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• Attach certificate to remote desktop connection - not gateway services

  - by Jordan S

  I have a Windows server that I want to attach a 3rd party signed certificate for remote desktop connections. This is not a remote desktop services server, i.e. it is just remote desktop administration. There is lots of info on the internet about attaching a certificate to remote desktop services, but I want to attach mine to just plain remote desktop connection for administration purposes. If anyone know how to do this, please holler! I have imported the certificate into the Remote Desktop store in the certificates mmc snap in, and have tried running the wmic command in this question (Configure custom SSL certificate for RDP on Windows Server 2012 in Remote Administration mode?) but this fails. THANKS!

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• A raw dump from a corrupted large file

  - by Masoud M.

  I have a large .rar file inside partion D (Windows7/NTFS). It's corrupted due to bad sector (I think) and when I copy it to another place (External-HDD) the system freezes after 88% of progress. I even tried to copy it with my Ubuntu and same problem occurred. Also I tried chkdsk and it dosen't fix it. I think my last chance is dump that file with a tool which ignores bad sectors and create a raw copy of it. Then I will repair the file with rar tools. But I can not found a tool to raw dump a specific file. (In linux there is dd tool but it dumps all partition and I can not use it) So, Is somebody know a tool to do a raw dump from a file?

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• Delete file then run file at startup

  - by Henry Gibson

  I'm running the music player Foobar2000 through Wine at startup. For some reason when I shutdown Ubuntu the Foobar2000 process is ended abnormally in Wine and when it runs next time I get an annoying "start in safe mode?" message. Not a huge problem, but I'd like it fixed. The safe mode message only appears if a file called "running" is present when Foobar2000 starts (if it isn't deleted when closed properly). So by deleting "running" then starting Foobar2000, the message doesn't appear. I thought it would be easy enough to enter this as a startup command, however it doesn't want to work. The command I am using is rm '/home/henry/.wine/drive_c/users/henry/Application Data/foobar2000/running';'/home/henry/.wine/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/foobar2000/foobar2000.exe' which works fine if I just run it from terminal, the file is deleted then foobar2000 runs. Does anyone know why this isn't working at startup? Also, will this run with a terminal visible? How can I make just the gui appear? Thanks

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• How to associate all file types within Wine with its corresponding native application?

  - by MestreLion

  This is easily done for a single file type, as answered in How to associate a file type within Wine with a native application?, by creating a .reg for the desired filetype. But this is for AVI only. I use some wine apps (uTorrent, Soulseek, Eudora, to name a few) that can launch a wide range of files. Email attachments, for example, can be JPG, DOC, PDF, PPS... its impossible (and not desirable) to track down all possible file types that one may receive in an email or download in a torrent. So I neeed a solution to be more generic and broad. I need the file association to honor whatever native app is currently configured. And I want this to be done for all file types configured in my system. I've already figured out how to make the solution generic. Simply replacing the launched app in .reg for winebrowser, like this: [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.pdf] @="PDFfile" "Content Type"="application/pdf" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PDFfile\Shell\Open\command] @="C:\\windows\\system32\\winebrowser.exe \"%1\"" Ive tested this and it works correctly. Since winebrowser uses xdg-open as a backend, and converts my windows path to a Unix one, the correct (Linux) app is launched. So I need a "batch" updater to wine's registry, sort of a wine-update-associations script that I can run whenever a new app is installed. Maybe a tool that can: List all Mime Types types in my system that have a default, installed app associated Extract all the needed info (glob, mime type, etc) Generate the .REG file in the above format The tricky part is: i've searched a LOT to find info about how association is done in Ubuntu 10.10 onwards, and documentation is scarce and confusing, to say the least. Freedesktop.org has no complete spec, and even Gnome docs are obsolete. So far I've gathered 4 files that contain association info, but im clueless on which (or why) to use, or how to use them to generate the .reg file: ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list ~/.local/share/applications/miminfo.cache /usr/share/applications/miminfo.cache /etc/gnome/defaults.list Any help, script or explanation would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!

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• Is there an easy way to configure an Ubuntu system to function as a proxy/file server from behind an NAT?

  - by amol.kamath

  Sorry for the long question, but the situation/desire is quite complex. Here is my setup: I have a laptop which I carry around everywhere and I have a desktop sitting at home, connected to the internet through a router using NAT. My objective is to create a connection from my laptop to my desktop that can allow me to (in order of priority): Use the desktop as a proxy server Access files on the desktop remotely Control said desktop from the laptop using VNC or similar. Now here is the scene. I have already looked up and tried several ways to achieve the above goals. Teamviewer - I used it and didn't like it. This is not an option. SSH - This seems ideal, I have figured a way to use this for both proxy and file sharing. However, I am currently unable to connect it due to the NAT. I have a separate thread trying to get that to work here. VPN - I've figured out how to use this method for proxy, but not file sharing. However this faces the same problem as the above: I can't get it to connect through the NAT. Does anyone have any other solutions for what I want? Otherwise, if there are solutions to connecting through the NAT, please tell me (in the other thread). Thanks

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• RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

  - by Bilal Basharat

  this error arises when i try to run the following test case which is written in models.py of my django app named 'administration' : from django.test import Client, TestCase from django.core import mail class ClientTest( TestCase ): fixtures = [ 'testdata.json' ] def test_get_register( self ): response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) self.assertEqual( response.status_code, 200 ) the error arises at this line specifically: response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) my django version is 1.2.1 and python 2.6 and satchmo version is 0.9.2-pre hg-unknown. I code in windows platform(xp sp2). The command to run test case is: python manage.py test administration the complete error log is as follow: site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 101, in by_host site = Site.objects.get(domain=host) File "C:\django\django\db\models\manager.py", line 132, in get return self.get_query_set().get(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 336, in get num = len(clone) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 81, in __len__ self._result_cache = list(self.iterator()) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in iterator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 672, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 717, in execute_sql sql, params = self.as_sql() File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 65, in as_sql where, w_params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 91, in as_sql sql, params = child.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 94, in as_sql sql, params = self.make_atom(child, qn, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 141, in make_atom lvalue, params = lvalue.process(lookup_type, params_or_value, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 312, in process connection=connection, prepared=True) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 323, in get_db_prep _lookup return [self.get_db_prep_value(value, connection=connection, prepared=prepar ed)] File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 7 tests in 48.453s FAILED (errors=1) Destroying test database 'default'...

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• How to write files in specific order?

  - by Bernie

  Okay, here's a weird problem -- My wife just bought a 2014 Nissan Altima. So, I took her iTunes library and converted the .m4a files to .mp3, since the car audio system only supports .mp3 and .wma. So far so good. Then I copied the files to a DOS FAT-32 formatted USB thumb drive, and connected the drive to the car's USB port, only to find all of the tracks were out of sequence. All tracks begin with a two digit numeric prefix, i.e., 01, 02, 03, etc. So you would think they would be in order. So I called Nissan Connect support and the rep told me that there is a known problem with reading files in the correct order. He said the files are read in the same order they are written. So, I manually copied a few albums with the tracks in a predetermined order, and sure enough he was correct. So I copied about 6 albums for testing, then changed to the top level directory and did a "find . music.txt". Then I passed this file to rsync like this: rsync -av --files-from=music.txt . ../Marys\ Music\ Sequenced/ The files looked like they were copied in order, but when I listed the files in order of modified time, they were in the same sequence as the original files: ../Marys Music Sequenced/Air Supply/Air Supply Greatest Hits ls -1rt 01 Lost In Love.mp3 04 Every Woman In The World.mp3 03 Chances.mp3 02 All Out Of Love.mp3 06 Here I Am (Just When I Thought I Was Over You).mp3 05 The One That You Love.mp3 08 I Want To Give It All.mp3 07 Sweet Dreams.mp3 11 Young Love.mp3 So the question is, how can I copy files listed in a file named music.txt, and copy them to a destination, and ensure the modification times are in the same sequence as the files are listed?

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• Program for remove exact duplicate files while caching search results

  - by John Thomas

  We need a Windows 7 program to remove/check the duplicates but our situation is somewhat different than the standard one for which there are enough programs. We have a fairly large static archive (collection) of photos spread on several disks. Let's call them Disk A..M. We have also some disks (let's call them Disk 1..9) which contain some duplicates which are to be found on disks A..M. We want to add to our collection new disks (N, O, P... aso.) which will contain the photos from disks 1..9 but, of course, we don't want to have any photos two (or more) times. Of course, theoretically, the task can be solved with a regular file duplicate remover but the time needed will be very big. Ideally, AFAIS now, the real solution would be a program which will scan the disks A..M, store the file sizes/hashes of the photos in an indexed database/file(s) and will check the new disks (1..9) against this database. However I have hard time to find such a program (if exists). Other things to note: we consider that the Disks A..M (the collection) doesn't have any duplicates on them the file names might be changed we aren't interested in approximated (fuzzy) comparison which can be found in some photo comparing programs. We hunt for exact duplicate files. we aren't afraid of command line. :-) we need to work on Win7/XP we prefer (of course) to be freeware TIA for any suggestions, John Th.

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• Create and Share a File (Also a mysterious error)

  - by Kirk

  My goal is to create a XML file and then send it through the share Intent. I'm able to create a XML file using this code FileOutputStream outputStream = context.openFileOutput(fileName, Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE); PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream); String xml = this.writeXml(); // get XML here printStream.println(xml); printStream.close(); I'm stuck trying to retrieve a Uri to the output file in order to share it. I first tried to access the file by converting the file to a Uri File outFile = context.getFileStreamPath(fileName); return Uri.fromFile(outFile); This returns file:///data/data/com.my.package/files/myfile.xml but I cannot appear to attach this to an email, upload, etc. If I manually check the file length, it's proper and shows there is a reasonable file size. Next I created a content provider and tried to reference the file and it isn't a valid handle to the file. The ContentProvider doesn't ever seem to be called a any point. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + CachedFileProvider.AUTHORITY + "/" + fileName); return uri; This returns content://com.my.package.provider/myfile.xml but I check the file and it's zero length. How do I access files properly? Do I need to create the file with the content provider? If so, how? Update Here is the code I'm using to share. If I select Gmail, it does show as an attachment but when I send it gives an error Couldn't show attachment and the email that arrives has no attachment. public void onClick(View view) { Log.d(TAG, "onClick " + view.getId()); switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.share_cancel: setResult(RESULT_CANCELED, getIntent()); finish(); break; case R.id.share_share: MyXml xml = new MyXml(); Uri uri; try { uri = xml.writeXmlToFile(getApplicationContext(), "myfile.xml"); //uri is "file:///data/data/com.my.package/files/myfile.xml" Log.d(TAG, "Share URI: " + uri.toString() + " path: " + uri.getPath()); File f = new File(uri.getPath()); Log.d(TAG, "File length: " + f.length()); // shows a valid file size Intent shareIntent = new Intent(); shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND); shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); shareIntent.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Share")); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } break; } } I noticed that there is an Exception thrown here from inside createChooser(...), but I can't figure out why it's thrown. E/ActivityThread(572): Activity com.android.internal.app.ChooserActivity has leaked IntentReceiver com.android.internal.app.ResolverActivity$1@4148d658 that was originally registered here. Are you missing a call to unregisterReceiver()? I've researched this error and can't find anything obvious. Both of these links suggest that I need to unregister a receiver. Chooser Activity Leak - Android Why does Intent.createChooser() need a BroadcastReceiver and how to implement? I have a receiver setup, but it's for an AlarmManager that is set elsewhere and doesn't require the app to register / unregister. Code for openFile(...) In case it's needed, here is the content provider I've created. public ParcelFileDescriptor openFile(Uri uri, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException { String fileLocation = getContext().getCacheDir() + "/" + uri.getLastPathSegment(); ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.open(new File(fileLocation), ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_READ_ONLY); return pfd; }

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• SQL SERVER – Import CSV into Database – Transferring File Content into a Database Table using CSVexpress

  - by pinaldave

  One of the most common data integration tasks I run into is a desire to move data from a file into a database table.  Generally the user is familiar with his data, the structure of the file, and the database table, but is unfamiliar with data integration tools and therefore views this task as something that is difficult.  What these users really need is a point and click approach that minimizes the learning curve for the data integration tool.  This is what CSVexpress (www.CSVexpress.com) is all about!  It is based on expressor Studio, a data integration tool I’ve been reviewing over the last several months. With CSVexpress, moving data between data sources can be as simple as providing the database connection details, describing the structure of the incoming and outgoing data and then connecting two pre-programmed operators.   There’s no need to learn the intricacies of the data integration tool or to write code.  Let’s look at an example. Suppose I have a comma separated value data file with data similar to the following, which is a listing of terminated employees that includes their hiring and termination date, department, job description, and final salary. EMP_ID,STRT_DATE,END_DATE,JOB_ID,DEPT_ID,SALARY 102,13-JAN-93,24-JUL-98 17:00,Programmer,60,"$85,000" 101,21-SEP-89,27-OCT-93 17:00,Account Representative,110,"$65,000" 103,28-OCT-93,15-MAR-97 17:00,Account Manager,110,"$75,000" 304,17-FEB-96,19-DEC-99 17:00,Marketing,20,"$45,000" 333,24-MAR-98,31-DEC-99 17:00,Data Entry Clerk,50,"$35,000" 100,17-SEP-87,17-JUN-93 17:00,Administrative Assistant,90,"$40,000" 334,24-MAR-98,31-DEC-98 17:00,Sales Representative,80,"$40,000" 400,01-JAN-99,31-DEC-99 17:00,Sales Manager,80,"$55,000" Notice the concise format used for the date values, the fact that the termination date includes both date and time information, and that the salary is clearly identified as money by the dollar sign and digit grouping.  In moving this data to a database table I want to express the dates using a format that includes the century since it’s obvious that this listing could include employees who left the company in both the 20th and 21st centuries, and I want the salary to be stored as a decimal value without the currency symbol and grouping character.  Most data integration tools would require coding within a transformation operation to effect these changes, but not expressor Studio.  Directives for these modifications are included in the description of the incoming data. Besides starting the expressor Studio tool and opening a project, the first step is to create connection artifacts, which describe to expressor where data is stored.  For this example, two connection artifacts are required: a file connection, which encapsulates the file system location of my file; and a database connection, which encapsulates the database connection information.  With expressor Studio, I use wizards to create these artifacts. First click New Connection > File Connection in the Home tab of expressor Studio’s ribbon bar, which starts the File Connection wizard.  In the first window, I enter the path to the directory that contains the input file.  Note that the file connection artifact only specifies the file system location, not the name of the file. Then I click Next and enter a meaningful name for this connection artifact; clicking Finish closes the wizard and saves the artifact. To create the Database Connection artifact, I must know the location of, or instance name, of the target database and have the credentials of an account with sufficient privileges to write to the target table.  To use expressor Studio’s features to the fullest, this account should also have the authority to create a table. I click the New Connection > Database Connection in the Home tab of expressor Studio’s ribbon bar, which starts the Database Connection wizard.  expressor Studio includes high-performance drivers for many relational database management systems, so I can simply make a selection from the “Supplied database drivers” drop down control.  If my desired RDBMS isn’t listed, I can optionally use an existing ODBC DSN by selecting the “Existing DSN” radio button. In the following window, I enter the connection details.  With Microsoft SQL Server, I may choose to use Windows Authentication rather than rather than account credentials.  After clicking Next, I enter a meaningful name for this connection artifact and clicking Finish closes the wizard and saves the artifact. Now I create a schema artifact, which describes the structure of the file data.  When expressor reads a file, all data fields are typed as strings.  In some use cases this may be exactly what is needed and there is no need to edit the schema artifact.  But in this example, editing the schema artifact will be used to specify how the data should be transformed; that is, reformat the dates to include century designations, change the employee and job ID’s to integers, and convert the salary to a decimal value. Again a wizard is used to create the schema artifact.  I click New Schema > Delimited Schema in the Home tab of expressor Studio’s ribbon bar, which starts the Database Connection wizard.  In the first window, I click Get Data from File, which then displays a listing of the file connections in the project.  When I click on the file connection I previously created, a browse window opens to this file system location; I then select the file and click Open, which imports 10 lines from the file into the wizard. I now view the file’s content and confirm that the appropriate delimiter characters are selected in the “Field Delimiter” and “Record Delimiter” drop down controls; then I click Next. Since the input file includes a header row, I can easily indicate that fields in the file should be identified through the corresponding header value by clicking “Set All Names from Selected Row. “ Alternatively, I could enter a different identifier into the Field Details > Name text box.  I click Next and enter a meaningful name for this schema artifact; clicking Finish closes the wizard and saves the artifact. Now I open the schema artifact in the schema editor.  When I first view the schema’s content, I note that the types of all attributes in the Semantic Type (the right-hand panel) are strings and that the attribute names are the same as the field names in the data file.  To change an attribute’s name and type, I highlight the attribute and click Edit in the Attributes grouping on the Schema > Edit tab of the editor’s ribbon bar.  This opens the Edit Attribute window; I can change the attribute name and select the desired type from the “Data type” drop down control.  In this example, I change the name of each attribute to the name of the corresponding database table column (EmployeeID, StartingDate, TerminationDate, JobDescription, DepartmentID, and FinalSalary).  Then for the EmployeeID and DepartmentID attributes, I select Integer as the data type, for the StartingDate and TerminationDate attributes, I select Datetime as the data type, and for the FinalSalary attribute, I select the Decimal type. But I can do much more in the schema editor.  For the datetime attributes, I can set a constraint that ensures that the data adheres to some predetermined specifications; a starting date must be later than January 1, 1980 (the date on which the company began operations) and a termination date must be earlier than 11:59 PM on December 31, 1999.  I simply select the appropriate constraint and enter the value (1980-01-01 00:00 as the starting date and 1999-12-31 11:59 as the termination date). As a last step in setting up these datetime conversions, I edit the mapping, describing the format of each datetime type in the source file. I highlight the mapping line for the StartingDate attribute and click Edit Mapping in the Mappings grouping on the Schema > Edit tab of the editor’s ribbon bar.  This opens the Edit Mapping window in which I either enter, or select, a format that describes how the datetime values are represented in the file.  Note the use of Y01 as the syntax for the year.  This syntax is the indicator to expressor Studio to derive the century by setting any year later than 01 to the 20th century and any year before 01 to the 21st century.  As each datetime value is read from the file, the year values are transformed into century and year values. For the TerminationDate attribute, my format also indicates that the datetime value includes hours and minutes. And now to the Salary attribute. I open its mapping and in the Edit Mapping window select the Currency tab and the “Use currency” check box.  This indicates that the file data will include the dollar sign (or in Europe the Pound or Euro sign), which should be removed. And on the Grouping tab, I select the “Use grouping” checkbox and enter 3 into the “Group size” text box, a comma into the “Grouping character” text box, and a decimal point into the “Decimal separator” character text box. These entries allow the string to be properly converted into a decimal value. By making these entries into the schema that describes my input file, I’ve specified how I want the data transformed prior to writing to the database table and completely removed the requirement for coding within the data integration application itself. Assembling the data integration application is simple.  Onto the canvas I drag the Read File and Write Table operators, connecting the output of the Read File operator to the input of the Write Table operator. Next, I select the Read File operator and its Properties panel opens on the right-hand side of expressor Studio.  For each property, I can select an appropriate entry from the corresponding drop down control.  Clicking on the button to the right of the “File name” text box opens the file system location specified in the file connection artifact, allowing me to select the appropriate input file.  I indicate also that the first row in the file, the header row, should be skipped, and that any record that fails one of the datetime constraints should be skipped. I then select the Write Table operator and in its Properties panel specify the database connection, normal for the “Mode,” and the “Truncate” and “Create Missing Table” options.  If my target table does not yet exist, expressor will create the table using the information encapsulated in the schema artifact assigned to the operator. The last task needed to complete the application is to create the schema artifact used by the Write Table operator.  This is extremely easy as another wizard is capable of using the schema artifact assigned to the Read Table operator to create a schema artifact for the Write Table operator.  In the Write Table Properties panel, I click the drop down control to the right of the “Schema” property and select “New Table Schema from Upstream Output…” from the drop down menu. The wizard first displays the table description and in its second screen asks me to select the database connection artifact that specifies the RDBMS in which the target table will exist.  The wizard then connects to the RDBMS and retrieves a list of database schemas from which I make a selection.  The fourth screen gives me the opportunity to fine tune the table’s description.  In this example, I set the width of the JobDescription column to a maximum of 40 characters and select money as the type of the LastSalary column.  I also provide the name for the table. This completes development of the application.  The entire application was created through the use of wizards and the required data transformations specified through simple constraints and specifications rather than through coding.  To develop this application, I only needed a basic understanding of expressor Studio, a level of expertise that can be gained by working through a few introductory tutorials.  expressor Studio is as close to a point and click data integration tool as one could want and I urge you to try this product if you have a need to move data between files or from files to database tables. Check out CSVexpress in more detail.  It offers a few basic video tutorials and a preview of expressor Studio 3.5, which will support the reading and writing of data into Salesforce.com. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Documentation, SQL Download, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Technology

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• How can we copy the column data of one datatable to another,even if there is different column names

  - by Harikrishna

  I have two datatables. First is DataTable NameAdressPhones = new DataTable(); with Three columns Name,Adress and PhoneNo.But I want only two columns Name and Adress data so I am copy those columns (with data) to the new datatable DataTable NameAdress = new DataTable(); For that I do foreach (DataRow sourcerow in NameAdressPhones.Rows) { DataRow destRow = NameAdress.NewRow(); foreach (string colname in columns) { destRow[colname] = sourcerow[colname]; } NameAdress.Rows.Add(destRow); } Now I clear every time the NameAdressPhones(first) datatable when there are new records in the table.And every time there will be same no of columns but column name will be different like Nm instead of Name,Add instead of Address.Now problem is second datatable have already column names Name and Address and now I want to copy the columns data of Nm and Add to the second datatabel but the column names are different to the second datatable.So even If there is different column names I want to copy Nm column data of first datatable to the column Name of second datatable and column Add data of first datatable to column Address of second datatable.

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• How do I copy a python function to a remote machine and then execute it?

  - by Hugh

  I'm trying to create a construct in Python 3 that will allow me to easily execute a function on a remote machine. Assuming I've already got a python tcp server that will run the functions it receives, running on the remote server, I'm currently looking at using a decorator like @execute_on(address, port) This would create the necessary context required to execute the function it is decorating and then send the function and context to the tcp server on the remote machine, which then executes it. Firstly, is this somewhat sane? And if not could you recommend a better approach? I've done some googling but haven't found anything that meets these needs. I've got a quick and dirty implementation for the tcp server and client so fairly sure that'll work. I can get a string representation the function (e.g. func) being passed to the decorator by import inspect string = inspect.getsource(func) which can then be sent to the server where it can be executed. The problem is, how do I get all of the context information that the function requires to execute? For example, if func is defined as follows, import MyModule def func(): result = MyModule.my_func() MyModule will need to be available to func either in the global context or funcs local context on the remote server. In this case that's relatively trivial but it can get so much more complicated depending on when and how import statements are used. Is there an easy and elegant way to do this in Python? The best I've come up with at the moment is using the ast library to pull out all import statements, using the inspect module to get string representations of those modules and then reconstructing the entire context on the remote server. Not particularly elegant and I can see lots of room for error. Thanks for your time

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• Do NOT Change "Copy Local” project references to false, unless understand subsequences.

  - by Michael Freidgeim

  To optimize performance of visual studio build I've found multiple recommendations to change CopyLocal property for dependent dlls to false,e.g. From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/690033/best-practices-for-large-solutions-in-visual-studio-2008 CopyLocal? For sure turn this offhttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/280751/what-is-the-best-practice-for-copy-local-and-with-project-referencesAlways set the Copy Local property to false and enforce this via a custom msbuild stephttp://codebetter.com/patricksmacchia/2007/06/20/benefit-from-the-c-and-vb-net-compilers-perf/BenefitBenefitMy advice is to always set ‘Copy Local’ to falseSome time ago we've tried to change the setting to false, and found that it causes problem for deployment of top-level projects.Recently I've followed the suggestion and changed the settings for middle-level projects. It didn't cause immediate issues, but I was warned by Readify Consultant Colin Savage about possible errors during deploymentsI haven't undone the changes immediately and we found a few issues during testing.There are many scenarios, when you need to have Copy Local’ left to True.The concerns are highlighted in some stack overflow answers, but they have small number of votes.Top-level projects:  set copy local = true.First of all, it doesn't work correctly for top-level projects, i.e. executables or web sites.As pointed in the answer http://stackoverflow.com/a/6529461/52277for all the references in the one at the top set copy local = true.Alternatively you have to change output directory as it's described in http://www.simple-talk.com/dotnet/.net-framework/partitioning-your-code-base-through-.net-assemblies-and-visual-studio-projects/If you set ‘ Copy Local = false’, VS will, unless you tell it otherwise, place each assembly alone in its own .\bin\Debugdirectory. Because of this, you will need to configure VS to place assemblies together in the same directory. To do so, for each VS project, go to VS > Project Properties > Build tab > Output path, and set the Ouput path to ..\bin\Debugfor debug configuration, and ..\bin\Release for release configuration.Second-level  dependencies:  set copy local = true.Another example when copylocal =false fails on run-time, is when top level assembly doesn't directly referenced one of indirect dependencies.E..g. Top-level assembly A has reference to assembly B with copylocal =true, but assembly B has reference to assembly C with copylocal =false. Most likely assembly C will be missing on runtime and will cause errors E.g. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/602765/when-should-copy-local-be-set-to-true-and-when-should-it-not?lq=1Copy local is important for deployment scenarios and tools. As a general rule you should use CopyLocal=True and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/602765/when-should-copy-local-be-set-to-true-and-when-should-it-not?lq=1 Unfortunately there are some quirks and CopyLocal won't necessary work as expected for assembly references in secondary assemblies structured as shown below.MainApp.exe MyLibrary.dll ThirdPartyLibrary.dll (if in the GAC CopyLocal won't copy to MainApp bin folder)This makes xcopy deployments difficult . .Reflection called DLLs  dependencies:  set copy local = true.E.g user can see error "ISystem.Reflection.ReflectionTypeLoadException: Unable to load one or more of the requested types. Retrieve the LoaderExceptions property for more information."The fix for the issue is recommended in http://stackoverflow.com/a/6200173/52277"I solved this issue by setting the Copy Local attribute of my project's references to true."In general, the problems with investigation of deployment issues may overweight the benefits of reduced build time. Setting the Copy Local to false without considering deployment issues is not a good idea.

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• teamviewer in "client only" mode

  - by Tommy

  I have a remote PC with the teamviewer on it. I want to use my local teamviewer installation only for connecting to that remote PC, and I don't want any services (teamviewerd) running on my local Ubuntu 14.04. I've tried to disable the service by doing sudo teamviewer --daemon disable but after that I'm not able to connect to the remote PC, because teamviewer reports an error "The Teamviewer daemon is not running!" on start, and I'm not able to access the gui. Is there a way to connect to the remote PC with teamviewer with no teamviewerd running?

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• Copying content on webpages in safari. To HTML

  - by Carl Smith

  Hi, is there an easier way to copy and paste website content in html? Want to copy and look like this. Product Information: Length: S / M / L Material: Polyester and Elasthane Brand: Roxana Exclusive Style: Basque But when i paste it into my content box it looks like this- Product Information Length: S / M / L Material: Polyester and Elasthane Brand: Roxana Exclusive Style: Basque Then i need to edit it in the html editor to rearrange it. Is the some sort of app or plugin that i can get so i can turn the text of the page into html so it looks right straight away when i copy it into my content box? If that makes any sense? Thanks Carl Smith :-)

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• How can we copy the data of the datacolumn of the datatable to another datatable ?

  - by Harikrishna

  How can we copy one datacolumn with data from one datatable to another datatable ? I have datatable like DataTable datatable1=new DataTable(); and there are four columns in that table but I want only one column.So I am doing like DataTable datatable2=new DataTable(); addressAndPhones2.Columns.Add(addressAndPhones.Columns[0].ColumnName,addressAndPhones.Columns[0].DataType,addressAndPhones.Columns[0].Expression); but this just adds the column but I want to copy the data for that column to the datatable2.That is I want to copy the datacolumn with data from one datatable to another datatable.

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• How do I compare the md5sum of a file with the md5 file (that was available to download with the file)?

  - by user91583

  Images are available for a distro on http://livedistro.org/gnulinux/israel-remix-team-mint-12. I want to use the 32-bit version. I have downloaded the ISO file for the 32-bit version (customdist.iso). I have downloaded the md5 file for the ISO file (customdist.iso.md5). I want to calculate the md5sum of the ISO file and compare it to the md5 file. I can use the md5sum command to display within the terminal the calculated md5 for the ISO file. I have searched the web and can't find a way to compare the calculated md5 for the ISO file with the downloaded md5 file. So far, the closest I have come is the command md5sum -c customdist.iso.md5 from within the folder containing both the files, but this command gives the result: md5sum: customdist.iso.md5: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found Any ideas?

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• Win a copy of ANTS Memory Profiler!

  - by Bart Read

  Tell us about your experiences dealing with memory issues in .NET, and you stand a chance of winning a copy of the best memory profiler out there....(read more)

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• Am I copy/paste programmer ?

  - by Searock

  When ever I am stuck with a particular problem, I search for a solution in Google. And then I try to understand the code and tweak it according to my requirement. For example recently I had asked a question Reading xml document in firefox in stack overflow. Soufiane Hassou gave me a link to w3schools, where I found a example on parsing xml document, I understood how the example works, but I copied the code and tweaked it according to my requirement, since I don't like typing much. So does this make me a copy/paste programmer? How do you say if a person is a copy/paste programmer ? Thanks.

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• Utility or technique for swapping files quickly in Windows

  - by foraidt

  I frequently need to swap one file with another, without overwriting the original. Let's say there are two files, foo_new.dll and foo.dll. I usually rename them the follwing way: foo.dll - foo_old.dll, foo_new.dll - foo.dll, [do something with replaced file], foo.dll - foo_new.dll, foo_old.dll - foo.dll. This is ok for a single file to swap but it becomes tedious when swapping multiple files at once. Is there a Windows (7 and preferrably XP) utility or a technique that simplifies this task and works well when swapping multiple files? I'd prefer to be able to use it from within FreeCommander but Windows Explorer would be ok, too.

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• SSH'ing to my machine attaches an existing screen session and detaching it ends my SSH session

  - by jsplaine

  ssh'ing to my Ubuntu machine automatically attaches an existing screen session and detaching ends my ssh session What I want is to be able to ssh to my Ubuntu machine without automatically attaching to the screen session on that machine. Or at least, I should be able to to detach from that screen session w/o ending my ssh session .. right? Doesn't seem to work. This so that I can attempt to run firefox --display <whichever one is being forwarded to my ssh session>, so that I can debug a website that the remote Ubuntu machine is running (via localhost). Best case scenario is that I could just remote-desktop to my Ubuntu machine. But it's not set up to allow remote-desktop, and I see no way to set it up remotely via shell/ssh. Also, it sounds like you need a static IP in order to remote desktop to an Ubuntu machine (so I keep reading).

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• Copy all bridge traffic to a specific interface

  - by Azendale

  I have a bridge/switch set up an a machine that has multiple ports. Occasionally, I have a vm running through virtualbox, and I'll have it use a virtual adapter and then I add the adapter to the bridge. I have heard that some switches can copy all the traffic they see to a specific port on the bridge, usually for network monitoring. I would like to be able to run some windows based network tools. I do not want to run Windows on the actual hardware, because it would be lots of work to duplicate my setup in windows, so I was thinking if I can copy all traffic to a port, I can send it to a VM with windows. How can I set this up? I think this might be ebtables area, but I don't know ebtables well enough to know for sure, and it always seems like (from my understanding of ebtables) ebtables does something with the traffic (drop, accept, etc), but never copies it.

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• Connecting to an Amazon AWS database [closed]

  - by Adel

  so I'm a bit overwhelmed/bewildered by the whole concept of networking/remote-desktop , etc. The context is that - in my company I need to access a remote database. The standard way I use is to first connect using a VPN-Client( called Shrew Soft Access manager), then once that says: "network device configured tunnel enabled" I'm good to connect using windows "Remote Desktop Connection" . But now our company set up an Amazon AWS database, and I'm told I need to connect, and I ony need to use RDP. So I tried the standard windows one - but it doesn't work. On wikipedia , I looked up remote desktop sftware and downloaded one called VNC Viewer. but it doesn't work. Any advice/tips/comments appreciated EDIT: YAYA! I finally got a little more connected . I had to use my username as a fully qualified name: Computer: XYZ.XYZ.XYZ.XYZ USERNAME: XYZ.XYZ.XYZ.XYZ\aazzam

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• Emacs editor copy and deletion

  - by Null pointer

  I am a huge fan of emacs.. But even after 1 year of practising on emacs I am unable to solve these three annoying issues about emacs please help me! 1.Whenever I want to copy the content from emacs into other things such as a website textarea I have to use GUI copy button because ctrl+w doesn't work. Is there any way to do this from emacs-command line. 2.Whenever I delete something using ctrl+shft+SPC or ctrl+k etc I don't want it to be stored in kill ring how do I do it(I know ctrl+D does this but it deletes only one char at a time)? 3.Whenever I select text by mouse and press backspace then text goes into kill ring(Which I want to change as mentioned) but same doesn't happen when I select text with ctrl+SPC(set mark) and then ctrl+f/ctrl+b etc. Please help me! Thanks in Advanced!

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• elffile: ELF Specific File Identification Utility

  - by user9154181

  Solaris 11 has a new standard user level command, /usr/bin/elffile. elffile is a variant of the file utility that is focused exclusively on linker related files: ELF objects, archives, and runtime linker configuration files. All other files are simply identified as "non-ELF". The primary advantage of elffile over the existing file utility is in the area of archives — elffile examines the archive members and can produce a summary of the contents, or per-member details. The impetus to add elffile to Solaris came from the effort to extend the format of Solaris archives so that they could grow beyond their previous 32-bit file limits. That work introduced a new archive symbol table format. Now that there was more than one possible format, I thought it would be useful if the file utility could identify which format a given archive is using, leading me to extend the file utility: % cc -c ~/hello.c % ar r foo.a hello.o % file foo.a foo.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table % ar r -S foo.a hello.o % file foo.a foo.a: current ar archive, 64-bit symbol table In turn, this caused me to think about all the things that I would like the file utility to be able to tell me about an archive. In particular, I'd like to be able to know what's inside without having to unpack it. The end result of that train of thought was elffile. Much of the discussion in this article is adapted from the PSARC case I filed for elffile in December 2010: PSARC 2010/432 elffile Why file Is No Good For Archives And Yet Should Not Be Fixed The standard /usr/bin/file utility is not very useful when applied to archives. When identifying an archive, a user typically wants to know 2 things: Is this an archive? Presupposing that the archive contains objects, which is by far the most common use for archives, what platform are the objects for? Are they for sparc or x86? 32 or 64-bit? Some confusing combination from varying platforms? The file utility provides a quick answer to question (1), as it identifies all archives as "current ar archive". It does nothing to answer the more interesting question (2). To answer that question, requires a multi-step process: Extract all archive members Use the file utility on the extracted files, examine the output for each file in turn, and compare the results to generate a suitable summary description. Remove the extracted files It should be easier and more efficient to answer such an obvious question. It would be reasonable to extend the file utility to examine archive contents in place and produce a description. However, there are several reasons why I decided not to do so: The correct design for this feature within the file utility would have file examine each archive member in turn, applying its full abilities to each member. This would be elegant, but also represents a rather dramatic redesign and re-implementation of file. Archives nearly always contain nothing but ELF objects for a single platform, so such generality in the file utility would be of little practical benefit. It is best to avoid adding new options to standard utilities for which other implementations of interest exist. In the case of the file utility, one concern is that we might add an option which later appears in the GNU version of file with a different and incompatible meaning. Indeed, there have been discussions about replacing the Solaris file with the GNU version in the past. This may or may not be desirable, and may or may not ever happen. Either way, I don't want to preclude it. Examining archive members is an O(n) operation, and can be relatively slow with large archives. The file utility is supposed to be a very fast operation. I decided that extending file in this way is overkill, and that an investment in the file utility for better archive support would not be worth the cost. A solution that is more narrowly focused on ELF and other linker related files is really all that we need. The necessary code for doing this already exists within libelf. All that is missing is a small user-level wrapper to make that functionality available at the command line. In that vein, I considered adding an option for this to the elfdump utility. I examined elfdump carefully, and even wrote a prototype implementation. The added code is small and simple, but the conceptual fit with the rest of elfdump is poor. The result complicates elfdump syntax and documentation, definite signs that this functionality does not belong there. And so, I added this functionality as a new user level command. The elffile Command The syntax for this new command is elffile [-s basic | detail | summary] filename... Please see the elffile(1) manpage for additional details. To demonstrate how output from elffile looks, I will use the following files: FileDescription configA runtime linker configuration file produced with crle dwarf.oAn ELF object /etc/passwdA text file mixed.aArchive containing a mixture of ELF and non-ELF members mixed_elf.aArchive containing ELF objects for different machines not_elf.aArchive containing no ELF objects same_elf.aArchive containing a collection of ELF objects for the same machine. This is the most common type of archive. The file utility identifies these files as follows: % file config dwarf.o /etc/passwd mixed.a mixed_elf.a not_elf.a same_elf.a config: Runtime Linking Configuration 64-bit MSB SPARCV9 dwarf.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 /etc/passwd: ascii text mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table mixed_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table not_elf.a: current ar archive same_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table By default, elffile uses its "summary" output style. This output differs from the output from the file utility in 2 significant ways: Files that are not an ELF object, archive, or runtime linker configuration file are identified as "non-ELF", whereas the file utility attempts further identification for such files. When applied to an archive, the elffile output includes a description of the archive's contents, without requiring member extraction or other additional steps. Applying elffile to the above files: % elffile config dwarf.o /etc/passwd mixed.a mixed_elf.a not_elf.a same_elf.a config: Runtime Linking Configuration 64-bit MSB SPARCV9 dwarf.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 /etc/passwd: non-ELF mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, mixed ELF and non-ELF content mixed_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, mixed ELF content not_elf.a: current ar archive, non-ELF content same_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 The output for same_elf.a is of particular interest: The vast majority of archives contain only ELF objects for a single platform, and in this case, the default output from elffile answers both of the questions about archives posed at the beginning of this discussion, in a single efficient step. This makes elffile considerably more useful than file, within the realm of linker-related files. elffile can produce output in two other styles, "basic", and "detail". The basic style produces output that is the same as that from 'file', for linker-related files. The detail style produces per-member identification of archive contents. This can be useful when the archive contents are not homogeneous ELF object, and more information is desired than the summary output provides: % elffile -s detail mixed.a mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table mixed.a(dwarf.o): ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable 80386 Version 1 mixed.a(main.c): non-ELF content mixed.a(main.o): ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 [SSE]

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