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  • Yet another (13)Permission denied error on Apache2 server

    - by lollercoaster
    I just can't figure it out. I'm running apache2 on a Ubuntu 10.04 i386 server. Whenever I visit my server (has an IP address, and is connected to internet with static IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) so that's not the problem) in browser, mysub.domain.edu (renamed here), I get the following: Forbidden You don't have permission to access /index.html on this server The apache2 error log confirms this: [Mon Apr 18 02:38:20 2011] [error] [client zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied I'll try to provide all necessary information below: 1) Contents of /etc/apache2/httpd.conf DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 2) Contents of /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myusername/htdocs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory "/home/myusername/htdocs/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None order allow,deny allow from all DirectoryIndex index.html index.php Satisfy any </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> ServerName mysub.domain.edu </VirtualHost> 3) Contents of /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myusername/htdocs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory "/home/myusername/htdocs/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None order allow,deny allow from all DirectoryIndex index.html index.php Satisfy any </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> ServerName mysub.domain.edu </VirtualHost> 4) Result of ls -l (when I'm using sudo -i to be root): root@myserver:/home/myusername# ls -l total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data root 4096 2011-04-18 03:04 htdocs 5) ps auxwww | grep -i apache root@myserver:/home# ps auxwww | grep -i apache root 15121 0.0 0.4 5408 2544 ? Ss 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15122 0.0 0.3 5180 1760 ? S 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15123 0.0 0.5 227020 2788 ? Sl 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15124 0.0 0.5 227020 2864 ? Sl 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start root 29133 0.0 0.1 3320 680 pts/0 R+ 16:58 0:00 grep --color=auto -i apache 6) ls -al /home/myusername/htdocs/ root@myserver:/# ls -al /home/myusername/htdocs/ total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data root 4096 2011-04-18 03:04 . drw-r--r-- 4 myusername myusername 4096 2011-04-18 02:13 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 2011-04-18 02:14 index.html I'm not currently using any .htaccess files in my web root (htdocs) folder in my user folder. I don't know what is wrong, I've been trying to fix his for over 12 hours and I've gotten nowhere. If you have any suggestions, I'm all ears...

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  • IIS7 web farm - local or shared content?

    - by rbeier
    We're setting up an IIS7 web farm with two servers. Should each server have its own local copy of the content, or should they pull content directly from a UNC share? What are the pros and cons of each approach? We currently have a single live server WEB1, with content stored locally on a separate partition. A job periodically syncs WEB1 to a standby server WEB2, using robocopy for content and msdeploy for config. If WEB1 goes down, Nagios notifies us, and we manually run a script to move the IP addresses to WEB2's network interface. Both servers are actually VMs running on separate VMWare ESX 4 hosts. The servers are domain-joined. We have around 50-60 live sites on WEB1 - mostly ASP.NET, with a few that are just static HTML. Most are low-traffic "microsites". A few have moderate traffic, but none are massive. We'd like to change this so both WEB1 and WEB2 are actively serving content. This is mainly for reliability - if WEB1 goes down, we don't want to have to manually intervene to fail things over. Spreading the load is also nice, but the load is not high enough right now for us to need this. We're planning to configure our firewall to balance traffic across the two servers. It will detect when a server goes down and will send all the traffic to the remaining live server. We're planning to use sticky sessions for now... eventually we may move to SQL Server session state and stateless load balancing. But we need a way for the servers to share content. We were originally planning to move all the content to a UNC share. Our storage provider says they can set up a highly available SMB share for us. So if we go the UNC route, the storage shouldn't be a single point of failure. But we're wondering about the downsides to this approach: We'll need to change the physical paths for each site and virtual directory. There are also some projects that have absolute paths in their web.config files - we'll have to update those as well. We'll need to create a domain user for the web servers to access the share, and grant that user appropriate permissions. I haven't looked into this yet - I'm not sure if the application pool identity needs to be changed to this user, or if there's another way to tell IIS to use this account when connecting to the share. Sites will no longer be able to access their content if there's ever an Active Directory problem. In general, it just seems a lot more complicated, with more moving parts that could break. Our storage provider would create a volume for us on their redundant SAN. If I understand correctly, this SAN volume would be mounted on a VM running in their redundant VMWare environment; this VM would then expose the SMB share to our web servers. On the other hand, a benefit of the shared content approach is that we'd only need to deploy code to one place, and there would never be a temporary inconsistency between multiple copies of the content. This thread is pretty interesting, though some of these people are working at a much larger scale. I've just been discussing content so far, but we also need to think about configuration. I don't know if we can just use DFS replication for the applicationHost.config and other files, or if it's best to use the shared configuration feature with the config on a UNC share. What do you think? Thanks for your help, Richard

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  • How to start dovecot?

    - by chudapati09
    I'm building a web server to host multiple websites. I got everything working except the mail server. I'm using linode to host my vps and I've been following their tutorials. FYI, I'm using Ubuntu 11.10. Here is the link I've been following, http://library.linode.com/email/postfix/dovecot-mysql-ubuntu-10.04-lucid. I got up to the part where it tells me to restart dovecot, so I tried "service dovecot restart". But then I get this "restart: Unknown instance:". I'm logged in as root, so I'm not using sudo. Since that didn't work I tried "/etc/init.d/dovecot restart" and I get "dovecot start/running, process 4760". So I try "/etc/init.d/dovecot status" and I get "dovecot stop/waiting". So I tried "service dovecot start" and I get "dovecot start/running, process 4781". So I tried to get the status, so I tired "service dovecot status" and got "dovecot stop/waiting" Then I tired "/etc/init.d/dovecot start" and I get "dovecot start/running, process 4794". So I tired to get the status, so I tired "/etc/init.d/dovecot status" and got "dovecot stop/waiting" Just for kicks and giggles I tired to kill the process, I used the PID that I got when I did "service dovecot start", this was the command "kill -9 4444" and I get this "bash: kill: (4805) - No such process" Am I doing something wrong? --EDIT 1-- The following are logs that were found in /var/log/syslog that involved dovecot dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.13 starting up (core dumps disabled) dovecot: ssl-params: Generating SSL parameters dovecot: ssl-params: SSL parameters regeneration completed dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: config: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: anvil: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: log: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) kernel: init: dovecot main process (10276) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (10289) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (10452) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (2275) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3028) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3216) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3230) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3254) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3813) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (3845) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (4664) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (4760) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (4781) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (4794) terminated with status 89 kernel: init: dovecot main process (4805) terminated with status 89 --Edit 2 (/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf)-- The following is the dovecot.conf file protocols = imap imaps pop3 pop3s log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S " mail_location = maildir:/home/vmail/%d/%n/Maildir ssl_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem namespace private { separator = . prefix = INBOX. inbox = yes } protocol lda { log_path = /home/vmail/dovecot-deliver.log auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master postmaster_address = postmaster@[mydomainname.com] mail_plugins = sieve global_script_path = /home/vmail/globalsieverc } protocol pop3 { pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv } auth default { user = root passdb sql { args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf } userdb static { args = uid=5000 gid=5000 home=/home/vmail/%d/%n allow_all_users=yes } socket listen { master { path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master mode = 0600 user = vmail } client { path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth mode = 0660 user = postfix group = postfix } } } -- Edit 3 (/var/log/mail.log) -- The following is what is in /var/log/mail.log dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.13 starting up (core dumps disabled) dovecot: ssl-params: Generating SSL parameters postfix/master[9917]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix dovecot: ssl-params: SSL parameters regeneration completed postfix/master[9917]: terminating on signal 15 postfix/master[10196]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix dovecot: master: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: config: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: anvil: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) dovecot: log: Warning: Killed with signal 15 (by pid=1 uid=0 code=kill) postfix/master[2435]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix postfix/master[2435]: terminating on signal 15 postfix/master[2965]: daemon started -- version 2.8.5, configuration /etc/postfix

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  • gallery2 and nginx with rewrite return file not found for file name with space (or + sign in url)

    - by Vangel
    I have setup nginx with gallery2 on an internal server. Everything works fine under apache2 which I checked first, it used to be on apache2 Problem is: gallery2 seems to generate url with + sign in it for file names/ images which had spaces in it so a file like "may report.jpg" becomes "may+report.jpg" The URL rewrite works but gallery2 throws an error for file not found. THis does not happen under apache2. Here is my nginx rewrite rule: location / { index main.php index.html; default_type text/html; # If the file exists as a static file serve it # directly without running all # the other rewite tests on it if (-f $request_filename) { break; } } location /v/ { # if ($request_uri !~ /main.php) # { rewrite ^/v/(.*)$ /main.php?g2_view=core.ShowItem&g2_path=$1 last; # } } location /d/ { if ($request_uri !~ /main.php) { rewrite ^/d/([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/(.*)$ /main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=$1&g2_serialNumber=$2&g2_fileName=$3 last; } } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8889; fastcgi_index main.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # to support 404s for PHP files not found fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } the sit on its own works fine. only the images with spaces in file name do not display in album view and also when clicking the the image for full page view will throw this error Error (ERROR_MISSING_OBJECT) : Parent 103759 path report+april+456.flv in modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFileSystemEntityHelper_simple.class at line 98 (GalleryCoreApi::error) in modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class at line 1853 (GalleryFileSystemEntityHelper_simple::fetchChildIdByPathComponent) in modules/core/classes/helpers/GalleryFileSystemEntityHelper_simple.class at line 53 (GalleryCoreApi::fetchChildIdByPathComponent) in modules/core/classes/GalleryCoreApi.class at line 1804 (GalleryFileSystemEntityHelper_simple::fetchItemIdByPath) in modules/rewrite/classes/RewriteSimpleHelper.class at line 45 (GalleryCoreApi::fetchItemIdByPath) in ??? at line 0 (RewriteSimpleHelper::loadItemIdFromPath) in modules/rewrite/classes/RewriteUrlGenerator.class at line 103 in modules/rewrite/classes/parsers/modrewrite/ModRewriteUrlGenerator.class at line 37 (RewriteUrlGenerator::_onLoad) in init.inc at line 147 (ModRewriteUrlGenerator::initNavigation) in main.php at line 180 in main.php at line 94 in main.php at line 83 System Information Gallery version 2.2.4 PHP version 5.3.6 fpm-fcgi Webserver nginx/0.8.55 Database mysqli 5.0.95 Toolkits ImageMagick, Thumbnail, Gd Operating system Linux CentOS-55-64-minimal 2.6.18-274.18.1.el5 #1 SMP Thu Feb 9 12:45:44 EST 2012 x86_64 Browser Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.52 Safari/536.5 In the report above there is usable system information if that helps. I know the nginx is old but it comes as default in centos repo and I am not sure if upgrading will fix the problem or break something else it seems gallery2 must map the + to space internally but why it's not doing so with nginx I can't tell. EDIT: I just verified that if I change the '+' sign to %20 then gallery2 works. but gallery2 is generating URL as +. I found a (maybe) related problem here for IIS7 and Gallery2 http://forums.asp.net/t/1431951.aspx EDIT2: Accessing the URL without rewrite and having the + sign works. Must be something to do with rewrite. Here is the relevant apache2 rule that might be of help RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /d/([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/([^/?]+)(\?.|\ .) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/main\.php$ RewriteRule . /main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=%1&g2_serialNumber=%2&g2_fileName=%3 [QSA,L] RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /v/([^?]+)(\?.|\ .) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/main\.php$ RewriteRule . /main.php?g2_path=%1 [QSA,L]

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  • Magento installation problem on Nginx in Windows

    - by Nithin
    I am trying to install magento locally using nginx as the web server instead of Apache. I copied the magento folder to the html directory. When i try to call the magento folder, I get the 404 not found error. I am able to access other php files setup in the html folder and have PHP installed. Here is my config file: #user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 8080; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; allow all; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME c:/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443; # server_name localhost; # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; # ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} } How do I fix this? This is what I found in the error.log file : 2011/09/06 12:22:35 [error] 5632#0: *1 "/cygdrive/c/nginx/html/magento/index.php/install/index.html" is not found (20: Not a directory), client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /magento/index.php/install/ HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:8080"

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  • OpenSwan IPSec phase #2 complications

    - by XXL
    Phase #1 (IKE) succeeds without any problems (verified at the target host). Phase #2 (IPSec), however, is erroneous at some point (apparently due to misconfiguration on localhost). This should be an IPSec-only connection. I am using OpenSwan on Debian. The error log reads the following (the actual IP-addr. of the remote endpoint has been modified): pluto[30868]: "x" #2: initiating Quick Mode PSK+ENCRYPT+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1 msgid:5ece82ee proposal=AES(12)_256-SHA1(2)_160 pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH22} pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #1: the peer proposed: 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 - 0.0.0.0/0:0/0 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: responding to Quick Mode proposal {msgid:a4f5a81c} pluto[30868]: "x" #3: us: 192.168.1.76<192.168.1.76[+S=C] pluto[30868]: "x" #3: them: 222.222.222.222<222.222.222.222[+S=C]===10.196.0.0/17 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: transition from state STATE_QUICK_R0 to state STATE_QUICK_R1 pluto[30868]: "x" #3: STATE_QUICK_R1: sent QR1, inbound IPsec SA installed, expecting QI2 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: ignoring informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000 pluto[30868]: "x" #1: received and ignored informational message pluto[30868]: "x" #3: next payload type of ISAKMP Hash Payload has an unknown value: 97 X pluto[30868]: "x" #3: malformed payload in packet pluto[30868]: | payload malformed after IV I am behind NAT and this is all coming from wlan2. Here are the details: default via 192.168.1.254 dev wlan2 proto static 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan2 scope link metric 1000 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.76 metric 2 Output of ipsec verify: Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly: Version check and ipsec on-path [OK] Linux Openswan U2.6.37/K3.2.0-24-generic (netkey) Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK] SAref kernel support [N/A] NETKEY: Testing XFRM related proc values [OK] [OK] [OK] Checking that pluto is running [OK] Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK] Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [OK] Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK] Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing [OK] Checking for 'ip' command [OK] Checking /bin/sh is not /bin/dash [WARNING] Checking for 'iptables' command [OK] Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] This is what happens when I run ipsec auto --up x: 104 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I1: initiate 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [RFC 3947] method set to=109 106 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent MI2, expecting MR2 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Cisco-Unity] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [Dead Peer Detection] 003 "x" #1: ignoring unknown Vendor ID payload [502099ff84bd4373039074cf56649aad] 003 "x" #1: received Vendor ID payload [XAUTH] 003 "x" #1: NAT-Traversal: Result using RFC 3947 (NAT-Traversal): i am NATed 108 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent MI3, expecting MR3 004 "x" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=aes_128 prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024} 117 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: initiate 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 20s for response 010 "x" #2: STATE_QUICK_I1: retransmission; will wait 40s for response 031 "x" #2: max number of retransmissions (2) reached STATE_QUICK_I1. No acceptable response to our first Quick Mode message: perhaps peer likes no proposal 000 "x" #2: starting keying attempt 2 of at most 3, but releasing whack I have enabled NAT traversal in ipsec.conf accordingly. Here are the settings relative to the connection in question: version 2.0 config setup plutoopts="--perpeerlog" plutoopts="--interface=wlan2" dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/ nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn x authby=secret pfs=yes auto=add phase2alg=aes256-sha1;dh22 keyingtries=3 ikelifetime=8h type=transport left=192.168.1.76 leftsubnet=192.168.1.0/24 leftprotoport=0/0 right=222.222.222.222 rightsubnet=10.196.0.0/17 rightprotoport=0/0 Here are the specs provided by the other end that must be met for Phase #2: encryption algorithm: AES (128 or 256 bit) hash algorithm: SHA local ident1 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.196.0.0/255.255.128.0/0/0) local ident2 (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.241.0.0/255.255.0.0/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (x.x.x.x/x.x.x.x/0/0) (internal network or localhost) Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/3600 seconds PFS: DH group2 So, finally, what might be the cause of the issue that I am experiencing? Thank you.

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  • Linux pptp client stops working after several hours

    - by Aron Rotteveel
    Here's the situation: Setup: 1 Windows Server 2008 machine acting as a Domain Controller and RRAS server 1 CentOS machine in a datacentre located elsewhere PPTP client running on CentOS machine, connected to the DC via When I connect to the DC, everything is working fine. I have set up a static IP for the dialup connection in my RRAS server so that the CentOS machine is automatically assigned the IP 192.168.1.240. Inside the VPN, it is not possible to access this machine on the local IP-address. Perfect. However, after several hours, it simply seems to stop working (IE: I cannot ping to or from this machine on the local network). The strange thing is, however: The DC shows the VPN client as still being connected The CentOS machine shows the network interface as being up There are no entries in my /var/log/messages that indicate a problem Output from ifconfig: ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:192.168.1.240 P-t-P:192.168.1.160 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1396 Metric:1 RX packets:43 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:4511 (4.4 KiB) TX bytes:15071 (14.7 KiB) Output from route -n: 192.168.1.160 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 I have the following in my ip-up.local: route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ppp0 The situation can be easily fixed by issueing a killall pppd and re-connecting. However, I obviously do not want to do this every X-hours or so. I have tried running pppd with both the debug as the kdebug flag but cannot find the cause of this problem. Currently, my ppp0 network interface seems to be running and the last log lines mentioning it are: Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: local IP address 192.168.1.240 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: remote IP address 192.168.1.160 Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up started (pid 10952) Feb 19 14:10:40 graviton pppd[10934]: Script /etc/ppp/ip-up finished (pid 10952), status = 0x0 Feb 19 14:11:27 graviton pptp[10935]: anon log[decaps_gre:pptp_gre.c:414]: buffering packet 190 (expecting 189, lost or reordered) Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:11:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Request received. Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 6 'Echo-Reply' Feb 19 14:12:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:13:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:14:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:15:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:16:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:677]: Echo Reply received. Feb 19 14:19:37 graviton pptp[10942]: anon log[logecho:pptp_ctrl.c:679]: no more Echo Reply/Request packets will be reported. I have enabled the persist option. The network interface is still running, but it is still impossible to send data through the VPN. Any help is appreciated.

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  • Squid refresh_pattern won't cache "Expires: ..."

    - by Marcelo Cantos
    Background I frequent the OpenGL ES documentation site at http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/. Even though the content is completely static, it seems to force a reload on every single page I visit, which is very annoying. I have a squid 3.0 proxy set up (apt-get install squid3 on Ubuntu 10.04), and I added a refresh_pattern to force the pages to cache: refresh_pattern ^http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1\.1/docs/man/ … 1440 20% 10080 … override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-no-store This is all on one line, of course. While this appears to work for the XHTML documents (e.g., glBindTexture), it fails to cache the linked content, such as the DTD, some .ent files (?) and some XSL files. The delay in fetching these extra files delays rendering of the main document, so my principal annoyance isn't fixed. The only difference I can glean with these ancillary files is that they come with an Expires: header set to the current time, whereas the XHTML document has none. But I would have expected the override-expire option to fix this. I have confirmed that documents have the same base URL. I have also truncated the pattern to varying degrees, with no effect. My questions Why does the override-expire option not seem to work? Is there a simple way to tell squid to unconditionally cache a document, no matter what it finds in the response headers? (Hopefully) relevant output cache.log Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Processing Configuration File: /etc/squid3/squid.conf (depth 0) Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| WARNING: use of 'override-expire' in 'refresh_pattern' violates HTTP Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| WARNING: use of 'ignore-reload' in 'refresh_pattern' violates HTTP Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| WARNING: use of 'ignore-no-cache' in 'refresh_pattern' violates HTTP Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| WARNING: use of 'ignore-no-store' in 'refresh_pattern' violates HTTP Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| WARNING: use of 'ignore-private' in 'refresh_pattern' violates HTTP Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 37082, FD 10 Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Adding nameserver 192.168.1.1 from /etc/resolv.conf Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 11. Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Accepting ICP messages at 0.0.0.0, port 3130, FD 13. Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| HTCP Disabled. Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Loaded Icons. Jan 01 10:33:30 1970/06/25 21:18:27| Ready to serve requests. access.log Jun 25 21:19:35 2010.710 0 192.168.1.50 TCP_MEM_HIT/200 2452 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/glBindTexture.xml - NONE/- text/xml Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.263 543 192.168.1.50 TCP_MISS/304 322 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml1-transitional.dtd - DIRECT/74.54.224.215 - Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.276 556 192.168.1.50 TCP_MISS/304 370 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/mathml.xsl - DIRECT/74.54.224.215 - Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.666 278 192.168.1.50 TCP_MISS/304 322 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-lat1.ent - DIRECT/74.54.224.215 - Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.958 279 192.168.1.50 TCP_MISS/304 322 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-symbol.ent - DIRECT/74.54.224.215 - Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.251 276 192.168.1.50 TCP_MISS/304 322 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-special.ent - DIRECT/74.54.224.215 - Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.332 0 192.168.1.50 TCP_IMS_HIT/304 316 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/ctop.xsl - NONE/- text/xml Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.332 0 192.168.1.50 TCP_IMS_HIT/304 316 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/pmathml.xsl - NONE/- text/xml store.log Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.263 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF D3056C09B42659631A65A08F97794E45 304 1277464776 -1 1277464776 unknown -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml1-transitional.dtd Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.276 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF 9BF7F37442FD84DD0AC0479E38329E3C 304 1277464776 -1 1277464776 unknown -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/mathml.xsl Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.666 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF 7BCFCE88EC91578C8E2589CB6310B3A1 304 1277464776 -1 1277464776 unknown -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-lat1.ent Jun 25 21:19:36 2010.958 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF ECF1B24E437CFAA08A2785AA31A042A0 304 1277464777 -1 1277464777 unknown -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-symbol.ent Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.251 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF 36FE3D76C80F0106E6E9F3B7DCE924FA 304 1277464777 -1 1277464777 unknown -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml-special.ent Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.332 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF A33E5A5CCA2BFA059C0FA25163485192 304 1277462871 1221139523 1277462871 text/xml -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/ctop.xsl Jun 25 21:19:37 2010.332 RELEASE -1 FFFFFFFF E2CF8854443275755915346052ACE14E 304 1277462872 1221139523 1277462872 text/xml -1/0 GET http://www.khronos.org/opengles/sdk/1.1/docs/man/pmathml.xsl

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  • Apache outputs all urls of a second domain as a subfolder of the primary domain name

    - by s_rathbone
    Hi all, would anyone be able to possibly give me some guidance.. Basically, i have a 'shared hosting' account with a large internet hosting provider, and my account lets me have multiple seperate domains within this folder structure.(note: not aliased domains and not sub domains). so, my goal is to have 2 domains set up. i have already purchased the two domain names i need: The first domain is the 'primary' domain name for the root folder(eg. www.example1.com) and the second domain name is set for one of its sub folders(eg. www.example2.com is set to the folder www.example1.com/sites/music). The problem is that when apache returns a page of the second domain back to the browser, apache writes the hyperlinks as if it's a sub folder of the first domain ( eg. www.example2.com/index.html. comes out as http://www.example1.com/sites/music/index.html). Now, I have done some reading on this, looking though "Apache: the definitive guide"(o'reilly), and although it was useful, couldn't really find the answer. i'm guessing this issue is most likely an apache setup issue in http.conf, rather than an issue with the hosting company itself (which is why im posting it here) and I have also been to the official documentation for apache site, and i am guessing i might need to use something like the rewritebase directive in htaccess files.. but im really not sure, im more of a java programmer guy, and have been struggling with this for a couple of days. Any guidance would be REALLY appreciated. If it helps, my hosting company is godaddy, and my sites are hosted on linux. My problem was originally with wordpress which i reinstalled a number of times in various ways to correct the problem, but ive just done a test with a very simple static html, and it still has the same issue with relative urls like this: <html> <head></head><body><a href="images/dog.html">Pictures of Dogs</a></body> </html> However, it is fine if i hardcode the urls like this: <html> <head></head><body><a href="http://www.example2.com/images/dog.html">Pictures of Dogs</a></body> </html> Thanks heaps, Steve R NOW FIXED Ok, the problem has now been fixed, and i didn't need to modify any .conf or .htaccess files. The problem was, that when I went to install the second application into a second domain from the godaddy site, one of the setup questions is that it asks you which site you want it installed to. after that it asks for the desired folder path. However, the problem was that the second domain name was already pointing to the correct subfolder of the primary domain. So when I started installing wordpress again and came to the menu to select which site it was for, and it listed only the primary domain as an option, i assumed that this was like a label of "which hosting account?", or "which primary domain will your application will be installed under?" because I already knew that in the next step i was specifiying the folder. In order to correct this, you must make sure that your second domain is added to your domain list so that it will be listed as an option during the installation process. For further details please read tystips.com/archives/52/how2-save-money-host-multiple-wordpress-blogs-on-a-single-godaddy-hosting-account/

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  • nginx: problem configuring a proxy_pass

    - by Ofer Bar
    I'm converting a web app from apache to nginx. In apache's httpd.conf I have: ProxyPass /proxy/ http:// ProxyPassReverse /proxy/ http:// The idea is the client send this url: http://web-server-domain/proxy/login-server-addr/loginUrl.php?user=xxx&pass=yyy and the web server calls: http://login-server-addr/loginUrl.php?user=xxx&pass=yyy My nginx.conf is attached below and it is not working. At the moment it looks like it is calling the server, but returning an application error. This seems promising but any attempt to debug this failed! I can't trace any of the calls as nginx refuses to place them in the error file. Also, placing echo statement on the login server did not help either which is weird. The nginx documentation isn't very helpful about this. Any suggestion on how to configure a proxy_pass? Thanks! user nginx; worker_processes 1; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; # # The default server # server { rewrite_log on; listen 80; server_name _; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; #root /var/www/live/html; index index.php index.html index.htm; location ~ ^/proxy/(.*$) { #location /proxy/ { # rewrite ^/proxy(.*) http://$1 break; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffering off; proxy_pass http://$1; #proxy_pass "http://173.231.134.36/messages_2.7.0/loginUser.php?userID=ofer.fly%40gmail.com&password=y4HTD93vrshMNcy2Qr5ka7ia0xcaa389f4885f59c9"; break; } location / { root /var/www/live/html; #if ( $uri ~ ^/proxy/(.*) ) { # proxy_pass http://$1; # break; #} #try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } error_page 404 /404.html; #location = /404.html { # root /usr/share/nginx/html; #} # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #location = /50x.html { # root /usr/share/nginx/html; #} # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { #root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/live/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }

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  • broadcom 5722 NIC not installed on Ubuntu Server, although driver present

    - by Bastien
    Hello, I just installed Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS, running kernel 2.6.32-24-server, on a brand new Dell T110 server, supposedly fully compatible with Ubuntu Server. I have two NICs: one ONBOARD, the other additional on PCI. both of them are Broadcom netXtreme 5572. on the first boot of the system, I could see both cards as eth0 and eth1 (with ifconfig) I configured eth0 as static IP (as planned), and did not configure eth1. after rebooting, one of the two NICs "disappeared": it does not appear in ifconfig at all. the one that disappeared is the ONBOARD one. I investigated a bit and found the following things: the card is SEEN, but not "installed", it appears as "UNCLAIMED" in lshw: *-network UNCLAIMED description: Ethernet controller product: NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:df9f0000-df9fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 00 serial: 00:10:18:60:23:64 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.102 duplex=full firmware=5722-v3.09 ip=10.129.167.25 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100MB/s resources: irq:35 memory:dfaf0000-dfafffff so I checked my dmesg and found a few strange lines, showing, there actually is a problem bringing up this card: [ 3.737506] tg3: Could not obtain valid ethernet address, aborting. [ 3.737527] tg3 0000:04:00.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 3.737535] tg3: probe of 0000:04:00.0 failed with error -22 [ 3.737553] alloc irq_desc for 17 on node -1 [ 3.737555] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1 [ 3.737560] tg3 0000:05:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 3.737566] tg3 0000:05:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.793529] eth0: Tigon3 [partno(BCM95722A2202G) rev a200] (PCI Express) MAC address 00:10:18:60:23:64 [ 3.793532] eth0: attached PHY is 5722/5756 (10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet) (WireSpeed[1]) [ 3.793534] eth0: RXcsums[1] LinkChgREG[0] MIirq[0] ASF[0] TSOcap[1] [ 3.793536] eth0: dma_rwctrl[76180000] dma_mask[64-bit] that actually shows that one NIC is recognized, the other is not. I researched a bit more, with lspci -v: 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Flags: fast devsel, IRQ 16 Memory at df9f0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: [48] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [50] Vital Product Data <?> Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-fe-ff-00-00-00 Kernel modules: tg3 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5722 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 35 Memory at dfaf0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Expansion ROM at <ignored> [disabled] Capabilities: [48] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [50] Vital Product Data <?> Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable+ Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 64-23-60-fe-ff-18-10-00 Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: tg3 Kernel modules: tg3 here I could see that the MAC address is 00-00-00-FE-FF-00-00-00, which, according to some forum posts on several websites, could be an issue. I've researched everything I could on the net, and found out several people having slightly comparable issues, but they usually involve different HW, and do not provide a proper explanation / solution... I would appreciate if anyone around here has some info to share ! thanks

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  • Cannot connect to MySQL over TCP locally - Connection Timeout - Ubuntu 9.04

    - by gav
    I am running Ubuntu and am ultimately trying to connect Tomcat to my MySQL database using JDBC. It has worked previously but after a reboot the instance now fails to connect. Both Tomcat 6 and MySQL 5.0.75 are on the same machine Connection string: jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306 I can connect to MySQL on the command line using the mysql command The my.cnf file is pretty standard (Available on request) has bind address: 127.0.0.1 I cannot Telnet to the MySQL port despite netstat saying MySQL is listening I have one IpTables rule to forward 80 - 8080 and no firewall I'm aware of. I'm pretty new to this and I'm not sure what else to test. I don't know whether I should be looking in etc/interfaces and if I did what to look for. It's weird because it used to work but after a reboot it's down so I must have changed something.... :). I realise a timeout indicates the server is not responding and I assume it's because the request isn't actually getting through. I installed MySQL via apt-get and Tomcat manually. MySqld processes root@88:/var/log/mysql# ps -ef | grep mysqld root 21753 1 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 21792 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock root 21793 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 logger -p daemon.err -t mysqld_safe -i -t mysqld root 21888 13676 0 11:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld Netstat root@88:/var/log/mysql# netstat -lnp | grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21792/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1926205077 21792/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Toy Connection Class root@88:~# cat TestConnect/TestConnection.java import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestConnection { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { Connection con = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); System.out.println("Got driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306", "uname", "pass"); System.out.println("Got connection"); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Successfully connected to " + "MySQL server using TCP/IP..."); } finally { if(con != null) con.close(); } } } Toy Connection Class Output Note: This is the same error I get from Tomcat. root@88:~/TestConnect# java -cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:. TestConnection Got driver Exception in thread "main" com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 1 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at TestConnection.main(TestConnection.java:14) Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:344) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2181) ... 12 more Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ... 13 more Telnet Output root@88:~/TestConnect# telnet localhost 3306 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

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  • Cisco ASA 5505 site to site IPSEC VPN won't route from multiple LANs

    - by franklundy
    Hi I've set up a standard site to site VPN between 2 ASA 5505s (using the wizard in ASDM) and have the VPN working fine for traffic between Site A and Site B on the directly connected LANs. But this VPN is actually to be used for data originating on LAN subnets that are one hop away from the directly connected LANs. So actually there is another router connected to each ASA (LAN side) that then route to two completely different LAN ranges, where the clients and servers reside. At the moment, any traffic that gets to the ASA that has not originated from the directly connected LAN gets sent straight to the default gateway, and not through the VPN. I've tried adding the additional subnets to the "Protected Networks" on the VPN, but that has no effect. I have also tried adding a static route to each ASA trying to point the traffic to the other side, but again this hasn't worked. Here is the config for one of the sites. This works for traffic to/from the 192.168.144.x subnets perfectly. What I need is to be able to route traffic from 10.1.0.0/24 to 10.2.0.0/24 for example. ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname Site1 enable password ** encrypted names name 192.168.144.4 Site2 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.144.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.78.254.70 255.255.255.252 (this is a private WAN circuit) ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! passwd ** encrypted ftp mode passive access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_1_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-603.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.78.254.69 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 1 match address outside_1_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 1 set pfs crypto map outside_map 1 set peer 10.78.254.66 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 no crypto isakmp nat-traversal telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-idle-timeout none username enadmin password * encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! prompt hostname context

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  • Munin not creating HTML files in Ubuntu Server 14.04

    - by lepe
    I have used munin in several servers and this is the first time is taking me so much time to set it up. When I telnet munin directly, I can list the services, there is no error at the logs and munin its being updated every 5 minutes. However no html files are created. I'm using the default location (/var/cache/munin/www) and I can confirm the permissions of that directory are set to munin.munin (IP and domain has been changed) munin.conf: dbdir /var/lib/munin htmldir /var/cache/munin/www logdir /var/log/munin rundir /var/run/munin [example.com;] address 100.100.50.200 munin-node.conf: log_level 4 log_file /var/log/munin/munin-node.log pid_file /var/run/munin/munin-node.pid background 1 setsid 1 user root group root host_name example.com allow ^127\.0\.0\.1$ allow ^100\.100\.50\.200$ allow ^::1$ /etc/hosts : 100.100.50.200 example.com 127.0.0.1 localhost $ telnet example.com 4949 Trying 100.100.50.200... Connected to example.com. Escape character is '^]'. # munin node at example.com list apache_accesses apache_processes apache_volume cpu cpuspeed df df_inode entropy fail2ban forks fw_packets if_err_eth0 if_err_eth1 if_eth0 if_eth1 interrupts ipmi_fans ipmi_power ipmi_temp irqstats load memory munin_stats mysql_bin_relay_log mysql_commands mysql_connections mysql_files_tables mysql_innodb_bpool mysql_innodb_bpool_act mysql_innodb_insert_buf mysql_innodb_io mysql_innodb_io_pend mysql_innodb_log mysql_innodb_rows mysql_innodb_semaphores mysql_innodb_tnx mysql_myisam_indexes mysql_network_traffic mysql_qcache mysql_qcache_mem mysql_replication mysql_select_types mysql_slow mysql_sorts mysql_table_locks mysql_tmp_tables ntp_2001:e40:100:208::123 ntp_91.189.94.4 ntp_kernel_err ntp_kernel_pll_freq ntp_kernel_pll_off ntp_offset ntp_states open_files open_inodes postfix_mailqueue postfix_mailvolume proc_pri processes swap threads uptime users vmstat fetch df _dev_sda3.value 2.1762874086869 _sys_fs_cgroup.value 0 _run.value 0.0503536980635825 _run_lock.value 0 _run_shm.value 0 _run_user.value 0 _dev_sda5.value 0.0176986285727571 _dev_sda8.value 1.08464646179852 _dev_sda7.value 0.0346633563514803 _dev_sda9.value 6.81031810822797 _dev_sda6.value 9.0932802215469 . /var/log/munin/munin-node.log Process Backgrounded 2014/08/16-14:13:36 Munin::Node::Server (type Net::Server::Fork) starting! pid(19610) Binding to TCP port 4949 on host 100.100.50.200 with IPv4 2014/08/16-14:23:11 CONNECT TCP Peer: "[100.100.50.200]:55949" Local: "[100.100.50.200]:4949" 2014/08/16-14:36:16 CONNECT TCP Peer: "[100.100.50.200]:56209" Local: "[100.100.50.200]:4949" /var/log/munin/munin-update.log ... 2014/08/16 14:30:01 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:30:01 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) 2014/08/16 14:35:02 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:35:02 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) 2014/08/16 14:40:01 [INFO]: Starting munin-update 2014/08/16 14:40:01 [INFO]: Munin-update finished (0.00 sec) $ ls -la /var/cache/munin/www/ drwxr-xr-x 3 munin munin 19 Aug 16 13:55 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16 Aug 16 13:54 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 munin munin 4096 Aug 16 13:55 static Any ideas on why it is not working? EDIT This is how /var/log/munin/ log looks like after some days: -rw-r----- 1 www-data 0 Aug 16 13:54 munin-cgi-graph.log -rw-r----- 1 www-data 0 Aug 16 13:54 munin-cgi-html.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 0 Aug 16 13:55 munin-html.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 0 Aug 19 06:18 munin-limits.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 15K Aug 18 14:10 munin-limits.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 munin 1.8K Aug 18 06:15 munin-limits.log.2.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 1.3K Aug 17 06:15 munin-limits.log.3.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root 6.5K Aug 16 13:55 munin-node-configure.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root 0 Aug 17 06:18 munin-node.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root 420 Aug 16 14:52 munin-node.log.1.gz -rw-r----- 1 munin 0 Aug 19 06:18 munin-update.log -rw-r----- 1 munin 11K Aug 18 14:10 munin-update.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 munin 1.6K Aug 18 06:15 munin-update.log.2.gz -rw-rw-r-- 1 munin 1.5K Aug 17 06:15 munin-update.log.3.gz

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  • Netgear VPN endpoint drops connectivity to single IP address

    - by Justin Bowers
    I'm having a strange issue with one of the networks I manage recently. We have about 14 different networks connected together through a Netgear hardware VPN. Everything has been running fine (other than standard connectivity problems) for a few years now, but I've hit a wall with a problem that's just cropped up at one of the VPN endpoint locations. Our primary VPN network is on the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet and our other 13 networks are on the 192.168.2.0/24 - 192.168.14.0/24 subnets. We run a terminal server on the 192.168.1.0/24 network with IP address 192.168.1.100. Starting Thursday of last week, we had a problem with connectivity of the 192.168.2.0/24 network to 192.168.1.100. When troubleshooting the problem, I found that Network 2 (192.168.2.0/24) still had connectivity to the Internet as well as VPN connectivity to Network 1 (192.168.1.0/24). We could ping and connect to any other device other than the server with IP address 192.168.1.100. Also, none of our networks had an issue accessing 192.168.1.100. I ran a scan on Network 2 after assigning static IP addresses to one of the workstations but received no response from 192.168.1.100 (looking for possibly a new device that someone had plugged into Network 2 that had a duplicate IP address with the server). Asking the staff, noone had reported connecting a new device to Network 2 as well. I then assigned a secondary IP address of 192.168.1.88 to the server and could ping and connect to the secondary IP address from Network 2, but still couldn't access it via 192.168.1.100. I then just rebooted the Netgear VPN Firewall (FVS318v3) and after it came back up, connectivity to 192.168.1.100 was restored. Beforehand, when checking for devices with a possible duplicate IP address, I did run a check for available wireless access points and stations and found none (our wireless is secured via MAC address access control through a WG102 device). I thought that it may have been a fluke for some reason since everything came back up after a power cycle of the VPN Firewall. Things ran fine for a few days until this afternoon, when the problem happened again. One of our users claimed that they had connectivity problems to the server and after connecting to the computer, I found that I couldn't ping the server address anymore. I could still ping the alternate IP address of the server though, so I went ahead and rebooted the VPN firewall again and connectivity was restored. Unfortunately, I can't find anything in the security or VPN logs of the firewall that helps point me in the right direction, so I thought I would go ahead and ask to see if anyone else has any other insight into why we've started having this problem. I am aware that it could still be a device with a duplicate IP address of the server on Network 2, but every employee claim states that there's been no such new device brought in to the network. I know this is a long read, but any help is appreciated! Thanks, Justin

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  • Have I pushed the limits of my current VPS or is there room for optimization?

    - by JRameau
    I am currently on a mediatemple DV server (basic) 512mb dedicated ram, this is a CentOS based VPS with Plesk and Virtuozzo. My experience with it from day 1 has been bad and I only could sooth my server issues with several caching "Band-aids," but my sites are not as small as they were a year ago either so the issues have worsen. I have 3 Drupal installs running on separate (plesk) domains, 1 of those drupal installs is a multisite, that consists of 5-6 sites 2 of those sites are bringing in actual traffic. Those caching "Band-aids" I mentioned are APC, which seemed to help alot initially, and Drupal's Boost, which is considered a poorman's Varnish, it makes all my pages static for anonymous users. Last 30day combined estimate on Google Ananlytics: 90k visitors 260k pageviews. Issue: alot of downtime, I am continually checking if my sites are up, and lately I have been finding it down more than 3 times daily. Restarting Apache will bring it back up, for some time. I have google search every error message and looked up ways to optimize my DV server, and I am beyond stump what is my next move. Is this server bad, have I hit a impossibly low restriction such as the 12mb kernel memory barrier (kmemsize), is it on my end, do I need to optimize some more? *I have provided as much information as I can below, any help or suggestions given will be appreciated Common Error messages I see in the log: [error] (12)Cannot allocate memory: fork: Unable to fork new process [error] make_obcallback: could not import mod_python.apache.\n Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/mod_python/apache.py", line 21, in ? import traceback File "/usr/lib/python2.4/traceback.py", line 3, in ? import linecache ImportError: No module named linecache [error] python_handler: no interpreter callback found. [warn-phpd] mmap cache can't open /var/www/vhosts/***/httpdocs/*** - Too many open files in system (pid ***) [alert] Child 8125 returned a Fatal error... Apache is exiting! [emerg] (43)Identifier removed: couldn't grab the accept mutex [emerg] (22)Invalid argument: couldn't release the accept mutex cat /proc/user_beancounters: Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 41548: kmemsize 4582652 5306699 12288832 13517715 21105036 lockedpages 0 0 600 600 0 privvmpages 38151 42676 229036 249036 0 shmpages 16274 16274 17237 17237 2 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numproc 43 46 300 300 0 physpages 27260 29528 0 2147483647 0 vmguarpages 0 0 131072 2147483647 0 oomguarpages 27270 29538 131072 2147483647 0 numtcpsock 21 29 300 300 0 numflock 8 8 480 528 0 numpty 1 1 30 30 0 numsiginfo 0 1 1024 1024 0 tcpsndbuf 648440 675272 2867477 4096277 1711499 tcprcvbuf 301620 359716 2867477 4096277 0 othersockbuf 4472 4472 1433738 2662538 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 0 1433738 1433738 0 numothersock 12 12 300 300 0 dcachesize 0 0 2684271 2764800 0 numfile 3447 3496 6300 6300 3872 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 14 14 200 200 0 TOP: (In January the load avg was really high 3-10, I was able to bring it down where it is currently is by giving APC more memory play around with) top - 16:46:07 up 2:13, 1 user, load average: 0.34, 0.20, 0.20 Tasks: 40 total, 2 running, 37 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.3% us, 0.1% sy, 0.0% ni, 99.7% id, 0.0% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si Mem: 916144k total, 156668k used, 759476k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached MySQLTuner: (after optimizing every table and repairing any table with overage I got the fragmented count down to 86) [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 285M (Tables: 1105) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 86 [--] Up for: 2h 44m 38s (409K q [41.421 qps], 6K conn, TX: 1B, RX: 174M) [--] Reads / Writes: 79% / 21% [--] Total buffers: 58.0M global + 2.7M per thread (100 max threads) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 675307 [!!] Temporary tables created on disk: 35% (7K on disk / 20K total)

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  • Pecl install ssh2, make failed

    - by user28259
    Hi! I'm trying really hard since two hours to install ssh2 with pecl... But all I get is: /bin/sh /root/ssh2-0.11.0/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/include -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/main -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c -o ssh2.lo mkdir .libs cc -I. -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/include -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0/main -I/root/ssh2-0.11.0 -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/ssh2.o /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:52: error: duplicate 'static' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_methods_negotiated': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:503: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:504: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:508: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:509: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:510: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:511: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:516: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:517: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:518: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:519: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_string_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:360: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_add': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1045: warning: passing argument 1 of '_efree' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_alloc.h:46: note: expected 'void *' but argument is of type 'const char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c: In function 'zif_ssh2_publickey_list': /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1104: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:361: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const unsigned char *' /root/ssh2-0.11.0/ssh2.c:1105: warning: passing argument 4 of 'add_assoc_stringl_ex' discards qualifiers from pointer target type /usr/include/php/Zend/zend_API.h:361: note: expected 'char *' but argument is of type 'const unsigned char *' make: *** [ssh2.lo] Error 1 I looked on google a lot, I found some patches which didn't worked at all. So if you think you could help me, go ahead! Thanks!

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  • Setting up a DNS name server for a mass virtual host with Bind9

    - by Dez
    I am trying to set up a chrooted DNS name server in a local LAN like this everyone connected in the LAN can have access to the mass virtual hosts defined for a development ambience without having to edit manually their local /etc/hosts one by one. The mass virtual host is named example.user.dev (VirtualDocumentRoot /home/user/example ) and example.test (DocumentRoot /var/www/example). I set up everything and the /var/log/syslog doesn't show any error, but when checking the DNS with: host -v example.test Doesn't find the host. Also using the dig command I don't receive answer. dig -x example.test ; << DiG 9.5.1-P3 << -x imprimere ;; global options: printcmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 47844 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;imprimere.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: in-addr.arpa. 600 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. dns-ops.arin.net. 2010042604 1800 900 691200 10800 ;; Query time: 108 msec ;; SERVER: 80.58.0.33#53(80.58.0.33) ;; WHEN: Mon Apr 26 11:15:53 2010 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 107 My configuration is the following: /etc/bind/named.conf.local zone "example.test" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_example.test"; notify yes; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; allow-query { any; }; file "/etc/bind/zones/master_1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify yes; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options Note: We have an static IP address so I forward the querys to DNS server to said IP address. options{ directory "/var/cache/bind"; forwarders { 80.34.100.160; }; auth-nxdomain no; listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/zones/master_example.test $ORIGIN example.test. $TTL 86400 @ IN SOA example.test. root.example.test. ( 201004227 ; serial 28800 ; refresh 14400 ; retry 3600000 ; expire 86400 ) ; min ; TXT "example.test, DNS service" @ IN NS example.test. localhost A 127.0.0.1 example.test. A 192.168.1.52 example A 192.168.1.52 www CNAME example.test. /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost example 192.168.1.52 localhost example example.test /etc/resolv.conf Note: For Bind I just added the 3 last lines. nameserver 80.58.0.33 nameserver 80.58.61.250 nameserver 80.58.61.254 search example.test search example nameserver 192.168.1.52

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  • Performance Tuning a High-Load Apache Server

    - by futureal
    I am looking to understand some server performance problems I am seeing with a (for us) heavily loaded web server. The environment is as follows: Debian Lenny (all stable packages + patched to security updates) Apache 2.2.9 PHP 5.2.6 Amazon EC2 large instance The behavior we're seeing is that the web typically feels responsive, but with a slight delay to begin handling a request -- sometimes a fraction of a second, sometimes 2-3 seconds in our peak usage times. The actual load on the server is being reported as very high -- often 10.xx or 20.xx as reported by top. Further, running other things on the server during these times (even vi) is very slow, so the load is definitely up there. Oddly enough Apache remains very responsive, other than that initial delay. We have Apache configured as follows, using prefork: StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 And KeepAlive as: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 Looking at the server-status page, even at these times of heavy load we are rarely hitting the client cap, usually serving between 80-100 requests and many of those in the keepalive state. That tells me to rule out the initial request slowness as "waiting for a handler" but I may be wrong. Amazon's CloudWatch monitoring tells me that even when our OS is reporting a load of 15, our instance CPU utilization is between 75-80%. Example output from top: top - 15:47:06 up 31 days, 1:38, 8 users, load average: 11.46, 7.10, 6.56 Tasks: 221 total, 28 running, 193 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 66.9%us, 22.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 2.6%id, 3.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.7%si, 4.5%st Mem: 7871900k total, 7850624k used, 21276k free, 68728k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 3750664k cached The majority of the processes look like: 24720 www-data 15 0 202m 26m 4412 S 9 0.3 0:02.97 apache2 24530 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4544 S 7 0.5 0:03.05 apache2 24846 www-data 15 0 209m 33m 4420 S 7 0.4 0:01.03 apache2 24083 www-data 15 0 211m 35m 4484 S 7 0.5 0:07.14 apache2 24615 www-data 15 0 212m 35m 4404 S 7 0.5 0:02.89 apache2 Example output from vmstat at the same time as the above: procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 8 0 0 215084 68908 3774864 0 0 154 228 5 7 32 12 42 9 6 21 0 198948 68936 3775740 0 0 676 2363 4022 1047 56 16 9 15 23 0 0 169460 68936 3776356 0 0 432 1372 3762 835 76 21 0 0 23 1 0 140412 68936 3776648 0 0 280 0 3157 827 70 25 0 0 20 1 0 115892 68936 3776792 0 0 188 8 2802 532 68 24 0 0 6 1 0 133368 68936 3777780 0 0 752 71 3501 878 67 29 0 1 0 1 0 146656 68944 3778064 0 0 308 2052 3312 850 38 17 19 24 2 0 0 202104 68952 3778140 0 0 28 90 2617 700 44 13 33 5 9 0 0 188960 68956 3778200 0 0 8 0 2226 475 59 17 6 2 3 0 0 166364 68956 3778252 0 0 0 21 2288 386 65 19 1 0 And finally, output from Apache's server-status: Server uptime: 31 days 2 hours 18 minutes 31 seconds Total accesses: 60102946 - Total Traffic: 974.5 GB CPU Usage: u209.62 s75.19 cu0 cs0 - .0106% CPU load 22.4 requests/sec - 380.3 kB/second - 17.0 kB/request 107 requests currently being processed, 6 idle workers C.KKKW..KWWKKWKW.KKKCKK..KKK.KKKK.KK._WK.K.K.KKKKK.K.R.KK..C.C.K K.C.K..WK_K..KKW_CK.WK..W.KKKWKCKCKW.W_KKKKK.KKWKKKW._KKK.CKK... KK_KWKKKWKCKCWKK.KKKCK.......................................... ................................................................ From my limited experience I draw the following conclusions/questions: We may be allowing far too many KeepAlive requests I do see some time spent waiting for IO in the vmstat although not consistently and not a lot (I think?) so I am not sure this is a big concern or not, I am less experienced with vmstat Also in vmstat, I see in some iterations a number of processes waiting to be served, which is what I am attributing the initial page load delay on our web server to, possibly erroneously We serve a mixture of static content (75% or higher) and script content, and the script content is often fairly processor intensive, so finding the right balance between the two is important; long term we want to move statics elsewhere to optimize both servers but our software is not ready for that today I am happy to provide additional information if anybody has any ideas, the other note is that this is a high-availability production installation so I am wary of making tweak after tweak, and is why I haven't played with things like the KeepAlive value myself yet.

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  • nginx 502 Bad Gateway on every external site

    - by Leandros
    I just installed nginx and followed the guides on the official site, to set it up with php5-fpm, but it just won't work. Not even the default site, without php is working outside of my server. Tried listen = 127.0.0.1:7777 and listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock Both don't work. I can access http://localhost with lynx on my server, but not from somewhere else (with external ip obviously). Yes, the php5-fpm deamons are running, yes the port (80 and 7777) is opened. Don't work with php-cgi as well. My config: user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_buffers 16 16k; proxy_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } Server config: (symlinked to sites-enabled) server { server_name skilloverflow.de *.skilloverflow.de; root /var/www/blog.skilloverflow.de/htdocs; index index.php; error_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.access.log; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { # This is cool because no php is touched for static content. # include the "?$args" part so non-default permalinks doesn't break when using query string try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) { return 404; } fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:7777; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } PHP Version: 5.4.17-1 nginx version: 1.2.1 Debian 6.0.7 Linux 2.6.32 Edit: Lighttpd is still installed, does that matter? It's not running though. Edit 2: No error or access log is generated. They're all empty.

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  • bind9 DNS Ubuntu names pingible on server, but not on Windows Machines?

    - by leeand00
    I setup a DNS server today on Ubuntu, following this tutorial. My intent was to setup my network for dns-name resolving on the private LAN within a single zone (nothing fancy I just want name resolution). I've tested the setup on the DNS server machine itself, and I can ping all the machines listed in the configuration file. I've also configured the Windows Machines on my network, and for some reason they are incapable of pinging by names as was possible on the DNS Server itself. I've tried running nslookup on the Windows DNS clients and I receive and error mentioning the address of the DNS server. DNS forwarding works fine, I'm not having any trouble accessing the internet, the problem only lies within accessing names within the private LAN. Here are my configuration files: options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; // If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want // to talk to, you may need to fix the firewall to allow multiple // ports to talk. See http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113 // If your ISP provided one or more IP addresses for stable // nameservers, you probably want to use them as forwarders. // Uncomment the following block, and insert the addresses replacing // the all-0's placeholder. // forwarders { // 0.0.0.0; // }; forwarders { 8.8.8.8; 8.8.8.4; 74.242.0.12; //68.87.76.178; }; auth-nxdomain no; # conform to RFC1035 listen-on-v6 { any; }; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.options zone "leerdomain.local" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db"; notify no; }; zone "2.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; notify no; }; /etc/bind/named.conf.local Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 2010011001 28800 3600 604800 38400 ); leerdomain.local. IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. ns IN A 192.168.2.9 asus IN A 192.168.2.254 www IN CNAME asus vaio IN A 192.168.2.253 iptouch IN A 192.168.2.252 toshiba IN A 192.168.2.251 gw IN A 192.168.2.1 TXT "Network Gateway" /etc/bind/zones/leerdomain.local.db (Validates fine with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local) Reverse Lookup: $TTL 3D @ IN SOA ns.leerdomain.local. admin.leerdomain.local. ( 201001101 28800 604800 604800 86400 ) IN NS ns.leerdomain.local. 1 IN PTR gw.leerdomain.local. 254 IN PTR asus.leerdomain.local. 253 IN PTR vaio.leerdomain.local. 252 IN PTR iptouch.leerdomain.local. 251 IN PTR toshiba.leerdomain.local. /etc/bind/zones/rev.2.168.192.in-addr.arpa *(Does not validate with named-checkzone when validating zone leerdomain.local gives an error of: zone leerdomain.local/IN: NS 'ns.leerdomain.local' has no address records (A or AAAA) zone leerdomain.local/IN: not loaded due to errors. * Despite not validating bind9 starts without errors in /var/log/syslog I've also configured a few of the windows machines on my network to have the static ip as specified in the lookup and reverse lookup config files. i.e. Using nslookup yields the following results: C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup ns Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 *** UnKnown can't find ns: Non-existent domain C:\Users\leeand00>nslookup gw Server: UnKnown Address: 192.168.2.9 Name: gw. Additionally trying to ping by name also fails on machines that are not the DNS Server. Is there something wrong with my configuration of either the nameserver or the Windows Boxes that is keeping me from accessing other machines using names?

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  • How to redirect http requests to https (nginx)

    - by spuder
    There appear to be many questions and guides out there that instruct how to setup nginx to redirect http requests to https. Many are outdated, or just flat out wrong. # MANAGED BY PUPPET upstream gitlab { server unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket; } # setup server with or without https depending on gitlab::gitlab_ssl variable server { listen *:80; server_name gitlab.localdomain; server_tokens off; root /nowhere; rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; } server { listen *:443 ssl default_server; server_name gitlab.localdomain; server_tokens off; root /home/git/gitlab/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers AES:HIGH:!ADH:!MDF; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # individual nginx logs for this gitlab vhost access_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.log; location / { # serve static files from defined root folder;. # @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback, see below try_files $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @gitlab; } # if a file, which is not found in the root folder is requested, # then the proxy pass the request to the upsteam (gitlab puma) location @gitlab { proxy_read_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_connect_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl on; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_pass http://gitlab; } } I've restarted after every configuration change, and yet I still only get the 'Welcome to nginx' page when visiting http://192.168.33.10. whereas https://192.168.33.10 works perfectly. Why will nginx still not redirect http requests to https? I've also tried the following configurations listen *:80; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; #root /nowhere; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; #return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://192.168.33.10$request_uri; return 301 http://$host$request_uri; The logs tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:41:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:44:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 133 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" tailf /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.lob 2013/10/22 02:29:14 [crit] 27226#0: *1 connect() to unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.33.1, server: gitlab.localdomain, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket:/", host: "192.168.33.10" Resources http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls How to make nginx redirect How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx? nginx ssl redirect Nginx & Https Redirection https://www.tinywp.in/301-redirect-wordpress/ How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

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  • Performance issues when using SSD for a developer notebook (WAMP/LAMP stack)?

    - by András Szepesházi
    I'm a web application developer using my notebook as a standalone development environment (WAMP stack). I just switched from a Core2-duo Vista 32 bit notebook with 2Gb RAM and SATA HDD, to an i5-2520M Win7 64 bit with 4Gb RAM and 128 GB SDD (Corsair P3 128). My initial experience was what I expected, fast boot, quick load of all the applications (Eclipse takes now 5 seconds as opposed to 30s on my old notebook), overall great experience. Then I started to build up my development stack, both as LAMP (using VirtualBox with a debian guest) and WAMP (windows native apache + mysql + php). I wanted to compare those two. This still all worked great out, then I started to pull in my projects to these stacks. And here came the nasty surprise, one of those projects produced a lot worse response times than on my old notebook (that was true for both the VirtualBox and WAMP stack). Apache, php and mysql configurations were practically identical in all environments. I started to do a lot of benchmarking and profiling, and here is what I've found: All general benchmarks (Performance Test 7.0, HDTune Pro, wPrime2 and some more) gave a big advantage to the new notebook. Nothing surprising here. Disc specific tests showed that read/write operations peaked around 380M/160M for the SSD, and all the different sized block operations also performed very well. Started apache performance benchmarking with Apache Benchmark for a small static html file (10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations). Old notebook: min 47ms, median 111ms, max 156ms New WAMP stack: min 71ms, median 135ms, max 296ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 6ms, median 46ms, max 175ms Right here I don't get why the native WAMP stack performed so bad, but at least the LAMP environment brought the expected speed. Apache performance measurement for non-cached php content. The php runs a loop of 1000 and generates sha1(uniqid()) inisde. Again, 10 concurrent threads, 500 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 0ms, median 39ms, max 218ms New WAMP stack: min 20ms, median 61ms, max 186ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 124ms, median 704ms, max 2463ms What the hell? The new LAMP performed miserably, and even the new native WAMP was outperformed by the old notebook. php + mysql test. The test consists of connecting to a database and reading a single record form a table using INNER JOIN on 3 more (indexed) tables, repeated 100 times within a loop. Databases were identical. 10 concurrent threads, 100 iterations were used for the benchmark. Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1734ms, max 3728ms New WAMP stack: min 367ms, median 675ms, max 1893ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 1410ms, median 3659ms, max 5045ms And the same test with concurrency set to 1 (instead of 10): Old notebook: min 1201ms, median 1261ms, max 1357ms New WAMP stack: min 399ms, median 483ms, max 539ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 285ms, median 348ms, max 444ms Strictly for my purposes, as I'm using a self contained development environment (= low concurrency) I could be satisfied with the second test's result. Though I have no idea why the VirtualBox environment performed so bad with higher concurrency. Finally I performed a test of including many php files. The application that I mentioned at the beginning, the one that was performing so bad, has a heavy bootstrap, loads hundreds of small library and configuration files while initializing. So this test does nothing else just includes about 100 files. Concurrency set to 1, 100 iterations: Old notebook: min 140ms, median 168ms, max 406ms New WAMP stack: min 434ms, median 488ms, max 604ms New LAMP stack (in VirtualBox): min 413ms, median 1040ms, max 1921ms Even if I consider that VirtualBox reached those files via shared folders, and that slows things down a bit, I still don't see how could the old notebook outperform so heavily both new configurations. And I think this is the real root of the slow performance, as the application uses even more includes, and the whole bootstrap will occur several times within a page request (for each ajax call, for example). To sum it up, here I am with a brand new high-performance notebook that loads the same page in 20 seconds, that my old notebook can do in 5-7 seconds. Needless to say, I'm not a very happy person right now. Why do you think I experience these poor performance values? What are my options to remedy this situation?

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  • Have to dhclient each restart to access internet

    - by Zeophlite
    So each time I restart my ubuntu server (virtual 10.04, via Xencenter), I have to call dhclient before I can access the internet: http://img813.imageshack.us/i/dhclient.png/ What do I need to change to get internet access automatically? Apologies for posting images, I'm using Xencenter, so I can't copy/paste the console output EDIT:: daniel@workwork:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.69.136 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.69.0 broadcast 192.168.69.255 gateway 192.168.69.1 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-nameservers 192.168.69.120 dns-search workwork.com.au daniel@workwork:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ae:11:14:22:0a:03 inet6 addr: fe80::ac11:14ff:fe22:a03/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:85 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:10496 (10.4 KB) TX bytes:13086 (13.0 KB) Interrupt:32 Base address:0x6000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b2:2c:40:f2:a0:fa inet addr:192.168.69.167 Bcast:192.168.69.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::b02c:40ff:fef2:a0fa/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13448 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3100 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:7679428 (7.6 MB) TX bytes:282286 (282.2 KB) Interrupt:36 Base address:0xa100 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:179 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:179 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:36905 (36.9 KB) TX bytes:36905 (36.9 KB) daniel@workwork:/var/lib/dhcp3$ cat dhclient.leases lease { interface "eth1"; fixed-address 192.168.69.167; filename "boot\\x86\\wdsnbp.com"; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option routers 192.168.69.1; option dhcp-lease-time 28800; option dhcp-message-type 5; option domain-name-servers 192.168.69.120,192.168.69.121; option dhcp-server-identifier 192.168.69.120; option dhcp-renewal-time 14400; option dhcp-rebinding-time 25200; option domain-name "workwork.com.au"; renew 5 2011/03/18 07:36:53; rebind 5 2011/03/18 11:35:39; expire 5 2011/03/18 12:35:39; } lease { interface "eth1"; fixed-address 192.168.69.167; filename "boot\\x86\\wdsnbp.com"; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option routers 192.168.69.1; option dhcp-lease-time 28800; option dhcp-message-type 5; option domain-name-servers 192.168.69.120,192.168.69.121; option dhcp-server-identifier 192.168.69.120; option dhcp-renewal-time 14400; option dhcp-rebinding-time 25200; option domain-name "workwork.com.au"; renew 5 2011/03/18 08:51:58; rebind 5 2011/03/18 12:24:16; expire 5 2011/03/18 13:24:16; } daniel@workwork:/var/lib/dhcp3$ cat dhclient.eth0.leases daniel@workwork:/var/lib/dhcp3$ ifconfig eth1 before and after dhclient http://img692.imageshack.us/i/prepost.png/

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  • Does this prove a network bandwidth bottleneck?

    - by Yuji Tomita
    I've incorrectly assumed that my internal AB testing means my server can handle 1k concurrency @3k hits per second. My theory at at the moment is that the network is the bottleneck. The server can't send enough data fast enough. External testing from blitz.io at 1k concurrency shows my hits/s capping off at 180, with pages taking longer and longer to respond as the server is only able to return 180 per second. I've served a blank file from nginx and benched it: it scales 1:1 with concurrency. Now to rule out IO / memcached bottlenecks (nginx normally pulls from memcached), I serve up a static version of the cached page from the filesystem. The results are very similar to my original test; I'm capped at around 180 RPS. Splitting the HTML page in half gives me double the RPS, so it's definitely limited by the size of the page. If I internally ApacheBench from the local server, I get consistent results of around 4k RPS on both the Full Page and the Half Page, at high transfer rates. Transfer rate: 62586.14 [Kbytes/sec] received If I AB from an external server, I get around 180RPS - same as the blitz.io results. How do I know it's not intentional throttling? If I benchmark from multiple external servers, all results become poor which leads me to believe the problem is in MY servers outbound traffic, not a download speed issue with my benchmarking servers / blitz.io. So I'm back to my conclusion that my server can't send data fast enough. Am I right? Are there other ways to interpret this data? Is the solution/optimization to set up multiple servers + load balancing that can each serve 180 hits per second? I'm quite new to server optimization, so I'd appreciate any confirmation interpreting this data. Outbound traffic Here's more information about the outbound bandwidth: The network graph shows a maximum output of 16 Mb/s: 16 megabits per second. Doesn't sound like much at all. Due to a suggestion about throttling, I looked into this and found that linode has a 50mbps cap (which I'm not even close to hitting, apparently). I had it raised to 100mbps. Since linode caps my traffic, and I'm not even hitting it, does this mean that my server should indeed be capable of outputting up to 100mbps but is limited by some other internal bottleneck? I just don't understand how networks at this large of a scale work; can they literally send data as fast as they can read from the HDD? Is the network pipe that big? In conclusion 1: Based on the above, I'm thinking I can definitely raise my 180RPS by adding an nginx load balancer on top of a multi nginx server setup at exactly 180RPS per server behind the LB. 2: If linode has a 50/100mbit limit that I'm not hitting at all, there must be something I can do to hit that limit with my single server setup. If I can read / transmit data fast enough locally, and linode even bothers to have a 50mbit/100mbit cap, there must be an internal bottleneck that's not allowing me to hit those caps that I'm not sure how to detect. Correct? I realize the question is huge and vague now, but I'm not sure how to condense it. Any input is appreciated on any conclusion I've made.

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