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• Draw "vision cone" / targetting element onto game world

  - by gkimsey

  I'm wanting to indicate various things using a "pie slice" sort of shape as below. Similar to vision cones in stealth game minimaps, or targetting indicators in RTS type games for frontal area attacks. Something generic enough to be used for both would be ideal. I need to be able to procedurally (and efficiently) change things like the slice width and length, color, transparency, position in the world, etc. For my particular situation, there's no concern with elevation, funky terrain, or really any third axis at all as far as this element is concerned. I have two first inclinations on how to accomplish this: 1) Manually generate the vertices for a main triangle, (possibly two, superimposed to get the border effect), a handful more to approximate the arc at the end, and roll it into a mesh. 2) Use some sort of 2D drawing library to create a circle and mask it off at the right angles, render to texture, and use that. For reference, I have some experience with Ogre3D, but I'm not attached to it as this is a mostly academic pursuit at the moment. Other technologies that might be better at accomplishing this are more than welcome. Finally, I'm kind of curious about how to do a "flashlight" or similar 3D effect that could produce the same result, but on all surfaces in the lit area.

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• Client/Server game even in solo: any big problem?

  - by Klaim

  I'm making a game which have strong basic design based on multiplayer but also should provide a really interesting and self-sufficient solo game. A bit like a real-time strategy game. The events and actions taken shouldn't be as massive and immediate as in a FPS, so you can also think the networking like for an RTS. It's a PC game, targetting Windows, MacOSX and Linux (Ubuntu & Fedora). It's programmed in C++, using a variety of open source libraries, so I have great (potential) control over the performances. So far I always considered that just making the game work with two applications, client & server, even in solo mode was ok. However, as I'm in the process of starting the network code I'm having doubts about if it's a good idea. I'm not a specialist so I might be missing something in my analysis. I see these pros and cons: Pros: The game works only one way so if I fix a bug it should apply on all game modes, whatever the distance with the server is; Basic networking issues would be detected early, including behaviour with the protection softwares (firewall) installed (i am not specialist so this might be wrong); Cons: I suppose that even if it should be really fast enough, networking client and server on the same computer would still be slower than no networking and message passing in (one) process memory. Maybe debugging would be more difficult? I don't have experience in this case but so far I assume that debugging with Visual Studio allows me to debug multiple process so it shouldn't be really different. Also, remote debugging. My question is: is there a big disadvantage that I missed? Or maybe there are advantages that I missed and that should encourage me to just continue with only client-server game sessions?

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• forward rendering and multiple shadow maps

  - by Irbis

  I have two light sources on my scene. I created two fbo's which store depth textures for these lights. A render loop looks like this: bind fbo1 save depth values for first light unbind fbo1 bind fbo2 save depth values for second light unbind fbo2 enable additive blending bind first depth texture render scene bind second depth texture render scene disable additive blending For one light source the program works fine. For many light sources I use an additive blending to acumulate lighting results but then some objects become transparent (for example when an object which is further away from the camera is drawn before an object which is closer to the camera). How to resolve that problem ? How should I accumulate lighting effects for many light sources (many shadow maps) ? P.S. I use OpenGL/GLSL 3.3+

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• Movement on the X an Z axis are combined?

  - by Magicaxis

  This is probably a stupid question, but I'm trying to simply move a 3D object up, down, left, and right (Not forward or backward). The Y axis works fine, but when I increment the object's X position, the object moves BOTH right and backwards! when I decrement X, left and forwards! setPosition(getPosition().X + 2/*times deltatime*/, getPosition().Y, getPosition().Z); I was astonished that XNA doesnt have its own setPosition function, so I made a parent class for all objects with a setPosition and Draw function. Setposition simply edits a variable "mPosition" and passes it to the common draw function: // Copy any parent transforms. Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[block.Bones.Count]; block.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); // Draw the model. A model can have multiple meshes, so loop. foreach (ModelMesh mesh in block.Meshes) { // This is where the mesh orientation is set, as well // as our camera and projection. foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(mOrientation.Y)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(mPosition); effect.View = game1.getView(); effect.Projection = game1.getProjection(); } // Draw the mesh, using the effects set above. mesh.Draw(); } I tried to work it out by attempting to increment and decrement the Z axis, but nothing happens?! So using the X axis changes the objects x and z axis', but changing the Z does nothing. Great. So how do I seperate the X and Z axis movement?

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• How should game objects be aware of each other?

  - by Jefffrey

  I find it hard to find a way to organize game objects so that they are polymorphic but at the same time not polymorphic. Here's an example: assuming that we want all our objects to update() and draw(). In order to do that we need to define a base class GameObject which have those two virtual pure methods and let polymorphism kicks in: class World { private: std::vector<GameObject*> objects; public: // ... update() { for (auto& o : objects) o->update(); for (auto& o : objects) o->draw(window); } }; The update method is supposed to take care of whatever state the specific class object needs to update. The fact is that each objects needs to know about the world around them. For example: A mine needs to know if someone is colliding with it A soldier should know if another team's soldier is in proximity A zombie should know where the closest brain, within a radius, is For passive interactions (like the first one) I was thinking that the collision detection could delegate what to do in specific cases of collisions to the object itself with a on_collide(GameObject*). Most of the the other informations (like the other two examples) could just be queried by the game world passed to the update method. Now the world does not distinguish objects based on their type (it stores all object in a single polymorphic container), so what in fact it will return with an ideal world.entities_in(center, radius) is a container of GameObject*. But of course the soldier does not want to attack other soldiers from his team and a zombie doesn't case about other zombies. So we need to distinguish the behavior. A solution could be the following: void TeamASoldier::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<TeamBSoldier*>(e)) // shoot towards enemy } void Zombie::update(const World& world) { auto list = world.entities_in(position, eye_sight); for (const auto& e : list) if (auto enemy = dynamic_cast<Human*>(e)) // go and eat brain } but of course the number of dynamic_cast<> per frame could be horribly high, and we all know how slow dynamic_cast can be. The same problem also applies to the on_collide(GameObject*) delegate that we discussed earlier. So what it the ideal way to organize the code so that objects can be aware of other objects and be able to ignore them or take actions based on their type?

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• What are some ways of making manageable complex AI?

  - by Tetrad

  In the past I've used simple systems like finite state machines (FSMs) or hierarchical FSMs to control AI behavior. For any complex system, this pattern falls apart very quickly. I've heard about behavior trees and it seems like that's the next obvious step, but haven't seen a working implementation or really tried going down that route yet. Are there any other patterns to making manageable yet complex AI behaviors?

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• CLR Profiler Allocated Bytes and XNA ContentManager

  - by Vackup

  I've been fighting with XNA ContentManager and memory allocations for some weeks because I'm trying to port my game from XNA (Windows) to ExEn / Monotouch (iphone). The problem is that after playing a few levels, my game exits unexpectedly on a real iPhone device (not simulator). Profiling memory usage on Windows with CLRProfile, I found some useful stuff but I also found something I dont understand. If I use 2 ContentManagers (1 for shared assets and 1 for level assets), when profiling, "Allocated Bytes" grows and grows after level through level but Memory consumption measured by Windows Task Manager stays constant (down when I unload the content manager and up again when I load content). Obviously, I contentManager.Unload() when level ends. After a few levels my game exits unexpectedly on an iPhone device. If I use 1 content manager, "CRLProfiler Allocated Bytes" stays constant on Windows and on the iPhone; I can play the game normally and it doesnt exit unexpectedly. I use the same assets level through level. It seems like in ios (iPhone) when loading and unloading the same assets, it allocates memory and consumes all device memory, so the ios kill it. Can anybody explain me how this really works? I've read quite a bit, but I still don't understand what's going on.

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• Logic in Entity Components Sytems

  - by aaron

  I'm making a game that uses an Entity/Component architecture basically a port of Artemis's framework to c++,the problem arises when I try to make a PlayerControllerComponent, my original idea was this. class PlayerControllerComponent: Component { public: virtual void update() = 0; }; class FpsPlayerControllerComponent: PlayerControllerComponent { public: void update() { //handle input } }; and have a system that updates PlayerControllerComponents, but I found out that the artemis framework does not look at sub-classes the way I thought it would. So all in all my question here is should I make the framework aware of subclasses or should I add a new Component like object that is used for logic.

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• What techniques can I use to render very large numbers of objects more efficiently in OpenGL?

  - by Luke

  You can think of my application as drawing a very large ball-and-stick diagram (or graph). At times, this graph can get very large, where the number of elements even outnumbers the pixels on the screen. Currently I am simply passing all of my textures (as GL_POINTS) and lines to the graphics card using VBO's. When the number of elements outnumbers the number of pixels, is this the most efficient way to do this? Or should I do some calculations on the CPU side before handing everything over to the GPU? If it matters, I do use GL_DEPTH_TEST and GL_ALPHA_TEST. I do some alpha blending, but probably not enough to make a huge performance difference. My scene can be static at times, but the user has control over a typical arc-ball camera and can pan, rotate, or zoom. It is during these operations that performance degradation is noticeable.

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• CUDA 4.1 Update

  - by N0xus

  I'm currently working on porting a particle system to update on the GPU via the use of CUDA. With CUDA, I've already passed over the required data I need to the GPU and allocated and copied the date via the host. When I build the project, it all runs fine, but when I run it, the project says I need to allocate my h_position pointer. This pointer is my host pointer and is meant to hold the data. I know I need to pass in the current particle position to the required cudaMemcpy call and they are currently stored in a list with a for loop being created and interated for each particle calling the following line of code: m_particleList[i].positionY = m_particleList[i].positionY - (m_particleList[i].velocity * frameTime * 0.001f); My current host side cuda code looks like this: float* h_position; // Your host pointer. This holds the data (I assume it's already filled with the data.) float* d_position; // Your device pointer, we will allocate and fill this float* d_velocity; float* d_time; int threads_per_block = 128; // You should play with this value int blocks = m_maxParticles/threads_per_block + ( (m_maxParticles%threads_per_block)?1:0 ); const int N = 10; size_t size = N * sizeof(float); cudaMalloc( (void**)&d_position, m_maxParticles * sizeof(float) ); cudaMemcpy( d_position, h_position, m_maxParticles * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice); Both of which were / can be found inside my UpdateParticle() method. I had originally thought it would be a simple case of changing the h_position variable in the cudaMemcpy to m_particleList[i] but then I get the following error: no suitable conversion function from "ParticleSystemClass::ParticleType" to "const void *" exists I've probably messed up somewhere, but could someone please help fix the issues I'm facing. Everything else seems to running fine, it's just when I try to run the program that certain things hit the fan.

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• How Would I create alternate players (Turn base Event)

  - by Blue

  The picture above shows 2 players. Each containing 3 characters. I want to know how to make a Turn based event starting with player 1 alternating turns with player 2. And in every alternation each character gets a turn. If a character dies, the next character on the same team goes, and so on. How would I create this? Is there a tutorial? I haven't made any turn-based games so I don't know how to program these kinds of stuff.

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• Particles are not moving correctly [closed]

  - by cr33p

  I want to make a particle explosion, after something gets destroyed, but somehow only one line of mixed colors show up on the screen. Here's the header: http://pastebin.com/JW5bPLj2 Here's the source: http://pastebin.com/KHmFqytD I don't get what's wrong, as it's nearly the same as in "Programming Linux Games" Can somebody help me fix that? PS: "Uint32 delta" is needed to update the pixels based on time. PSS: Maybe I should add that it's programmed in C and includes SDL. EDIT: Found the problem. It was the "drawParticles" function. The problem was, that I passed a double to "offset" (as particles[i].x, etc are all doubles). So I ended up with values like ~MAX_INT because I didn't cast the doubles properly to ints.

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• What is the minimum of shader I need to use to run basic calculation on GPU?

  - by Jinxi

  I read, that the Hull Shader, Domain Shader, Geometry Shader and Pixel Shader can be used optional. So, is the Vertex Shader optional too? If no: What does a basic Vertex Shader look like? Just like a simple pass through? Is the Vertex Shader necessary to tell what kind of datastructure (Van Stripes or Meshes) are used? What can I do, with just the vertex shader? Are the fixed functions working without any help of programming a programmable stage?

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• Restricted pathfinding Area

  - by SubZeron

  So i'm triying to create a little "XCOM : Enemy Unknown" like game ,and using the Aron Granberg's Pathfinding-Tool (free version) to handle the "click to move part. i want to add a little trap system where the hero get stuck inside an area, so he will have only the possibility to move inside this trapped area, so far everything is fine however when i click outside the trapped area, the hero try to reach the destination even though the wall will prevents him from reaching it. so my question is, is there any way to restrict the area where the pathfinding system work to the trapped area dynamically. and wich Graph Type is recommended to use in this situation or this kind of Games (Grid Graph/Navmesh Graph/Point Graph). Thank you. image link for explanation : https://dl.dropbox.com/u/77993668/exemple.jpg

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• Threads slowing down application and not working properly

  - by Belgin

  I'm making a software renderer which does per-polygon rasterization using a floating point digital differential analyzer algorithm. My idea was to create two threads for rasterization and have them work like so: one thread draws each even scanline in a polygon and the other thread draws each odd scanline, and they both start working at the same time, but the main application waits for both of them to finish and then pauses them before continuing with other computations. As this is the first time I'm making a threaded application, I'm not sure if the following method for thread synchronization is correct: First of all, I use two global variables to control the two threads, if a global variable is set to 1, that means the thread can start working, otherwise it must not work. This is checked by the thread running an infinite loop and if it detects that the global variable has changed its value, it does its job and then sets the variable back to 0 again. The main program also uses an empty while to check when both variables become 0 after setting them to 1. Second, each thread is assigned a global structure which contains information about the triangle that is about to be rasterized. The structures are filled in by the main program before setting the global variables to 1. My dilemma is that, while this process works under some conditions, it slows down the program considerably, and also it fails to run properly when compiled for Release in Visual Studio, or when compiled with any sort of -O optimization with gcc (i.e. nothing on screen, even SEGFAULTs). The program isn't much faster by default without threads, which you can see for yourself by commenting out the #define THREADS directive, but if I apply optimizations, it becomes much faster (especially with gcc -Ofast -march=native). N.B. It might not compile with gcc because of fscanf_s calls, but you can replace those with the usual fscanf, if you wish to use gcc. Because there is a lot of code, too much for here or pastebin, I created a git repository where you can view it. My questions are: Why does adding these two threads slow down my application? Why doesn't it work when compiling for Release or with optimizations? Can I speed up the application with threads? If so, how? Thanks in advance.

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• Will C++ remain viable for game engines in somewhat distant future?

  - by samual

  C++11 has opened ways, which were only dreamt by the C++ programmers. It has been three years since I have been learning C++, and I am going well. Now I want to get into vedio games. Every core of the game code I saw, was monstourously writtern in C++. My question is - If I get into serious game engine dev, and perfecting it would take, maybe say 10 years, would we still be writing game engines in C++ ?(newer standard) Or, will John Carmack, write id tech 7 in c++? note - I am strictly talking about game engines.

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• Game Server on Windows Azure

  - by MrWiggels

  What do you guys think of using Windows Azure for deploying a custom built game server. It's being built in C#, and I want to get a few things down before stretching too far into the project. I like the idea of being scalable, but I also know that I will never get to the scale of anything to the scale of WOW, or something quite as big. It will just be an interesting journey to test something like this. So, will Windows Azure work for that, or is there any other services that can provide something like that?

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• returning correct multiTouch id

  - by Max

  I've spent countless hours on reading tutorials and looking at every question related to multiTouch from here and Stackoverflow. But I just cannot figure out how to do this correctly. I use a loop to get my pointerId, I dont see alot of people doing this but its the only way I've managed to get it somewhat working. I have two joysticks on my screen, one for moving and one for controlling my sprites rotation and the angle he shoots, like in Monster Shooter. Both these work fine. My problem is that when I Move my sprite at the same time as Im shooting, my touchingPoint for my movement is set to the touchingPoint of my shooting, since the x and y is higher on the touchingPoint of my shooting (moving-stick on left side of screen, shooting-stick on right side), my sprite speeds up, this creates an unwanted change in speed for my sprite. I will post my entire onTouch method here with some variable-changes to make it more understandable. Since I do not know where Im going wrong. public void update(MotionEvent event) { if (event == null && lastEvent == null) { return; } else if (event == null && lastEvent != null) { event = lastEvent; } else { lastEvent = event; } int pointerCount = event.getPointerCount(); for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) { int x = (int) event.getX(i); int y = (int) event.getY(i); int id = event.getPointerId(i); int action = event.getActionMasked(); int actionIndex = event.getActionIndex(); String actionString; switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: actionString = "DOWN"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: shooting=false; // when shooting is true, it shoots dragging=false; // when dragging is true, it moves actionString = "UP"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: actionString = "PNTR DOWN"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: shooting=false; dragging=false; actionString = "PNTR UP"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: shooting=false; dragging=false; actionString = "CANCEL"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: try{ if((int) event.getX(id) > 0 && (int) event.getX(id) < touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) < view.getHeight()){ movingPoint.x = (int) event.getX(id); movingPoint.y = (int) event.getY(id); dragging = true; } else if((int) event.getX(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getX(id) < view.getWidth() && (int) event.getY(id) > touchingBox && (int) event.getY(id) < view.getHeight()){ shootingPoint.x = (int) event.getX(id); shootingPoint.y = (int) event.getY(id); shooting=true; }else{ shooting=false; dragging=false; } }catch(Exception e){ } actionString = "MOVE"; break; default: actionString = ""; } Wouldnt post this much code if I wasnt at an absolute loss of what I'm doing wrong. I simply can not get a good understanding of how multiTouching works. basicly movingPoint changes for both my first and second finger. I bind it to a box, but aslong as I hold one finger within this box, it changes its value based on where my second finger touches. It moves in the right direction and nothing gives an error, the problem is the speed-change, its almost like it adds up the two touchingPoints.

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• How to create a scripted sequence

  - by igrad

  Like countless other video games, I'd like to have scripted sequences in my game. Character 1 says something, the player replies, then a rock falls, that sorta stuff. I could find a way to do it, but I would like to use a common method, assuming there is one. My current thought is to have a separate file for each level of the game that contains all the possible scripted actions for that level. When the corresponding trigger is activated, the function is called. I think early Call of Duty games (up to CoD4) used something similar, but I'm not entirely sure.

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• Sprite batching in OpenGL

  - by Roy T.

  I've got a JAVA based game with an OpenGL rendering front that is drawing a large amount of sprites every frame (during testing it peaked at 700). Now this game is completely unoptimized. There is no spatial partitioning (so a sprite is drawn even if it isn't on screen) and every sprite is drawn separately like this: graphics.glPushMatrix(); { graphics.glTranslated(x, y, 0.0); graphics.glRotated(degrees, 0, 0, 1); graphics.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); graphics.glTexCoord2f (1.0f, 0.0f); graphics.glVertex2d(half_size , half_size); // upper right // same for upper left, lower left, lower right graphics.glEnd(); } graphics.glPopMatrix(); Currently the game is running at +-25FPS and is CPU bound. I would like to improve performance by adding spatial partitioning (which I know how to do) and sprite batching. Not drawing sprites that aren't on screen will help a lot, however since players can zoom out it won't help enough, hence the need for batching. However sprite batching in OpenGL is a bit of mystery to me. I usually work with XNA where a few classes to do this are built in. But in OpenGL I don't know what to do. As for further optimization, the game I'm working on as a few interesting characteristics. A lot of sprites have the same texture and all the sprites are square. Maybe these characteristics will help determine an efficient batching technique?

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• String on a model

  - by alecnash

  I am trying to put a sting on a Model and I want it to be dynamic. Did some research and came up with drawing the text on the texture and then set it on the model. I use something like this: public static Texture2D SpriteFontTextToTexture(SpriteFont font, string text, Color backgroundColor, Color textColor) { Size = font.MeasureString(text); RenderTarget2D renderTarget = new RenderTarget2D(GraphicsDevice, (int)Size.X, (int)Size.Y); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget); GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); Spritbatch.Begin(); //have to redo the ColorTexture Spritbatch.Draw(ColorTexture.Create(GraphicsDevice, 1024, 1024, backgroundColor), Vector2.Zero, Color.White); Spritbatch.DrawString(font, text, Vector2.Zero, textColor); Spritbatch.End(); GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); return renderTarget; } When I was working with primitives and not models everything worked fine because I set the texture exactly where I wanted but with the model (RoundedRect 3d button) it looks like that: Is there a way to have the text centered only on one side?

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• pygame.Rect around circle

  - by geekkid

  I'm trying to make a pong game in pygame , but i can't figure out how to but a ball circle , which i can create with pygame.draw.circle into a pygame.Rect object so i can use the colliderect function and manipulate the ball's position. For example, with rectangles, i can do something like this : rect = pygame.Rect(255, 255, 100, 100) pygame.draw.rect(screen, yellow, rect) and then when i change the pygame.Rect object position , the drawing primitives position also changes. How can the same effect be achieved when i want to draw a circle, instead of a rectangle? Thank you.

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• How to create a simple side scroller game

  - by D34thSt4lker

  I'm still pretty new to game programming and any tutorial that I have worked with stuck to only games with the initial screen. I want to start creating my own games but there are a few things that I still need to learn. One of them is how to create a game that side-scrolls. For example; Mario... Or ANY type of game like that... Can anyone give me a small example to create something like that. I'm not asking for any specific language because currently in school I am learning javascript but I know some c++/java/processing/objective-c as well. So any of those languages would be fine and I could probably implement it in any of the others... I have been searching for some help with this for a while now but could never actually get any help on it. Thanks in advance!

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• Pathfinding in Warcraft 1

  - by Valmond

  Dijkstra and A* are all nice and popular but what kind of algorithm was used in Warcraft 1 for pathfinding? I remember that the enemy could get trapped in bowl-like caverns which means there were (most probably) no full-path calculations from "start to end". If I recall correctly, the algorithm could be something like this: A) Move towards enemy until success or hitting a wall B) If blocked by a wall, follow the wall until you can move towards the enemy without being blocked and then do A) But I'd like to know, if someone knows :-)

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• How can I stop pixel seams appearing in adjacent mesh boundaries due to floating point imprecision?

  - by ufomorace

  Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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