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  • VPC SSH port forward into private subnet

    - by CP510
    Ok, so I've been racking my brain for DAYS on this dilema. I have a VPC setup with a public subnet, and a private subnet. The NAT is in place of course. I can connect from SSH into a instance in the public subnet, as well as the NAT. I can even ssh connect to the private instance from the public instance. I changed the SSHD configuration on the private instance to accept both port 22 and an arbitrary port number 1300. That works fine. But I need to set it up so that I can connect to the private instance directly using the 1300 port number, ie. ssh -i keyfile.pem [email protected] -p 1300 and 1.2.3.4 should route it to the internal server 10.10.10.10. Now I heard iptables is the job for this, so I went ahead and researched and played around with some routing with that. These are the rules I have setup on the public instance (not the NAT). I didn't want to use the NAT for this since AWS apperantly pre-configures the NAT instances when you set them up and I heard using iptables can mess that up. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [129:12186] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [84:10472] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "SSH Dropped: " -A FORWARD -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:104] :INPUT ACCEPT [2:104] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6:681] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7:745] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.10.10:1300 -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT So when I try this from home. It just times out. No connection refused messages or anything. And I can't seem to find any log messages about dropped packets. My security groups and ACL settings allow communications on these ports in both directions in both subnets and on the NAT. I'm at a loss. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Force HTTPS with AWS Elastic load balancer

    - by panos2point0
    I need to redirect all incoming HTTP traffic to HTTPS on my elastic load balancer. I tired using Apache mod_rewrite: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} !https RewriteRule !/status https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R] Taking advantage of the X-Forwarded-Proto header added by the load balancer, this rule should instruct the users browser to request the HTTPS version of the same URL. So far It doesn't work (no redirection happens). What am I doing wrong? Is there a better way to do this?

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  • Provider claiming "all web servers in the cloud are automatically kept in sync" - should I be skeptical?

    - by RobMasters
    I'm no expert in cloud computing - I've spent a fair bit of time researching it and various providers but am yet to get any hands-on experience with it. From what I've read about AWS and auto-scaling EC2 instances though, it seems as though each instance should be completely decoupled from all other instances. i.e. If content is uploaded to the web server's local filesystem from a custom CMS backend then that content won't be available if subsequently requested from a different web server in the auto-scaling group. Is that right? I met with a representative of our existing hosting provider recently and he was claiming that it isn't a problem that our legacy CMS system is highly dependent on having a local filesystem. He said that all web servers, regardless of how many, would be kept as exact duplicates so I shouldn't notice any difference compared to our existing setup of a single dedicated server. This smells a little too much like bull fecal-matter to me...should I be skeptical about this? I'm a little worried because my (non-technical) boss who ultimately makes the decisions is all for signing up to this cloud solution because it won't require any extra work. I'm sure that they must at least be able to provide this, otherwise they wouldn't be attempting to sell it to us. But at what cost? It sounds as though each web server will always need to be checking the other web server(s) for new static content, which to me sounds like unwanted overhead that'll slow things down. I'd really appreciate it if somebody could clear this up to me. I'm all for switching to AWS and using S3+CloudFront for all static content, but that isn't looking very likely to happen at the moment.

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  • How to add a second domain to an EC2 instance with Elastic & Route 53

    - by memeLab
    I've got my domain site.com running on EC2, using Elastic IP and Route 53. I want to park site.net so that it resolves to the same site.. I've looked up Migrating an Existing Domain to Route 53 in the docs, but can't find mention of how to add a second domain! I figured I'd have to create an A record, but when I do so, the record is created site.net.site.com .. not quite what I'm after! I've also done searches for mixes of 'route 53', 'park domain', 'addon domain', 'second domain', but no dice... My prior experience is with cPanel and Plesk, so I'm a bit lost! Any pointers would be appreciated! TIA

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  • Configuring EC2 Instance

    - by Philip Isaacs
    Forgive me if this seems like a dumb question, but I'm wondering how do I increase the processing power (cpu, memory) of an instance I already have running. Right now I have a web server running on a m1.small type instance and it's performing poorly at peak times, is it possible to increase the amount of memory on the instance somehow, or do I need to create a new EC2 install. What are my options. Please advise.

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  • get a list of running ec2 instances programmatically

    - by user113981
    Hi i have started with aws and found out that we can get a list of running servers with the aws php sdk. Is there any other way to get the list of all ec2 instances? after getting the list i want to sync the data from one main instances to all the instances. Something like a button click can also do the operation. Are rsync, incron the only options, or it can be done by aws php sdk also. Please provide some tutorial links.

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  • How can I match an AWS account number to a key and secret

    - by iwein
    My client gave me a key and a secret to manage his EC2 things, but to make one of my AMI's available to run I have to fill in the Account Number. Is it possible to deduce the account number from the key and the secret? Obviously I also asked the client for this information, but since it's weekend and I'm not fond of waiting I wanted to see if I could figure it out myself. Have you done this before?

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  • Sharing / replicating EBS across AWS nodes

    - by skrat
    I would like to use single EBS storage across multiple EC2 nodes (web/app servers). I've read some articles on snapshot sharing, but that doesn't suit well for what we need. We use filesystem for storing DB record attachments, so if one such attachment gets created, we need it to be immediately available to all nodes (to serve). So far only NFS seem to be viable, but it's a pain to configure and maintain. Another option could be storing those attachments on S3 instead, but that would cut us of doing any analysis on that data. This must be quite common problem when scaling in AWS, what solutions are there?

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  • What exactly is an invalid HTTP_HOST header

    - by rolling stone
    I've implemented Django's relatively new allowed hosts setting, which is meant to prevent attackers from submitting requests with a fake HTTP Host header. Since adding that setting, I now get anywhere from 20-100 emails a day notifying me of invalid HTTP_HOST headers. I've copied in an example of a typical error message below. I'm hosting my site on EC2, and am relatively new to setting up/maintaining a server, so my question is what exactly is happening here, and what is the best way to manage these invalid and I assume malicious requests? [Django] ERROR: Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'www.launchastartup.com'.You may need to add u'www.launchastartup.com' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.

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  • Chef command to create new ec2 instance with second ebs volume attached and mounted instead of the default ephemeral volume?

    - by runamok
    We currently use this command to create a new ec2 instance with chef: knife ec2 server create --node-name=prod-apache-1 --availability-zone us-east-1c --image ami-3d4ff254 --distro ubuntu12.04-gems --groups "default" --ssh-key foo --identity-file ~/.ssh/id_rsa --ssh-user ubuntu --flavor m1.small After this command we then run further chef commands to finish provisioning the server. I was wondering if it would be possible while first setting up the instance I wanted a 100 gb volume created and mounted at /mnt and to have the ephemeral storage mounted at /tmp or /mnt-ephemeral instead. If not what further commands in chef would you advise running? I know how to do this via the aws console and can probably figure out how to do it via the ec2 command line tools but I am knew to chef and a bit overwhelmed.

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  • bottle.py on EC2 micro instance causes 2 order of magnitude slowdown

    - by user61633
    Cross-posted from StackOverflow: I wrote a little toy script to solve this type of game, and put it on my new micro EC2 instance. It works perfectly, but while it takes around 0.5 seconds to run a local version, and takes under 0.5 seconds to run both the local and the bottle.py version on my home computer, running the bottle.py version on the EC2 instance takes over 2 minutes. Python has the cpu pegged at 99% the entire time. Only 7.4% memory usage, consistently, and no swapping. The only guess I have is initialization time for bottle.py on EC2, but if it were that, why would it be ~200x faster on my own computer with bottle.py?

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  • Subsequent runs of rsync locally don't reduce data transferred

    - by sharakan
    I have an EC2 instance with data I want to sync to a mounted, but remote, volume, as a backup. rsync seems like the way to go with this, so as a test I took my test file (a Postgres pg_dump file) and used rsync -v to copy it to the mounted volume: [ec2-user work]$ rsync -v dump.sql.1 ../backup/dump.sql dump.sql.1 sent 821704315 bytes received 31 bytes 3416650.09 bytes/sec total size is 821603948 speedup is 1.00 Then, I ran it again, expecting to see minimal sent/received numbers because it would just be checksums. Instead... [ec2-user work]$ rsync -v dump.sql.1 ../backup/dump.sql dump.sql.1 sent 821704315 bytes received 31 bytes 3402502.47 bytes/sec total size is 821603948 speedup is 1.00 I'm new to rsync so perhaps I'm missing something, but isn't the idea that the source and destination files are checked for differences, and then a patch is generated and applied to the destination? Why is this not reducing the amount of data 'sent' to just the size of the checksums? Some background if it's relevant: the mounted volume is using s3fs, mounted with s3fs <bucketname> backup.

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  • An international mobile app - Should I set up EC2 instances in multiple regions?

    - by ashiina
    I am currently trying to launch an mobile app for users around the world. It is not a spectacular launch which will get millions of users in weeks - just another individual developer releasing an app. I know enough about the techniques of managing timezones, internationalizing string, and what not ( the application layer ). But I cannot find any information on how I should manage my EC2 instances... Should I be setting up EC2 instances in different regions around the world? Is that a must-do, or is it an overkill? I'm aware that it's the ideal solution in terms of performance, but it becomes very tough managing servers in multiple regions. DB issues, AMI management, etc... I'd much rather NOT do so. So I would like to know the general best practice when launching an international app/website. Note: For static contents, I know it's better to use a CDN, so I'm planning on doing so.

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  • Is S3 cheaper than a EC2 DIY solution (for small files)

    - by Jann
    Is it really cheaper to host images and scripts via S3 than with an EC2 instance running nginx/varnish/etc. ? It seems to me (but i'm just getting started with AWS) that the request costs will be the major factor if you don't use sprites or other optimizations... or am i missing something ?

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  • Uptime concerns in case of AWS outage

    - by Aditya Patawari
    I am running an Elastic Load Balancer backup by 2 instances in different Availability Zones in US East. I am using Multi-AZ RDS as well. Ideally this should ensure that if one AZ goes down, it should not effect the app because everything is spread across multiple AZs. But the recent AWS outage took the app down for a long time. I am not sure how this can happen. It would be great if someone can point out what went wrong. Major question here I have is how can I avoid this in future? I can setup app servers across different regions or even providers and use DNS for load balancing but what do I do with MySQL? Read Replicas will introduce some lag which I would want to avoid.

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  • Monitoring Between EC2 Regions

    - by ABrown
    I'm working on a small EC2 project that involves a handful of servers in two different regions (US East and EU West). My first task is to implement a Nagios monitoring solution. Monitoring within a region is simple - I just use the private domain names/IPs, but I'm a little unsure of the best way to handle monitoring the second region without setting up a second Nagios install. The environment is fairly static, so I'm not going to be scripting the configuration with the EC2 tools just yet. As I see it, I have two options. Two Nagios installations (which is over-kill for the small number of servers I'm dealing with). Pros: I don't have to alter the group permissions nor do I have to pay for the traffic, redundancy in the monitoring solution - I could monitor the Nagios servers. Cons: two installations to deal with and I'd need to run another server instance. Have the single installation monitor both regions. Pros: one installation to deal with. Cons: slightly reduced security - security group will have to have NRPE (5666) opened for one source IP and also paying for a small amount of bandwidth at the Internet rate for data transfer between the regions. I guess my question is - how have others handled this problem and what are your recommendations? Thanks!

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  • How to reduce memory consumption an AWS EC2 t1.micro instance (free tier) ubuntu server 14.04 LTS EBS

    - by CMPSoares
    Hi I'm working on my bachelor thesis and for that I need to host a node.js web application on AWS, in order to avoid costs I'm using a t1.micro instance with 30GB disk space (from what I know it's the maximum I get in the free tier) which is barely used. But instead I have problems with memory consumption, it's using all of it. I tried the approach of creating a virtual swap area as mentioned at Why don't EC2 ubuntu images have swap? with these commands: sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 && sudo chmod 600 /var/swapfile && sudo mkswap /var/swapfile && echo /var/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab && sudo swapon -a But this swap area isn't used somehow. Is something missing in this approach or is there another process of reducing the memory consumption in these type of AWS instances? Bottom-line: This originates server freezes and crashes and that's what I want to stop either by using the swap, reducing memory usage or both.

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  • mod_security: How to allow ssh/http access for admin?

    - by mattesque
    I am going to be installing mod_security on my AWS EC2 Linux instance tonight and need a little help/reassurance. The only thing I am truly worried about right now is making sure my (admin) access to the instance and webserver is maintained w/o compromising security. I use ssh (port 22) and http (80) to access this and I've read horror stories from other EC2 users claiming they were locked out of their sites once they put up a firewall. So my question boils down to: What settings should I put in the mod_security conf file to make sure I can get in on those ports? IP at home is not static. (Hence the issue) Thanks so, so, so much.

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  • How to change default user (ubuntu) via CloudInit on AWS

    - by Gui Ambros
    I'm using CloudInit to automate the startup of my instances on AWS. I followed the (scarce) documentation available at http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~cloud-init-dev/cloud-init/trunk/annotate/head%3A/doc/examples/cloud-config.txt and examples on /usr/share/doc/cloud-init, but still haven't figured out how to change the default username (ubuntu, id:1000). I know I can create a script to manually delete the default ubuntu and add my user, but seems counter intuitive given that CloudInit exist exactly to automate the initial setup. Any ideas?

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  • Wordpress dynamic navigation function for highlighting single post tabs

    - by user269959
    I am trying to write a function that i can reuse in my wordpress themes that will allow me to build robust dynamic navigation menus. Here is what i have so far: function tab_maker($page_name, $href, $tabname) { //opens <li> tag to allow active class to be inserted if tab is on proper page echo "<li"; //checks that we are on current page and highlights tab as active if so if(is_page($page_name)){ echo " class='current_page_item'>"; } //closes <li> tab if not active else { echo ">"; } //inserts the link as $href and the name of the tab to appear as $tabname then closes <li> echo "<a href=$href>$tabname</a>"; echo "</li>"; } This code works as expected except i cant enable it to highlight for a single blog post as the page names are dynamic. I know about the wordpress function is_single() which ive used to implement this feature in previous nav menus but i cant find a way to integrate it into this function. appreciate any help!

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  • Wordpress and Anythingslider Navigation Thumbnails

    - by Tom
    So I am using AnythingSlider in Wordpress. This is why I am trying to call the thumbnails from the original posts. Anything slider will configure thumbnail navigation like this: function formatText(index, panel) { return index + ""; } $(function () { $('.anythingSlider').anythingSlider({ navigationFormatter: formatText // Details at the top of the file on this use (advanced use) }); }); As you can see, the navigationFormatter will allow me to format the nav (including thumbnails) however I want. For example, to format thumbnails, I could do this: navigationFormatter : function(i, panel){ // add thumbnails as navigation links return '<img src="images/th-slide-' + ['civil-1', 'env-1', 'civil-2', 'env-2'][i - 1] + '.jpg">'; } So my issue is getting the wordpress slide images to show up there dynamically, rather than in a folder (as the above example shows). For reference, this is my php query that is pulling the posts image (from a script I've already written: <img class="slider-img" style="float:left;" src="<?php if(function_exists('wp_get_post_image')){ echo wp_get_post_image(array( 'return_html' => false, 'width' => 500 )); } ?>" /> I hope this update helps. Thank you guys so much. The Stack overflow community is great!

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  • PHP/SQL/Wordpress: Group a user list by alphabet

    - by rayne
    I want to create a (fairly big) Wordpress user index with the users categorized alphabetically, like this: A Amy Adam B Bernard Bianca and so on. I've created a custom Wordpress query which works fine for this, except for one problem: It also displays "empty" letters, letters where there aren't any users whose name begins with that letter. I'd be glad if you could help me fix this code so that it only displays the letter if there's actually a user with a name of that letter :) I've tried my luck by checking how many results there are for that letter, but somehow that's not working. (FYI, I use the user photo plugin and only want to show users in the list who have an approved picture, hence the stuff in the SQL query). <?php $alphabet = range('A', 'Z'); foreach ($alphabet as $letter) { $user_count = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM wp_users WHERE display_name LIKE '".$letter."%' ORDER BY display_name ASC"); if ($user_count > 0) { $user_row = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT wp_users.user_login, wp_users.display_name FROM wp_users, wp_usermeta WHERE wp_users.display_name LIKE '".$letter."%' AND wp_usermeta.meta_key = 'userphoto_approvalstatus' AND wp_usermeta.meta_value = '2' AND wp_usermeta.user_id = wp_users.ID ORDER BY wp_users.display_name ASC"); echo '<li class="letter">'.$letter.''; echo '<ul>'; foreach ($user_row as $user) { echo '<li><a href="/author/'.$user->user_login.'">'.$user->display_name.'</a></li>'; } echo '</ul></li>'; } } ?> Thanks in advance!

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  • Wordpress thumbnail creation question

    - by Will Ashworth
    I'm trying to use Wordpress' built-in thumbnailing and image re-sizing in my Wordpress 2.9.2 installation. I'm trying to get various sizes (post listing/results 160x160 & "single.php" 618x150) and for some reason the single.php one works, but only half way. Not sure if I'm doing something wrong here. I have it working…sorta. I’m totally stuck and there seems to be a lack of documentation on the Codex for this feature so here goes. The small 160×160 thumbnail for article listings/search views works fine. It crops it, all’s groovy. The issue comes when I go to format the image for the single.php article details view. It crops, but then scales down even further for some reason. Screenshot: http://c1319072.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/4-15-2010%204-56-46%20PM.png NOTE: every time I re-test this I’m completely deleting the image from the media section and re-uploading the image entirely. I also have the re-create thumbnails plugin so I know it’s not caching. Here is my code included in "functions.php". This will help in debugging. add_theme_support( ‘post-thumbnails’ ); set_post_thumbnail_size( 160, 160, true ); // Normal post thumbnails add_image_size( ’single-post-thumbnail’, 618, 150, true ); // Permalink thumbnail size

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  • using jquery (json) to get ajax database entries in wordpress - PHP not working

    - by Matt Facer
    I'm writing a plugin for my wordpress site and am having trouble understanding the jquery ajax requests. In a nutshell, I am trying to get some user meta data loaded when the page loads. So in my javascript file I have a line: $.getJSON("http://mysite.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/myplugin/ajax/ajax.php?action=test", function(json) { // do stuff }); So the above DOES get called, but it's the PHP code I'm having trouble with. In the file ajax.php, I am making a database call, but NONE of the usual class information is available. I've tried including the admin ajax page, various other pages from my own plugin (which does work).... not sure what else to do! The database call method works OK in my plugin code.. but I guess that the ajax.php file is outside the WP framework so that's why it's not working... but I don't know how to get it IN the framework!? I just need to use the $wpdb->get_results($sql); command to get my SQL. The error returned from firebug is that I am making a call to an undefined function. Thanks for any help... $.getJSON("http://www.offbeatattractions.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-geo-extended/ajax/change_location.php?action=listpoints", function(json) { alert(json.Locations.length);

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