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• belongs_to with a custom class_name not producing proper foreign key in Rails 3

  - by Tony

  I am updating an application to Rails 3 and I am having trouble creating a custom foreign key. I have something like this: class Product < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :owner, :class_name => 'User' ... end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :products ... end class ProductsController < ApplicationController before_filter :authenticate_user! def index @products = current_user.products end end The view: <%- @products.each do |p| -%> <%= p.created_at %><br /> <%- end -%> I get this error in my Rails log: Mysql::Error: Unknown column 'products.user_id' in 'where clause': SELECT `products`.* FROM `products` WHERE (`products`.user_id = 1) It should see the belongs_to :owner and look for a foreign key called owner_id. I even tried explicitly setting the foreign key and that does not work. I also checked lighthouse for a possible Rails 3 bug but no luck.

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• Why Eventmachine Defer slower than Ruby Thread?

  - by allenwei

  I have two scripts which using mechanize to fetch google index page. I assuming Eventmachine will faster than ruby thread, but not. Eventmachine code cost "0.24s user 0.08s system 2% cpu 12.682 total" Ruby Thread code cost "0.22s user 0.08s system 5% cpu 5.167 total " Am I use eventmachine in wrong way? Who can explain it to me, thanks! 1 Eventmachine require 'rubygems' require 'mechanize' require 'eventmachine' trap("INT") {EM.stop} EM.run do num = 0 operation = proc { agent = Mechanize.new sleep 1 agent.get("http://google.com").body.to_s.size } callback = proc { |result| sleep 1 puts result num+=1 EM.stop if num == 9 } 10.times do EventMachine.defer operation, callback end end 2 Ruby Thread require 'rubygems' require 'mechanize' threads = [] 10.times do threads << Thread.new do agent = Mechanize.new sleep 1 puts agent.get("http://google.com").body.to_s.size sleep 1 end end threads.each do |aThread| aThread.join end

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• how do i claim a low-numbered port as non-root the "right way"

  - by qbxk

  I have a script that I want to run as a daemon listening on a low-numbered port (< 1024) Script is in python, though answers in perl are also acceptable. The script is being daemonized using start-stop-daemon in a startup script, which may complicate the answer What I really (think) don't want is to type ps -few and see this process running with a "root" on it's line. How do I do it? ( from my less-than-fully-educated-about-system-calls perspective, I can see 3 avenues, Run the script as root (no --user/--group/--chuid to start-stop-daemon), and have it de-escalate it's user after it claims the port Setuid root on the script (chmod u+s), and run the script as the running user, (via --user/--group/--chuid to start-stop-daemon, the startup script still has to be called as root), in the script, acquire root privileges, claim the port, and then revert back to normal user something else i'm unaware of )

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• Linq to SQL Where clause based on field selected at runtime

  - by robasaurus

  I'm trying to create a simple reusable search using LINQ to SQL. I pass in a list of words entered in a search box. The results are then filtered based on this criteria. private IQueryable<User> BasicNameSearch(IQueryable<User> usersToSearch, ICollection<string> individualWordsFromSearch) { return usersToSearch .Where(user => individualWordsFromSearch.Contains(user.Forename.ToLower()) || individualWordsFromSearch.Contains(user.Surname.ToLower())); } Now I want this same search functionality on a different datasource and want to dynamically select the fields to apply the search to. For instance instead of IQueryable of Users I may have an IQueryable of Cars and instead of firstname and surname the search goes off Make and Model. Basically the goal is to reuse the search logic by dynamically selecting what to search on at runtime.

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• How to Implement Single Sign-On between Websites

  - by hmloo

  Introduction Single sign-on (SSO) is a way to control access to multiple related but independent systems, a user only needs to log in once and gains access to all other systems. a lot of commercial systems that provide Single sign-on solution and you can also choose some open source solutions like Opensso, CAS etc. both of them use centralized authentication and provide more robust authentication mechanism, but if each system has its own authentication mechanism, how do we provide a seamless transition between them. Here I will show you the case. How it Works The method we’ll use is based on a secret key shared between the sites. Origin site has a method to build up a hashed authentication token with some other parameters and redirect the user to the target site. variables Status Description ssoEncode required hash(ssoSharedSecret + , + ssoTime + , + ssoUserName) ssoTime required timestamp with format YYYYMMDDHHMMSS used to prevent playback attacks ssoUserName required unique username; required when a user is logged in Note : The variables will be sent via POST for security reasons Building a Single Sign-On Solution Origin Site has function to 1. Create the URL for your Request. 2. Generate required authentication parameters 3. Redirect to target site. using System; using System.Web.Security; using System.Text; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string postbackUrl = "http://www.targetsite.com/sso.aspx"; string ssoTime = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); string ssoUserName = User.Identity.Name; string ssoSharedSecret = "58ag;ai76"; // get this from config or similar string ssoHash = FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(string.Format("{0},{1},{2}", ssoSharedSecret, ssoTime, ssoUserName), "md5"); string value = string.Format("{0}:{1},{2}", ssoHash,ssoTime, ssoUserName); Response.Clear(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append("<html>"); sb.AppendFormat(@"<body onload='document.forms[""form""].submit()'>"); sb.AppendFormat("<form name='form' action='{0}' method='post'>", postbackUrl); sb.AppendFormat("<input type='hidden' name='t' value='{0}'>", value); sb.Append("</form>"); sb.Append("</body>"); sb.Append("</html>"); Response.Write(sb.ToString()); Response.End(); } } Target Site has function to 1. Get authentication parameters. 2. Validate the parameters with shared secret. 3. If the user is valid, then do authenticate and redirect to target page. 4. If the user is invalid, then show errors and return. using System; using System.Web.Security; using System.Text; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { Response.Redirect("~/Default.aspx"); } } if (Request.Params.Get("t") != null) { string ticket = Request.Params.Get("t"); char[] delimiters = new char[] { ':', ',' }; string[] ssoVariable = ticket.Split(delimiters, StringSplitOptions.None); string ssoHash = ssoVariable[0]; string ssoTime = ssoVariable[1]; string ssoUserName = ssoVariable[2]; DateTime appTime = DateTime.MinValue; int offsetTime = 60; // get this from config or similar try { appTime = DateTime.ParseExact(ssoTime, "yyyyMMddHHmmss", null); } catch { //show error return; } if (Math.Abs(appTime.Subtract(DateTime.Now).TotalSeconds) > offsetTime) { //show error return; } bool isValid = false; string ssoSharedSecret = "58ag;ai76"; // get this from config or similar string hash = FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(string.Format("{0},{1},{2}", ssoSharedSecret, ssoTime, ssoUserName), "md5"); if (string.Compare(ssoHash, hash, true) == 0) { if (Math.Abs(appTime.Subtract(DateTime.Now).TotalSeconds) > offsetTime) { //show error return; } else { isValid = true; } } if (isValid) { //Do authenticate; } else { //show error return; } } else { //show error } } } Summary This is a very simple and basic SSO solution, and its main advantage is its simplicity, only needs to add a single page to do SSO authentication, do not need to modify the existing system infrastructure.

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• Batch update records in Grails

  - by UltraVi01

  I have to calculate a "total" for each user based on individual actions -- that is, a User hasMany Actions and each Action has a point. So I need to basically get a sum of all the points on all the actions. Actions are added and subtracted regularly. Since this can be a rather heavy operation, it's not feasible that I execute the "total" each time I need it. Therefore, I am thinking of running the operation once a day for each user and storing the total points on the User as an int. Because I have thousands of users, I am trying to figure out the best way to do this. Should I basically iterate through all the users and call User.save() each time, or is there some kind of batch update mechanism I can use in Grails / GORM?

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• Metrics - A little knowledge can be a dangerous thing (or 'Why you're not clever enough to interpret metrics data')

  - by Jason Crease

  At RedGate Software, I work on a .NET obfuscator  called SmartAssembly.  Various features of it use a database to store various things (exception reports, name-mappings, etc.) The user is given the option of using either a SQL-Server database (which requires them to have Microsoft SQL Server), or a Microsoft Access MDB file (which requires nothing). MDB is the default option, but power-users soon switch to using a SQL Server database because it offers better performance and data-sharing. In the fashionable spirit of optimization and metrics, an obvious product-management question is 'Which is the most popular? SQL Server or MDB?' We've collected data about this fact, using our 'Feature-Usage-Reporting' technology (available as part of SmartAssembly) and more recently our 'Application Metrics' technology: Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 28 19.0 8115 8115 MDB 114 77.6 1449 1449 (As a disclaimer, please note than SmartAssembly has far more than 132 users . This data is just a selection of one build) So, it would appear that SQL-Server is used by fewer users, but more often. Great. But here's why these numbers are useless to me: Only the original developers understand the data What does a single 'usage' of 'MDB' mean? Does this happen once per run? Once per option change? On clicking the 'Obfuscate Now' button? When running the command-line version or just from the UI version? Each question could skew the data 10-fold either way, and the answers only known by the developer that instrumented the application in the first place. In other words, only the original developer can interpret the data - product-managers cannot interpret the data unaided. Most of the data is from uninterested users About half of people who download and run a free-trial from the internet quit it almost immediately. Only a small fraction use it sufficiently to make informed choices. Since the MDB option is the default one, we don't know how many of those 114 were people CHOOSING to use the MDB, or how many were JUST HAPPENING to use this MDB default for their 20-second trial. This is a problem we see across all our metrics: Are people are using X because it's the default or are they using X because they want to use X? We need to segment the data further - asking what percentage of each percentage meet our criteria for an 'established user' or 'informed user'. You end up spending hours writing sophisticated and dubious SQL queries to segment the data further. Not fun. You can't find out why they used this feature Metrics can answer the when and what, but not the why. Why did people use feature X? If you're anything like me, you often click on random buttons in unfamiliar applications just to explore the feature-set. If we listened uncritically to metrics at RedGate, we would eliminate the most-important and more-complex features which people actually buy the software for, leaving just big buttons on the main page and the About-Box. "Ah, that's interesting!" rather than "Ah, that's actionable!" People do love data. Did you know you eat 1201 chickens in a lifetime? But just 4 cows? Interesting, but useless. Often metrics give you a nice number: '5.8% of users have 3 or more monitors' . But unless the statistic is both SUPRISING and ACTIONABLE, it's useless. Most metrics are collected, reviewed with lots of cooing. and then forgotten. Unless a piece-of-data could change things, it's useless collecting it. People get obsessed with significance levels The first things that lots of people do with this data is do a t-test to get a significance level ("Hey! We know with 99.64% confidence that people prefer SQL Server to MDBs!") Believe me: other causes of error/misinterpretation in your data are FAR more significant than your t-test could ever comprehend. Confirmation bias prevents objectivity If the data appears to match our instinct, we feel satisfied and move on. If it doesn't, we suspect the data and dig deeper, plummeting down a rabbit-hole of segmentation and filtering until we give-up and move-on. Data is only useful if it can change our preconceptions. Do you trust this dodgy data more than your own understanding, knowledge and intelligence?  I don't. There's always multiple plausible ways to interpret/action any data Let's say we segment the above data, and get this data: Post-trial users (i.e. those using a paid version after the 14-day free-trial is over): Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 13 9.0 1115 1115 MDB 5 4.2 449 449 Trial users: Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 15 10.0 7000 7000 MDB 114 77.6 1000 1000 How do you interpret this data? It's one of: Mostly SQL Server users buy our software. People who can't afford SQL Server tend to be unable to afford or unwilling to buy our software. Therefore, ditch MDB-support. Our MDB support is so poor and buggy that our massive MDB user-base doesn't buy it.  Therefore, spend loads of money improving it, and think about ditching SQL-Server support. People 'graduate' naturally from MDB to SQL Server as they use the software more. Things are fine the way they are. We're marketing the tool wrong. The large number of MDB users represent uninformed downloaders. Tell marketing to aggressively target SQL Server users. To choose an interpretation you need to segment again. And again. And again, and again. Opting-out is correlated with feature-usage Metrics tends to be opt-in. This skews the data even further. Between 5% and 30% of people choose to opt-in to metrics (often called 'customer improvement program' or something like that). Casual trial-users who are uninterested in your product or company are less likely to opt-in. This group is probably also likely to be MDB users. How much does this skew your data by? Who knows? It's not all doom and gloom. There are some things metrics can answer well. Environment facts. How many people have 3 monitors? Have Windows 7? Have .NET 4 installed? Have Japanese Windows? Minor optimizations.  Is the text-box big enough for average user-input? Performance data. How long does our app take to start? How many databases does the average user have on their server? As you can see, questions about who-the-user-is rather than what-the-user-does are easier to answer and action. Conclusion Use SmartAssembly. If not for the metrics (called 'Feature-Usage-Reporting'), then at least for the obfuscation/error-reporting. Data raises more questions than it answers. Questions about environment are the easiest to answer.

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• Object reference error even when object is not null

  - by Shrewd Demon

  hi, i have an application wherein i have incorporate a "Remember Me" feature for the login screen. I do this by creating a cookie when the user logs in for the first time, so next time when the user visits the site i get the cookie and load the user information. i have written the code for loading user information in a common class in the App_Code folder...and all my pages inherit from this class. code for loading the user info is as follows: public static void LoadUserDetails(string emailId) { UsersEnt currentUser = UsersBL.LoadUserInfo(emailId); if (currentUser != null) HttpContext.Current.Session["CurrentUser"] = currentUser; } Now the problem is i get an "Object reference" error when i try to store the currentUser object in the session variable (even though the currentUser object is not null). However the password property in the currentUser object is null. Am i getting the error because of this...or is there some other reason?? thank you

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• Extending existing Class in Symfony

  - by Dar Hamid

  I am new to symfony. I have created a registration form using the code: $user = new Register(); $form = $this->createForm(new RegisterType(), $user); In the RegisterType class i have 5 fields (for example).I store the values in database when the user registers with the system. Now I display the EDIT page using following code: $user = $em->getRepository('MysiteUserBundle:Register')->find($id); $form = $this->createForm(new RegisterType(), $user); The problem with the EDIT code however is that it displays me all of the fields mentioned in RegisterType class.Is it possible to display only some fields. If yes how can this be achieved. Any help will be appreciated

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• What does ruby include when it encounters the "include module" statement?

  - by Steve Weet

  If I have the following project structure project/ lib/ subproject/ a.rb b.rb lib.rb where lib.rb looks like this :- module subproject def foo do_some_stuff end end and a.rb and b.rb both need to mixin some methods within lib.rb and are both namespaced within a module like so :- require 'subproject/lib' module subproject class A include Subproject def initialize() foo() end end end What does ruby do when it encounters the include statement? How does it know that I want to only include the mixin from lib.rb rather than the whole module which includes both class A and class B, is this based purely on the require of subproject/lib or am I getting it wrong and it is including the whole of the module, including the definitions of Class A and B within themselves?

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• How to map to tables in database PHPMyAdmin

  - by thegrede

  I'm working now on a project which a user can save their own coupon codes on the websites, so I want to know what is the best to do that, Lets say, I have 1 table with the users, like this, userId | firstName | lastName | codeId and then I have a table of the coupon codes, like this, codeId | codeNumber So what I can do is to connect the codeId to userId so when someone saves the coupons goes the codeId from the coupon table into the codeId of the users table, But now what if when a user have multiple coupons what do I do it should be connected to the user? I have 2 options what to do, Option 1, Saving the codeId from coupons table into the codeId of users table like 1,2,3,4,5, Option 2 To make a new row into the coupons table and to connect the user to the code with adding another field in the coupon table userId and putting into it the user which has added the coupon his userId of the users table, So what of the two options is better to do? Thanks you guys.

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• Code Analysis Error: Declare types in namespaces

  - by George

  Is VS2010, I analyzed my code and got this error: Warning 64 CA1050 : Microsoft.Design : 'ApplicationVariables' should be declared inside a namespace. C:\My\Code\BESI\BESI\App_Code\ApplicationVariables.vb 10 C:\...\BESI\ Here is some reference info on the error. Essentially, I tried to create a class to be used to access data in the Application object in a typed way. The warning message said unless I put my (ApplicationVariables) class in a Namespace, that I wouldn't be able to use it. But I am using it, so what gives? Also, here is a link to another StackOverflow article that talks about how to disable this warning in VS2008, but how would you disable it for 2010? There is no GlobalSuppressions.vb file for VS2010. Here is the code it is complaining a bout: Public Class ApplicationVariables 'Shared Sub New() 'End Sub 'New Public Shared Property PaymentMethods() As PaymentMethods Get Return CType(HttpContext.Current.Application.Item("PaymentMethods"), PaymentMethods) End Get Set(ByVal value As PaymentMethods) HttpContext.Current.Application.Item("PaymentMethods") = value End Set End Property 'Etc, Etc... End Class

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• Does Hibernate's GenericGenerator cause update and saveOrUpdate to always insert instead of update?

  - by Derek Mahar

  When using GenericGenerator to generate unique identifiers, do Hibernate session methods update() and saveOrUpdate() always insert instead of update table rows, even when the given object has an existing identifier (where the identifier is also the table primary key)? Is this the correct behaviour? public class User { private String id; private String name; public User(String id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } @GenericGenerator(name="generator", strategy="guid")@Id @GeneratedValue(generator="generator") @Column(name="USER_ID", unique=true, nullable=false) public String getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } @Column(name="USER_NAME", nullable=false, length=20) public String getUserName() { return this.userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } } class UserDao extends AbstractDaoHibernate { public void updateUser(final User user) { HibernateTemplate ht = getHibernateTemplate(); ht.saveOrUpdate(user); } }

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• What does this do and why does it require a transaction?

  - by S. Palin

  What does the following code example do and why does it require a transaction? // PersistenceManager pm = ...; Transaction tx = pm.currentTransaction(); User user = userService.currentUser(); List<Account> accounts = new ArrayList<Account>(); try { tx.begin(); Query query = pm.newQuery("select from Customer " + "where user == userParam " + "parameters User userParam"); List<Customer> customers = (List<Customer>) query.execute(user); query = pm.newQuery("select from Account " + "where parent-pk == keyParam " + "parameters Key keyParam"); for (Customer customer : customers) { accounts.addAll((List<Account>) query.execute(customer.key)); } } finally { if (tx.isActive()) { tx.rollback(); } }

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• Rails: Accessing the username/password used for HTTP Basic Auth?

  - by Shpigford

  I'm building a basic API where user information can be retrieved after that user's login and password are correctly sent. Right now I'm using something like this: http://foo:[email protected]/api/user.xml So, what I need to do is access the user/password sent in the request (the foo and bar) but am not sure how to access that info in a Rails controller. Then I'd check those variables via a quick User.find and then set those as the username and password variables for authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic. It's possible I'm looking at this at the completely wrong way, but that's where I'm at right now. :)

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• implement button click in html

  - by vbNewbie

  I have been trying to execute a button event in html page that displays additional content on the web page. I am getting a null reference error when using the getelementbyid and not sure how to change this. Here is the html reference I need to engage: <div class="button" style="float:none;width:180px;margin:20px auto 30px;"><a href="#" id="more" style="width:178px">Show more ?</a></div> </div> and here is my code: Dim wb As New WebBrowser wb.Navigate(fromUrl) While wb.ReadyState <> WebBrowserReadyState.Complete Application.DoEvents() End While Debug.Write(wb.DocumentText) Dim htmlElements As HtmlElementCollection = wb.Document.GetElementsByTagName("<a") If Not wb.Document Is Nothing Then Try If wb.DocumentText.Contains("more") Then If wb.Document.GetElementById("more").GetAttribute("href") Then wb.Document.GetElementById("more").InvokeMember("#") End If End If Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString) End Try End If I appreciate any ideas.

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• Constructing T-SQL WHERE condition at runtime

  - by Nickson

  I would like to implement a search function where a user passes all the arguments to the "WHERE" clause at runtime. For example in query below, SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4 FROM MyTable WHERE Col2 = John 1.Now what i want is to give the user a dropdownlist of columnns such that the user selects a column to search by at runtime Also instead of precoding Col2 = John, i want the user to choose their own operator at runtime(such as choosing between =, <, <, <, LIKE, IN) i basically want to contruct a query like SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Col4 FROM MyTable WHERE (@FieldToSearchBy e.g Col3, @OperatorToUserInSearach e.g LIKE, @ValueToSearch e.g John) I want to pass @FieldToSearchBy, @OperatorToUserInSearach, @ValueToSearch) as user specified parameters at runtime I want to do this with a TableAdpter like in this example http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/TableAdapter.aspx

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• SharePoint - DIP problem on local copies downloaded from the portal

  - by user255234

  Our users have issues where the Document Information Panel(DIP) appears on Word, Excel, PPT documents. Here is the scenario: User downloads a copy of a template from the portal to his/her local hard drive. User edits that template and renames the file, again saving it to his/her local drive. User continues to edit and update that new document, and it continues to prompt him/her for document information as if the user was saving it on the portal. User clicks the “X” to remove this DIP bar, the next time he/she opens the local file it comes back. Is there anything I can do to make the DIP NOT SHOW on the local copies? Thanks!

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• Unusually high dentry cache usage

  - by Wolfgang Stengel

  Problem A CentOS machine with kernel 2.6.32 and 128 GB physical RAM ran into trouble a few days ago. The responsible system administrator tells me that the PHP-FPM application was not responding to requests in a timely manner anymore due to swapping, and having seen in free that almost no memory was left, he chose to reboot the machine. I know that free memory can be a confusing concept on Linux and a reboot perhaps was the wrong thing to do. However, the mentioned administrator blames the PHP application (which I am responsible for) and refuses to investigate further. What I could find out on my own is this: Before the restart, the free memory (incl. buffers and cache) was only a couple of hundred MB. Before the restart, /proc/meminfo reported a Slab memory usage of around 90 GB (yes, GB). After the restart, the free memory was 119 GB, going down to around 100 GB within an hour, as the PHP-FPM workers (about 600 of them) were coming back to life, each of them showing between 30 and 40 MB in the RES column in top (which has been this way for months and is perfectly reasonable given the nature of the PHP application). There is nothing else in the process list that consumes an unusual or noteworthy amount of RAM. After the restart, Slab memory was around 300 MB If have been monitoring the system ever since, and most notably the Slab memory is increasing in a straight line with a rate of about 5 GB per day. Free memory as reported by free and /proc/meminfo decreases at the same rate. Slab is currently at 46 GB. According to slabtop most of it is used for dentry entries: Free memory: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 129048 76435 52612 0 144 7675 -/+ buffers/cache: 68615 60432 Swap: 8191 0 8191 Meminfo: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132145324 kB MemFree: 53620068 kB Buffers: 147760 kB Cached: 8239072 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20300940 kB Inactive: 6512716 kB Active(anon): 18408460 kB Inactive(anon): 24736 kB Active(file): 1892480 kB Inactive(file): 6487980 kB Unevictable: 8608 kB Mlocked: 8608 kB SwapTotal: 8388600 kB SwapFree: 8388600 kB Dirty: 11416 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 18436224 kB Mapped: 94536 kB Shmem: 6364 kB Slab: 46240380 kB SReclaimable: 44561644 kB SUnreclaim: 1678736 kB KernelStack: 9336 kB PageTables: 457516 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 72364108 kB Committed_AS: 22305444 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 480164 kB VmallocChunk: 34290830848 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 12216320 kB HugePages_Total: 2048 HugePages_Free: 2048 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 5604 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB DirectMap1G: 132120576 kB Slabtop: slabtop --once Active / Total Objects (% used) : 225920064 / 226193412 (99.9%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 11556364 / 11556415 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 110 / 194 (56.7%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 43278793.73K / 43315465.42K (99.9%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.19K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 221416340 221416039 3% 0.19K 11070817 20 44283268K dentry 1123443 1122739 99% 0.41K 124827 9 499308K fuse_request 1122320 1122180 99% 0.75K 224464 5 897856K fuse_inode 761539 754272 99% 0.20K 40081 19 160324K vm_area_struct 437858 223259 50% 0.10K 11834 37 47336K buffer_head 353353 347519 98% 0.05K 4589 77 18356K anon_vma_chain 325090 324190 99% 0.06K 5510 59 22040K size-64 146272 145422 99% 0.03K 1306 112 5224K size-32 137625 137614 99% 1.02K 45875 3 183500K nfs_inode_cache 128800 118407 91% 0.04K 1400 92 5600K anon_vma 59101 46853 79% 0.55K 8443 7 33772K radix_tree_node 52620 52009 98% 0.12K 1754 30 7016K size-128 19359 19253 99% 0.14K 717 27 2868K sysfs_dir_cache 10240 7746 75% 0.19K 512 20 2048K filp VFS cache pressure: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 125 Swappiness: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 0 I know that unused memory is wasted memory, so this should not necessarily be a bad thing (especially given that 44 GB are shown as SReclaimable). However, apparently the machine experienced problems nonetheless, and I'm afraid the same will happen again in a few days when Slab surpasses 90 GB. Questions I have these questions: Am I correct in thinking that the Slab memory is always physical RAM, and the number is already subtracted from the MemFree value? Is such a high number of dentry entries normal? The PHP application has access to around 1.5 M files, however most of them are archives and not being accessed at all for regular web traffic. What could be an explanation for the fact that the number of cached inodes is much lower than the number of cached dentries, should they not be related somehow? If the system runs into memory trouble, should the kernel not free some of the dentries automatically? What could be a reason that this does not happen? Is there any way to "look into" the dentry cache to see what all this memory is (i.e. what are the paths that are being cached)? Perhaps this points to some kind of memory leak, symlink loop, or indeed to something the PHP application is doing wrong. The PHP application code as well as all asset files are mounted via GlusterFS network file system, could that have something to do with it? Please keep in mind that I can not investigate as root, only as a regular user, and that the administrator refuses to help. He won't even run the typical echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches test to see if the Slab memory is indeed reclaimable. Any insights into what could be going on and how I can investigate any further would be greatly appreciated. Updates Some further diagnostic information: Mounts: cat /proc/self/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 tmpfs /wsdltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol /var/www fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol /var/upload fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 172.17.39.78:/www /data/www nfs rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 0 0 Mount info: cat /proc/self/mountinfo 16 21 0:3 / /proc rw,relatime - proc proc rw 17 21 0:0 / /sys rw,relatime - sysfs sysfs rw 18 21 0:5 / /dev rw,relatime - devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 19 18 0:11 / /dev/pts rw,relatime - devpts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 20 18 0:16 / /dev/shm rw,relatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw 21 1 253:1 / / rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 22 16 0:15 / /proc/bus/usb rw,relatime - usbfs /proc/bus/usb rw 23 21 8:1 / /boot rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/sda1 rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 24 21 0:17 / /phptmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 25 21 0:18 / /wsdltmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 26 16 0:19 / /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc rw,relatime - binfmt_misc none rw 27 21 0:20 / /cgroup/cpuset rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuset 28 21 0:21 / /cgroup/cpu rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpu 29 21 0:22 / /cgroup/cpuacct rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuacct 30 21 0:23 / /cgroup/memory rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,memory 31 21 0:24 / /cgroup/devices rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,devices 32 21 0:25 / /cgroup/freezer rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,freezer 33 21 0:26 / /cgroup/net_cls rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,net_cls 34 21 0:27 / /cgroup/blkio rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,blkio 35 21 0:28 / /var/www rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 36 21 0:29 / /var/upload rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 37 21 0:30 / /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rw,relatime - rpc_pipefs sunrpc rw 39 21 0:31 / /data/www rw,relatime - nfs 172.17.39.78:/www rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 GlusterFS config: cat /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol volume remote1 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.71 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote2 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.72 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote3 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.73 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote4 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.74 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume replicate1 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote1 remote2 end-volume volume replicate2 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote3 remote4 end-volume volume distribute type cluster/distribute subvolumes replicate1 replicate2 end-volume volume iocache type performance/io-cache option cache-size 8192MB # default is 32MB subvolumes distribute end-volume volume writeback type performance/write-behind option cache-size 1024MB option window-size 1MB subvolumes iocache end-volume ### Add io-threads for parallel requisitions volume iothreads type performance/io-threads option thread-count 64 # default is 16 subvolumes writeback end-volume volume ra type performance/read-ahead option page-size 2MB option page-count 16 option force-atime-update no subvolumes iothreads end-volume

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• GROUP BY as a way to pick the first row from a group of similar rows, is this correct, is there any

  - by FipS

  I have a table which stores test results like this: user | score | time -----+-------+------ aaa | 90% | 10:30 bbb | 50% | 9:15 *** aaa | 85% | 10:15 aaa | 90% | 11:00 *** ... What I need is to get the top 10 users: user | score | time -----+-------+------ aaa | 90% | 11:00 bbb | 50% | 9:15 ... I've come up with the following SELECT: SELECT * FROM (SELECT user, score, time FROM tests_score ORDER BY user, score DESC, time DESC) t1 GROUP BY user ORDER BY score DESC, time LIMIT 10 It works fine but I'm not quite sure if my use of ORDER BY is the right way to pick the first row of each group of sorted records. Is there any better practice to achieve the same result? (I use MySQL 5)

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• Caching roles in a cookie

  - by AspOnMyNet

  1) a) I assume roles are cached ( by setting Roles.CacheRolesInCookie ) only for current user? b) Besides Roles.GetRolesForUser(_currentUser), are there any other methods that will read role information for current user from role cookie and thus won’t have to connect to the data base? 2) a) I assume that normally role cookie gets updated only when current user is added or removed from the role(s) or when the cookie expires? b) Because role names can be cached apart from the data source, it is possible that changes to role management at the data source would not be reflected in the cached values. In this case, the user must close and re-open their browser to clear the cached cookie value. How exactly could role cookie get cached apart from the data source? 3) If the number of roles cached in a role cookie equals the value of Roles.MaxCachedResults, then I assume when Roles.GetRolesForUser (_currentuser) gets called, it will need to check the DB to see whether user is also a member of any additional roles? thanx

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• File Upload in GWT in a Special Case

  - by Maksud

  I am doing a software for a document system. In this system when a user completes a document and want to save it, the document will be uploaded directly to server without the user action. This system uses COM/ActiveX to facilitate user using native editors. Ok, my problem is: suppose I have a file say d:/notepad.txt. Using classical method a user can browse the file and upload it. I can do that with apache commonio and GWT FormPanel and FileUpload. But if I know the filename (d:/notepad.txt), is there any way to upload the file directly to server without the user having to browse the file. I am currently doing this by the ActiveX componenet calling some HttpUpload methods with POST. But that does not maintain session. Thanks

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• MySQl - update field by counting data in other table

  - by Qiao

  There are two tables. One is users info "users", one is comments info "comments". I need to create new field "comments" in users table, that contains number of comments of that user. Table "comments" has "user" field with user's id of that comment. What is optimal way to count number of comments by every user? With php you should write script that selects every user and than count number of his comments and then update "comments" field. It is not hard for me, but boring. Is it possible to do it without php, only in MySQL?

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• ruby / rails boolean method naming conventions

  - by Dennis

  I have a short question on ruby / rails method naming conventions or good practice. Consider the following methods: # some methods performing some sort of 'action' def action; end def action!; end # some methods checking if performing 'action' is permitted def action?; end def can_action?; end def action_allowed?; end So I wonder, which of the three ampersand-methods would be the "best" way to ask for permissions. I would go with the first one somehow, but in some cases I think this might be confused with meaning has_performed_action?. So the second approach might make that clearer but is also a bit more verbose. The third one is actually just for completeness. I don't really like that one. So are there any commonly agreed-on good practices for that?

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• Save in Sessions to reduce database load

  - by Kovu

  at the moment I try to reduce the load on my database extremly, so I had a look in my website and think about - what database calls can I try to avoid. So is there a rule for that? Sould I save every information in a Session that is nearly never changed? e.g.: The User-Table is a 35-coloumn-table which I need so often in so different ways, that in the moment I got this user-object at nearly every PageLoad AND in the master-site-page-load (Settings, display the username for a welcome message, colors etc etc.). So is that good to avoid the database query here, save the User-Object in a Session and call it from the session - and of course destroy the session whereever the User-Object get changed (e.g. User change his settings)?

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