x; x=>someThing = 10; 3) What is String with a capitalized S? I see in Reflector that it is the sealed String class, which, of course, is a reference type, unlike the System.Int32 above, which is a value type. What is string, with an uncapitalized s, though? Is that also the C# alias for this class? Why can I not see the alias definitions in Reflector? 4) Try to follow me down this subtle train of thought, if you please. We know that a storage location of a particular type can only access properties and members on its interface. That means: Person p = new Customer(); p.Name = "Water Cooler v2"; // legal because as Name is defined on Person. but // illegal without an explicit cast even though the backing // store is a Customer, the storage location is of type // Person, which doesn't support the member/method being // accessed/called. p.GetTotalValueOfOrdersMade(); Now, with that inference, consider this scenario: int i = 10; // obvious System.object defines no member to // store an integer value or any other value in. // So, my question really is, when the integer is // boxed, what is the *type* it is actually boxed to. // In other words, what is the type that forms the // backing store on the heap, for this operation? object x = i; Update Thank you for your answers, Eric Gunnerson and Aaronought. I'm afraid I haven't been able to articulate my questions well enough to attract very satisfying answers. The trouble is, I do know the answers to my questions on the surface, and I am, by no means, a newbie programmer. But I have to admit, a deeper understanding to the intricacies of how a language and its underlying platform/runtime handle storage of types has eluded me for as long as I've been a programmer, even though I write correct code.

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• How to ensure structures are completly initialized (by name) in GCC?

  - by Steven Spark

  How do I ensure each and every field of my structures are initialized in GCC when using designated initializers? (I'm especially interested in function pointers.) (I'm using C not C++.) Here is an example: typedef struct { int a; int b; } foo_t; typedef struct { void (*Start)(void); void (*Stop)(void); } bar_t; foo_t fooo = { 5 }; foo_t food = { .b=4 }; bar_t baro = { NULL }; bar_t bard = { .Start = NULL }; -Wmissing-field-initializers does not help at all. It works for fooo only in GCC (mingw 4.7.3, 4.8.1), and clang does only marginally better (no warnings for food and bard). I'm sure there is a reason for not producing warnings for designated initializer (even when I explicitly ask for them) but I want/need them. I do not want to initialize structures based on order/position because that is more error prone (for example swapping Start and Stop won't even give any warning). And neither gcc nor clang will give any warning that I failed to explicitly initialize a field (when initializing by name). I also don't want to litter my code with if(x.y==NULL) lines for multiple reasons, one of which is I want compile time warnings and not runtime errors. At least splint will give me warnings on all 4 cases, but unfortunately I cannot use splint all the time (it chokes on some of the code (fails to parse some C99, GCC extensions)). Note: If I'm using a real function instead of NULL GCC will also show a warning for baro (but not bard). I searched google and stack overflow but only found related questions and have not found answer for this specific problem. The best match I have found is 'Ensure that all elements in a structure are initialized' Ensure that all elements in a structure are initialized Which asks pretty much the same question, but has no satisfying answer. Is there a better way dealing with this that I have not mentioned? (Maybe other code analysis tool? Preferably something (free) that can be integrated into Eclipse or Visual Studio...)

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• Trouble with abstract generic methods

  - by DanM

  Let's say I have a class library that defines a couple entity interfaces: public interface ISomeEntity { /* ... */ } public interface ISomeOtherEntity { /* ... */ } This library also defines an IRepository interface: public interface IRepository<TEntity> { /* ... */ } And finally, the library has an abstract class called RepositorySourceBase (see below), which the main project needs to implement. The goal of this class is to allow the base class to grab new Repository objects at runtime. Because certain repositories are needed (in this example a repository for ISomeEntity and ISomeOtherEntity), I'm trying to write generic overloads of the GetNew<TEntity>() method. The following implementation doesn't compile (the second GetNew() method gets flagged as "already defined" even though the where clause is different), but it gets at what I'm trying to accomplish: public abstract class RepositorySourceBase // This doesn't work! { public abstract Repository<TEntity> GetNew<TEntity>() where TEntity : SomeEntity; public abstract Repository<TEntity> GetNew<TEntity>() where TEntity : SomeOtherEntity; } The intended usage of this class would be something like this: public class RepositorySourceTester { public RepositorySourceTester(RepositorySourceBase repositorySource) { var someRepository = repositorySource.GetNew<ISomeEntity>(); var someOtherRepository = repositorySource.GetNew<ISomeOtherEntity>(); } } Meanwhile, over in my main project (which references the library project), I have implementations of ISomeEntity and ISomeOtherEntity: public class SomeEntity : ISomeEntity { /* ... */ } public class SomeOtherEntity : ISomeOtherEntity { /* ... */ } The main project also has an implementation for IRepository<TEntity>: public class Repository<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> { public Repository(string message) { } } And most importantly, it has an implementation of the abstract RepositorySourceBase: public class RepositorySource : RepositorySourceBase { public override Repository<SomeEntity> GetNew() { return new Repository<SomeEntity>("stuff only I know"); } public override Repository<SomeOtherEntity> GetNew() { return new Repository<SomeOtherEntity>("other stuff only I know"); } } Just as with RepositorySourceBase, the second GetNew() method gets flagged as "already defined". So, C# basically think I'm repeating the same method because there's no way to distinguish the methods from parameters, but if you look at my usage example, it seems like I should be able to distinguish which GetNew() I want from the generic type parameter, e.g, <ISomeEntity> or <ISomeOtherEntity>. What do I need to do to get this to work?

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• Python - 2 Questions: Editing a variable in a function and changing the order of if else statements

  - by Eric

  First of all, I should explain what I'm trying to do first. I'm creating a dungeon crawler-like game, and I'm trying to program the movement of computer characters/monsters in the map. The map is basically a Cartesian coordinate grid. The locations of characters are represented by tuples of the x and y values, (x,y). The game works by turns, and in a turn a character can only move up, down, left or right 1 space. I'm creating a very simple movement system where the character will simply make decisions to move on a turn by turn basis. Essentially a 'forgetful' movement system. A basic flow chart of what I'm intending to do: Find direction towards destination Make a priority list of movements to be done using the direction eg.('r','u','d','l') means it would try to move right first, then up, then down, then left. Try each of the possibilities following the priority order. If the first movement fails (blocked by obstacle etc.), then it would successively try the movements until the first one that is successful, then it would stop. At step 3, the way I'm trying to do it is like this: def move(direction,location): try: -snip- # Tries to move, raises the exception Movementerror if cannot move in the direction return 1 # Indicates movement successful except Movementerror: return 0 # Indicates movement unsuccessful (thus character has not moved yet) prioritylist = ('r','u','d','l') if move('r',location): pass elif move('u',location): pass elif move('d',location): pass elif move('l',location): pass else: pass In the if/else block, the program would try the first movement on the priority on the priority list. At the move function, the character would try to move. If the character is not blocked and does move, it returns 1, leading to the pass where it would stop. If the character is blocked, it returns 0, then it tries the next movement. However, this results in 2 problems: How do I edit a variable passed into a function inside the function itself, while returning if the edit is successful? I have been told that you can't edit a variable inside a function as it won't really change the value of the variable, it just makes the variable inside the function refer to something else while the original variable remain unchanged. So, the solution is to return the value and then assign the variable to the returned value. However, I want it to return another value indicating if this edit is successful, so I want to edit this variable inside the function itself. How do I do so? How do I change the order of the if/else statements to follow the order of the priority list? It needs to be able to change during runtime as the priority list can change resulting in a different order of movement to try.

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• PHP array performance

  - by dfo

  Hi, this is my first question on Stackoverflow, please bear with me. I'm testing an algorithm for 2d bin packing and I've chosen PHP to mock it up as it's my bread-and-butter language nowadays. As you can see on http://themworks.com/pack_v0.2/oopack.php?ol=1 it works pretty well, but you need to wait around 10-20 seconds for 100 rectangles to pack. For some hard to handle sets it would hit the php's 30s runtime limit. I did some profiling and it shows that most of the time my script goes through different parts of a small 2d array with 0's and 1's in it. It either checks if certain cell equals to 0/1 or sets it to 0/1. It can do such operations million times and each times it takes few microseconds. I guess I could use an array of booleans in a statically typed language and things would be faster. Or even make an array of 1 bit values. I'm thinking of converting the whole thing to some compiled language. Is PHP just not good for it? If I do need to convert it to let's say C++, how good are the automatic converters? My script is just a lot of for loops with basic arrays and objects manipulations. Thank you! Edit. This function gets called more than any other. It reads few properties of a very simple object, and goes through a very small part of a smallish array to check if there's any element not equal to 0. function fits($bin, $file, $x, $y) { $flag = true; $xw = $x + $file->get_width();; $yh = $y + $file->get_height(); for ($i = $x; $i < $xw; $i++) { for ($j = $y; $j < $yh; $j++) { if ($bin[$i][$j] !== 0) { $flag = false; break; } } if (!$flag) break; } return $flag; }

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• error LNK2005: xxx already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\something\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj)

  - by volpack

  Hello, I'm using DCMTK library for reading Dicom files (Image format used in medical image processing.) I'm having a problem in compiling this DCMTK source code. DCMTK uses some additional external libraries (zlib, tiff, libpng, libxml2, libiconv). I know that all libraries should be generated with same Code Generation Options. I've downloaded the compiled versions of these support libraries which are compiled with "Multithreaded DLL" runtime options (/MD). In each project of DCMTK source code I ensured that runtime options are "Multithreaded DLL" (/MD). But still I'm getting these errors: Error 238 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 239 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 240 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 241 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 242 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 243 error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 244 error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 245 error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 246 error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(fflush.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 247 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(dosmap.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 248 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 249 error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 250 error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 251 error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 252 error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 253 error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 254 error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 255 error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 256 error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 257 error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRT.lib(crtexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 258 error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 259 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 260 error LNK2005: _getenv already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(getenv.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 261 error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(isctype.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 262 error LNK2005: __strnicmp already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(strnicmp.obj) dcmp2pgm Error 263 error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCMT.lib(close.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 264 error LNK2005: __fileno already defined in LIBCMT.lib(fileno.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 265 error LNK2005: _calloc already defined in LIBCMT.lib(calloc.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 266 error LNK2005: _atol already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 267 error LNK2005: _strcspn already defined in LIBCMT.lib(strcspn.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 268 error LNK2005: __stricmp already defined in LIBCMT.lib(stricmp.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 269 error LNK2005: _atoi already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 270 error LNK2005: __lseek already defined in LIBCMT.lib(lseek.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 271 error LNK2005: __read already defined in LIBCMT.lib(read.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 272 error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCMT.lib(write.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 273 error LNK2005: __open already defined in LIBCMT.lib(open.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 274 error LNK2005: __get_osfhandle already defined in LIBCMT.lib(osfinfo.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmp2pgm Error 278 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\Release\dcmp2pgm.exe 1 1 dcmp2pgm Error 201 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscp Error 202 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscp Error 203 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscp Error 204 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscp Error 205 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscp Error 206 error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscp Error 207 error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscp Error 208 error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscp Error 209 error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(fflush.obj) dcmprscp Error 210 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(dosmap.obj) dcmprscp Error 211 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) dcmprscp Error 212 error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) dcmprscp Error 213 error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscp Error 214 error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscp Error 215 error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscp Error 216 error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscp Error 217 error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmprscp Error 218 error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmprscp Error 219 error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) dcmprscp Error 220 error LNK2005: __stricmp already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(stricmp.obj) dcmprscp Error 221 error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRT.lib(crtexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) dcmprscp Error 222 error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) dcmprscp Error 223 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) dcmprscp Error 224 error LNK2005: _getenv already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(getenv.obj) dcmprscp Error 225 error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(isctype.obj) dcmprscp Error 226 error LNK2005: __strnicmp already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(strnicmp.obj) dcmprscp Error 227 error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCMT.lib(close.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 228 error LNK2005: __fileno already defined in LIBCMT.lib(fileno.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 229 error LNK2005: __lseek already defined in LIBCMT.lib(lseek.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 230 error LNK2005: __read already defined in LIBCMT.lib(read.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 231 error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCMT.lib(write.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 232 error LNK2005: __open already defined in LIBCMT.lib(open.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 233 error LNK2005: __get_osfhandle already defined in LIBCMT.lib(osfinfo.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscp Error 237 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\Release\dcmprscp.exe 1 1 dcmprscp Error 160 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscu Error 161 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscu Error 162 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmprscu Error 163 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscu Error 164 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscu Error 165 error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscu Error 166 error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscu Error 167 error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmprscu Error 168 error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(fflush.obj) dcmprscu Error 169 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(dosmap.obj) dcmprscu Error 170 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) dcmprscu Error 171 error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) dcmprscu Error 172 error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscu Error 173 error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscu Error 174 error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscu Error 175 error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmprscu Error 176 error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmprscu Error 177 error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmprscu Error 178 error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) dcmprscu Error 179 error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRT.lib(crtexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) dcmprscu Error 180 error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) dcmprscu Error 181 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) dcmprscu Error 182 error LNK2005: _getenv already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(getenv.obj) dcmprscu Error 183 error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(isctype.obj) dcmprscu Error 184 error LNK2005: __strnicmp already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(strnicmp.obj) dcmprscu Error 185 error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCMT.lib(close.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 186 error LNK2005: __fileno already defined in LIBCMT.lib(fileno.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 187 error LNK2005: _calloc already defined in LIBCMT.lib(calloc.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 188 error LNK2005: _atol already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 189 error LNK2005: _strcspn already defined in LIBCMT.lib(strcspn.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 190 error LNK2005: __stricmp already defined in LIBCMT.lib(stricmp.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 191 error LNK2005: _atoi already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 192 error LNK2005: __lseek already defined in LIBCMT.lib(lseek.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 193 error LNK2005: __read already defined in LIBCMT.lib(read.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 194 error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCMT.lib(write.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 195 error LNK2005: __open already defined in LIBCMT.lib(open.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 196 error LNK2005: __get_osfhandle already defined in LIBCMT.lib(osfinfo.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmprscu Error 200 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\Release\dcmprscu.exe dcmprscu Error 119 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmpsprt Error 120 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmpsprt Error 121 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dcmpsprt Error 122 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmpsprt Error 123 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmpsprt Error 124 error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmpsprt Error 125 error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmpsprt Error 126 error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dcmpsprt Error 127 error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(fflush.obj) dcmpsprt Error 128 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(dosmap.obj) dcmpsprt Error 129 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) dcmpsprt Error 130 error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) dcmpsprt Error 131 error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmpsprt Error 132 error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmpsprt Error 133 error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmpsprt Error 134 error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dcmpsprt Error 135 error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmpsprt Error 136 error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dcmpsprt Error 137 error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) dcmpsprt Error 138 error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRT.lib(crtexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) dcmpsprt Error 139 error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) dcmpsprt Error 140 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) dcmpsprt Error 141 error LNK2005: _getenv already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(getenv.obj) dcmpsprt Error 142 error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(isctype.obj) dcmpsprt Error 143 error LNK2005: __strnicmp already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\LIBCMT.lib(strnicmp.obj) dcmpsprt Error 144 error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCMT.lib(close.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 145 error LNK2005: __fileno already defined in LIBCMT.lib(fileno.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 146 error LNK2005: _calloc already defined in LIBCMT.lib(calloc.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 147 error LNK2005: _atol already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 148 error LNK2005: _strcspn already defined in LIBCMT.lib(strcspn.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 149 error LNK2005: __stricmp already defined in LIBCMT.lib(stricmp.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 150 error LNK2005: _atoi already defined in LIBCMT.lib(atox.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 151 error LNK2005: __lseek already defined in LIBCMT.lib(lseek.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 152 error LNK2005: __read already defined in LIBCMT.lib(read.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 153 error LNK2005: __write already defined in LIBCMT.lib(write.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 154 error LNK2005: __open already defined in LIBCMT.lib(open.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 155 error LNK2005: __get_osfhandle already defined in LIBCMT.lib(osfinfo.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dcmpsprt Error 159 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmpstat\apps\Release\dcmpsprt.exe 1 1 dcmpsprt Error 61 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2html Error 62 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2html Error 63 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2html Error 64 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2html Error 65 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2html Error 66 error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2html Error 67 error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2html Error 68 error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2html Error 69 error LNK2005: _fflush already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(fflush.obj) dsr2html Error 70 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(dosmap.obj) dsr2html Error 71 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) dsr2html Error 72 error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) dsr2html Error 73 error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dsr2html Error 74 error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dsr2html Error 75 error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dsr2html Error 76 error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRT.lib(cinitexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) dsr2html Error 77 error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dsr2html Error 78 error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) dsr2html Error 79 error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) dsr2html Error 80 error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRT.lib(crtexe.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) dsr2html Error 81 error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) dsr2html Error 82 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) dsr2html Error 83 error LNK2005: _getenv already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(getenv.obj) dsr2html Error 84 error LNK2005: __isctype already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(isctype.obj) dsr2html Error 85 error LNK2005: __close already defined in LIBCMT.lib(close.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dsr2html Error 86 error LNK2005: __fileno already defined in LIBCMT.lib(fileno.obj) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) dsr2html Error 90 error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\Release\dsr2html.exe 1 1 dsr2html Error 31 error LNK2005: ___iob_func already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2xml Error 32 error LNK2005: __lock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2xml Error 33 error LNK2005: __unlock_file already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(_file.obj) dsr2xml Error 34 error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) dsr2xml Error 35 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRT.lib(MSVCR100.dll) C:\dcmtk-3.5.4-src\CMakeBinaries\dcmsr\apps\LIBCM

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• From Binary to Data Structures

  - by Cédric Menzi

  Table of Contents Introduction PE file format and COFF header COFF file header BaseCoffReader Byte4ByteCoffReader UnsafeCoffReader ManagedCoffReader Conclusion History This article is also available on CodeProject Introduction Sometimes, you want to parse well-formed binary data and bring it into your objects to do some dirty stuff with it. In the Windows world most data structures are stored in special binary format. Either we call a WinApi function or we want to read from special files like images, spool files, executables or may be the previously announced Outlook Personal Folders File. Most specifications for these files can be found on the MSDN Libarary: Open Specification In my example, we are going to get the COFF (Common Object File Format) file header from a PE (Portable Executable). The exact specification can be found here: PECOFF PE file format and COFF header Before we start we need to know how this file is formatted. The following figure shows an overview of the Microsoft PE executable format. Source: Microsoft Our goal is to get the PE header. As we can see, the image starts with a MS-DOS 2.0 header with is not important for us. From the documentation we can read "...After the MS DOS stub, at the file offset specified at offset 0x3c, is a 4-byte...". With this information we know our reader has to jump to location 0x3c and read the offset to the signature. The signature is always 4 bytes that ensures that the image is a PE file. The signature is: PE\0\0. To prove this we first seek to the offset 0x3c, read if the file consist the signature. So we need to declare some constants, because we do not want magic numbers.   private const int PeSignatureOffsetLocation = 0x3c; private const int PeSignatureSize = 4; private const string PeSignatureContent = "PE";   Then a method for moving the reader to the correct location to read the offset of signature. With this method we always move the underlining Stream of the BinaryReader to the start location of the PE signature.   private void SeekToPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // seek to the offset for the PE signagure br.BaseStream.Seek(PeSignatureOffsetLocation, SeekOrigin.Begin); // read the offset int offsetToPeSig = br.ReadInt32(); // seek to the start of the PE signature br.BaseStream.Seek(offsetToPeSig, SeekOrigin.Begin); }   Now, we can check if it is a valid PE image by reading of the next 4 byte contains the content PE.   private bool IsValidPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // read 4 bytes to get the PE signature byte[] peSigBytes = br.ReadBytes(PeSignatureSize); // convert it to a string and trim \0 at the end of the content string peContent = Encoding.Default.GetString(peSigBytes).TrimEnd('\0'); // check if PE is in the content return peContent.Equals(PeSignatureContent); }   With this basic functionality we have a good base reader class to try the different methods of parsing the COFF file header. COFF file header The COFF header has the following structure: Offset Size Field 0 2 Machine 2 2 NumberOfSections 4 4 TimeDateStamp 8 4 PointerToSymbolTable 12 4 NumberOfSymbols 16 2 SizeOfOptionalHeader 18 2 Characteristics If we translate this table to code, we get something like this:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public MachineType Machine; public ushort NumberOfSections; public uint TimeDateStamp; public uint PointerToSymbolTable; public uint NumberOfSymbols; public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; public Characteristic Characteristics; } BaseCoffReader All readers do the same thing, so we go to the patterns library in our head and see that Strategy pattern or Template method pattern is sticked out in the bookshelf. I have decided to take the template method pattern in this case, because the Parse() should handle the IO for all implementations and the concrete parsing should done in its derived classes.   public CoffHeader Parse() { using (var br = new BinaryReader(File.Open(_fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))) { SeekToPeSignature(br); if (!IsValidPeSignature(br)) { throw new BadImageFormatException(); } return ParseInternal(br); } } protected abstract CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br);   First we open the BinaryReader, seek to the PE signature then we check if it contains a valid PE signature and rest is done by the derived implementations. Byte4ByteCoffReader The first solution is using the BinaryReader. It is the general way to get the data. We only need to know which order, which data-type and its size. If we read byte for byte we could comment out the first line in the CoffHeader structure, because we have control about the order of the member assignment.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { CoffHeader coff = new CoffHeader(); coff.Machine = (MachineType)br.ReadInt16(); coff.NumberOfSections = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.TimeDateStamp = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.PointerToSymbolTable = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.NumberOfSymbols = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.Characteristics = (Characteristic)br.ReadInt16(); return coff; }   If the structure is as short as the COFF header here and the specification will never changed, there is probably no reason to change the strategy. But if a data-type will be changed, a new member will be added or ordering of member will be changed the maintenance costs of this method are very high. UnsafeCoffReader Another way to bring the data into this structure is using a "magically" unsafe trick. As above, we know the layout and order of the data structure. Now, we need the StructLayout attribute, because we have to ensure that the .NET Runtime allocates the structure in the same order as it is specified in the source code. We also need to enable "Allow unsafe code (/unsafe)" in the project's build properties. Then we need to add the following constructor to the CoffHeader structure.   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { unsafe { fixed (byte* packet = &data[0]) { this = *(CoffHeader*)packet; } } } }   The "magic" trick is in the statement: this = *(CoffHeader*)packet;. What happens here? We have a fixed size of data somewhere in the memory and because a struct in C# is a value-type, the assignment operator = copies the whole data of the structure and not only the reference. To fill the structure with data, we need to pass the data as bytes into the CoffHeader structure. This can be achieved by reading the exact size of the structure from the PE file.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { return new CoffHeader(br.ReadBytes(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)))); }   This solution is the fastest way to parse the data and bring it into the structure, but it is unsafe and it could introduce some security and stability risks. ManagedCoffReader In this solution we are using the same approach of the structure assignment as above. But we need to replace the unsafe part in the constructor with the following managed part:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { IntPtr coffPtr = IntPtr.Zero; try { int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)); coffPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(data, 0, coffPtr, size); this = (CoffHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(coffPtr, typeof(CoffHeader)); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(coffPtr); } } }     Conclusion We saw that we can parse well-formed binary data to our data structures using different approaches. The first is probably the clearest way, because we know each member and its size and ordering and we have control about the reading the data for each member. But if add member or the structure is going change by some reason, we need to change the reader. The two other solutions use the approach of the structure assignment. In the unsafe implementation we need to compile the project with the /unsafe option. We increase the performance, but we get some security risks.

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• SharePoint 2010 – Central Admin tooling to create host header site collections

  - by eJugnoo

  Just like SharePoint 2007, you can create host-header based site collections in SharePoint 2010 as well. It means, that you do not necessarily need to create a site-collection under a managed path like /sites/, you can create multiple root-level site collections on same web-application/port by using host-header site collections. All you need to do is point your domain or sub-domain to your web-application and create a matching site-collection that you want. But, just like in 2007, it is something that you do by using STSADM, and is not available on Central Admin UI in 2010 as well. Yeah, though you can now also use PowerShell to create one: C:\PS>$w = Get-SPWebApplication http://sitename   C:\PS>New-SPSite http://www.contoso.com -OwnerAlias "DOMAIN\jdoe" -HostHeaderWebApplication $w -Title "Contoso" -Template "STS#0"   This example creates a host header site collection. Because the template is provided, the root Web of this site collection will be created. .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } I’ve been playing with WCM in SharePoint 2010 more and more, and for that I preferred creating hosts file entries for desired domains and create site-collections by those headers – in my dev environment. I used PowerShell initially, but then got interested to build my own UI on Central Admin instead. Developed with Visual Studio 2010 So I used new Visual Studio 2010 tooling to create an empty SharePoint 2010 project. Added an application page (there is no option to add _Admin page item in VS 2010 RC), that got created in Layouts “mapped” folder. Created a new Admin mapped folder for 14-“hive”, and moved my new page there instead. Yes, I didn’t change the base class for page, its just that it runs under _admin, but it is indeed a LayoutsPageBase inherited page. To introduce a action-link in Central Admin console, I created following element: 1: <Elements xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/"> 2: <CustomAction 3: Id="CreateSiteByHeader" 4: Location="Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.Applications" 5: Title="Create site collections by host header" 6: GroupId="SiteCollections" 7: Sequence="15" 8: RequiredAdmin="Delegated" 9: Description="Create a new top-level web site, by host header" > 10: <UrlAction Url="/_admin/OfficeToolbox/CreateSiteByHeader.aspx" /> 11: </CustomAction> 12: </Elements> .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Used Reflector to understand any special code behind createpage.aspx, and created a new for our purpose – CreateSiteByHeader.aspx. From there I quickly created a similar code behind, without all the fancy of Farm Config Wizard handling and dealt with alternate implementations of sealed classes! Goal was to create a professional looking and OOB-type experience. I also added Regex validation to ensure user types a valid domain name as header value. Below is the result…   Release @ Codeplex I’ve released to WSP on OfficeToolbox @ Codeplex, and you can download from here. Hope you find it useful… -- Sharad

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• Error on 64 Bit Install of IIS &ndash; LoadLibraryEx failed on aspnet_filter.dll

  - by Rick Strahl

  I’ve been having a few problems with my Windows 7 install and trying to get IIS applications to run properly in 64 bit. After installing IIS and creating virtual directories for several of my applications and firing them up I was left with the following error message from IIS: Calling LoadLibraryEx on ISAPI filter “c:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_filter.dll” failed This is on Windows 7 64 bit and running on an ASP.NET 4.0 Application configured for running 64 bit (32 bit disabled). It’s also on what is essentially a brand new installation of IIS and Windows 7. So it failed right out of the box. The problem here is that IIS is trying to loading this ISAPI filter from the 32 bit folder – it should be loading from Framework64 folder note the Framework folder. The aspnet_filter.dll component is a small Win32 ISAPI filter used to back up the cookieless session state for ASP.NET on IIS 7 applications. It’s not terribly important because of this focus, but it’s a default loaded component. After a lot of fiddling I ended up with two solutions (with the help and support of some Twitter folks): Switch IIS to run in 32 bit mode Fix the filter listing in ApplicationHost.config Switching IIS to allow 32 Bit Code This is a quick fix for the problem above which enables 32 bit code in the Application Pool. The problem above is that IIS is trying to load a 32 bit ISAPI filter and enabling 32 bit code gets you around this problem. To configure your Application Pool, open the Application Pool in IIS Manager bring up Advanced Options and Enable 32 Bit Applications: And voila the error message above goes away. Fix Filters Enabling 32 bit code is a quick fix solution to this problem, but not an ideal one. If you’re running a pure .NET application that doesn’t need to do COM or pInvoke Interop with 32 bit apps there’s usually no need for enabling 32 bit code in an Application Pool as you can run in native 64 bit code. So trying to get 64 bit working natively is a pretty key feature in my opinion :-) So what’s the problem – why is IIS trying to load a 32 bit DLL in a 64 bit install, especially if the application pool is configured to not allow 32 bit code at all? The problem lies in the server configuration and the fact that 32 bit and 64 bit configuration settings exist side by side in IIS. If I open my Default Web Site (or any other root Web Site) and go to the ISAPI filter list here’s what I see: Notice that there are 3 entries for ASP.NET 4.0 in this list. Only two of them however are specifically scoped to the specifically to 32 bit or 64 bit. As you can see the 64 bit filter correctly points at the Framework64 folder to load the dll, while both the 32 bit and the ‘generic’ entry point at the plain Framework 32 bit folder. Aha! Hence lies our problem. You can edit ApplicationHost.config manually, but I ran into the nasty issue of not being able to easily edit that file with the 32 bit editor (who ever thought that was a good idea???? WTF). You have to open ApplicationHost.Config in a 64 bit native text editor – which Visual Studio is not. Or my favorite editor: EditPad Pro. Since I don’t have a native 64 bit editor handy Notepad was my only choice. Or as an alternative you can use the IIS 7.5 Configuration Editor which lets you interactively browse and edit most ApplicationHost settings. You can drill into the configuration hierarchy visually to find your keys and edit attributes and sub values in property editor type interface. I had no idea this tool existed prior to today and it’s pretty cool as it gives you some visual clues to options available – especially in absence of an Intellisense scheme you’d get in Visual Studio (which doesn’t work). To use the Configuration Editor go the Web Site root and use the Configuration Editor option in the Management Group. Drill into System.webServer/isapiFilters and then click on the Collection’s … button on the right. You should now see a display like this: which shows all the same attributes you’d see in ApplicationHost.config (cool!). These entries correspond to these raw ApplicationHost.config entries: <filter name="ASP.Net_4.0" path="C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_filter.dll" enableCache="true" preCondition="runtimeVersionv4.0" /> <filter name="ASP.Net_4.0_64bit" path="C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_filter.dll" enableCache="true" preCondition="runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" /> <filter name="ASP.Net_4.0_32bit" path="C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_filter.dll" enableCache="true" preCondition="runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" /> The key attribute we’re concerned with here is the preCondition and the bitness subvalue. Notice that the ‘generic’ version – which comes first in the filter list – has no bitness assigned to it, so it defaults to 32 bit and the 32 bit dll path. And this is where our problem comes from. The simple solution to fix the startup problem is to remove the generic entry from this list here or in the filters list shown earlier and leave only the bitness specific versions active. The preCondition attribute acts as a filter and as you can see here it filters the list by runtime version and bitness value. This is something to keep an eye out in general – if a bitness values are missing it’s easy to run into conflicts like this with any settings that are global and especially those that load modules and handlers and other executable code. On 64 bit systems it’s a good idea to explicitly set the bitness of all entries or remove the non-specific versions and add bit specific entries. So how did this get misconfigured? I installed IIS before everything else was installed on this machine and then went ahead and installed Visual Studio. I suspect the Visual Studio install munged this up as I never saw a similar problem on my live server where everything just worked right out of the box. In searching about this problem a lot of solutions pointed at using aspnet_regiis –r from the Framework64 directory, but that did not fix this extra entry in the filters list – it adds the required 32 bit and 64 bit entries, but it doesn’t remove the errand un-bitness set entry. Hopefully this post will help out anybody who runs into a similar situation without having to trouble shoot all the way down into the configuration settings and noticing the bitness settings. It’s a good lesson learned for me – this is my first desktop install of a 64 bit OS and things like this are what I was reluctant to find. Now that I ran into this I have a good idea what to look for with 32/64 bit misconfigurations in IIS at least.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in IIS7   ASP.NET  

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• SQL SERVER – Retrieve and Explore Database Backup without Restoring Database – Idera virtual databas

  - by pinaldave

  I recently downloaded Idera’s SQL virtual database, and tested it. There are a few things about this tool which caught my attention. My Scenario It is quite common in real life that sometimes observing or retrieving older data is necessary; however, it had changed as time passed by. The full database backup was 40 GB in size, and, to restore it on our production server, it usually takes around 16 to 22 minutes, depending on the load server that is usually present. This range in time varies from one server to another as per the configuration of the computer. Some other issues we used to have are the following: When we try to restore a large 40-GB database, we needed at least that much space on our production server. Once in a while, we even had to make changes in the restored database, and use the said changed and restored database for our purpose, making it more time-consuming. My Solution I have heard a lot about the Idera’s SQL virtual database tool.. Well, right after we started to test this tool, we found out that it really delivers what it promises. Using this software was very easy and we were able to restore our database from backup in less than 2 minutes, sparing us from the usual longer time of 16–22 minutes. The needful was finished in a total of 10 minutes. Another interesting observation is that there is no need to have an additional space for restoring the database. For complete database restoration, the single additional MB on the drive is not required anymore. We can use the database in the same way as our regular database, and there is no need for any additional configuration and setup. Let us look at the most relevant points of this product based on my initial experience: Quick restoration of the database backup No additional space required for database restoration virtual database has no physical .MDF or .LDF The database which is restored is, in fact, the backup file converted in the virtual database. DDL and DML queries can be executed against this virtually restored database. Regular backup operation can be implemented against virtual database, creating a physical .bak file that can be used for future use. There was no observed degradation in performance on the original database as well the restored virtual database. Additional T-SQL queries can be let off on the virtual database. Well, this summarizes my quick review. And, as I was saying, I am very impressed with the product and I plan to explore it more. There are many features that I have noticed in this tool, which I think can be very useful if properly understood. I had taken a few screenshots using my demo database afterwards. Let us see what other things this tool can do besides the mentioned activities. I am surprised with its performance so I want to know how exactly this feature works, specifically in the matter of why it does not create any additional files and yet, it still allows update on the virtually restored database. I guess I will have to send an e-mail to the developers of Idera and try to figure this out from them. I think this tool is very useful, and it delivers a high level of performance way more than what I expected. Soon, I will write a review for additional uses of SQL virtual database.. If you are using SQL virtual database in your production environment, I am eager to learn more about it and your experience while using it. The ‘Virtual’ Part of virtual database When I set out to test this software, I thought virtual database had something to do with Hyper-V or visualization. In fact, the virtual database is a kind of database which shows up in your SQL Server Management Studio without actually restoring or even creating it. This tool creates a database in SSMS from the backup of the same database. The backup, however, works virtually the same way as original database. Potential Usage of virtual database: As soon as I described this tool to my teammate, I think his very first reaction was, “hey, if we have this then there is no need for log shipping.” I find his comment very interesting as log shipping is something where logs are moved to another server. In fact, there are no updates on the database from log; I would rather compare it with Snapshot Replication. In fact, whatever we use, snapshot replicated database can be similarly used and configured with virtual database. I totally believe that we can use it for reporting purpose. In fact, after this database was configured, I think the uses of this tool are unlimited. I will have to spend some more time studying it and will get back to you. Click on images to see larger images. virtual database Console Harddrive Space before virtual database Setup Attach Full Backup Screen Backup on Harddrive Attach Full Backup Screen with Settings virtual database Setup – less than 60 sec virtual database Setup – Online Harddrive Space after virtual database Setup Point in Time Recovery Option – Timeline View virtual database Summary No Performance Difference between Regular DB vs Virtual DB Please note that all SQL Server MVP gets free license of this software. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com), Idera (virtual database) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, SQL, SQL Add-On, SQL Authority, SQL Backup and Restore, SQL Data Storage, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Utility, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Idera

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• Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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