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• Why is mkfs overwriting the LUKS encryption header on LVM on RAID partitions on Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by Starchy

  I'm trying to setup a couple of LUKS-encrypted partitions to be mounted after boot-time on a new Ubuntu server which was installed with LVM on top of software RAID. After running cryptsetup luksFormat, the LUKS header is clearly visible on the volume. After running any flavor of mkfs, the header is overwritten (which does not happen on other systems that were setup without LVM), and cryptsetup will no longer recognize the device as a LUKS device. # cryptsetup -y --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/dm-1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/dm-1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 00000000 4c 55 4b 53 ba be 00 01 61 65 73 00 00 00 00 00 |LUKS....aes.....| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 62 63 2d 65 73 73 69 |........cbc-essi| 00000030 76 3a 73 68 61 32 35 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |v:sha256........| 00000040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 68 61 31 00 00 00 00 |........sha1....| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/web2-var [..snip..] Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 # cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/web2-var 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000400 00 40 5d 00 00 88 74 01 66 a0 12 00 17 f2 6d 01 |.@]...t.f.....m.| 00000410 f5 3f 5d 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.?].............| 00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 |......... ......| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var Device /dev/dm-1 is not a valid LUKS device. I have also tried mkfs.ext2 with the same result. Based on setups I've done successfully on Debian and Ubuntu (but not LVM or Ubuntu 12.04), it's hard to see why this is failing.

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• Is my HDD dead forever?

  - by Roberto

  Yesterday I turned on my computer and it couldn't boot. I found out the hd (320GB SATA Seagate Momentus 7200.3 for notebook) was broken and it couldn't be recognized by the BIOS. I have another of the same hard drive, so I exchanged the boards. I found out that there is a problem on its board since my good hard drive didn't work. But the broken hard drive doesn't work with the good board as well: it can be recognized but when I insert a Windows Instalation DVD it says the hard drive is 0GB. I put it in a case and use it in another computer via USB, and but it doesn't show up in the "My Computer". I used a software to recover files called "GetDataBack for NTFS", it recognized the hard drive but with the wrong size (2TB). I try to make it read the hard drive but it got an I/O error reading sector. It tries to read, the hard drive spins up. So, since I'm using a good board on it, the problem seems to be internal. Is there anything someone could do to recover the files from it?

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• Does Hyper-V support SCSI Pass-through discs in a Server 2003 R2 VM?

  - by Peter Bernier

  I'm running into some difficulties getting pass-through disks to be accessible to a Hyper-v server 2003 r2 virtual machine. Host OS : Server 2008 R2 full w/Hyper-V role Guest OS : Server 2003 R2 (Windows Home Server) The guest's OS disk is a pass-through disk on the IDE controller (not the best solution, but I can live with it). My storage disks will be pass-through disks on the SCSI controller. I'm able to see all of the disks that I'll be using for the VM on the host without issue. The problem that I'm having is that I can't seem to get the guest OS to be able to 'see' the storage drives (as pass-through disks on the SCSI controller). Here's what I'm doing : On the host, the storage drive is set to 'Offline' just like the OS disk (this is required for pass-through to work). In the VM, the storage drive is on the SCSI controller. Hyper-V Integration Tools are installed in guest. That's as far as I'm able to get. I don't see the drive in Computer Management, or in Windows Explorer (I've tried with an unformatted disk, as well as after formatting a partition). I am able to see a removable device that lists the disk's model number in the Guest, but I can't seem to access the storage. (I get an entry in Device Manager that needs drivers, but nothing on the Integration Tools disc works..) Trouble-shooting steps I've tried : If put the pass-through drive on the IDE controller, I can see it in the Guest. If put the storage drive 'Online' in the host and create a VHD on it on the SCSI controller, I can see it in the Guest. I suppose I could create a fixed-size VHD that consumes the entire disk, but I'd rather not have that overhead. I've also extracted the contents of the Integration Tools drivers (x86 and amd64) and tried pointing the disk controller to each of those, with no luck. Can anyone offer suggestions as to how I can get this to work properly?

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• ReadyBoost in Windows 7

  - by Robert Koritnik

  I've bought an SD card today for my phot frame, but when I inserted it into my notebook I saw I could use it for ReadyBoost. Some background I'm a .net developer, using VMs and developing web applications (and Sharepoint). I use an HP notebook machine with Core 2 Duo 2GHz + 4GB RAM + 320 7200 HD. I simultaneously run Visual Studio 2010 with some plugins SQL Server Firefox with at least 10 tabs Chrome with about 5 tabs IIS VM with Server 2008 machine Sharepoint and occasionally also Photoshop and some InDesign as well. So I don't let my machine have a break. :D Question If I buy myself some really fast SDHC card (like SanDisk 16GB Extreme 30MB/s - is there anything faster) and use it with my Windows 7 ReadyBoost, will I see any performance gain? Is it going to work something similar to Seagate's HybridDrive Momentus with 4GB of solid state drive? What could I actually expect if I do put this card into my machine? And what would be recommended size? Observations I guess redirecting page file to it would speed up the system. Some VM machines on it would probably run faster as well because they could run parallel to HD host system I guess. Am I right or wrong?

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• Why an empty MAIL FROM address can sent out email?

  - by garconcn

  We are using Smarter Mail system. Recently, we found that hacker had hacked some user accounts and sent out lots of spams. We have firewall to ratelimit the sender, but for the following email, the firewall couldn't do this because of the empty FROM address. Why an empty FROM address is consider OK? Actually, in our MTA(surgemail), we can see the sender in the email header. Any idea? Thanks. 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 220 mail30.server.com 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] connected at 6/16/2010 11:17:06 AM 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] cmd: EHLO ulix.geo.auth.gr 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 250-mail30.server.com Hello [xx.xx.xx.xx] 250-SIZE 31457280 250-AUTH LOGIN CRAM-MD5 250 OK 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] cmd: AUTH LOGIN 11:17:06 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 334 VXNlcm5hbWU6 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 235 Authentication successful 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] Authenticated as [email protected] 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] cmd: MAIL FROM: 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 250 OK < Sender ok 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] cmd: RCPT TO:[email protected] 11:17:07 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] rsp: 250 OK Recipient ok 11:17:08 [xx.xx.xx.xx][15459629] cmd: DATA

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• Setting up a Pagefile and Partition in Server 2008

  - by Brett Powell

  I am setting up 18 new machines for our company, and I have instructions from my new boss on setting up a Pagefile and Partition. I have looked at their existing machines to base the new setups off of, but there is no consistency between any 2 machines, which has left me extremely frustrated to say the least. My instructions are... 1) Set a static pagefile (use recommended value as max/min), set it on SSD if SSD available. 2) Make 3 partitions: C: is used for OS and install files D: is used for backups on machines with a SSD. On machines without SSD create a D: partition for pagefile (2*installed RAM for partition size) E: must be the partition hosting user files I have never messed with Pagefiles before, and looking at their existing machines is offering no help. My questions are... 1) As the machines I am setting up have no SSD (just 2 SATA drives) does it sound like the Pagefile should be setup on the C: (primary) drive or the D:? The instructions are vague so I have no idea. 2) As C: and D: are both Physical drives, does it sound like C: should be partitioned out to create the E: drive or D:? Thanks for any help I can get. I am extremely stressed out under a massive workload right now, and these vague instructions are quite infuriating.

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• Fedora 17 - Dropping into debug shell after attempted partitioning

  - by i.h4d35

  So I tried creating a new partition on Fedora 17 using fdisk as follows: Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (2048-823215039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9039, default 9039): +15G Once this was done,instead of formatting the partition I created, I ran the partprobe command to write the changes to the partition table. On rebooting the computer, it drops to the debug shell and gives me the error as follows: dracut warning:unable to process initqueue dracut warning:/dev/disk/by-uuid/vg_mymachine does not exist dropping to debug shell dracut:/# While trying to run fsck on the said partition from the debug shell, it says "etc/fstab not found" and inside /etc I see a fstab.empty file. Is it now possible to retrieve what I have from the computer? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance Edit: I've also tried the following steps for additional troubleshooting: I tried to boot using the Fedora disk and tried the rescue mode - says no Linux partition detected. I tried to create an fstab file by combining the entries from blkid and the /etc/mtab file and using the UUIDs from the mtab file - It didn't work. As soon as I rebooted the machine, it promptly dropped me in to the debug shell and the fstab file which i created wansn't there anymore in /etc (part of this solution)

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• Create Windows AMI with instance storage

  - by Jonathan Oliver

  I have a business use case and workflow where local/instance/ephemeral storage for an EC2 instance is ideal. Unfortunately I'm coupled to a Windows platform for this particular task and the EC2 Windows offering appears to have some deficiencies related to AMI creation. In essence, I'm trying to figure out if there's a way to attach local instance storage to a Windows EC2 instance using the typical command line interface (because the Amazon Website GUI doesn't support it) and then to somehow create an AMI based upon that. I've tried creating a snapshot and then creating a Windows AMI based upon the snapshot, but of course the docs say this is unsupported and makes an unbootable AMI. In short, here's what I'm trying to do: Be able to run a Windows instance (EBS/S3 instance doesn't matter) Attach local instance storage as drive D: Persist that configuration as an AMI such that I can start lots of them as necessary from either the GUI, command line, or REST API. Be able to take a launched instance, update software, shutdown, and create another AMI based upon that. Wash, rinse, repeat. One other potential option which isn't horrible, but isn't ideal is to create an AMI which has 2 EBS volumes already attached (system+apps and data). Essentially, every time I startup an instance based upon the AMI it'll create 2 new EBS volumes of pre-determined size. I'm trying to avoid that scenario if possible.

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• What is optimal hardware configuration for heavy load LAMP application

  - by Piotr K.

  I need to run Linux-Apache-PHP-MySQL application (Moodle e-learning platform) for a large number of concurrent users - I am aiming 5000 users. By concurrent I mean that 5000 people should be able to work with the application at the same time. "Work" means not only do database reads but writes as well. The application is not very typical, since it is doing a lot of inserts/updates on the database, so caching techniques are not helping to much. We are using InnoDB storage engine. In addition application is not written with performance in mind. For instance one Apache thread usually occupies about 30-50 MB of RAM. I would be greatful for information what hardware is needed to build scalable configuration that is able to handle this kind of load. We are using right now two HP DLG 380 with two 4 core processors which are able to handle much lower load (typically 300-500 concurrent users). Is it reasonable to invest in this kind of boxes and build cluster using them or is it better to go with some more high-end hardware? I am particularly curious how many and how powerful servers are needed (number of processors/cores, size of RAM) what network equipment should be used (what kind of switches, network cards) any other hardware, like particular disc storage solutions, etc, that are needed Another thing is how to put together everything, that is what is the most optimal architecture. Clustering with MySQL is rather hard (people are complaining about MySQL Cluster, even here on Stackoverflow).

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• Installing VirtualBox on BackTrack 5

  - by m0skit0

  I'm getting this error when running VirtualBox's installation script: $ sudo ~/Downloads/VirtualBox-4.1.14-77440-Linux_x86.run Verifying archive integrity... All good. Uncompressing VirtualBox for Linux installation........... VirtualBox Version 4.1.14 r77440 (2012-04-12T16:20:44Z) installer Removing previous installation of VirtualBox 4.1.14 r77440 from /opt/VirtualBox Installing VirtualBox to /opt/VirtualBox tar: Record size = 8 blocks Python found: python, installing bindings... Building the VirtualBox kernel modules Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.2.6 (i686) Consult the make.log in the build directory /var/lib/dkms/vboxhost/4.1.14/build/ for more information. ERROR: binary package for vboxhost: 4.1.14 not found Here's the log: $ cat /var/lib/dkms/vboxhost/4.1.14/build/make.log DKMS make.log for vboxhost-4.1.14 for kernel 3.2.6 (i686) Sun May 13 14:32:52 CEST 2012 make: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6' /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile:39: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu: No such file or directory make: *** No rule to make target `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu'. Stop. make: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6' /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/ directory: $ ls /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/ Kconfig Makefile ia32 lguest mm pci tools video Kconfig.cpu boot kernel lib net platform um xen Kconfig.debug crypto kvm math-emu oprofile power vdso Makefile references on "cpu" $ cat /usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.6/arch/x86/Makefile | grep cpu include $(srctree)/arch/x86/Makefile_32.cpu # FIXME - should be integrated in Makefile.cpu (Makefile_32.cpu) Before upgrading to 3.X I didn't have this problem, the script would install VB correctly. Any ideas on what might be causing this? Thanks in advance!

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• Installing Mysql Ruby gem on 64-bit CentOS

  - by Jacek

  Hi, I have a problem installing mysql ruby gem on 64bit CentOS machine. [jacekb@vitaidealn ~]$ uname -a Linux vitaidealn.local 2.6.18-92.el5 #1 SMP Tue Jun 10 18:51:06 EDT 2008 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Mysql and mysql-devel packages are installed. Mysql_config provides following paths: Usage: /usr/lib64/mysql/mysql_config [OPTIONS] Options: --cflags [-I/usr/include/mysql -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv] --include [-I/usr/include/mysql] --libs [-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -L/usr/lib64 -lssl -lcrypto] --libs_r [-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient_r -lz -lpthread -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -lpthread -L/usr/lib64 -lssl -lcrypto] --socket [/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock] --port [3306] --version [5.0.45] --libmysqld-libs [-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqld -lz -lpthread -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -lpthread -lrt -L/usr/lib64 -lssl -lcrypto] Trying to install: [jacekb@vitaidealn ~]$ gem install mysql -- --with-mysql-include=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64/mysql ... ERROR: Error installing mysql: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-mysql-include=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64/mysql checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no checking for main() in -lm... no checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no checking for main() in -lz... no checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no checking for main() in -lsocket... no checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no checking for main() in -lnsl... no checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. I would appreciate any help. Thanks for reading :).

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• How to avoid Windows Genuine Advantage for an XP update?

  - by hlovdal

  I am about to apply updates to a windows xp installation I have not booted in a couple of years. When going to update.microsoft.com, it forced me first to accept an activex installation and now it wants me to install wga: Windows Update To use this latest version of Windows Update, you will need to upgrade some of its components. This version provides you with the following enhancements to our service: <... useless list of "advantages" ... Details Windows Genuine Advantage Validation Tool (KB892130) 1.1 MB , less than 1 minute The Windows Genuine Advantage Validation Tool enables you to verify that your copy of Microsoft Windows is genuine. The tool validates your Windows installation by checking Windows Product Identification and Product Activation status. Update for Windows XP (KB898461) 477 KB , less than 1 minute This update installs a permanent copy of Package Installer for Windows to enable software updates to have a significantly smaller download size. The Package Installer facilitates the install of software updates for Microsoft Windows operating systems and other Microsoft products. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system. Total: 1.5 MB , less than 1 minute I have heard nothing but bad things about wga, and I absolutely do not want it installed on my system (this answer seems to give some options). Searching for "windows xp" at microsoft's web pages brought up this page which says Windows XP Service Pack 3 Network Installation Package for IT Professionals and Developers Brief Description This installation package is intended for IT professionals and developers downloading and installing on multiple computers on a network. If you're updating just one computer, please visit Windows Update at http://update.microsoft.com . ... File Name: WindowsXP-KB936929-SP3-x86-ENU.exe I am currently downloading this file. Will installing this bring my installation up to date with security updates? What about later updates whenever a new problem is discovered, how can i update without using wga?

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• high virtual memory usage in openvz?

  - by freedrull

  We're having a lot of memory problems on a new OpenVZ box. It is supposed to have 1 gig of memory, I'm not sure how much of that is burstable or guaranteed memory. Programs in general seem to take up more virtual memory than they do on my box at home, and on our other OpenVZ box. I wrote this simple C program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(){ char *thingy = malloc(500); getchar(): return 0; } So it simply allocates 500 bytes and then returns. I ran the program on 3 computers. On my home machine, and our other OpenVZ box it shows about 1k bytes of virtual memory being used. On the new problematic machine its about 3k. I know this is just virtual memory and not resident memory, but why is this machine allocating so much virtual memory? Are there some settings I need to adjust to the OpenVZ memory settings? I tried changing the stack size with ulimit -s 256 and restarting some demons, but I still saw the same results. I'm doing all of my monitoring with htop, is this even a good program to use with a OpenVZ vps? I've read I should be parsing the output of /proc/user_beancounters intead or something.

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• cups log kills ubuntu 12.04 and sudoer permissions changed

  - by peterretief

  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 as a desktop and recently had a weird crash with the log file for cups filling up the entire drive and not letting me back in, also what changed was /var/lib/sudo had changed from root to peter (me) I didn't make this change - I checked the history! I set the sudoers back to root and capped the max size for cups log Anyone had a similar experience? It feels like someone is messing around with my settings Is there any way to trace how the error occurred? Logs auth.log Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Jan 1 02:06:53 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Jan 1 02:06:53 peter-desktop lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 syslog Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="903" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: rsyslogd's groupid changed to 103 Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd: rsyslogd's userid changed to 101 Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop rsyslogd-2039: Could not open output pipe '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ] Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop bluetoothd[898]: Failed to init gatt_example plugin Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.2.0-25-generic-pae (buildd@palmer) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 23 22:11:24 UTC 2012 (Ubuntu 3.2.0-25.40-generic-pae 3.2.18) Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD Jan 1 02:04:13 peter-desktop kernel: [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC

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• postgresql No space left on device

  - by pstanton

  Postgres is reporting that it is out of disk space while performing a rather large aggregation query: Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: could not write block 31840050 of temporary file: No space left on device at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1592) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1327) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:192) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.execute(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:451) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeWithFlags(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:350) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeUpdate(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:304) at org.hibernate.engine.query.NativeSQLQueryPlan.performExecuteUpdate(NativeSQLQueryPlan.java:189) ... 8 more However the disk has quite a lot of space: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 386G 123G 243G 34% / udev 5.9G 172K 5.9G 1% /dev none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm none 5.9G 628K 5.9G 1% /var/run none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /var/lock none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /lib/init/rw The query is doing the following: INSERT INTO summary_table SELECT t.a, t.b, SUM(t.c) AS c, COUNT(t.*) AS count, t.d, t.e, DATE_TRUNC('month', t.start) AS month, tt.type AS type, FALSE, tt.duration FROM detail_table_1 t, detail_table_2 tt WHERE t.trid=tt.id AND tt.type='a' AND DATE_PART('hour', t.start AT TIME ZONE 'Australia/Sydney' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York')>=23 OR DATE_PART('hour', t.start AT TIME ZONE 'Australia/Sydney' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York')<13 GROUP BY month, type, t.a, t.b, t.d, t.e, FALSE, tt.duration any tips?

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• Windows Server 2008 network speed slow, Xen 3.4.3 HVM ISO

  - by Elliot.Bradshaw

  I've setup a VM running Windows Server 2008 on a host node running Xen 3.4.3-5 and the following kernel: 2.6.18-308.1.1.el5xen #1 SMP Wed Mar 7 05:38:01 EST 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux The network speed on the VM is very slow--using the online speed tests I can only get it up to 8-9mbps. The line is 100mbps burstable and the host node has no problem achieving those speeds. If it setup a VM running CentOS, it too has no problems achieving those speeds. I've done some pretty exhaustive troubleshooting, but nothing has helped: New VM installations of Win2k8 do have the same network problem. Upgrading to most recent kernel-xen did not help (2.6.18-308.1.1.el5xen). Upgrading from xen 3.4.0 to xen 3.4.3-5 did not help. Disabling Windows firewall, etc did not help. Changing network card device config from auto negotiation to manually be 100mbps full duplex did not help. Changing the network receive buffer packet size did not help (tried all combos from 64k to 8k). At this point I'm pretty much out of ideas--any help would be appreciated!

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• ssh keys rejected each day

  - by EddyR

  I've had OpenSSH server running on my debian server for a couple weeks and all of a sudden now when I go to login the next day it rejects my ssh key and I have to manually add a new one each time. Not only that but I have the "tunneling with clear-text passwords" option enabled and the non-root (login with root is disabled) account for that is rejected too. I'm at a loss why this is happening and I can't find any ssh options that would explain it. --update-- I just changed debug level to DEBUG. But before that I'm seeing a lot of the following in auth.log Feb 1 04:23:01 greenpages CRON[7213]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) Feb 1 04:23:01 greenpages CRON[7213]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root ... Feb 1 04:36:26 greenpages sshd[7217]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for nat-pool-xx-xx-xx-xx.myinternet.net [xx.xx.xx.xx] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! ... Feb 1 04:37:31 greenpages sshd[7223]: Did not receive identification string from xx.xx.xx.xx ... My sshd_conf file settings are: # Package generated configuration file # See the sshd(8) manpage for details # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port xxx # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel DEBUG # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 120 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication yes # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding no X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM no ClientAliveInterval 60 AllowUsers myuser

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• nameserver spoiling avahi multicast name resolution of .local domain

  - by Doug Coburn

  After trying to ping a machine on my local network, I noticed that I was trying hit address 66.152.109.24. This is an external public address. Resolution should have occurred via avahi mDNS. I ran dig to see how the name resolution worked and my quest/centurylink name server was retuning results for my .local domain queries! I tried a random name and got the same ip address result. $ dig jakdafj.local ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1-RedHat-9.8.1-3.P1.fc15 <<>> jakdafj.local ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58410 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;jakdafj.local. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: jakdafj.local. 10 IN A 66.152.109.24 jakdafj.local. 10 IN A 204.232.231.46 ;; Query time: 104 msec ;; SERVER: 205.171.3.25#53(205.171.3.25) ;; WHEN: Sat Mar 24 20:40:17 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 63 Am I missing something or is my DNS name server at 205.171.3.25 corrupted?

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• Setup of high-end web server and DB server cluster on Amazon EC2: Is this how it's done?

  - by user1086584

  Amazon is so technical, I want to confirm that my understanding is correct. We have a large 500 GB database. (OrientDB.) We will have it mirrored to one another in the same Availability Zone. We believe the database size will grow rapidly. The plan is: Get 4 large instances that are compatible types with Placement Groups (as well as ideally, Enhanced Networking) (2 for web, 2 for DB.) We use an EBS-backed instances to store our operating system. Discussion here: http://alestic.com/2012/01/ec2-ebs-boot-recommended We can set up ephemeral SSD instance storage as swap space. (But it is lost after even a reboot. I hear its hard to add ephemeral storage if booting from EBS, but possible.) For offsite backup, we will take periodic snapshots and store them on S3. Obviously we need to ensure the database is in a safe state when that snapshot happens to avoid corruption. (Any hints here, aside from shutting down the DB?) If the database gets too big, we need to create a EBS volume that's larger. We can use RAID to break the 1 TB limit: http://alestic.com/2009/06/ec2-ebs-raid Static assets on web servers will be stored on S3. Is that correct? Or am I missing something?

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• How to recover deleted NTFS partitions?

  - by Frank

  Last night I made a terrible mistake. I was reinstalling Windows and I accidentally deleted all the partitions on all my drives. I realized my mistake before I had created any partitions, so nothing has been written to any of the disks. I'm currently at my wits' end about what I'll do if I don't manage to recover the data. I have two 1TB drives and a 2TB. One of the 1TB was the drive I was supposed to be reformatting so nothing to be recovered there. I am currently in a Linux livecd. In this article http://support.microsoft.com/kb/245725 Microsoft advises to recreate the exact same partition but choose not to format it, and then recover the backup boot sector from the end of the ntfs volume. But none of the drives I want to recover are bootable drives. So does that mean I do not need to rewrite the boot sector? As in if I simply recreate a partition of the same size it will see all my data? Or would I be better off using the TestDisk utility? http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk Please help, I'm desperate!!

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• Laptop recommendation - Portable Gaming

  - by ivan

  So, I'm looking for a new laptop (http://superuser.com/questions/116869/toshiba-satellite-u500-totally-damaged-lcd). My requirements for a new Laptop are: -good keyboard(illuminated) and touchpad (multi-media keys included, should be better than toshiba u500) -good graphics card, with system rating of 6.3 and up for gaming graphics (my Toshiba U500 has 6.3). I used to run some heavy games on my Toshiba U500 with ATI Mobility Radeon 4570 with 512 mb VRAM but the framerates are not that nice on high settings. -Decent CPU but I think all new Core i3, i5, i7 can run most of recent resource intensive games (My Toshiba U500 has a Core 2 Duo T6500, 2.13 Ghz) I'm also looking for a long-term reliability, good sound quality, lots of fast RAM of-course(4GB DDR3 - 1066Mhz and up) and a clear looking LED screen with a decent resolution. (I can accomodate a laptop with screen size of 13-inch upto 15.6 inch, and I don't want it to be heavy because I might be taking it outdoors) I'm actually impressed when I saw HP Pavilion DV6t but the screen resolution seems to be a little too small for 15.6 inch. The Pavilion DV3 are also good but I want to know if there other options. Looking for some opinions.. Thanks. :D

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• Cisco ASA: How to route PPPoE-assigned subnet?

  - by Martijn Heemels

  We've just received a fiber uplink, and I'm trying to configure our Cisco ASA 5505 to properly use it. The provider requires us to connect via PPPoE, and I managed to configure the ASA as a PPPoE client and establish a connection. The ASA is assigned an IP address by PPPoE, and I can ping out from the ASA to the internet, but I should have access to an entire /28 subnet. I can't figure out how to get that subnet configured on the ASA, so that I can route or NAT the available public addresses to various internal hosts. My assigned range is: 188.xx.xx.176/28 The address I get via PPPoE is 188.xx.xx.177/32, which according to our provider is our Default Gateway address. They claim the subnet is correctly routed to us on their side. How does the ASA know which range it is responsible for on the Fiber interface? How do I use the addresses from my range? To clarify my config; The ASA is currently configured to default-route to our ADSL uplink on port Ethernet0/0 (interface vlan2, nicknamed Outside). The fiber is connected to port Ethernet0/2 (interface vlan50, nicknamed Fiber) so I can configure and test it before making it the default route. Once I'm clear on how to set it all up, I'll fully replace the Outside interface with Fiber. My config (rather long): : Saved : ASA Version 8.3(2)4 ! hostname gw domain-name example.com enable password ****** encrypted passwd ****** encrypted names name 10.10.1.0 Inside-dhcp-network description Desktops and clients that receive their IP via DHCP name 10.10.0.208 svn.example.com description Subversion server name 10.10.0.205 marvin.example.com description LAMP development server name 10.10.0.206 dns.example.com description DNS, DHCP, NTP ! interface Vlan2 description Old ADSL WAN connection nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan10 description LAN vlan 10 Regular LAN traffic nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 10.10.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan11 description LAN vlan 11 Lab/test traffic nameif lab security-level 90 ip address 10.11.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan20 description LAN vlan 20 ISCSI traffic nameif iscsi security-level 100 ip address 10.20.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan30 description LAN vlan 30 DMZ traffic nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 10.30.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan40 description LAN vlan 40 Guests access to the internet nameif guests security-level 50 ip address 10.40.0.254 255.255.0.0 ! interface Vlan50 description New WAN Corporate Internet over fiber nameif fiber security-level 0 pppoe client vpdn group KPN ip address pppoe ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 speed 100 duplex full ! interface Ethernet0/1 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,11,30,40 switchport trunk native vlan 10 switchport mode trunk ! interface Ethernet0/2 switchport access vlan 50 speed 100 duplex full ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 switchport access vlan 20 ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! boot system disk0:/asa832-4-k8.bin ftp mode passive clock timezone CEST 1 clock summer-time CEDT recurring last Sun Mar 2:00 last Sun Oct 3:00 dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server dns.example.com domain-name example.com same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object network inside-net subnet 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network svn.example.com host 10.10.0.208 object network marvin.example.com host 10.10.0.205 object network lab-net subnet 10.11.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network dmz-net subnet 10.30.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network guests-net subnet 10.40.0.0 255.255.0.0 object network dhcp-subnet subnet 10.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 description DHCP assigned addresses on Vlan 10 object network Inside-vpnpool description Pool of assignable addresses for VPN clients object network vpn-subnet subnet 10.10.3.0 255.255.255.0 description Address pool assignable to VPN clients object network dns.example.com host 10.10.0.206 description DNS, DHCP, NTP object-group service iscsi tcp description iscsi storage traffic port-object eq 3260 access-list outside_access_in remark Allow access from outside to HTTP on svn. access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any object svn.example.com eq www access-list Insiders!_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 access-list iscsi_access_in remark Prevent disruption of iscsi traffic from outside the iscsi vlan. access-list iscsi_access_in extended deny tcp any interface iscsi object-group iscsi log warnings ! snmp-map DenyV1 deny version 1 ! pager lines 24 logging enable logging timestamp logging asdm-buffer-size 512 logging monitor warnings logging buffered warnings logging history critical logging asdm errors logging flash-bufferwrap logging flash-minimum-free 4000 logging flash-maximum-allocation 2000 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 mtu lab 1500 mtu iscsi 9000 mtu dmz 1500 mtu guests 1500 mtu fiber 1492 ip local pool DHCP_VPN 10.10.3.1-10.10.3.20 mask 255.255.0.0 ip verify reverse-path interface outside no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 10 burst-size 5 asdm image disk0:/asdm-635.bin asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-subnet vpn-subnet ! object network inside-net nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface object network svn.example.com nat (inside,outside) static interface service tcp www www object network lab-net nat (lab,outside) dynamic interface object network dmz-net nat (dmz,outside) dynamic interface object network guests-net nat (guests,outside) dynamic interface access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group iscsi_access_in in interface iscsi route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa-server SBS2003 protocol radius aaa-server SBS2003 (inside) host 10.10.0.204 timeout 5 key ***** aaa authentication enable console SBS2003 LOCAL aaa authentication ssh console SBS2003 LOCAL aaa authentication telnet console SBS2003 LOCAL http server enable http 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside snmp-server host inside 10.10.0.207 community ***** version 2c snmp-server location Server room snmp-server contact [email protected] snmp-server community ***** snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart snmp-server enable traps syslog crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs group5 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set TRANS_ESP_AES-256_SHA crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside telnet timeout 5 ssh scopy enable ssh 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 inside ssh timeout 5 ssh version 2 console timeout 30 management-access inside vpdn group KPN request dialout pppoe vpdn group KPN localname INSIDERS vpdn group KPN ppp authentication pap vpdn username INSIDERS password ***** store-local dhcpd address 10.40.1.0-10.40.1.100 guests dhcpd dns 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 interface guests dhcpd update dns interface guests dhcpd enable guests ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection scanning-threat threat-detection statistics host number-of-rate 2 threat-detection statistics port number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics protocol number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics access-list threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept rate-interval 30 burst-rate 400 average-rate 200 ntp server dns.example.com source inside prefer webvpn group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec group-policy Insiders! internal group-policy Insiders! attributes wins-server value 10.10.0.205 dns-server value 10.10.0.206 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value Insiders!_splitTunnelAcl default-domain value example.com username martijn password ****** encrypted privilege 15 username marcel password ****** encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group Insiders! type remote-access tunnel-group Insiders! general-attributes address-pool DHCP_VPN authentication-server-group SBS2003 LOCAL default-group-policy Insiders! tunnel-group Insiders! ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** ! class-map global-class match default-inspection-traffic class-map type inspect http match-all asdm_medium_security_methods match not request method head match not request method post match not request method get ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map type inspect http http_inspection_policy parameters protocol-violation action drop-connection policy-map global-policy class global-class inspect dns inspect esmtp inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect http inspect icmp inspect icmp error inspect mgcp inspect netbios inspect pptp inspect rtsp inspect snmp DenyV1 ! service-policy global-policy global smtp-server 123.123.123.123 prompt hostname context call-home profile CiscoTAC-1 no active destination address http https://tools.cisco.com/its/service/oddce/services/DDCEService destination address email [email protected] destination transport-method http subscribe-to-alert-group diagnostic subscribe-to-alert-group environment subscribe-to-alert-group inventory periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group configuration periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group telemetry periodic daily hpm topN enable Cryptochecksum:a76bbcf8b19019771c6d3eeecb95c1ca : end asdm image disk0:/asdm-635.bin asdm location svn.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm location marvin.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm location dns.example.com 255.255.255.255 inside asdm history enable

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• Does Windows 8 RTM Support VB6 (SP6) Runtime files? If so, which ones?

  - by user51047

  Basically, I'm trying to find out which of the following files come packaged with the Windows 8 RTM (that is, the final version). Just to be clear, we're not wanting to know if any of the runtime files (listed below) are or were included with any of the previous versions (Beta, CTP, RS etc) or releases of Windows 8 - we are just interested in this compatibility question as far as Windows 8 RTM (Final Version) is concerned. In addition, if possible, we would also like to know which of the below files (if any) come shipped and registered with the Windows 8 RT (on ARM) version. As far as the ARM version is concerned, you're welcome to base your answer on the latest version of Windows 8 RT (on ARM) that is available at the date and time your answer is posted. (This will also serve to future-proof this question as additional releases or versions of Windows 8 and Windows 8 RT on ARM come out). Here are the list of files (which are basically the VB6 SP6 runtime files): File name Version Size Asycfilt.dll 2.40.4275.1 144 KB (147,728 bytes) Comcat.dll 4.71.1460.1 21.7 KB (22,288 bytes) Msvbvm60.dll 6.0.97.82 1.32 MB (1,386,496 bytes) Oleaut32.dll 2.40.4275.1 584 KB (598,288 bytes) Olepro32.dll 5.0.4275.1 160 KB (164,112 bytes) Stdole2.tlb 2.40.4275.1 17.5 KB (17,920 bytes) Of course, the most important file in there is MSVBVM60.DLL, so if you cannot provide details for all files relating to both Windows Releases, then basing the answer on as many of the files possible would also be useful. Thank you for reading and for your anticipated assistance in putting this question/answer on record.

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• Sendmail in Nexenta core 3.0.1

  - by maximdim

  I'm trying to setup sendmail in Nexenta core 3.0.1 (Solaris based OS). All I want is to be able to send emails from that host - like notifications about failures, cron jobs output etc. Initially Nexenta core doesn't have sendmail so here is what I've done: apt-get install sunwsndmu Now there is a sendmail in /usr/sbin/sendmail. When I try to send email from command line: $mail maxim test . It doesn't give me any error but in log file I see: Dec 20 12:41:08 nas sendmail[12295]: [ID 801593 mail.info] oBKHf8u7012295: from=maxim, size=107, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<201012201741.oBKHf8u7012295@nas>, relay=maxim@localhost Dec 20 12:41:08 nas sendmail[12295]: [ID 801593 mail.info] oBKHf8u7012295: to=maxim, ctladdr=maxim (1000/10), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30107, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection refused by [127.0.0.1] So I guess I need to have SMTP service running. How do I do that in Nexenta? svcs -a | grep sendmail doesn't return anything and # svcadm enable sendmail svcadm: Pattern 'sendmail' doesn't match any instances I'm not married to sendmail so if there are easier ways to achieve y goal I'm open to suggestions as well. Thanks,

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• Switch Windows 8 from a hybrid MBR/GPT => GPT only on Macbook Pro Retina

  - by Sid

  I used DiskUtility+Bootcamp Wizard to setup my hard drive for Windows 8 (final MSDN). Somewhere in that process, the Apple tools turned my GPT disk into a hybrid MBR/GPT. All my 4 primary MBR partitions are used up, so when I try turning on Bitlocker in Windows 8, it complains about not finding a System drive. I know on Windows 8 the Bitlocker setup tries to create the 200(?)MB system partition if it's missing. However with all 4 partitions filled I suspect it can't create system drive = it can't find it = throws back an error like "BitLocker Setup could not find a target system drive. You may need to manually prepare your drive for BitLocker". I've already tried disabling hibernation, swap file etc. Now I'm thinking that if I were to get rid of the MBR scheme altogether, perhaps I can be alright within the GPT world without MBR's 4 primary partitions limit. So, how can I get rid of the MBR tables on the hybrid scheme in a manner that still leaves Mac OS and Windows 8 in working conditions? Details: Hardware is the MacbookPro Retina. Primary MBR partitions are consumed as follows: EFI partition HFS+ partition (=encrypted, therefore ="Apple_CoreStorage") HFS+ partition (Recovery partition, contains unencrypted Mac bootloader) NTFS partition (Windows8 all-in-one partition) diskutil list output sid-mbpr:~ sid$ diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *251.0 GB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_CoreStorage 160.0 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3 4: Microsoft Basic Data Win8 90.1 GB disk0s4 GPT vs MBR addresses sid-mbpr:~ sid$ sudo gptsync /dev/rdisk0 Password: Current GPT partition table: # Start LBA End LBA Type 1 40 409639 EFI System (FAT) 2 409640 312909639 Unknown 3 312909640 314179175 Mac OS X Boot 4 314179584 490233855 Basic Data Current MBR partition table: # A Start LBA End LBA Type 1 1 409639 ee EFI Protective 2 409640 312909639 ac Apple RAID 3 312909640 314179175 ab Mac OS X Boot 4 * 314179584 490233855 07 NTFS/HPFS Status: GPT partition of type 'Unknown' found, will not touch this disk.** **: Ignore this message, the gptsync tool is old and doesn't understand the UUID for "Apple_CoreStorage" / FileVault2 partitions. Since LBA addresses are alright, safe to ignore this message.

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