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• NETAPP Fragmentation

  - by mdpc

  We all know that once a disk (or storage system for that matter) gets introduced into use, the performance degrades due to fragmentation of files. This seems to be why disk defragmentors are in fairly wide use on Windows boxes. And they do increase the performance substancially. As an aside, I haven't heard of many defragmentors in the Unix/Linux area. Despite the claimed WAFL protections for the NetApp, file fragmentation still will occur, especially with all the sparsely crated VMs. My question is does anybody do any sort of defragmention of such a storage system? Do you notice any measurable degration/improvement of either not doing/doing anything to address this situation? Does anybody do anything about it? If so what? Thanks

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• Optimal setup for ASUS P6X58D Premium BIOS (no OC)?

  - by rumtscho

  Normally, I'd trust the mainboard manufacturer to choose the best options as defaults. But I had trouble with the board, because even with Quick Boot enabled, it booted twice as slowly as a Pentium 4 Celeron. Then I changed lots of options at once (most of them weren't explained in the manual, just mentioned with a single sentence) and the boot time is only marginally worse than the Pentium 4 (54 sec against 46 sec from button to pw entering screen). Now I don't know if I have turned something off which should have stayed on. I guess I even won't be able to boot from a CD now, because even though it is present in the boot sequence, I took off a timeout I think it needs to check whether there is a disk in the drive. The second reason is that I don't have an internal HDD, only a SSD. I forgot my sources blush but I am under the impression that today's BIOS and OS options are geared toward booting from a HDD, which is often less than optimal when one boots from a SSD, especially when there are functions which cause avoidable writing cycles, as a SSD wears out after too many writing cycles. Most of the things I've read concern the OS, but there are some BIOS-relevant options too. I am especially confused about the disk mode. The board supports AHCI, IDE-simulation and RAID, but of the different articles I've read, there is a proponent for each and no clear arguments for any. So can one tell me which options are important in general and which are important for a SSD-only system? I don't want to overclock the CPU, so you don't have to say anything about this (yes I know the board is meant for OC:)). I am thinking of overclocking the RAM, since they sold me 1600er heatsinked modules which are running at 1066 now, but I'm not sure yet about that. The rest of the system: i7-930, Intel X25-m G2, 6 GB RAM, GTS 250, some no-name Blue-ray ROM. 2 external HDDs over USB 2.0. Lots of other USB-connected hardware (12 devices I think), no SATA 3 drives (will disabling the controller have an impact on performance?), no LAN, only WiFi. Lucid Lynx 64 bit, no dual boot, no virtual installations. The main uses of the system are: managing and playing/showing all the media stored on the external disks, lots of image manipulation, some video editing, a bit of (non-demanding) gaming, rarely development. Lots of Internet surfing too, but this shouldn't have much impact on performance.

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• IIS7 Custom ASP.NET Errors

  - by Nathan

  I'm trying to setup a custom error page for the IIS 7 404.13 (Content length too large) error. Here's the relevant sections of my web.config file: <system.webServer> <httpErrors errorMode="Custom" existingResponse="Replace"> <remove statusCode="404" subStatusCode="13" /> <error statusCode="404" subStatusCode="13" prefixLanguageFilePath="" path="/FileUpload/Test.aspx" responseMode="ExecuteURL" /> </httpErrors> <security> <requestFiltering> <requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="10240" /> </requestFiltering> </security> </system.webServer> The response that is being sent back to the server is blank. The Test.aspx file is not blank. Any idea what's going on here?

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• ITIL Incident Classification - Fault vs SR vs Technical Incident

  - by ExceptionLimeCat

  I am new to ITIL and Incident classifcations and I am trying learn more about them and understand how they could integrate in our organization. I have found it difficult to find a clear definition of Fault vs. Service Request vs. Technical incidents. I am basing my definitions on this article: http://www.itsmsolutions.com/newsletters/DITYvol6iss27.htm As I understand it: Service Request - Service provided by IT as part of regular administration of a system. Fault - An unexpected error in a system. Technical Incident - An interruption or potential interruption in IT service due to an expected incident caused by some IT policy.

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• Flash not Working in Google Chrome for Mac

  - by Blakeasd

  Flash has randomly stopped working in Google Chrome for Mac. All that appears is a white flash then nothing. I can hear sound, and when I right click on where Flash is supposed to be I see the Flash Player options. I have completely reinstalled Chrome, including deleting all of its support files. I reinstalled my system flash and tried making Chrome use my system flash, but nothing works. Flash is fine in Safari, but not in Chrome. How do I fix this? I am running the latest Google Chrome Dev build (21.0.1171.0) and Mac OS X 10.7.4 . Thanks!

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• Making Sure Which Partition to Choose with Linux Dual Boot?

  - by user128360

  In the Linux Mint 12 LXDE the partitions are listed as nsd 1, 2, 3, 4, though I have a Windows 8 CP installation on one of the two partitions on the single hard drive. The space usage is differing in both system calculations, though still relateable. Where the partition is at around 20 GB usage in Windows 8 it will be at around 24 GB in the Linux installation menu. I am just wondering is there a certain way to choose the right partition? Also in the drop down menu regarding the boot loader, there are multiple options, which one would be the one to be chosen in this case? What about the system-reserve partition of Windows 7 (the one I am trying to overwrite)? What is happening with that?

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• Virtual PC and hardware-assisted virtualization (VT-x) problem

  - by Vesa Huovi

  I've installed Microsoft's Virtual PC on Windows 7, but when I try to start a virtual machine I get the following error message: '<Virtual machine name' could not be started because hardware-assisted virtualization is disabled. Please enable hardware virtualization in the BIOS settings and try again. If hardware virtualization settings is already enabled, you may have to disable Trusted Execution Technology (TXT) setting in BIOS or update the system BIOS. However, if I download and run the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool, it gives the following positive message: This computer is configured with hardware-assisted virtualization. This computer meets the processor requirements to run Windows Virtual PC. If this computer runs a supported edition of Windows® 7, you can install Windows Virtual PC. I've also used the MSR Walker in the third-party utility CrystalCPUID to examine MSR 0x3a on both processors on my system, and it's 0x5 (0x4 = VT enabled, 0x1 = VT lock), as expected. Does anyone have any ideas of what else to check? Thanks.

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• Concurrent backups in SQL Server?

  - by Mikey Cee

  We currently have our backups managed by a third party company. There are a bunch of agent jobs created that take full backups (4 times a day) and transaction log backups (4 times an hour). We now want to manage our backups in house, but don't want to disable the third party's jobs until we are sure that we have everything configured correctly internally So I am proposing to have a short period (say, a couple of days) where backups are being taken both by the old and the new system. I am wondering what the ramifications of having these two different systems both manage backups, and the potential pitfalls of having backups taken simultaneously. Is this even supported? If so, and bearing in mind that the system can cope with one backup without any noticeable performance degradation, is it fairly logical to assume that it should be able to cope with two simultaneous backups? Currently the load on the server is fairly light and it rarely struggles. Any advice is appreciated

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• Degraded RAID5 and no md superblock on one of remaining drive

  - by ark1214

  This is actually on a QNAP TS-509 NAS. The RAID is basically a Linux RAID. The NAS was configured with RAID 5 with 5 drives (/md0 with /dev/sd[abcde]3). At some point, /dev/sde failed and drive was replaced. While rebuilding (and not completed), the NAS rebooted itself and /dev/sdc dropped out of the array. Now the array can't start because essentially 2 drives have dropped out. I disconnected /dev/sde and hoped that /md0 can resume in degraded mode, but no luck.. Further investigation shows that /dev/sdc3 has no md superblock. The data should be good since the array was unable to assemble after /dev/sdc dropped off. All the searches I done showed how to reassemble the array assuming 1 bad drive. But I think I just need to restore the superblock on /dev/sdc3 and that should bring the array up to a degraded mode which will allow me to backup data and then proceed with rebuilding with adding /dev/sde. Any help would be greatly appreciated. mdstat does not show /dev/md0 # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md5 : active raid1 sdd2[2](S) sdc2[3](S) sdb2[1] sda2[0] 530048 blocks [2/2] [UU] md13 : active raid1 sdd4[3] sdc4[2] sdb4[1] sda4[0] 458880 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 40/57 pages [160KB], 4KB chunk md9 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 530048 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 33/65 pages [132KB], 4KB chunk mdadm show /dev/md0 is still there # mdadm --examine --scan ARRAY /dev/md9 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=271bf0f7:faf1f2c2:967631a4:3c0fa888 ARRAY /dev/md5 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=0d75de26:0759d153:5524b8ea:86a3ee0d spares=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=5 UUID=ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 ARRAY /dev/md13 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=7384c159:ea48a152:a1cdc8f2:c8d79a9c With /dev/sde removed, here is the mdadm examine output showing sdc3 has no md superblock # mdadm --examine /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff0e - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff20 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc3. [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdd3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff44 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed fdisk output shows /dev/sdc3 partition is still there. [~] # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdx: 128 MB, 128057344 bytes 8 heads, 32 sectors/track, 977 cylinders Units = cylinders of 256 * 512 = 131072 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdx1 1 8 1008 83 Linux /dev/sdx2 9 440 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx3 441 872 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx4 873 977 13440 5 Extended /dev/sdx5 873 913 5232 83 Linux /dev/sdx6 914 977 8176 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sda4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda4: 469 MB, 469893120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 114720 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/sda4 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdc3 133 182338 1463569693 83 Linux /dev/sdc4 182339 182400 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdd2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdd3 133 243138 1951945693 83 Linux /dev/sdd4 243139 243200 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/md9: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md9 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md5: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md5 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• Is it possible to install Windows 8 on the SanDisk ReadyCache 32GB SSD drive?

  - by halil ibrahim

  I bought the SanDisk ReadyCache 32GB SSD drive this week. I didn't know about the caching stuff and thought that I would be able to install Windows 8 on it. Now I'm using it as a cache drive with the ExpressCache software. But I wonder if it is possible to use this SSD as a primary system drive with an operating system installed on it. I've tried to format the disk via Windows Disc Manager Tool, but the format option is disabled. Only delete and information options are allowed. Can you help me with this?

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• Postfix tutorial inconsistency

  - by Desmond Hume

  I'm following this tutorial to setup a Postfix/Dovecot mail server with Postfix Admin as a web front end. As regards directory structure for virtual mail users, the author of the tutorial writes: Virtual mail users are those that do not exist as Unix system users. They thus don't use the standard Unix methods of authentication or mail delivery and don't have home directories. That is how we are managing things here: mail users are defined in the database created by Postfix Admin rather than existing as system users. Mail will be kept in subfolders per domain and account under /var/vmail - e.g. [email protected] will have a mail directory of /var/vmail/example.com/me. But when he gives instructions about configuring Postfix Admin, he suggests this to be contained by Postfix Admin's config.inc.php: // Mailboxes // If you want to store the mailboxes per domain set this to 'YES'. // Examples: // YES: /usr/local/virtual/domain.tld/[email protected] // NO: /usr/local/virtual/[email protected] $CONF['domain_path'] = 'NO'; Is there an inconsistency?

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• Can a faulty DNS record prevent networking?

  - by Bob

  My server's network interfaces are not available anymore since yesterday evening. I didn't change anything, but I added a new DNS-record shortly before. Unfortunately, the web interface I used to add this DNS record escaped some characters, so I've got a faulty DNS record: example.com 86400 IN TXT "\"v=spf1 mx a -all\"" However, this is the only unusual thing I could notice about this. Is it possible that the \-characters in my DNS record are confusing for some routers? Or could it be the system itself which is confused by this (it's a Debian Lenny system). Unfortunately, I can't quick-test it because of the long TTL of the record.

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• What does the "Maximum Frequency" number mean in the Windows Resource Monitor?

  - by nhinkle

  In the Windows Resource Monitor's CPU tab, there is a status box and graph for the "Maximum Frequency", right next to the "CPU Usage" values. What does this mean? The value is sometimes over 100% on my system... what could that imply? By looking at CPU-z's real-time report of the processor's clock speed, it seems to be loosely related to what frequency the CPU is running at, which would imply that it means "percent of maximum possible frequency the CPU is running at"; this would be of relevance on systems with SpeedStep and/or TurboBoost technology (or similar). Furthermore, setting the system to "power saving mode" lowers the "maximum frequency" value to around 60%, while setting it to "high performance" mode sets it to around 110%. However, the percentage does not seem to exactly correlate to the CPU speed being shown. What value is this actually representing then?

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• How do i find out what's preventing delete requests from working in iis7.5 and iis8?

  - by Simon

  Our site has an MVC Rest API. Recently, both the live servers and my development machine stopped accepting DELETE requests, instead returning a 501 Not Implemented response. On my development machine, which is Windows 7 running IIS7.5, the solution was to add these lines to our Web.config, under system.webServer / handlers: <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" /> ... <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> However, this didn't work on any of our live servers; not on Sever 2008 + IIS7.5 and not on Server 2012 + IIS8. There are no verbs set up in Request Filtering, and WebDAV is not installed on any of our live servers. The error page gives no further information, and nothing gets recorded in the logs. How do I find out what's preventing DELETE requests from working in iis7.5 and iis8?

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• /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs using up disk space

  - by Keyo

  Running Ubuntu 10.04 and nearly all my drive space is gone. # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 7.3G 6.6G 327M 96% / none 245M 240K 244M 1% /dev none 249M 0 249M 0% /dev/shm none 249M 340K 249M 1% /var/run none 249M 0 249M 0% /var/lock none 249M 0 249M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda1 228M 34M 183M 16% /boot Of course it's not mounted. I read that chmod 0 /sbin/debugfs could fix the problem, but now it just won't mount despite changing the permission to 777. This is a VM running on VirtualBox. I have done a file system check which ran fine. What is this directory and how can I remove it from the system?

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• Feedback on Using ZFS and FreeBSD

  - by ToiletOverflow

  I need to create a server that will be used solely for backing up files. The server will have 2TB of storage to begin with but I may want to add additional storage later on. As such, I am currently considering using FreeBSD + ZFS as the OS and file system. Is ZFS a reliable, trusted file system? Should I use it in this scenario? I have read that ZFS should be used with OpenSolaris over FreeBSD as OpenSolaris is usually ahead of the curve with ZFS as far as version updates and stability. However, I am not interested in using OpenSolaris for this project. An alternative option that I am considering is to stick with ext3 and create multiple volumes if need be, because I know that I will not need a single, continuous volume larger than 2TB. Thanks in advance for your feedback.

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• postgres memory allocation tuning 2

  - by pstanton

  i've got a Ubuntu Linux system with 12Gb memory most of which (at least 10Gb) can be allocated solely to postgres. the system also has a 6 disk 15k SCSI RAID 10 setup. The process i'm trying to optimise is twofold. firstly a single threaded, single connection will do many inserts into 2-4 tables linked by foreign key. secondly many different complex queries are run against the resulting data, using group by extensively. this part especially needs to be optimised. i have four of these processes running at once in order to make use of the quad core CPU, therefore there will generally be no more than 5 concurrent connections (1 spare for admin tasks). what configuration changes to the default Postgres config would you recommend? I'm looking for the optimum values for things like work_mem, shared_buffers etc. relevant doco thanks!

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• Windows 7 file-based backup service

  - by Ben Voigt

  I'm looking for a good replacement for Lazy Mirror, since it doesn't support Windows 7 well. Pros: One of the things I really loved about Lazy Mirror is that it always maintains a "full" backup, but does so by only copying modified files. As each file was copied, the old version got archived (moved to an out-of-the-way location). So after mirroring ran, there'd be a complete copy of the file system, which could even be booted if necessary. At the same time, extra space on the backup media was used to store as many older versions of files as possible, without wasting space storing multiple copies of the same version. It seems that with Windows 7 backup, there'd be wasted space storing the same data in both the system image and file backup. It was completely file-based, but also aware of the registry (it had a feature to dump the live registry to hive files in the correct format). The backups were normal NTFS filesystems, no special tool was needed to read them. It automatically cleaned out the oldest previous versions when space ran out (unlike Windows 7 backup which apparently simply starts failing the the backup media fills.) It copied all file attributes including security. Cons: It doesn't deal well with junction points, symbolic links, and hard links. It didn't run as a service without lots of help from firesrv or srvany, and then you couldn't interact with the GUI. Running as a service was necessary to be able to mirror protected OS files. It didn't have open file handling, except for registry hives. I guess that the file-by-file archive and replacement could leave mismatched sets of files, if the mirror was interrupted. This would be the advantage of incremental backup techniques that require old full backup + all intermediate incremental backups to restore. But I don't see this as presenting much of a problem, you'd really only have a boot failure if you had a mixture of pre- and post-service pack files, and I can run a full image backup using another tool before applying a service pack. Does anyone know of a tool that does both full-system backup and storage of old versions of files like Lazy Mirror did (without storing the same data multiple times), and also can run as a service in Windows 7? Free is best of course, but a reasonably priced paid program (e.g. It would be absolutely awesome if it also triggered a backup/mirror pass when a particular external drive was plugged in and generated popup warnings if backups hadn't been run recently)

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• g++ in Knoppix 6 LiveCD

  - by HazyBlueDot

  To avoid the inevitable, let me put this in context. I am instructing an Intro to Unix course this semester and the students are using Knoppix 6.4.3 off the LiveCD. They are not required to install the system to their hard drive, and I would like to not require them to, however they do have use of a USB flash drive. This version of Knoppix seems to include gcc, but NOT g++. The course curriculum requires compiling C++ programs. I know I can run: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential to install (among other things) g++, but of course this only makes sense on a system installed to a hard drive. So my question is, can I write a script that calls gcc with appropriate options and flags to compile a C++ program that students could use in place of g++?

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• display problem in fedora 9

  - by Neha

  When I run system-config-display i get a fatal IO error 11 (Resource Temporarly Unavailable on display 17.0'

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• Tips for teaching Linux to beginners?

  - by chiborg

  I will teach Linux to people of the ages 20-75 with no prior Linux knowledge. I want to teach some basic concepts (what's an OS, what's a file system) and some practical knowlede: How to install it, network configuration, set up email client, installing software with a packet manager, etc. I have held a system administrators course in the past, but was under the impression that my method of teaching was not adequate. I've explained what I was about to show, showed students on the projector, told them to repeat it on their computers and summarized what they should have learned. They could ask questions all the time. But I fear they remembered only one-third of the knowledge I taught them. I have two questions here: Are there better methods to teach this particular subject in a classroom equipped with computers? Are there some tricks that "slow me down" when I teach stuff that I know inside-out?

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• Internet cafe software for linux

  - by pehrs

  I have gotten a request to roll out a total of 8 internet cafe's in a large network. Budget is non-existent as it will all be done for a non-profit. I was planing to use Ubuntu and live-cds to minimize the amount of management required, but I can't seem to find any suitable internet cafe system that is Ubuntu based. The requirements are pretty basic: It needs to keep track of logged in time and log out users when their time it up. No billing will be done, it will just be used to ensure people can share the computers fairly. It should be possible to force logout from a central system. Users will be unskilled, so it has to have a GUI. What (preferably free, considering the shoe-string budget) software would you suggest to manage this?

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• Created User in Linux (Ubuntu) Without Creating a Home Directory - Causing Problems

  - by nicorellius

  This may be a rookie mistake, but I created a user (new user) in Linux on a Ubuntu system and didn't actually create the home directory for this user. Now, when I log in, it says there are problems... If I delete the path home/<new user> and try to log in the system tells me I can use root as home directory but I will likely experience problems, and then it won't let me log in. What is the best way to create this directory with the appropriate permissions? Should I just create another user and delete this one? I need some help...

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• Win 8: Adding a boot volume to an MBR dynamic disk [NOT about changing to basic disks]

  - by Stilez

  (This is NOT aiming to convert to basic disk. In this question, the disk stays dynamic but becomes bootable) There doesn't seem to be a clear, well stated answer I can find, for the question "What are the criteria for Windows 8 to successfully boot from an MBR dynamic disk", or "how do I fix a dynamic MBR partition that's failing boot"? I've tried to educate myself but can't find crucial information to clear it all up. My existing HDD/SSD setup: DISK 0 ~ 60GB SSD/MBR/basic: (350MB recovery)(60GB windows 8 bootable) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 2 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 3, 4, 5: (ignored for simplicity: 2xHDD RAID1 + caching SSD) I'm heavy duty on data crunching and virtualisation, just maxxed out 32GB RAM @ 2133 and moved to 4960X + 64GB. Disk 0 is a pure system disk of little value, and virtualisations runs off mirrored SSDs (Samsung 840 Pro 512 x 2) for double speed reading and so they snapshot in reasonable time. I'm using 4 SATA3 ports and the board only has two decent Intel ports (onboard Marvell are poorer quality). I'm wary of choosing between LSI, HighPoint and other 3rd party controllers as I'm unfamiliar with the maze of decent RAID cards (that's a whole other issue!). I want to cut down my SSD needs by moving the boot volume and caching volume to the 840 pros, giving a setup with 2 fewer SSDs: DISK 0 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB boot)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(30GB cache for the ICH10R mirror)(30GB temp)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 2, 3: (2xHDD RAID1) Intel's RST allows this, Win 8 allows booting off a MBR/dynamic disk, and the two 60GB SSDs are hardly the fastest SSDs anyway, they'll get repurposed. Moving the caching volume is easy. Moving the boot volume has me stumped. The difficulty is, I'm hitting a wall of knowledge here. I have a UEFI Asus motherboard with an previous traditional MBR/basic boot disk, and I want it to boot from a disk and volume that's MBR/dynamic. The disk copy is physically ok (Partition Wizard Server will copy to dynamic volumes) but then hits a light blue 0xc000000e boot error. No real surprise, I expected to have some boot fixing, but had expected Windows to boot-fix it (all drivers exist), or the usual manual fixes to work. Specifically, I don't know enough, to know what's got to be manually checked and perhaps corrected for the disk to boot (legacy/uefi/bios, odd partitions, boot tables, disk IDs, hidden boot files, oh my!), or if I need to change any of this secure boot/UEFI/legacy stuff in the bios, convert a 512 SSD to basic and then back to dynamic when working, or if the issue is pure OS config using "diskpart", "bootsect" and "bootrec" from the Win8 DVD. The old system disk still boots but I don't know enough to figure what to fix, to make the system boot as I want. The answers probably aren't hard but the real issue is my confusion and missing information. Thanks for helping!

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• HP MSR 30-10a Router - Route Traffic over Default Route

  - by SteadH

  We have a brand new HP MSR 30-10a Router. We have a fairly simple routing situation - we have two IP blocks, one which has a route out. We need things on the first block to go through the router, and out. I have an old Cisco 2801 router doing the job right now. For our example - IP Block 1: 50.203.110.232/29, Router interface on this block is 50.203.110.237, route out is 50.203.110.233. IP Block 2: 50.202.219.1/27, Router interface on this block at 50.202.219.20. I have a static route created for: 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.203.110.233 The router seems to understand this. When on the CLI via serial cable, I can ping 8.8.8.8 and hear responses from Google DNS. Woo hoo! The issue arrives when any client sits on the IP Block 2 side. I configured my client with a static IP of 50.202.219.15/27, default gateway 50.202.219.20. I can ping myself. I can ping the near side of the router (50.202.219.20), and I can ping the far side of the router (50.203.110.237. I cannot ping anything else in IP block 1, nor can I ping 8.8.8.8. Here is my configuration file: <HP>display current-configuration # version 5.20.106, Release 2507, Standard # sysname HP # domain default enable system # dar p2p signature-file flash:/p2p_default.mtd # port-security enable # undo ip http enable # password-recovery enable # vlan 1 # domain system access-limit disable state active idle-cut disable self-service-url disable # user-group system group-attribute allow-guest # local-user admin password cipher $c$3$40gC1cxf/wIJNa1ufFPJsjKAof+QP5aV authorization-attribute level 3 service-type telnet # cwmp undo cwmp enable # interface Aux0 async mode flow link-protocol ppp # interface Cellular0/0 async mode protocol link-protocol ppp # interface Ethernet0/0 port link-mode route ip address 50.203.110.237 255.255.255.248 # interface Ethernet0/1 port link-mode route ip address 50.202.219.20 255.255.255.224 # interface NULL0 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.203.110.233 permanent # load xml-configuration # load tr069-configuration # user-interface tty 12 user-interface aux 0 user-interface vty 0 4 authentication-mode scheme # My guess right now is there is some sort of "permission" needed to use the default route. The manuals haven't turned up a lot in this area that don't make the situation much more complicated (but maybe it needs to be more complicated?) Background: we use HP switches, and I love the CLI. I bought HP thinking the command line interface would be similar, or at least speak the same language. Whoops! I'd be happy to provide more information or perform any additional tests. Thanks in advance! Update 1: The manual mentions routing rules. I hadn't previously added these (since our Cisco 2801 seems to route anything by default). I added: ip ip-prefix 1 permit 0.0.0.0 0 less-equal 32 alas, still no dice.

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