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  • [javascript]Where are all functions in IE?

    - by user339865
    If i want to take all functions and variables declared in my program in firefox i just iterate 'window' object. For example if i have var a=function() {}; i can use a(); or window.a(); in firefox, but not in IE. I have function iterating window object and writing all function names declared in program like that: for (smthng in window) { document.write(smthng); } works in FF, in IE there are some stuff but nothing i declare before. Any ideas?

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  • Fading between two classes in jquery

    - by Andy
    I would like to be able to fadeout this class <h2 class="care-home-fees"><a title="Care Home Fees" href="#">Text</a></h2> and fade in this <h2 class="care-home-fees-over"><a title="Care Home Fees" href="#">Text</a></h2> Notice there are two separate images Here is my current markup which doesnt seem to work $(document).ready(function(){ $("h2.care-home-fees").hover( function () { $(this).addClass("care-home-fees-over"); }, function () { $(this).removeClass("care-home-fees"); } ); }); and the button printed before any change <h2 class="care-home-fees"><a title="Care Home Fees" href="#">Text</a></h2>

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  • Sum of a matrix, even or odd

    - by user1790201
    This function receives a numeric matrix represented as a list of rows, where each row is in turn a list. Assume that it is a square matrix: all rows have the same length and there are as many rows as elements in each row. Also assume that the matrix is at least of dimension 2 by 2 (i.e. minimally the matrix has 2 rows with 2 elements each) The function should return a list with as many elements as number of rows. Element i in the resulting list should have the sum of the values in row i. For example, if the matrix is 1 2 3 10 20 30 100 200 300 then this function should return the list [6,60,600] That is, addValuesInAllRows( [ [1,2,3], [10,20,30], [100,200,300] ] ) should return [6,60,600] Isn't this sort of similar but how would you sum up the list individually

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  • How can I pass select field ID and its value to ajax without having any form?

    - by user3766078
    I have a select field which has ID name as 'region_code' well as its value. And I want pass ID in ajax. As you can see below, the input field is not included in any form. It has a value and the ID Is it possible to get value in ajax as shown below? echo '<select id="region_code" onchange="show_region_code();">'; $result = mysql_query("SELECT region_code, region_name FROM list_region"); while($rows = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo "<option value=\"$rows[0]\">".$rows["1"].'</option>'; } echo '</select>'; My ajax function as below function show_region_code() { var region_code = $("#region_code").val(); $.ajax ({ type: "POST", url: "show_region_code.php", data: { region_code1: region_code }, success: function(data) { $("#region_code").html(data); } }); }

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  • Does .live() binding work for jQuery in IE7?

    - by Steve
    Hi everyone, I have a piece of javascript which is supposed to latch onto a form which gets introduced via XHR. It looks something like: $(document).ready(function() { $('#myform').live('submit', function() { $(foo).appendTo('#myform'); $(this).ajaxSubmit(function() { alert("HelloWorld"); }); return false; }); }); This happens to work in FF3, but not in IE7. Any idea what the problem is?

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  • Calling a constructor from method within the same class

    - by Nathan
    I'm new to java and I'm learning about creating object classes. One of my homework assignment requires that I call the constructor at least once within a method of the same object class. I'm getting an error that says The method DoubleMatrix(double[][]) is undefined for the type DoubleMatrix Here's my constructor: public DoubleMatrix(double[][] tempArray) { // Declaration int flag = 0; int cnt; // Statement // check to see if doubArray isn't null and has more than 0 rows if(tempArray == null || tempArray.length < 0) { flag++; } // check to see if each row has the same length if(flag == 0) { for(cnt = 0; cnt <= tempArray.length - 1 || flag != 1; cnt++) { if(tempArray[cnt + 1].length != tempArray[0].length) { flag++; } } } else if(flag == 1) { makeDoubMatrix(1, 1);// call makeDoubMatrix method } }// end constructor 2 Here's the method where I try and call the constructor: public double[][] addMatrix(double[][] tempDoub) { // Declaration double[][] newMatrix; int rCnt, cCnt; //Statement // checking to see if both are of same dimension if(doubMatrix.length == tempDoub.length && doubMatrix[0].length == tempDoub[0].length) { newMatrix = new double[doubMatrix.length][doubMatrix[0].length]; // for loop to add matrix to a new one for(rCnt = 0; rCnt <= doubMatrix.length; rCnt++) { for(cCnt = 0; cCnt <= doubMatrix.length; cCnt++) { newMatrix[rCnt][cCnt] = doubMatrix[rCnt][cCnt] + tempDoub[rCnt][cCnt]; } } } else { newMatrix = new double[0][0]; DoubleMatrix(newMatrix) } return newMatrix; }// end addMatrix method Can someone point me to the right direction and explain why I'm getting an error?

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  • how to get the value of an php array in jQuery

    - by user1933824
    i have a PHP code that will obtain the total images of a certain website via CURL, and put it inside an PHP loop. $z=1; for ($i=0;$i<=sizeof($images_array);$i++) { ....<img src = "$images_array[$i]" id="$z"> .. $z++; } a user can then scan through the array with a prev/next button and the current image being shown will be displayed in my $('$current_image').val(1); $.post("curl_fetch.php?url="+ extracted_url, { }, function(response){ $('#loader').html($(response).fadeIn('slow')); $('#current_image').val(1); // insert loop value in .val() when i click a button, i want to get the value of the array, and not the loop value $(function() { $(document).on('click','.submit', function () { var img = $('#current_image').val(); //get the array value, not the loop value alert(img); });}); now, how do i properly get the array value in my $('#current_image').val(1); in Jquery.

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  • PHP] How can I connect to MySQL on wamp server?

    - by user294359
    This might be ridiculously easy for you.. but I've been struggling with this for an hour.. :( <?php $connect = mysql_connect("localhost:8080", "root", "mypassword"); echo($connect);?> This is the code that I'm trying to run - you can see that I'm using 8080 as my port number and, of course, I have html codes as well. However, it gives me the following error msgs whenever I try to open the php file. ==================================================================================== Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: MySQL server has gone away in C:\wamp\www\php_sandbox\index.php on line 2 Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Error while reading greeting packet. PID=4932 in C:\wamp\www\php_sandbox\index.php on line 2 Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: MySQL server has gone away in C:\wamp\www\php_sandbox\index.php on line 2 ===================================================================================== I don't know... what's wrong with this. Is it because of the port number?

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  • How do submit an object to a struts2 action using jQuery?

    - by James Drinkard
    I have an object that I'm populating from a selection off a table row that a user selects. I have a jQuery function that captures the click event and a hidden form field populates an id I need. However, I'm not sure as to the proper way to send off that object to a struts2 action? I tried using this: $(function() { $('#tbl tr').click(function() { var id = $(this).closest('tr').find('input:hidden').val(); var page = "<s:url action='update/deleteInfo.action'/>?model.isDelete=true&model.info.id=id"; console.log(page); window.location.href=(page); }); }); The model object has an isDelete boolean variable and the model has a nested info object that has an id variable with getter/setters. However, when I send this across, the model object isn't populated with these entries. Is there a way to do this or a better way than the url tag?

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  • Why is it possible to have an interface without a return type in PHP?

    - by streetparade
    Why is it possible to create an interface without specifying a return type? Why doesn't this make this interface unusable? This makes it more Clear: Interface run { public function getInteger(); } class MyString implements run { public function myNumber() { } public function getInteger() { return "Not a number"; } } In Java every Interface has a return type like Integer, String or Void I know that PHP is unfortunately a loosely typed Language but isn't there a Solution to that Problem? Is it possible to define an Interface with a return type like Integer?

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  • jQuery extend $.fn and calling method syntax

    - by MBax
    I understand that you call a method like this when you are extending $.fn. ( $ == jQuery ) //$("div").myMethod(); $.fn.extend({ myMethod: function(){...} }); And like this when you extend the jQuery Object: //$.myMethod2(); $.extend({ myMethod2: function(){...} }); But I don't quite understand what the $() is doing here: $().functionName({ something: 'something' }).myMethod(); Does it have to do with the fact the method is being called including the function name? Thanks in advance and hope this makes sense.

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  • How to understand if (name in {}) in javascript?

    - by tiplip
    I encounter a js function snippet, list as follows each = function(obj, fun) { if (typeof fun != "function") { return obj } if (obj) { var return_value; if (obj.length === undefined) { for (var name in obj) { if (name in {}) { // how to undertand this line, what's purpose? continue } return_value = fun.call(obj[name], obj[name], name); if (return_value == "break") { break } } } else { for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) { return_value = fun.call(obj[i], obj[i], i); if (return_value == "break") { break } } } } return obj }; Thanks for your answer:)

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  • JQuery fadeIn, fadeOut div

    - by user2908998
    I have a button ("login_button"). Every time I click the button I want a DIV ("login_cont") to appear. And after, if I click anywhere else on the page I want this DIV disappear again. This is my code $(document).ready(function(){ $('#login_button').click(function(e){ $('#login_cont').fadeIn(); }); $(document).click(function(e){ $('#login_cont').fadeOut(); }); }); This looks good to me (I'm new at this). But. Every time I click on the button, the div appears but then also disappears in less than a second... why and how can I fix it?

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  • Why $(":select").focus does not work while $(":input").focus works?

    - by user605660
    Hi. I have a JQuery code which does something when input or select elements get focus. Although my code for input element works, select element does not work. Here is what I do. <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ $(":input").focus(function () { //this works //do something }); $(":select").focus(function () { //this doesn't //do something }); }); </script> </body> I tried some variation on select, such as using $("select") instead of $(":select"), but did not work either. I am a beginner for JQuery. I appreciate if you could tell me how I can make it work. Thanks a lot!

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  • Jquery to limit the range of input

    - by Sharvari
    I have a text box that takes input as amount..I want to prevent the user from entering Amount greater than a certain amount..I tried using ajax ..but its not working the way i want..I think jquery wud do the needful..but I am not so good at it..If any one can help?? Ajax function that i Have written: function maxIssue(max, input, iid) { var req = getXMLHTTP(); var strURL = "limit_input.php?max=" + max + "&iid=" + iid; if (input > max) { alert("Issue Failed.Quantity Present in Stock is " + max); } if (input < 0) { alert("Issue Failed.Enter positive Value"); } if (req) { req.onreadystatechange = function() { if (req.readyState == 4) { // only if "OK" if (req.status == 200) { document.getElementById('maxdiv').innerHTML = req.responseText; } else { alert("There was a problem while using XMLHTTP:\n" + req.statusText); } } } } req.open("GET", strURL, true); req.send(null); }

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  • Nesting if else statements in PHP to validate a URL

    - by John
    I'm currently writing up a function in order to validate a URL by exploding it into different parts and matching those parts with strings I've defined. This is the function I'm using so far: function validTnet($tnet_url) { $tnet_2 = "defined2"; $tnet_3 = "defined3"; $tnet_5 = "defined5"; $tnet_7 = ""; if($exp_url[2] == $tnet_2) { #show true, proceed to next validation if($exp_url[3] == $tnet_3) { #true, and next if($exp_url[5] == $tnet_5) { #true, and last if($exp_url[7] == $tnet_7) { #true, valid } } } } else { echo "failed on tnet_2"; } } For some reason I'm unable to think of the way to code (or search for the proper term) of how to break out of the if statements that are nested. What I would like to do check each part of the URL, starting with $tnet_2, and if it fails one of the checks ($tnet_2, $tnet_3, $tnet_5 or $tnet_7), output that it fails, and break out of the if statement. Is there an easy way to accomplish this using some of the code I have already?

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  • jQuery Hover/Click event on same DIV (Mobile Devices)

    - by Aaron
    I've written a simple script that displays circles over an image. When you hover over a circle it expands to a tooltip. $('div.tooltip').live({mouseenter:function(e){ ... animate tooltip open; },mouseleave:function(e){ ... animate tooltip closed; }}); When you click on the open tooltip it displays a lightbox with more information. $('div.tooltip').live('click',function(e){ ... open related lightbox }); Everything works as it should, except on mobile devices. When I tap the circle to open the tooltip it fires the click event and completely bypasses the mouseenter/mouseexit events. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated :) Thanks

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  • Run ajaxed javascript

    - by user1905698
    I know this has been covered a few times, but I'm completely a noob when it comes to javascript so I have no idea what I'm doing. I am running a javascript that sends variables to a php file and that info is ajaxed into the current page using innerhtml. Here is that part of the code... `function givingHistory(dyear,did) { var divname="giving" + dyear; $.ajax({ url: 'finance/givinghistory.php', type: 'POST', data: { year: dyear, id: did }, success: function(givedata) { document.getElementById(divname).innerHTML = givedata; } }); } ` In the givedata function response from the php file there is a call to another javascript function that is already loaded in my common .js file (so both javascript functions are loaded when the page loads). How do I get the onClick that is added via innerhtml to work? Inside the php file, I check to see if id = a php session variable. If it does it spits out the text that includes the onClick.

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  • Submit form with our page refresh in Servlet

    - by John
    <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $('.ibutton').click(function() { var ajaxdata=$("#country").val(); var value = "country="+ajaxdata; $.ajax({ url: "saveIt", type: "POST", data: value, cache: false, success: function(data){ alert("load success"); } });return false; }); }); </script> Friends, i followed every thing but its not working, upon submit, am unable to send the servlet request, saveIt is my url pattern,pls help me.

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  • Remove() not working on new elements [duplicate]

    - by user3317470
    This question already has an answer here: In jQuery, how to attach events to dynamic html elements? 9 answers I'm making a simple to do list. It's mostly working and finished. When you click on list elements the object gets removed and you can create new list elements through the text input at the bottom. The only problem is the new list elements can't be removed when you click them for some reason. Here's the code: http://jsfiddle.net/dnhynh/7psqndwL/20/ $(document).ready(function(){ $("li").click(function(){ $(this).remove(); }); $("button").click(function(){ var entry = $("#entry").val(); $("<li></li>", { text: entry }).appendTo("#list ul"); $("#entry").val(""); }); });

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The ConcurrentDictionary

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again we consider some of the lesser known classes and keywords of C#.  In this series of posts, we will discuss how the concurrent collections have been developed to help alleviate these multi-threading concerns.  Last week’s post began with a general introduction and discussed the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T>.  Today's post discusses the ConcurrentDictionary<T> (originally I had intended to discuss ConcurrentBag this week as well, but ConcurrentDictionary had enough information to create a very full post on its own!).  Finally next week, we shall close with a discussion of the ConcurrentBag<T> and BlockingCollection<T>. For more of the "Little Wonders" posts, see the index here. Recap As you'll recall from the previous post, the original collections were object-based containers that accomplished synchronization through a Synchronized member.  While these were convenient because you didn't have to worry about writing your own synchronization logic, they were a bit too finely grained and if you needed to perform multiple operations under one lock, the automatic synchronization didn't buy much. With the advent of .NET 2.0, the original collections were succeeded by the generic collections which are fully type-safe, but eschew automatic synchronization.  This cuts both ways in that you have a lot more control as a developer over when and how fine-grained you want to synchronize, but on the other hand if you just want simple synchronization it creates more work. With .NET 4.0, we get the best of both worlds in generic collections.  A new breed of collections was born called the concurrent collections in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace.  These amazing collections are fine-tuned to have best overall performance for situations requiring concurrent access.  They are not meant to replace the generic collections, but to simply be an alternative to creating your own locking mechanisms. Among those concurrent collections were the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T> which provide classic LIFO and FIFO collections with a concurrent twist.  As we saw, some of the traditional methods that required calls to be made in a certain order (like checking for not IsEmpty before calling Pop()) were replaced in favor of an umbrella operation that combined both under one lock (like TryPop()). Now, let's take a look at the next in our series of concurrent collections!For some excellent information on the performance of the concurrent collections and how they perform compared to a traditional brute-force locking strategy, see this wonderful whitepaper by the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform team here. ConcurrentDictionary – the fully thread-safe dictionary The ConcurrentDictionary<TKey,TValue> is the thread-safe counterpart to the generic Dictionary<TKey, TValue> collection.  Obviously, both are designed for quick – O(1) – lookups of data based on a key.  If you think of algorithms where you need lightning fast lookups of data and don’t care whether the data is maintained in any particular ordering or not, the unsorted dictionaries are generally the best way to go. Note: as a side note, there are sorted implementations of IDictionary, namely SortedDictionary and SortedList which are stored as an ordered tree and a ordered list respectively.  While these are not as fast as the non-sorted dictionaries – they are O(log2 n) – they are a great combination of both speed and ordering -- and still greatly outperform a linear search. Now, once again keep in mind that if all you need to do is load a collection once and then allow multi-threaded reading you do not need any locking.  Examples of this tend to be situations where you load a lookup or translation table once at program start, then keep it in memory for read-only reference.  In such cases locking is completely non-productive. However, most of the time when we need a concurrent dictionary we are interleaving both reads and updates.  This is where the ConcurrentDictionary really shines!  It achieves its thread-safety with no common lock to improve efficiency.  It actually uses a series of locks to provide concurrent updates, and has lockless reads!  This means that the ConcurrentDictionary gets even more efficient the higher the ratio of reads-to-writes you have. ConcurrentDictionary and Dictionary differences For the most part, the ConcurrentDictionary<TKey,TValue> behaves like it’s Dictionary<TKey,TValue> counterpart with a few differences.  Some notable examples of which are: Add() does not exist in the concurrent dictionary. This means you must use TryAdd(), AddOrUpdate(), or GetOrAdd().  It also means that you can’t use a collection initializer with the concurrent dictionary. TryAdd() replaced Add() to attempt atomic, safe adds. Because Add() only succeeds if the item doesn’t already exist, we need an atomic operation to check if the item exists, and if not add it while still under an atomic lock. TryUpdate() was added to attempt atomic, safe updates. If we want to update an item, we must make sure it exists first and that the original value is what we expected it to be.  If all these are true, we can update the item under one atomic step. TryRemove() was added to attempt atomic, safe removes. To safely attempt to remove a value we need to see if the key exists first, this checks for existence and removes under an atomic lock. AddOrUpdate() was added to attempt an thread-safe “upsert”. There are many times where you want to insert into a dictionary if the key doesn’t exist, or update the value if it does.  This allows you to make a thread-safe add-or-update. GetOrAdd() was added to attempt an thread-safe query/insert. Sometimes, you want to query for whether an item exists in the cache, and if it doesn’t insert a starting value for it.  This allows you to get the value if it exists and insert if not. Count, Keys, Values properties take a snapshot of the dictionary. Accessing these properties may interfere with add and update performance and should be used with caution. ToArray() returns a static snapshot of the dictionary. That is, the dictionary is locked, and then copied to an array as a O(n) operation.  GetEnumerator() is thread-safe and efficient, but allows dirty reads. Because reads require no locking, you can safely iterate over the contents of the dictionary.  The only downside is that, depending on timing, you may get dirty reads. Dirty reads during iteration The last point on GetEnumerator() bears some explanation.  Picture a scenario in which you call GetEnumerator() (or iterate using a foreach, etc.) and then, during that iteration the dictionary gets updated.  This may not sound like a big deal, but it can lead to inconsistent results if used incorrectly.  The problem is that items you already iterated over that are updated a split second after don’t show the update, but items that you iterate over that were updated a split second before do show the update.  Thus you may get a combination of items that are “stale” because you iterated before the update, and “fresh” because they were updated after GetEnumerator() but before the iteration reached them. Let’s illustrate with an example, let’s say you load up a concurrent dictionary like this: 1: // load up a dictionary. 2: var dictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>(); 3:  4: dictionary["A"] = 1; 5: dictionary["B"] = 2; 6: dictionary["C"] = 3; 7: dictionary["D"] = 4; 8: dictionary["E"] = 5; 9: dictionary["F"] = 6; Then you have one task (using the wonderful TPL!) to iterate using dirty reads: 1: // attempt iteration in a separate thread 2: var iterationTask = new Task(() => 3: { 4: // iterates using a dirty read 5: foreach (var pair in dictionary) 6: { 7: Console.WriteLine(pair.Key + ":" + pair.Value); 8: } 9: }); And one task to attempt updates in a separate thread (probably): 1: // attempt updates in a separate thread 2: var updateTask = new Task(() => 3: { 4: // iterates, and updates the value by one 5: foreach (var pair in dictionary) 6: { 7: dictionary[pair.Key] = pair.Value + 1; 8: } 9: }); Now that we’ve done this, we can fire up both tasks and wait for them to complete: 1: // start both tasks 2: updateTask.Start(); 3: iterationTask.Start(); 4:  5: // wait for both to complete. 6: Task.WaitAll(updateTask, iterationTask); Now, if I you didn’t know about the dirty reads, you may have expected to see the iteration before the updates (such as A:1, B:2, C:3, D:4, E:5, F:6).  However, because the reads are dirty, we will quite possibly get a combination of some updated, some original.  My own run netted this result: 1: F:6 2: E:6 3: D:5 4: C:4 5: B:3 6: A:2 Note that, of course, iteration is not in order because ConcurrentDictionary, like Dictionary, is unordered.  Also note that both E and F show the value 6.  This is because the output task reached F before the update, but the updates for the rest of the items occurred before their output (probably because console output is very slow, comparatively). If we want to always guarantee that we will get a consistent snapshot to iterate over (that is, at the point we ask for it we see precisely what is in the dictionary and no subsequent updates during iteration), we should iterate over a call to ToArray() instead: 1: // attempt iteration in a separate thread 2: var iterationTask = new Task(() => 3: { 4: // iterates using a dirty read 5: foreach (var pair in dictionary.ToArray()) 6: { 7: Console.WriteLine(pair.Key + ":" + pair.Value); 8: } 9: }); The atomic Try…() methods As you can imagine TryAdd() and TryRemove() have few surprises.  Both first check the existence of the item to determine if it can be added or removed based on whether or not the key currently exists in the dictionary: 1: // try add attempts an add and returns false if it already exists 2: if (dictionary.TryAdd("G", 7)) 3: Console.WriteLine("G did not exist, now inserted with 7"); 4: else 5: Console.WriteLine("G already existed, insert failed."); TryRemove() also has the virtue of returning the value portion of the removed entry matching the given key: 1: // attempt to remove the value, if it exists it is removed and the original is returned 2: int removedValue; 3: if (dictionary.TryRemove("C", out removedValue)) 4: Console.WriteLine("Removed C and its value was " + removedValue); 5: else 6: Console.WriteLine("C did not exist, remove failed."); Now TryUpdate() is an interesting creature.  You might think from it’s name that TryUpdate() first checks for an item’s existence, and then updates if the item exists, otherwise it returns false.  Well, note quite... It turns out when you call TryUpdate() on a concurrent dictionary, you pass it not only the new value you want it to have, but also the value you expected it to have before the update.  If the item exists in the dictionary, and it has the value you expected, it will update it to the new value atomically and return true.  If the item is not in the dictionary or does not have the value you expected, it is not modified and false is returned. 1: // attempt to update the value, if it exists and if it has the expected original value 2: if (dictionary.TryUpdate("G", 42, 7)) 3: Console.WriteLine("G existed and was 7, now it's 42."); 4: else 5: Console.WriteLine("G either didn't exist, or wasn't 7."); The composite Add methods The ConcurrentDictionary also has composite add methods that can be used to perform updates and gets, with an add if the item is not existing at the time of the update or get. The first of these, AddOrUpdate(), allows you to add a new item to the dictionary if it doesn’t exist, or update the existing item if it does.  For example, let’s say you are creating a dictionary of counts of stock ticker symbols you’ve subscribed to from a market data feed: 1: public sealed class SubscriptionManager 2: { 3: private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> _subscriptions = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>(); 4:  5: // adds a new subscription, or increments the count of the existing one. 6: public void AddSubscription(string tickerKey) 7: { 8: // add a new subscription with count of 1, or update existing count by 1 if exists 9: var resultCount = _subscriptions.AddOrUpdate(tickerKey, 1, (symbol, count) => count + 1); 10:  11: // now check the result to see if we just incremented the count, or inserted first count 12: if (resultCount == 1) 13: { 14: // subscribe to symbol... 15: } 16: } 17: } Notice the update value factory Func delegate.  If the key does not exist in the dictionary, the add value is used (in this case 1 representing the first subscription for this symbol), but if the key already exists, it passes the key and current value to the update delegate which computes the new value to be stored in the dictionary.  The return result of this operation is the value used (in our case: 1 if added, existing value + 1 if updated). Likewise, the GetOrAdd() allows you to attempt to retrieve a value from the dictionary, and if the value does not currently exist in the dictionary it will insert a value.  This can be handy in cases where perhaps you wish to cache data, and thus you would query the cache to see if the item exists, and if it doesn’t you would put the item into the cache for the first time: 1: public sealed class PriceCache 2: { 3: private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, double> _cache = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, double>(); 4:  5: // adds a new subscription, or increments the count of the existing one. 6: public double QueryPrice(string tickerKey) 7: { 8: // check for the price in the cache, if it doesn't exist it will call the delegate to create value. 9: return _cache.GetOrAdd(tickerKey, symbol => GetCurrentPrice(symbol)); 10: } 11:  12: private double GetCurrentPrice(string tickerKey) 13: { 14: // do code to calculate actual true price. 15: } 16: } There are other variations of these two methods which vary whether a value is provided or a factory delegate, but otherwise they work much the same. Oddities with the composite Add methods The AddOrUpdate() and GetOrAdd() methods are totally thread-safe, on this you may rely, but they are not atomic.  It is important to note that the methods that use delegates execute those delegates outside of the lock.  This was done intentionally so that a user delegate (of which the ConcurrentDictionary has no control of course) does not take too long and lock out other threads. This is not necessarily an issue, per se, but it is something you must consider in your design.  The main thing to consider is that your delegate may get called to generate an item, but that item may not be the one returned!  Consider this scenario: A calls GetOrAdd and sees that the key does not currently exist, so it calls the delegate.  Now thread B also calls GetOrAdd and also sees that the key does not currently exist, and for whatever reason in this race condition it’s delegate completes first and it adds its new value to the dictionary.  Now A is done and goes to get the lock, and now sees that the item now exists.  In this case even though it called the delegate to create the item, it will pitch it because an item arrived between the time it attempted to create one and it attempted to add it. Let’s illustrate, assume this totally contrived example program which has a dictionary of char to int.  And in this dictionary we want to store a char and it’s ordinal (that is, A = 1, B = 2, etc).  So for our value generator, we will simply increment the previous value in a thread-safe way (perhaps using Interlocked): 1: public static class Program 2: { 3: private static int _nextNumber = 0; 4:  5: // the holder of the char to ordinal 6: private static ConcurrentDictionary<char, int> _dictionary 7: = new ConcurrentDictionary<char, int>(); 8:  9: // get the next id value 10: public static int NextId 11: { 12: get { return Interlocked.Increment(ref _nextNumber); } 13: } Then, we add a method that will perform our insert: 1: public static void Inserter() 2: { 3: for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) 4: { 5: _dictionary.GetOrAdd((char)('A' + i), key => NextId); 6: } 7: } Finally, we run our test by starting two tasks to do this work and get the results… 1: public static void Main() 2: { 3: // 3 tasks attempting to get/insert 4: var tasks = new List<Task> 5: { 6: new Task(Inserter), 7: new Task(Inserter) 8: }; 9:  10: tasks.ForEach(t => t.Start()); 11: Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray()); 12:  13: foreach (var pair in _dictionary.OrderBy(p => p.Key)) 14: { 15: Console.WriteLine(pair.Key + ":" + pair.Value); 16: } 17: } If you run this with only one task, you get the expected A:1, B:2, ..., Z:26.  But running this in parallel you will get something a bit more complex.  My run netted these results: 1: A:1 2: B:3 3: C:4 4: D:5 5: E:6 6: F:7 7: G:8 8: H:9 9: I:10 10: J:11 11: K:12 12: L:13 13: M:14 14: N:15 15: O:16 16: P:17 17: Q:18 18: R:19 19: S:20 20: T:21 21: U:22 22: V:23 23: W:24 24: X:25 25: Y:26 26: Z:27 Notice that B is 3?  This is most likely because both threads attempted to call GetOrAdd() at roughly the same time and both saw that B did not exist, thus they both called the generator and one thread got back 2 and the other got back 3.  However, only one of those threads can get the lock at a time for the actual insert, and thus the one that generated the 3 won and the 3 was inserted and the 2 got discarded.  This is why on these methods your factory delegates should be careful not to have any logic that would be unsafe if the value they generate will be pitched in favor of another item generated at roughly the same time.  As such, it is probably a good idea to keep those generators as stateless as possible. Summary The ConcurrentDictionary is a very efficient and thread-safe version of the Dictionary generic collection.  It has all the benefits of type-safety that it’s generic collection counterpart does, and in addition is extremely efficient especially when there are more reads than writes concurrently. Tweet Technorati Tags: C#, .NET, Concurrent Collections, Collections, Little Wonders, Black Rabbit Coder,James Michael Hare

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  • AddHandler not working?

    - by EdenMachine
    I can't figure out why my addhandler is not firing? In the Sub "CreateTagStyle" thd AddHandler is to firing when the LinkButton is clicked Is there some reason that addhandlers can't be adding at certain points of the page lifecycle? <%@ Page Title="" Language="VB" MasterPageFile="~/_Common/Admin.master" %> <script runat="server"> Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_NeedDataSource(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridNeedDataSourceEventArgs) If Not e.IsFromDetailTable Then Dim forms As New MB.RequestFormPacket() RadGrid1.DataSource = forms.GetPackets() End If End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_DetailTableDataBind(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridDetailTableDataBindEventArgs) Select Case e.DetailTableView.Name Case "gtvForms" Dim PacketID As Guid = e.DetailTableView.ParentItem.GetDataKeyValue("ID") e.DetailTableView.DataSource = MB.RequestForm.GetRequestForms(PacketID) End Select End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_InsertCommand(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridCommandEventArgs) If IsValid Then Select Case TryCast(e.Item.NamingContainer.NamingContainer, GridTableView).Name Case "gtvPackets" Dim rtbName As RadTextBox = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("rtbName"), RadTextBox) Dim IsActive As Boolean = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("cbxIsActive"), CheckBox).Checked Dim packet As New MB.RequestFormPacket() packet.Name = rtbName.Text packet.IsActive = IsActive packet.Insert() e.Canceled = True e.Item.OwnerTableView.IsItemInserted = False RadGrid1.Rebind() System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "SuccessMessage('Request Form Packet has been added successfully.');", True) Case "gtvForms" Dim parentItem As GridDataItem = e.Item.OwnerTableView.ParentItem Dim rcbForms As RadComboBox = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("rcbForms"), RadComboBox) Dim rf As New MB.RequestForm() rf.RequestFormPacketID = CType(parentItem.OwnerTableView.DataKeyValues(parentItem.ItemIndex)("ID"), Guid) rf.FormID = rcbForms.SelectedValue If MB.RequestFormPacket.HasItems(rf.RequestFormPacketID) Then rf.SortOrder = rf.MaxSortOrder + 1 Else rf.SortOrder = 0 End If rf.Insert() e.Canceled = True e.Item.OwnerTableView.IsItemInserted = False TryCast(e.Item.NamingContainer.NamingContainer, GridTableView).Rebind() End Select End If End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_UpdateCommand(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridCommandEventArgs) If IsValid Then Select Case TryCast(e.Item.NamingContainer, GridTableView).Name Case "gtvPackets" Dim PacketID As Guid = CType(CType(e.CommandSource, Button).NamingContainer, GridEditFormItem).GetDataKeyValue("ID") Dim Name As String = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("rtbName"), RadTextBox).Text Dim Tags As String = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("hdnTags"), HiddenField).Value Dim IsActive As Boolean = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("cbxIsActive"), CheckBox).Checked Dim rfp As New MB.RequestFormPacket() rfp.Update(PacketID, Name, IsActive) Call MB.RequestFormPacketTag.Insert(PacketID, Tags) e.Item.Edit = False TryCast(e.Item.NamingContainer, GridTableView).Rebind() System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "SuccessMessage('Request Form Packet has been updated successfully.');", True) Case "gtvForms" Dim RequestFormID As Guid = CType(CType(e.CommandSource, Button).NamingContainer, GridEditFormItem).GetDataKeyValue("ID") Dim rcbForms As RadComboBox = TryCast(e.Item.FindControl("rcbForms"), RadComboBox) Dim rf As New MB.RequestForm() rf.Update(RequestFormID, rcbForms.SelectedValue) e.Item.Edit = False TryCast(e.Item.NamingContainer, GridTableView).Rebind() End Select End If End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_DeleteCommand(ByVal source As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridCommandEventArgs) Dim editedItem As GridEditableItem = TryCast(e.Item, GridEditableItem) Select Case CType(editedItem.Parent.Parent, GridTableView).Name Case "gtvPackets" Dim ID As Guid = CType(CType(e.CommandSource, ImageButton).NamingContainer, GridDataItem).GetDataKeyValue("ID") MB.RequestFormPacket.Delete(ID) System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "NotifyMessage('Request Form Packet has been deleted.');", True) Case "gtvForms" Dim ID As Guid = CType(CType(e.CommandSource, ImageButton).NamingContainer, GridDataItem).GetDataKeyValue("ID") MB.RequestForm.Delete(ID) System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "NotifyMessage('Request Form has been removed.');", True) End Select End Sub Protected Sub ibnItemUpArrow_Command(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Web.UI.WebControls.CommandEventArgs) Dim gtv As GridTableView = CType(CType(sender, ImageButton).NamingContainer.NamingContainer, GridTableView) Dim ID As Guid = New Guid(e.CommandArgument.ToString()) Call MB.RequestForm.MoveUp(ID) gtv.Rebind() End Sub Protected Sub ibnItemDownArrow_Command(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Web.UI.WebControls.CommandEventArgs) Dim gtv As GridTableView = CType(CType(sender, ImageButton).NamingContainer.NamingContainer, GridTableView) Dim ID As Guid = New Guid(e.CommandArgument.ToString()) Call MB.RequestForm.MoveDown(ID) gtv.Rebind() End Sub Protected Sub RadGrid1_RowDrop(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridDragDropEventArgs) If String.IsNullOrEmpty(e.HtmlElement) Then If e.DraggedItems(0).OwnerGridID = RadGrid1.ClientID Then If e.DestDataItem IsNot Nothing Then Dim gtv As GridTableView = CType(e.DestDataItem.NamingContainer, GridTableView) For Each gdi As GridDataItem In e.DraggedItems Select Case gtv.Name Case "gtvForms" MB.RequestForm.DragAndDropReorder(gdi.GetDataKeyValue("ID"), e.DestDataItem.GetDataKeyValue("ID"), IIf(e.DropPosition = GridItemDropPosition.Above, True, False)) gtv.Rebind() End Select Next End If End If End If End Sub Protected Sub cbxAllowDragAndDrop_CheckedChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Dim cbx As CheckBox = CType(sender, CheckBox) If cbx.Checked Then RadGrid1.ClientSettings.AllowRowsDragDrop = True RadGrid1.ClientSettings.Selecting.AllowRowSelect = True RadGrid1.ClientSettings.Selecting.EnableDragToSelectRows = True Else RadGrid1.ClientSettings.AllowRowsDragDrop = False RadGrid1.ClientSettings.Selecting.AllowRowSelect = False RadGrid1.ClientSettings.Selecting.EnableDragToSelectRows = False End If End Sub Protected Sub ibnDisableToggleProcess_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Web.UI.ImageClickEventArgs) Dim ibn As ImageButton = CType(sender, ImageButton) Dim hdn As HiddenField = CType(ibn.NamingContainer.FindControl("hdnDisableProcessID"), HiddenField) Dim status As Boolean = MB.RequestFormPacket.ActivateToggle(New Guid(hdn.Value)) Dim gtv As GridTableView = CType(ibn.NamingContainer.NamingContainer, GridTableView) gtv.Rebind() System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "SuccessMessage('Process has been " & IIf(status, "Activated", "Deactivated") & ".');", True) End Sub Protected Function DisplayTagList(ByVal tags As IEnumerable(Of MB.RequestFormPacketTag)) As String Dim list As String = "" For Each t As MB.RequestFormPacketTag In tags list += "<span class=""tags"">" & t.Tag.Name & "</span>" Next Return list End Function Protected Sub RadGrid1_ItemDataBound(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As Telerik.Web.UI.GridItemEventArgs) Select Case e.Item.GetType.Name Case "GridEditFormInsertItem" 'do nothing Case "GridEditFormItem" Dim plh As PlaceHolder = CType(e.Item.FindControl("plhTags"), PlaceHolder) Dim hdn As HiddenField = CType(e.Item.FindControl("hdnTags"), HiddenField) If hdn IsNot Nothing Then Dim gefi As GridEditFormItem = e.Item Dim packet As MB.RequestFormPacket = gefi.DataItem For Each pt As MB.RequestFormPacketTag In packet.RequestFormPacketTags Call CreateTagStyle(plh, hdn, pt.Tag.Name) If hdn.Value = "" Then hdn.Value = "|" End If hdn.Value += pt.Tag.Name & "|" Next End If End Select End Sub Protected Sub btnAddTag_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Dim btnAddTag As Button = sender Dim rtbTags As RadTextBox = btnAddTag.NamingContainer.FindControl("rtbTags") Dim plhTags As PlaceHolder = btnAddTag.NamingContainer.FindControl("plhTags") Dim hdnTags As HiddenField = btnAddTag.NamingContainer.FindControl("hdnTags") Dim TagExists As Boolean = False rtbTags.Text = rtbTags.Text.ToUpper().Trim() Dim currentTags() As String = Split(hdnTags.Value, "|") For i As Integer = 1 To currentTags.Count - 2 Call CreateTagStyle(plhTags, hdnTags, currentTags(i)) Next If TagExists = False And String.IsNullOrEmpty(rtbTags.Text) = False Then Call CreateTagStyle(plhTags, hdnTags, rtbTags.Text) If String.IsNullOrEmpty(hdnTags.Value) Then hdnTags.Value = "|" End If hdnTags.Value += rtbTags.Text & "|" 'System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Me.Page, Me.GetType(), "ClientMessage", "highlightTag('" & lbn.ClientID & "');", True) End If rtbTags.Text = "" rtbTags.Focus() End Sub Public Sub RemoveTag(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Response.End() Dim lbnSender As LinkButton = sender Dim plhTags As PlaceHolder = lbnSender.NamingContainer.FindControl("plhTags") Dim hdnTags As HiddenField = lbnSender.NamingContainer.FindControl("hdnTags") Response.Write(hdnTags.Value) Response.End() Dim TagExists As Boolean = False Dim currentTags() As String = Split(hdnTags.Value, "|") For i As Integer = 1 To currentTags.Count - 2 Call CreateTagStyle(plhTags, hdnTags, currentTags(i)) Next End Sub Protected Sub CreateTagStyle(ByVal plh As PlaceHolder, ByVal hdn As HiddenField, ByVal tagName As String) Dim lbn As New LinkButton() lbn.ID = "lbn_" & hdn.ClientID & "_" & tagName lbn.CssClass = "deleteCreateTag" lbn.Text = "X" AddHandler lbn.Click, AddressOf RemoveTag plh.Controls.Add(New LiteralControl("<div><span class=showTag>" & tagName & "</span>")) plh.Controls.Add(lbn) plh.Controls.Add(New LiteralControl("</div>")) End Sub </script> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="head" Runat="Server"> <style type="text/css"> .tags { border:solid 1px #93AFE5; background-color:#F3F7F8; margin: 0px 2px 0px 2px; padding: 0px 4px 0px 4px; font-family:Verdana; font-size:10px; text-transform:uppercase; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> function highlightTag(id) { $("#" + id).highlightFade({ color: '#FFFF99', speed: 2000, iterator: 'sinusoidal' }); } </script> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> <telerik:RadAjaxManager ID="RadAjaxManager1" runat="server" DefaultLoadingPanelID="RadAjaxLoadingPanel1" EnableAJAX="false"> <AjaxSettings> <telerik:AjaxSetting AjaxControlID="RadGrid1"> <UpdatedControls> <telerik:AjaxUpdatedControl ControlID="RadGrid1" /> </UpdatedControls> </telerik:AjaxSetting> </AjaxSettings> </telerik:RadAjaxManager> <telerik:RadAjaxLoadingPanel ID="RadAjaxLoadingPanel1" runat="server" /> <telerik:RadTabStrip ID="RadTabStrip1" runat="server" Skin="WebBlue" style="position:relative;top:1px;" ValidationGroup="vgTabs"> <Tabs> <telerik:RadTab Text="Request Form Packets" Selected="true" ImageUrl="~/Admin/Images/Packet2.png" /> <telerik:RadTab Text="Request Forms" NavigateUrl="Forms.aspx" ImageUrl="~/Admin/Images/Forms.png" /> </Tabs> </telerik:RadTabStrip> <asp:ObjectDataSource ID="odsForms" runat="server" TypeName="MB.Form" SelectMethod="GetForms" /> <asp:Panel ID="pnlContent" runat="server" CssClass="ContentPanel"> <telerik:RadGrid ID="RadGrid1" runat="server" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True" GridLines="None" OnNeedDataSource="RadGrid1_NeedDataSource" AllowAutomaticUpdates="true" AllowAutomaticDeletes="true" AllowAutomaticInserts="true" OnInsertCommand="RadGrid1_InsertCommand" OnUpdateCommand="RadGrid1_UpdateCommand" OnDeleteCommand="RadGrid1_DeleteCommand" OnRowDrop="RadGrid1_RowDrop" OnDetailTableDataBind="RadGrid1_DetailTableDataBind" OnItemDataBound="RadGrid1_ItemDataBound"> <%-----------------------------------------------------------%> <%------------------------- PACKETS -------------------------%> <%-----------------------------------------------------------%> <MasterTableView AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataKeyNames="ID" ClientDataKeyNames="ID" ShowHeadersWhenNoRecords="true" Name="gtvPackets" NoMasterRecordsText="There are currently no Request Form Packets" GroupLoadMode="Client" RetrieveNullAsDBNull="true" CommandItemDisplay="Top" AllowAutomaticUpdates="true" AllowAutomaticDeletes="true" AllowAutomaticInserts="true"> <RowIndicatorColumn> <HeaderStyle Width="20px"></HeaderStyle> </RowIndicatorColumn> <ExpandCollapseColumn> <HeaderStyle Width="20px"></HeaderStyle> </ExpandCollapseColumn> <CommandItemTemplate> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td class="AdminGridHeader">&nbsp;<img src="../Admin/Images/Packet2.png" align="absmiddle" width="16" height="16" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Request Form Packets</td> <td width="1%"><asp:CheckBox ID="cbxAllowDragAndDrop" runat="server" AutoPostBack="true" OnCheckedChanged="cbxAllowDragAndDrop_CheckedChanged" /></td> <td width="1%" nowrap="nowrap"><asp:Label AssociatedControlID="cbxAllowDragAndDrop" ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Enable Drag and Drop Reordering" ToolTip="Drag and Drop Reordering applies only to Forms." /></td> <td align="right" width="1%"><asp:Button ID="btnAddPacket" Text="Create New Packet" runat="server" CommandName="InitInsert" /></td> </tr> </table> </CommandItemTemplate> <EditFormSettings> <EditColumn ButtonType="PushButton" HeaderStyle-Font-Bold="true" UniqueName="EditCommandColumn" /> </EditFormSettings> <EditItemStyle Font-Bold="true" BackColor="#FFFFCC" /> <Columns> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Packet Name" UniqueName="PacketName" SortExpression="Name"> <ItemTemplate> <img src="../Admin/Images/Packet2.png" align="absmiddle" width="16" height="16" />&nbsp;&nbsp;<%#Eval("Name")%> </ItemTemplate> <EditItemTemplate> <telerik:RadTextBox runat="server" ID="rtbName" Width="300" Text='<%# Bind("Name") %>' /> <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvName" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Required" ControlToValidate="rtbName" /> </EditItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Tags" UniqueName="Tags"> <ItemTemplate> <%#DisplayTagList(Eval("RequestFormPacketTags"))%> </ItemTemplate> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:Panel ID="pnlAddTags" runat="server" DefaultButton="btnAddTag"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <telerik:RadTextBox ID="rtbTags" runat="server" Width="200" style="text-transform:uppercase;" /> <asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revTags" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Invalid Entry" ControlToValidate="rtbTags" Display="Dynamic" ValidationExpression="^[^<>`~!/@\#}$%:;)(_^{&*=|+]+$" ValidationGroup="vgTags" /> </td> <td> <asp:Button ID="btnAddTag" runat="server" ValidationGroup="vgTags" Text="Add" OnClick="btnAddTag_Click" /> </td> </tr> </table> </asp:Panel> <div id="divTags"> <asp:PlaceHolder id="plhTags" runat="server" /> <asp:HiddenField ID="hdnTags" runat="server" /> </div> </EditItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderTooltip="Disable" ItemStyle-Width="1%" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center" SortExpression="IsActive" UniqueName="IsActive" ReadOnly="true"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:ImageButton ID="ibnDisabledProcess" runat="server" ImageUrl="../Images/Icons/Stop.png" Width="16" OnClientClick="return window.confirm('Activate this Process?');" ToolTip="Click to activate this Request for Account use." Visible='<%#IIF(Eval("IsActive"),false,true) %>' OnClick="ibnDisableToggleProcess_Click" /> <asp:ImageButton ID="ibnEnabledProcess" runat="server" ImageUrl="../Images/Icons/Stop_disabled.png" Width="16" OnClientClick="return window.confirm('Deactivate this Process?');" ToolTip="Click to deactivate this Request for Account use." Visible='<%#IIF(Eval("IsActive"),true,false) %>' OnClick="ibnDisableToggleProcess_Click" /> <asp:HiddenField ID="hdnDisableProcessID" runat="server" Value='<%#Eval("ID") %>' /> </ItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Is Active" UniqueName="IsActiveCheckbox" Display="false"> <EditItemTemplate> <asp:CheckBox ID="cbxIsActive" runat="server" Checked='<%# IIF(Eval("IsActive") Is DbNull.Value OrElse Eval("IsActive") = False,False,True) %>' /> </EditItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridEditCommandColumn ButtonType="ImageButton" EditText="Edit Admin" ItemStyle-Width="16" EditImageUrl="~/Images/edit-small.png" /> <telerik:GridButtonColumn ConfirmText="Do you really want to delete this Admin? WARNING: THIS CANNOT BE UNDONE!!" ConfirmDialogType="RadWindow" ConfirmTitle="Delete" ButtonType="ImageButton" CommandName="Delete" Text="Delete Admin" ImageUrl="~/Images/Delete.png" UniqueName="DeleteColumn"> <ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Center" Width="16" /> </telerik:GridButtonColumn> </Columns> <DetailTables> <%-----------------------------------------------------------%> <%-------------------------- FORMS --------------------------%> <%-----------------------------------------------------------%> <telerik:GridTableView Name="gtvForms" AllowPaging="true" PagerStyle-Position="TopAndBottom" PageSize="20" AutoGenerateColumns="false" DataKeyNames="RequestFormPacketID,ID" runat="server" CommandItemDisplay="Top" Width="100%"> <ParentTableRelation> <telerik:GridRelationFields DetailKeyField="RequestFormPacketID" MasterKeyField="ID" /> </ParentTableRelation> <CommandItemTemplate> <table width="100%" class="AdminGridHeaders"> <tr> <td class="AdminGridHeaders"> &nbsp;<img src="../Admin/Images/Forms.png" align="absmiddle" width="16" height="16" />&nbsp;&nbsp;Forms </td> <td align="right"> <asp:Button ID="ibnAdd" runat="server" Text="Add Form" CommandName="InitInsert" /> </td> </tr> </table> </CommandItemTemplate> <EditFormSettings> <EditColumn ButtonType="PushButton" InsertText="Save" UpdateText="Update" CancelText="Cancel" /> </EditFormSettings> <EditItemStyle Font-Bold="true" BackColor="#FFFFCC" /> <Columns> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Form Name" UniqueName="FormName"> <ItemTemplate> <img src="../Admin/Images/Forms.png" align="absmiddle" width="16" height="16" style="margin-right:4px;" /> <%#Eval("Form.Name")%> </ItemTemplate> <EditItemTemplate> <telerik:RadComboBox ID="rcbForms" runat="server" DataSourceID="odsForms" AppendDataBoundItems="true" DataTextField="Name" DataValueField="ID" SelectedValue='<%#Bind("FormID")%>'> <Items> <telerik:RadComboBoxItem Text="-- Select a Form --" Value="" /> </Items> </telerik:RadComboBox> <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvForms" runat="server" ErrorMessage="Required" ControlToValidate="rcbForms" InitialValue="-- Select a Form --" Display="Dynamic" /> </EditItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Test" ReadOnly="true" UniqueName="TestForm" HeaderStyle-Width="1%" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:HyperLink ID="hypTestForm" runat="server" NavigateUrl='<%# "FormsPreview.aspx?fid=" & Eval("FormID").ToString() & "&test=true" %>' Target="_blank"><asp:Image ID="imgTestProcess" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/Admin/Images/Test.png" ImageAlign="AbsMiddle" ToolTip="Test Form" /></asp:HyperLink> </ItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn HeaderText="Header" SortExpression="Header" UniqueName="Header"> <ItemTemplate> <%#Eval("Form.Header")%>&nbsp; </ItemTemplate> </telerik:GridTemplateColumn> <telerik:GridTemplateColumn ReadOnly="true" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign="Center" HeaderStyle-Width="1%" HeaderStyle-Wrap="false" ItemStyle-Wrap="false" UniqueName="SortOrder"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:ImageButton ID="ibnItemUpArrow" runat="server" Width="16" height="16" ImageUrl="~/Admin/Images/ArrowUp.png" ImageAlign="AbsMiddle" Visible='<%#IIF(Eval("SortOrder") = 0,false,true) %>' CommandArgument='<%#Eval("ID") %>' OnCommand=

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  • Jquery Slidetoggle open 1 div and close another

    - by Stephen
    I'm trying to close one div when clicking on another div . Currently, it opens multiple divs at one time. JQUERY: $(document).ready(function() { $(".dropdown dt a").click(function() { var dropID = $(this).closest("dl").attr("id"); $("#"+dropID+" dd ul").slideToggle(200); return false; }); $(".dropdown dd ul li a").click(function() { var dropID = $(this).closest("dl").attr("id"); var text = $(this).html(); var selVal = $(this).find(".dropdown_value").html(); $("#"+dropID+" dt a").html(text); $("#"+dropID+" dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $("dl[class!=dropdown]").click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $("id!=quotetoolContainer").click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $('body').click(function() { $(".dropdown dd ul").hide(); return false; }); $('.productSelection').children().hover(function() { $(this).siblings().stop().fadeTo(200,0.5); }, function() { $(this).siblings().stop().fadeTo(200,1); }); }); HTML: <div id="quotetoolContainer"> <div class="top"></div> <div id="quotetool"> <h2>Instant Price Calculator</h2> <p>Document Type</p> <dl id="docType" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#"><span>Select a Document Type</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#" id="1">Datasheets<span class="value">Datasheets</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Manuals<span class="value">Manuals</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Brochures<span class="value">Brochures</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Newsletters<span class="value">Newsletters</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Booklets<span class="value">Booklets</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Flat Size</p> <dl id="flatSize" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">8.5" x 11"<span class="value">8.5" x 11"</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">8.5" x 11"<span class="value">8.5" x 11"</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">11" x 17"<span class="value">11" x 17"</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Full Color or Black &amp; White?</p> <dl id="color" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Full Color<span class="value">Full Color</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Full Color<span class="value">Full Color</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Black &amp; White<span class="value">Black &amp; White</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Paper</p> <dl id="paper" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Value White Paper (20 lb.)<span class="value">Value White Paper (20 lb.)</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Value White Paper (20 lb.)<span class="value">Value White Paper (20 lb.)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Premium White Paper (28 lb.)<span class="value">Premium White Paper (28 lb.)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Glossy White Text (80 lb.) - Recycled<span class="value">Glossy White Text (80 lb.) - Recycled</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Glossy White Cover (80 lb.) - Recycled<span class="value">Glossy White Cover (80 lb.) - Recycled</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Folding</p> <dl id="folding" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">Fold in Half<span class="value">Fold in Half</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">Fold in Half<span class="value">Fold in Half</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Tri-Fold<span class="value">Tri-Fold</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Z-Fold<span class="value">Z-Fold</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Double-Parallel Fold<span class="value">Double-Parallel Fold</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Three-Hole Drill</p> <dl id="drill" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">No<span class="value">No</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">No<span class="value">No</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Yes<span class="value">Yes</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Qty</p> <dl id="quantity" class="dropdown"> <dt><a href="#">50<span class="value">50</span></a></dt> <dd> <ul> <li><a href="#">50<span class="value">50</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">100<span class="value">100</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">150<span class="value">150</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">200<span class="value">200</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">250<span class="value">250</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">500<span class="value">500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">750<span class="value">750</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">1,000<span class="value">1,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">1,500<span class="value">1,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2,000<span class="value">2,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">2,500<span class="value">2,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">3,000<span class="value">3,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">3,500<span class="value">3,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">4,000<span class="value">4,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">4,500<span class="value">4,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">5,000<span class="value">5,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">5,500<span class="value">5,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">6,000<span class="value">6,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">6,500<span class="value">6,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">7,000<span class="value">7,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">7,500<span class="value">7,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">8,000<span class="value">8,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">8,500<span class="value">8,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">9,000<span class="value">9,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">9,500<span class="value">9,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">10,000<span class="value">10,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">12,500<span class="value">12,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">15,000<span class="value">15,000</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">17,500<span class="value">17,500</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">20,000<span class="value">20,000</span></a></li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <div id="priceTotal"> <div class="priceText">Your Price:</div> <div class="price">$29.00</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="buttonQuoteStart"><a href="#" title="Start Printing">Start Printing</a></div> </div> <div class="bottom"></div> </div>

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  • SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

    - by Nathan Spears
    I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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  • SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

    - by Nathan Spears
    I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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