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• Recovering from backup without original install media

  - by KGendron

  A machine from my old job had a complete hard drive failure. I have backups but I'm running into severe problems restoring from them. The only install media was a secondary restore partition on the system's hard drive. I hate whoever came up with that idea more than i can possibly express with words. I spent several days trying to recover the disk - it is pretty well shot and none of my best tricks could even get it to show up in the bios/ The machine that broke is an hp with xp media center edition on it (I don't know why either). The backups were created using the default windows backup tool - I have .bfk file on an external hardrive that i am trying to restore from. I've replaced the hard drive. My home machine is running windows 7 64bit and i'm trying to use it as a platform to restore to the other disk. I downloaded the window 7 nt-restore utility, however no matter what i do it restores to my C drive rather than the specified drive. Fortunately win7 security settings prevented it from being a complete disaster - but still not a happy thing. I tried firing up the xp virtual machine. I can browse to the backups but it says they are invalid and refuse to let me view/ continue with the restore. I tried installing XP to an extra harddrive on my machine - however it bluescreens on me during the install process and I cry. I tried installing xp pro to the new drive and attempted to restore over it, it of course blackscreened on me as that was a stupid idea. I made two partitions on the new hard drive (Apparently the bios on this accursed piece of junk doesn't allow hd partitions larger than 200G anyways and thus fails 40 minutes into the install with an ever-descriptive "Disk Read Error". Guess how i spent last weekend? My last idea was to install xp pro to the second partition and then use it to restore from backup to the first. After the first restart it gives me the error "Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem. Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware". My brain made one of those bad hard drive clicky noises. I've tried several boot disks but they don't seem to work. If anyone has a link to a good one it would be greatly appreciated. Anyone have any more ideas? - I really hate asking on what seems like such a simple issue but i am quite literally at my wit's end. Thanks - and sorry for the really long post.

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• Pushing Large Files to 500+ Computers [closed]

  - by WMIF

  I work with a team to manage 500-600 rented Windows 7 computers for an annual conference. We have a large amount of data that needs to be synced to these computers, up to 1 TiB. The computers are divided into rooms and connected through unmanaged gigabit switches. We prepare these computers ahead of time with the Windows installation and configuration, plus any files that we have available to us before we send the base image in for replication by the rental company. Every year, we have presenters approach on site with up to gigs of data that need to be pushed to the room that they will be presenting in. Sometimes they only have a few files that are small sizes, such as a slide PDF, but can sometimes be much larger 5 GiB. Our current strategy for pushing these files is using batch scripts and RoboCopy. For the large pushes, we actually use a BitTorrent client to generate a torrent file, and then we use the batch-RoboCopy to push the torrent into a folder on the remote machines that is being monitored by an installed BT client. Often times, this data needs to be pushed immediately with a small time window. We have several machines in a control room that are identical to the machines on the floor that we use for these pushes. We occasionally have a need to execute a program on the remote machines, and we currently use batch and PSexec to handle this task. We would love to be able to respond to these last minute pushes with "sorry, your own fault", but it won't happen. The BT method has allowed us to have a much faster response time, but the whole batch process can get messy when there are multiple jobs being pushed. We use Enterprise Ghost for other processes, and it doesn't work well in this large of scale, plus it is really quite expensive for a once-a-year task like this. EDIT: There is a hard requirement that the remote machines on the floor are running Windows. The control machines do not have a hard OS requirement. I would really like to stay away from Multicast because of complications with upstream routers. Is Multicast or BitTorrent the better way to go on this? Is there another protocol that might work better?

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• Why isn't passwordless ssh working?

  - by Nelson

  I have two Ubuntu Server machines sitting at home. One is 192.168.1.15 (we'll call this 15), and the other is 192.168.1.25 (we'll call this 25). For some reason, when I want to setup passwordless login from 15 to 25, it works like a champ. When I repeat the steps on 25, so that 25 can login without a password on 15, no dice. I have checked both sshd_config files. Both have: RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes I have checked permissions on both servers: drwx------ 2 bion2 bion2 4096 Dec 4 12:51 .ssh -rw------- 1 bion2 bion2 398 Dec 4 13:10 authorized_keys On 25. drwx------ 2 shimdidly shimdidly 4096 Dec 4 19:15 .ssh -rw------- 1 shimdidly shimdidly 1018 Dec 4 18:54 authorized_keys On 15. I just don't understand when things would work one way and not the other. I know it's probably something obvious just staring me in the face, but for the life of me, I can't figure out what is going on. Here's what ssh -v says when I try to ssh from 25 to 15: ssh -v -p 51337 192.168.1.15 OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.1.15 [192.168.1.15] port 51337. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.DSA-1024 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA 54:5c:60:80:74:ab:ab:31:36:a1:d3:9b:db:31:2a:ee debug1: Host '[192.168.1.15]:51337' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/shimdidly/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Offering DSA public key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/shimdidly/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: password

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• unable to connect site to different port

  - by JohnMerlino

  I have a domain was registered at godaddy named http://mysite.com/. I logged into godaddy and I went to All Products Domains Domain Management. I clicked on the appropriate domain and it took me to the Domain Details page. I clicked Launch under DNS Manager and it took me to the Zone File Editor. I noticed that notify.mysite.com was pointing to an IP address pointing to a dead server, so I switched it to an operating server. Then I pinged the domain to see where it was pointing to and it was correctly pointing to the working server. So I copied the default configuration under sites-available: sudo cp default notify.mysite.com. And then I made some edits to it to have it point to a different document root to serve files at a different port: Listen 1740 Listen 64.135.xx.xxx:1740 #I also tried this as well: NameVirtualHost 64.135.xx.xxx:1740 <VirtualHost 64.135.xx.xxx:1740> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName notify.mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www/test/public <Directory /var/www/test/public> Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> Then I enabled the virtual host. Then I went to the document root and added an index.html file with some text in it. Then I restarted apache. The restart gave no errors. Then I type the correct domain in URL: http://notify.mysite.com:1740/ and I get: Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to notify.mysite.com:1740 Somehow it took out all my other sites. Now even the ones that were responding on port 80 are no longe responding, even though I did not touch the virtual hosts for them. I get this message now: Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to mysite.com However, ping responds: ping mysite.com PING mysite.com (64.135.12.134): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 64.135.12.134: icmp_seq=0 ttl=49 time=20.839 ms 64 bytes from 64.135.12.134: icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=20.489 ms The result of telnet: $ telnet guarddoggps.com 80 Trying 64.135.12.134... telnet: connect to address 64.135.12.134: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host

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• Why configuring manual IP do not work for me in DHCP?

  - by user58859

  I have broadband connection in my laptop. It's getting the IP by protocol. configuration is : ip : 192.168.1.2 subnet : 255.255.255.0 gateway : 192.168.1.1 Now I am curious, In IPV4 properties when instead of choosing "Obtain an IP address automatically", I choose "Use the following IP address" and configure everything same, why it do not work? Do DHCP do not work when we configure the IP manually? (operating system : windows-7) EDIT : After configuring the ip manually, when I used ipconfig/all , it's showing dhcp enabled : NO. I am not doing it. Why it got disabled automatically? and how to enable it? DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

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• Restarting or stopping apache results in waiting forever

  - by steko

  I have two simple WSGI apps running on top of mod_wsgi and apache2 on a test development server. There is no mod_python on this machine. The WSGI configuration is as follows WSGIDaemonProcess tops stack-size=524288 maximum-requests=5 WSGIScriptAlias /tops /home/ubuntu/tops-cloud/tops.wsgi <Directory /home/ubuntu/tops-cloud> WSGIProcessGroup tops WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> WSGIDaemonProcess flaskal maximum-requests=5 WSGIScriptAlias /c14 /home/ubuntu/c14/flaskal/flaskal.wsgi <Directory /home/ubuntu/c14/flaskal> WSGIProcessGroup flaskal WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> If I make changes to the app, I need to restart the web server, so I would expect that a simple sudo service apache2 restart does what I need. Same goes for any changes to the config (e.g. number of maximum requests, etc). Instead, it never ends "waiting", like this: $ sudo service apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 ... waiting .................................................. until I just do CTRL-C. At that point, the only way to resume a working server is to kill the process and restart it, not very convenient. The same happens with the stop command. The error logs at the "debug" level show the following lines after a failed restart [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Shutdown requested 'tops'. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Stopping process 'tops'. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Destroying interpreters. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Cleanup interpreter ''. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Terminating Python. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Shutdown requested 'flaskal'. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Stopping process 'flaskal'. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Destroying interpreters. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Cleanup interpreter ''. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Terminating Python. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=8920): Python has shutdown. [Wed Nov 14 21:55:19 2012] [info] mod_wsgi (pid=9047): Python has shutdown. If I then try to restart again (with the process still running), I get the following error: * Restarting web server apache2 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs Action 'start' failed. The Apache error log may have more information. Unfortunately the Apache error log doesn't have anything. When apache2 is running properly, both apps work without any problem.

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• Weird nfs performance: 1 thread better than 8, 8 better than 2!

  - by Joe

  I'm trying to determine the cause of poor nfs performance between two Xen Virtual Machines (client & server) running on the same host. Specifically, the speed at which I can sequentially read a 1GB file on the client is much lower than what would be expected based on the measured network connection speed between the two VMs and the measured speed of reading the file directly on the server. The VMs are running Ubuntu 9.04 and the server is using the nfs-kernel-server package. According to various NFS tuning resources, changing the number of nfsd threads (in my case kernel threads) can affect performance. Usually this advice is framed in terms of increasing the number from the default of 8 on heavily-used servers. What I find in my current configuration: RPCNFSDCOUNT=8: (default): 13.5-30 seconds to cat a 1GB file on the client so 35-80MB/sec RPCNFSDCOUNT=16: 18s to cat the file 60MB/s RPCNFSDCOUNT=1: 8-9 seconds to cat the file (!!?!) 125MB/s RPCNFSDCOUNT=2: 87s to cat the file 12MB/s I should mention that the file I'm exporting is on a RevoDrive SSD mounted on the server using Xen's PCI-passthrough; on the server I can cat the file in under seconds ( 250MB/s). I am dropping caches on the client before each test. I don't really want to leave the server configured with just one thread as I'm guessing that won't work so well when there are multiple clients, but I might be misunderstanding how that works. I have repeated the tests a few times (changing the server config in between) and the results are fairly consistent. So my question is: why is the best performance with 1 thread? A few other things I have tried changing, to little or no effect: increasing the values of /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ipfrag_low_thresh and /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ipfrag_high_thresh to 512K, 1M from the default 192K,256K increasing the value of /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default and /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max to 1M from the default of 128K mounting with client options rsize=32768, wsize=32768 From the output of sar -d I understand that the actual read sizes going to the underlying device are rather small (<100 bytes) but this doesn't cause a problem when reading the file locally on the client. The RevoDrive actually exposes two "SATA" devices /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, then dmraid picks up a fakeRAID-0 striped across them which I have mounted to /mnt/ssd and then bind-mounted to /export/ssd. I've done local tests on my file using both locations and see the good performance mentioned above. If answers/comments ask for more details I will add them.

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• ffmpeg - join / merge on top of each other

  - by AisIceEyes

  I'm trying to join together two videos on top of each other. I already did these two ffmpeg commands ffmpeg -i 2_Out_of_Control.VOB -aspect 16:9 \ -vf "yadif=0:-1:0,crop=w=714:h=476:x=6:y=0,scale=1280:720,boxblur=lp=13" \ -c:v libx264 -preset medium \ -c:a copy \ '2(blurred)Out_of_Control.mp4' ffmpeg -i 2_Out_of_Control.VOB \ -vf "yadif=0:-1:0,crop=w=714:h=476:x=6:y=0,scale=1080:720" \ -c:v libx264 -preset medium \ -c:a copy \ '2(clear)Out_of_Control.mp4' I'm currently stuck on making the "clear" version on top of the "blurred" version. I'm not sure how to do that. Can anybody help please? Been googling for around 2 days already. Only achieved it by using OpenShot but yeah, would prefer if there is an ffmpeg command to merge the two videos on top of each other. Edit: I want the "clear" video to be at the center at the top of the "blurred" video Edit2: console output would be the same as above: ffmpeg -i 2(blurred)Out_of_Control.mp4 \ -i 2(clear)Out_of_Control.mp4 \ -aspect 16:9 \ -vf <just something that will join the two together: the blurred at the bottom, clear at top that is centered> \ -c:v libx264 -preset medium \ -c:a copy \ '2_Out_of_Control_VOB.mp4' Edit3: here is the output when I used ffmpeg -i 2_Out_of_Control.VOB $ ffmpeg -i 2_Out_of_Control.VOB ffmpeg version git-2013-10-03-c7fe2a3 Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers built on Oct 4 2013 05:22:06 with gcc 4.6 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) configuration: --prefix=/home/username/ffmpeg_build --extra-cflags=-I/home/username/ffmpeg_build/include --extra-ldflags=-L/home/username/ffmpeg_build/lib --bindir=/home/username/bin --extra-libs=-ldl --enable-gpl --enable-libass --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-nonfree --enable-x11grab libavutil 52. 46.100 / 52. 46.100 libavcodec 55. 34.100 / 55. 34.100 libavformat 55. 19.100 / 55. 19.100 libavdevice 55. 3.100 / 55. 3.100 libavfilter 3. 88.101 / 3. 88.101 libswscale 2. 5.100 / 2. 5.100 libswresample 0. 17.103 / 0. 17.103 libpostproc 52. 3.100 / 52. 3.100 Input #0, mpeg, from '2_Out_of_Control.VOB': Duration: 00:05:00.01, start: 0.500000, bitrate: 4574 kb/s Stream #0:0[0x1e0]: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p(tv, smpte170m), 720x480 [SAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], max. 9334 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc Stream #0:1[0x80]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 384 kb/s At least one output file must be specified $

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• Apache will not stop/start gracefully

  - by ddjammin

  CentOs 6 64bit running apache 2.2.15-29.el6.centos. When I try to stop/start or restart httpd I get an error that says it has failed. A tail of the error log is below. I also noticed that a httpd.pid file is not created even though it is configured in the main conf file. If I set selinux to permissive, it works just fine. I do not want to run it with selinux disabled. If I delete the SSL_Mutex file it will start. HTTPD was running fine until I tried to add the ssl configuration. I copied over the ssl.conf file from a working server into the conf.d folder. I also copied a sslcert folder into the conf folder. It contains the certs, key, csr and password file. I think the problem has to do with the selinux context for the sslcert folder that was copied but I am not certain and not sure how to fix it. Below is the security context for the sslcert folder after executing restorecon -R sslcert ls -Z -rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 httpd.conf -rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 magic **drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 sslcert** tail -f /var/log/httpd/error_log [Thu Oct 17 13:33:19 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec) [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ... [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Digest: done [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [warn] pid file /etc/httpd/logs/ssl.pid overwritten -- Unclean shutdown of previous Apache run? [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 mod_ssl/2.2.15 OpenSSL/1.0.0-fips configured -- resuming normal operations [Thu Oct 17 21:04:48 2013] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [notice] **SELinux policy enabled; httpd running as context system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0** [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec) [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [error] (17)File exists: Cannot create SSLMutex with file `/etc/httpd/logs/ssl_mutex' I also saw mention of possible issues with semaphores. Below is the output of the current semaphores and apache is currently not running. ipcs -s ------ Semaphore Arrays -------- key semid owner perms nsems 0x00000000 0 root 600 1 0x00000000 65537 root 600 1 Finally selinux reports the following error. `sealert -a /var/log/audit/audit.log` 0% donetype=AVC msg=audit(1382034755.118:420400): avc: denied { write } for pid=3393 comm="httpd" name="ssl_mutex" dev=dm-0 ino=9513484 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_log_t:s0 tclass=file **** Invalid AVC allowed in current policy *** 100% doneERROR: failed to read complete file, 1044649 bytes read out of total 1043317 bytes (/var/log/audit/audit.log) found 1 alerts in /var/log/audit/audit.log -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/httpd from remove_name access on the directory ssl_mutex.

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• BlueScreens on my ThinkPad with Windows 7 64 Bit and a SSD (CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION, ntoskernel.exe)

  - by pvorb

  I'm getting BlueScreens about every five days for more than three months. Here's an example: A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer. The problem seems to be caused by the following file: ntoskrnl.exe CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION If this is the first time you've seen this stop error screen, restart your computer. If this screen appears again, follow these steps: Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed. If this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer for any Windows updates you might need. If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware or software. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing. If you need to use safe mode to remove or disable components, restart your computer, press F8 to select Advanced Startup Options, and then select Safe Mode. Technical Information: *** STOP: 0x000000f4 (0x0000000000000003, 0xfffffa80065f2b30, 0xfffffa80065f2e10, 0xfffff80002f9bf40) *** ntoskrnl.exe - Address 0xfffff80002c98d00 base at 0xfffff80002c19000 DateStamp 0x4d9fdd5b It's has always been the same BlueScreen message showing CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION, 0x000000f4, and ntoskrnl.exe. Of course the addresses change. My computer is a ThinkPad T400 (about 2 years old) with a SSD in it. I'm also running Windows 7 Professional 64 bit. When I bought my computer, it had a 250GByte SeaGate HDD in it, which I replaced by a 500GByte HDD by Western Digital. Last september I bought a Corsair F120 SSD and replaced the HDD by this SSD. Then I bought a LEICKE HDD adapter for the UltraBay II where I plugged in my 500GByte HDD. This configuration ran about half a year without any errors. After re-installing Windows this spring, I am getting regular BlueScreens. Sometimes my system runs for about 2 weeks without a BSOD, sometimes I get several BlueScreens a day. The only thing that I noticed is, that I'm always running Google Chrome when it happens. Is there anyone who has made his/her own bad experiences whith some of my components or is there anybody who can tell me if it would be helpful to send my notebook to Lenovo? Thank you very much for your help on my issue! Regards, Paul

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• Nginx config - serving index.html not working

  - by Bill

  I can't figure out how to redirect / to index.html. I've gone through the threads on serverfault and I think I've tried every suggestion including: rewrite statements within location / index index.html at the server level, within location / and within static content moving node.js proxy statements to location ~ /i instead of within location / Obviously something is wrong somewhere else in my configuration. Here is my nginx.conf: worker_processes 1; pid /home/logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; error_log /home/logs/error.log; access_log /home/logs/access.log combined; include sites-enabled/*; } and my server config located in sites-enabled server { root /home/www/public; listen 80; server_name localhost; # proxy request to node location / { index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3010; proxy_redirect off; break; } # static content location ~ \.(?:ico|jpe?g|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|swf|xml|woff|eot|svg|ttf|html)$ { access_log off; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control public; expires 30d; } gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_proxied any; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; } Everything else is working just fine. Requests get proxied to node correctly and static content is served correctly. I just need to be able to forward requests made to / to /index.html.

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• Nginx Load Balancer 403 error

  - by user64473

  I am trying to install nginx as a load balancer with apache backends, so that when I point my sites to the nginx server it serves up the content from the apache backend. I have the apache configuration set up correctly on both (i.e when I go to the site on the apache servers it works great) but when I use the nginx load balancer as the site I get 403 error. I have no idea why as it isn't even accessing any files on the server, thusly there aren't any files to be forbidden access to. My virtual host is enabled and looks like this: upstream webs { server 10.0.0.30 weight=1; server 10.0.0.31 weight=1; } server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com example.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://webs; include /etc/nginx/proxy.conf; } } and my nginx.conf looks like this: user www-data; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; # multi_accept on; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffers 32 4k; } Can any geniuses out there tell me what I am doing wrong?

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• Windows Update and IE fail to connect, but Chrome fine?

  - by I Gottlieb

  Out of ideas on this one. (Running Windows Vista.) I have a program that accesses the internet to retrieve financial market data. One day it tells me that it can't log in -- timeout error. I check the documentation and it says must have a working copy of IE browser installed. I check IE (have IE9) and sure enough -- it just spins. No error message, not timeout, no 'try later' -- just spins -- as far as I can tell, indefinitely. Any page, any address. Even access to a localhost site just spins. Chrome works fine. So does another program I have that fetches market data. Windows 'diagnose and repair' says my internet connection is working fine. I tried uninstall/re-install of IE. Same spinning. I tried to install Windows Updates, and guess what? I can't. I comes up with error 80072efd; checked documentation for the error and it says I should check firewall blockage. Thing is, the only firewall I have is Windows Firewall, and obviously it wouldn't be blocking Windows Update. In contrast, Windows 'Help' in all programs has no problem accessing the Internet. I had a filter on the internet connection, and this was updated just prior to first appearance of the problem. But I uninstalled the filter entirely (official, with passwd from the company's service rep) -- and no difference. I'm guessing that a high level Windows network service file is corrupted -- used only by MS programs and their ilk, but how do I find it? I'd like to avoid having to do a clean install of Windows. Much obliged for any insight. IG Ramhound -- Thanks for reply. I'm familiar with virtual machines as in e.g. JVM or an emulator for an alternative architecture or (theoretical) Turing Machine equivalence. But I'm not familiar with the way you're using the term. Please clarify -- what one needs for this VM 'test' and why you expect it will provide an advantage of insight into the problem. And what sort of 'configuration issue' are you referring to? IG

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• Windows 7 startup MUCH slower after reinstall (on an SSD)

  - by user326639

  I installed Windows 7 Prof 64 bits OEM (Spanish) on my new machine. As I wanted my Windows to be in English, the web shop where I bought the DVD recomended me to download an ISO file with the same Windows version (but in English), burn it on a DVD and install it. And that I should be able to use my registration code. Location ISO: http://msft-dnl.digitalrivercontent.net/msvista/pub/X15-65805/X15-65805.iso I've done this and everything works (I have not activated my Windows yet but I expect no problem there). Just one thing: its startup is MUCH slower now! Have a look at my PC specs (bottom). On my first install (Spanish), it was like: - motherboard splash screen -- shows for a second or two - list of found drives -- a few seconds - the text "Windows starting" -- about a second before the dots appear - four collored dots form the Windows logo -- a few seconds after the logo is fully formed it moves on to the login screen. On my second install (English): - motherboard splash screen -- shows for 15 seconds - list of found drives -- a few seconds - the text "Windows starting" -- shows for 40 seconds before the dots appear - four collored dots form the Windows logo -- now it moves on to the login screen about equally fast as before. Ones it's up and running it seems to be as responsive as before, although it's possible that I'm not noticing the difference. I did the first install on the virgin SSD drive straight from the box. The second time I let the Windows installation program format the drive first to get rid of the old installation. I noticed that there were two partitions on my SSD: partition 1, 100 Mb, "reserved for the system" and partition 2, 111.7 Gb. I only formated the big partition, and I left the system partition untouched. Between the two installs, I didn't open the computer so everything is connected to the same port. I did not change anything in BIOS. Has Windows not recognized my SSD as an SSD but as a normal HDD. I suspect that Windows has not done the neccesary automatic configuration settings that it should do for SSD's (but that's just a hunch). How do I get my SSD back into its virgin state, as if it came right from the box, so I can go for a 3rd attempt to install windows. Should I use DISKPART? Other ideas are welcome. Specifications: mobo: Gigabyte GA-Z68X-UD3H-B3 CPU: i7-2600K SSD: OCZ Agility3 2,5" HDD: Samsung Spinpoint F4 mem: Kingston HyperX DIMM 8 Gb DDR3-1600

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• [CentOS 4.8] nslookup resolves domains to IPs, but I can't get a response to pings to external servers

  - by Beco

  I have a fresh install of CentOS 4.8 running on an internal development server. I haven't done anything to it besides setting up sudoers and SSH. I can SSH into the server and from there resolve domains to IPs and ping internal servers, but for some reason I don't get any response from pinging external servers. The software firewall is disabled, and the problem is present with both static and DHCP-assigned network configurations. The network domain controller is a Windows Server 2003 box. $ nslookup google.com Server: 10.254.2.5 Address: 10.254.2.5#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: google.com Address: 74.125.47.147 Name: google.com Address: 74.125.47.99 <etc...> 10.254.2.5 is the Win2K3 server. $ ping google.com PING google.com (74.125.47.106) 56(84) bytes of data. It just hangs here indefinitely. $ cat /etc/resolv.conf ; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script search <...snip...>.local nameserver 10.254.2.5 nameserver 10.254.2.124 10.254.2.124 is the backup DC server, which is currently off and tombstoned by this point. The snipped section is our company name. # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr <snip> inet addr:10.254.2.101 Bcast:10.254.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: <snip>/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:80066 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:7810133 (7.4 MiB) TX bytes:590550 (576.7 KiB) Interrupt:225 Base address:0xc000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8104 (7.9 KiB) TX bytes:8104 (7.9 KiB) # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.254.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.254.2.5 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 And, for good measure, a snapshot of the current ethernet config via the system-config-network GUI. Edit: I don't yet have enough rep to post images, so here's a link. Sorry! system-config-network snapshot I'm pretty green when it comes to setting up *nix dev servers and network configuration in general, so please let me know if I've left out critical information, or posted information I shouldn't have posted. Thanks!

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• What server setup for a small web development company? [closed]

  - by Giordano

  I co-own a company with a friend of mine and we have decided to buy a new server to support our business (our current server is an Asus EEE Box, working great but too limited :) ). I should mention that we are web developers but occasionally we do small-office sys admin. Thus, 99% of time we work on GNU/Linux (mainly Ubuntu) but from time to time we need to setup a Windows environment to assist some customers (e.g. setup a temporary SQL Server 2008). Our requirements: Low budget: we don't want the cheapest solution out there but we can't afford to spend too much. Budget could be ~1000-1500€ (before VAT) Robustness: we would like to setup a RAID array and maybe have an external disk where we can store backups Virtualization: we need to be able to setup few servers for development. The scenario is something like this (~8 appliances running in parallel): Redmine + GIT server Bacula server FTP server 3-4 virtual appliances that could be set up on demand to test our applications or support a customer. The appliances could be: LAMP, Tomcat+PostgreSQL, SQL Server Support: if something breaks down it shouldn't be too difficult to find a replacement. Now, given the main requirements, there are some doubts we need to clarify: Do you suggest to buy a prepackaged solution (for example a customized Dell PowerEdge T110 or T310) or to assemble the server by ourselves (buy the separate components)? What RAID configuration do you suggest? I was thinking of RAID1 (probably cheaper) or RAID5. should we buy a hardware RAID controller or is it ok to use a software RAID (mdadm)? In case, which controller do you suggest? What processor do you suggest (Intel Xeon, i3, i5, i7, AMD)? How much RAM? (I was thinking at least 8GB, ~1GB per appliance) What virtualization software do you recommend? VMWare seems to be the best choice, but what about XEN or KVM? We don't want to buy licenses at the moment so we would like to consider only free options. What OS do you recommend? We know Ubuntu, Debian, Gentoo very well (we would like to use Ubuntu Server), however it seems a lot of people goes for CentOS. Thanks in advance if you can help us with this! It's our first "serious" server so many doubts popped up :) Please feel free to add further recommendations if you have some to share ;) Have a nice day

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• ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4

  - by JohnMerlino

  A remote machine running fedora uses openvpn, and multiple developers were successfully able to connect to it via their client openvpn. However, I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I am having trouble connecting to the server via vpn. I copied ca.crt, home.key, and home.crt from the server to my local machine to /etc/openvpn folder. My client.conf file looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote xx.xxx.xx.130 1194 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nogroup # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ca.crt cert home.crt key home.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 But when I start server and look in /var/log/syslog, I notice the following error: May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: ERROR: Linux route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 4 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 172.27.12.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.27.12.37 May 27 22:13:51 myuser ovpn-client[5626]: /sbin/route add -net 10.27.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 10.27.12.37 And I am unable to connect to the server via openvpn: $ ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host xxx.xx.xx.130 port 22: No route to host What may I be doing wrong?

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• Use ASP.NET 4 Browser Definitions with ASP.NET 3.5

  - by Stephen Walther

  We updated the browser definitions files included with ASP.NET 4 to include information on recent browsers and devices such as Google Chrome and the iPhone. You can use these browser definition files with earlier versions of ASP.NET such as ASP.NET 3.5. The updated browser definition files, and instructions for installing them, can be found here: http://aspnet.codeplex.com/releases/view/41420 The changes in the browser definition files can cause backwards compatibility issues when you upgrade an ASP.NET 3.5 web application to ASP.NET 4. If you encounter compatibility issues, you can install the old browser definition files in your ASP.NET 4 application. The old browser definition files are included in the download file referenced above. What’s New in the ASP.NET 4 Browser Definition Files The complete set of browsers supported by the new ASP.NET 4 browser definition files is represented by the following figure:     If you look carefully at the figure, you’ll notice that we added browser definitions for several types of recent browsers such as Internet Explorer 8, Firefox 3.5, Google Chrome, Opera 10, and Safari 4. Furthermore, notice that we now include browser definitions for several of the most popular mobile devices: BlackBerry, IPhone, IPod, and Windows Mobile (IEMobile). The mobile devices appear in the figure with a purple background color. To improve performance, we removed a whole lot of outdated browser definitions for old cell phones and mobile devices. We also cleaned up the information contained in the browser files. Here are some of the browser features that you can detect: Are you a mobile device? <%=Request.Browser.IsMobileDevice %> Are you an IPhone? <%=Request.Browser.MobileDeviceModel == "IPhone" %> What version of JavaScript do you support? <%=Request.Browser["javascriptversion"] %> What layout engine do you use? <%=Request.Browser["layoutEngine"] %>   Here’s what you would get if you displayed the value of these properties using Internet Explorer 8: Here’s what you get when you use Google Chrome: Testing Browser Settings When working with browser definition files, it is useful to have some way to test the capability information returned when you request a page with different browsers. You can use the following method to return the HttpBrowserCapabilities the corresponds to a particular user agent string and set of browser headers: public HttpBrowserCapabilities GetBrowserCapabilities(string userAgent, NameValueCollection headers) { HttpBrowserCapabilities browserCaps = new HttpBrowserCapabilities(); Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable(180, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); hashtable[string.Empty] = userAgent; // The actual method uses client target browserCaps.Capabilities = hashtable; var capsFactory = new System.Web.Configuration.BrowserCapabilitiesFactory(); capsFactory.ConfigureBrowserCapabilities(headers, browserCaps); capsFactory.ConfigureCustomCapabilities(headers, browserCaps); return browserCaps; } At the end of this blog entry, there is a link to download a simple Visual Studio 2008 project – named Browser Definition Test -- that uses this method to display capability information for arbitrary user agent strings. For example, if you enter the user agent string for an iPhone then you get the results in the following figure: The Browser Definition Test application enables you to submit a user-agent string and display a table of browser capabilities information. The browser definition files contain sample user-agent strings for each browser definition. I got the iPhone user-agent string from the comments in the iphone.browser file. Enumerating Browser Definitions Someone asked in the comments whether or not there is a way to enumerate all of the browser definitions. You can do this if you ware willing to use a little reflection and read a private property. The browser definition files in the config\browsers folder get parsed into a class named BrowserCapabilitesFactory. After you run the aspnet_regbrowsers tool, you can see the source for this class in the config\browser folder by opening a file named BrowserCapsFactory.cs. The BrowserCapabilitiesFactoryBase class has a protected property named BrowserElements that represents a Hashtable of all of the browser definitions. Here's how you can read this protected property and display the ID for all of the browser definitions: var propInfo = typeof(BrowserCapabilitiesFactory).GetProperty("BrowserElements", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance); Hashtable browserDefinitions = (Hashtable)propInfo.GetValue(new BrowserCapabilitiesFactory(), null); foreach (var key in browserDefinitions.Keys) { Response.Write("" + key); } If you run this code using Visual Studio 2008 then you get the following results: You get a huge number of outdated browsers and devices. In all, 449 browser definitions are listed. If you run this code using Visual Studio 2010 then you get the following results: In the case of Visual Studio 2010, all the old browsers and devices have been removed and you get only 19 browser definitions. Conclusion The updated browser definition files included in ASP.NET 4 provide more accurate information for recent browsers and devices. If you would like to test the new browser definitions with different user-agent strings then I recommend that you download the Browser Definition Test project: Browser Definition Test Project

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• JMS Step 1 - How to Create a Simple JMS Queue in Weblogic Server 11g

  - by John-Brown.Evans

  JMS Step 1 - How to Create a Simple JMS Queue in Weblogic Server 11g ol{margin:0;padding:0} .c5{vertical-align:top;width:156pt;border-style:solid;border-color:#000000;border-width:1pt;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 2pt} .c7{list-style-type:disc;margin:0;padding:0} .c4{background-color:#ffffff} .c14{color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline} .c6{height:11pt;text-align:center} .c13{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit} .c3{padding-left:0pt;margin-left:36pt} .c0{border-collapse:collapse} .c12{text-align:center} .c1{direction:ltr} .c8{background-color:#f3f3f3} .c2{line-height:1.0} .c11{font-style:italic} .c10{height:11pt} .c9{font-weight:bold} .title{padding-top:24pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:36pt;font-family:"Arial";font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:6pt}.subtitle{padding-top:18pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666666;font-style:italic;font-size:24pt;font-family:"Georgia";padding-bottom:4pt} li{color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial"} p{color:#000000;font-size:10pt;margin:0;font-family:"Arial"} h1{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Arial";font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0pt} h2{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Arial";font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0pt} h3{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Arial";font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0pt} h4{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-style:italic;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";padding-bottom:0pt} h5{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0pt} h6{padding-top:0pt;line-height:1.15;text-align:left;color:#666;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";padding-bottom:0pt} This example shows the steps to create a simple JMS queue in WebLogic Server 11g for testing purposes. For example, to use with the two sample programs QueueSend.java and QueueReceive.java which will be shown in later examples. Additional, detailed information on JMS can be found in the following Oracle documentation: Oracle® Fusion Middleware Configuring and Managing JMS for Oracle WebLogic Server 11g Release 1 (10.3.6) Part Number E13738-06 http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23943_01/web.1111/e13738/toc.htm 1. Introduction and Definitions A JMS queue in Weblogic Server is associated with a number of additional resources: JMS Server A JMS server acts as a management container for resources within JMS modules. Some of its responsibilities include the maintenance of persistence and state of messages and subscribers. A JMS server is required in order to create a JMS module. JMS Module A JMS module is a definition which contains JMS resources such as queues and topics. A JMS module is required in order to create a JMS queue. Subdeployment JMS modules are targeted to one or more WLS instances or a cluster. Resources within a JMS module, such as queues and topics are also targeted to a JMS server or WLS server instances. A subdeployment is a grouping of targets. It is also known as advanced targeting. Connection Factory A connection factory is a resource that enables JMS clients to create connections to JMS destinations. JMS Queue A JMS queue (as opposed to a JMS topic) is a point-to-point destination type. A message is written to a specific queue or received from a specific queue. The objects used in this example are: Object Name Type JNDI Name TestJMSServer JMS Server TestJMSModule JMS Module TestSubDeployment Subdeployment TestConnectionFactory Connection Factory jms/TestConnectionFactory TestJMSQueue JMS Queue jms/TestJMSQueue 2. Configuration Steps The following steps are done in the WebLogic Server Console, beginning with the left-hand navigation menu. 2.1 Create a JMS Server Services > Messaging > JMS Servers Select New Name: TestJMSServer Persistent Store: (none) Target: soa_server1  (or choose an available server) Finish The JMS server should now be visible in the list with Health OK. 2.2 Create a JMS Module Services > Messaging > JMS Modules Select New Name: TestJMSModule Leave the other options empty Targets: soa_server1  (or choose the same one as the JMS server)Press Next Leave “Would you like to add resources to this JMS system module” unchecked and  press Finish . 2.3 Create a SubDeployment A subdeployment is not necessary for the JMS queue to work, but it allows you to easily target subcomponents of the JMS module to a single target or group of targets. We will use the subdeployment in this example to target the following connection factory and JMS queue to the JMS server we created earlier. Services > Messaging > JMS Modules Select TestJMSModule Select the Subdeployments  tab and New Subdeployment Name: TestSubdeployment Press Next Here you can select the target(s) for the subdeployment. You can choose either Servers (i.e. WebLogic managed servers, such as the soa_server1) or JMS Servers such as the JMS Server created earlier. As the purpose of our subdeployment in this example is to target a specific JMS server, we will choose the JMS Server option. Select the TestJMSServer created earlier Press Finish 2.4  Create a Connection Factory Services > Messaging > JMS Modules Select TestJMSModule  and press New Select Connection Factory  and Next Name: TestConnectionFactory JNDI Name: jms/TestConnectionFactory Leave the other values at default On the Targets page, select the Advanced Targeting  button and select TestSubdeployment Press Finish The connection factory should be listed on the following page with TestSubdeployment and TestJMSServer as the target. 2.5 Create a JMS Queue Services > Messaging > JMS Modules Select TestJMSModule  and press New Select Queue and Next Name: TestJMSQueueJNDI Name: jms/TestJMSQueueTemplate: NonePress Next Subdeployments: TestSubdeployment Finish The TestJMSQueue should be listed on the following page with TestSubdeployment and TestJMSServer. Confirm the resources for the TestJMSModule. Using the Domain Structure tree, navigate to soa_domain > Services > Messaging > JMS Modules then select TestJMSModule You should see the following resources The JMS queue is now complete and can be accessed using the JNDI names jms/TestConnectionFactory andjms/TestJMSQueue. In the following blog post in this series, I will show you how to write a message to this queue, using the WebLogic sample Java program QueueSend.java.

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• Dec 5th Links: ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, jQuery, Silverlight, Visual Studio

  - by ScottGu

  Here is the latest in my link-listing series.  Also check out my VS 2010 and .NET 4 series for another on-going blog series I’m working on. [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] ASP.NET ASP.NET Code Samples Collection: J.D. Meier has a great post that provides a detailed round-up of ASP.NET code samples and tutorials from a wide variety of sources.  Lots of useful pointers. Slash your ASP.NET compile/load time without any hard work: Nice article that details a bunch of optimizations you can make to speed up ASP.NET project load and compile times. You might also want to read my previous blog post on this topic here. 10 Essential Tools for Building ASP.NET Websites: Great article by Stephen Walther on 10 great (and free) tools that enable you to more easily build great ASP.NET Websites.  Highly recommended reading. Optimize Images using the ASP.NET Sprite and Image Optimization Framework: A nice article by 4GuysFromRolla that discusses how to use the open-source ASP.NET Sprite and Image Optimization Framework (one of the tools recommended by Stephen in the previous article).  You can use this to significantly improve the load-time of your pages on the client. Formatting Dates, Times and Numbers in ASP.NET: Scott Mitchell has a great article that discusses formatting dates, times and numbers in ASP.NET.  A very useful link to bookmark.  Also check out James Michael’s DateTime is Packed with Goodies blog post for other DateTime tips. Examining ASP.NET’s Membership, Roles and Profile APIs (Part 18): Everything you could possibly want to known about ASP.NET’s built-in Membership, Roles and Profile APIs must surely be in this tutorial series. Part 18 covers how to store additional user info with Membership. ASP.NET with jQuery An Introduction to jQuery Templates: Stephen Walther has written an outstanding introduction and tutorial on the new jQuery Template plugin that the ASP.NET team has contributed to the jQuery project. Composition with jQuery Templates and jQuery Templates, Composite Rendering, and Remote Loading: Dave Ward has written two nice posts that talk about composition scenarios with jQuery Templates and some cool scenarios you can enable with them. Using jQuery and ASP.NET to Build a News Ticker: Scott Mitchell has a nice tutorial that demonstrates how to build a dynamically updated “news ticker” style UI with ASP.NET and jQuery. Checking All Checkboxes in a GridView using jQuery: Scott Mitchell has a nice post that covers how to use jQuery to enable a checkbox within a GridView’s header to automatically check/uncheck all checkboxes contained within rows of it. Using jQuery to POST Form Data to an ASP.NET AJAX Web Service: Rick Strahl has a nice post that discusses how to capture form variables and post them to an ASP.NET AJAX Web Service (.asmx). ASP.NET MVC ASP.NET MVC Diagnostics Using NuGet: Phil Haack has a nice post that demonstrates how to easily install a diagnostics page (using NuGet) that can help identify and diagnose common configuration issues within your apps. ASP.NET MVC 3 JsonValueProviderFactory: James Hughes has a nice post that discusses how to take advantage of the new JsonValueProviderFactory support built into ASP.NET MVC 3.  This makes it easy to post JSON payloads to MVC action methods. Practical jQuery Mobile with ASP.NET MVC: James Hughes has another nice post that discusses how to use the new jQuery Mobile library with ASP.NET MVC to build great mobile web applications. Credit Card Validator for ASP.NET MVC 3: Benjii Me has a nice post that demonstrates how to build a [CreditCard] validator attribute that can be used to easily validate credit card numbers are in the correct format with ASP.NET MVC. Silverlight Silverlight FireStarter Keynote and Sessions: A great blog post from John Papa that contains pointers and descriptions of all the great Silverlight content we published last week at the Silverlight FireStarter.  You can watch all of the talks online.  More details on my keynote and Silverlight 5 announcements can be found here. 31 Days of Windows Phone 7: 31 great tutorials on how to build Windows Phone 7 applications (using Silverlight).  Silverlight for Windows Phone Toolkit Update: David Anson has a nice post that discusses some of the additional controls provided with the Silverlight for Windows Phone Toolkit. Visual Studio JavaScript Editor Extensions: A nice (and free) Visual Studio plugin built by the web tools team that significantly improves the JavaScript intellisense support within Visual Studio. HTML5 Intellisense for Visual Studio: Gil has a blog post that discusses a new extension my team has posted to the Visual Studio Extension Gallery that adds HTML5 schema support to Visual Studio 2008 and 2010. Team Build + Web Deployment + Web Deploy + VS 2010 = Goodness: Visual blogs about how to enable a continuous deployment system with VS 2010, TFS 2010 and the Microsoft Web Deploy framework.  Visual Studio 2010 Emacs Emulation Extension and VIM Emulation Extension: Check out these two extensions if you are fond of Emacs and VIM key bindings and want to enable them within Visual Studio 2010. Hope this helps, Scott

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• ASP.NET MVC Custom Profile Provider

  - by Ben Griswold

  It’s been a long while since I last used the ASP.NET Profile provider. It’s a shame, too, because it just works with very little development effort: Membership tables installed? Check. Profile enabled in web.config? Check. SqlProfileProvider connection string set? Check.  Profile properties defined in said web.config file? Check. Write code to set value, read value, build and test. Check. Check. Check.  Yep, I thought the built-in Profile stuff was pure gold until I noticed how the user-based information is persisted to the database. It’s stored as xml and, well, that was going to be trouble if I ever wanted to query the profile data.  So, I have avoided the super-easy-to-use ASP.NET Profile provider ever since, until this week, when I decided I could use it to store user-specific properties which I am 99% positive I’ll never need to query against ever.  I opened up my ASP.NET MVC application, completed steps 1-4 (above) in about 3 minutes, started writing my profile get/set code and that’s where the plan broke down.  Oh yeah. That’s right.  Visual Studio auto-generates a strongly-type Profile reference for web site projects but not for ASP.NET MVC or Web Applications.  Bummer. So, I went through the steps of getting a customer profile provider working in my ASP.NET MVC application: First, I defined a CurrentUser routine and my profile properties in a custom Profile class like so: using System.Web.Profile; using System.Web.Security; using Project.Core;   namespace Project.Web.Context {     public class MemberPreferencesProfile : ProfileBase     {         static public MemberPreferencesProfile CurrentUser         {             get             {                 return (MemberPreferencesProfile)                     Create(Membership.GetUser().UserName);             }         }           public Enums.PresenceViewModes? ViewMode         {             get { return ((Enums.PresenceViewModes)                     ( base["ViewMode"] ?? Enums.PresenceViewModes.Category)); }             set { base["ViewMode"] = value; Save(); }         }     } } And then I replaced the existing profile configuration web.config with the following: <profile enabled="true" defaultProvider="MvcSqlProfileProvider"          inherits="Project.Web.Context.MemberPreferencesProfile">        <providers>     <clear/>     <add name="MvcSqlProfileProvider"          type="System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProvider, System.Web,          Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"          connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/"/>   </providers> </profile> Notice that profile is enabled, I’ve defined the defaultProvider and profile is now inheriting from my custom MemberPreferencesProfile class.  Finally, I am now able to set and get profile property values nearly the same way as I did with website projects: viewMode = MemberPreferencesProfile.CurrentUser.ViewMode; MemberPreferencesProfile.CurrentUser.ViewMode = viewMode;

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• Framework 4 Features: Summary of Security enhancements

  - by Anthony Shorten

  In the last log entry I mentioned one of the new security features in Oracle Utilities Application Framework 4.0.1. Security is one of the major "tent poles" (to borrow a phrase from Steve Jobs) in this release of the framework. There are a number of security related enhancements requested by customers and as a result of internal reviews that we have introduced. Here is a summary of some of the security enchancements we have added in this release: Security Cache Changes - Security authorization information is automatically cached on the server for performance reasons (security is checked for every single call the product makes for all modes of access). Prior to this release the cache auto-refreshed every 30 minutes (or so). This has beem made more nimble by supporting a cache refresh every minute (or so). This means authorization changes are reflected quicker than before. Business Level security - Business Services are configurable services that are based upon Application Services. Typically, the business service inherited its security profile from its parent service. Whilst this is sufficient for most needs, it is now required to further specify security on the Business Service definition itself. This will allow granular security and allow the same application service to be exposed as different Business Services with their own security. This is particularly useful when you base a Business Service on a query zone. User Propogation - As with other client server applications, the database connections are pooled and shared as needed. This means that a common database user is used to access the database from the pool to allow sharing. Unfortunently, this means that tracability at the database level is that much harder. In Oracle Utilities Application Framework V4 the end userid is now propogated to the database using the CLIENT_IDENTIFIER as part of the Oracle JDBC connection API. This not only means that the common database userid is still used but the end user is indentifiable for the duration of the database call. This can be used for monitoring or to hook into Oracle's database security products. This enhancement is only available to Oracle Database customers. Enhanced Security Definitions - Security Administrators use the product browser front end to control access rights of defined users. While this is sufficient for most sites, a new security portal has been introduced to speed up the maintenance of security information. Oracle Identity Manager Integration - With the popularity of Oracle's Identity Management Suite, the Framework now provides an integration adapter and Identity Manager Generic Transport Connector (GTC) to allow users and group membership to be provisioned to any Oracle Utilities Application Framework based product from Oracle's Identity Manager. This is also available for Oracle Utilties Application Framework V2.2 customers. Refer to My Oracle Support KBid 970785.1 - Oracle Identity Manager Integration Overview. Audit On Inquiry - Typically the configurable audit facility in the Oracle Utilities Application Framework is used to audit changes to records. In Oracle Utilities Application Framework the Business Services and Service Scripts could be configured to audit inquiries as well. Now it is possible to attach auditing capabilities to zones on the product (including base package ones). Time Zone Support - In some of the Oracle Utilities Application Framework based products, the timezone of the end user is a factor in the processing. The user object has been extended to allow the recording of time zone information for use in product functionality. JAAS Suport - Internally the Oracle Utilities Application Framework uses a number of techniques to validate and transmit security information across the architecture. These various methods have been reconciled into using Java Authentication and Authorization Services for standardized security. This is strictly an internal change with no direct on how security operates externally. JMX Based Cache Management - In the last bullet point, I mentioned extra security applied to cache management from the browser. Alternatively a JMX based interface is now provided to allow IT operations to control the cache without the browser interface. This JMX capability can be initiated from a JSR120 compliant JMX console or JMX browser. I will be writing another more detailed blog entry on the JMX enhancements as it is quite a change and an exciting direction for the product line. Data Patch Permissions - The database installer provided with the product required lower levels of security for some operations. At some sites they wanted the ability for non-DBA's to execute the utilities in a controlled fashion. The framework now allows feature configuration to allow delegation for patch execution. User Enable Support - At some sites, the use of temporary staff such as contractors is commonplace. In this scenario, temporary security setups were required and used. A potential issue has arisen when the contractor left the company. Typically the IT group would remove the contractor from the security repository to prevent login using that contractors userid but the userid could NOT be removed from the authorization model becuase of audit requirements (if any user in the product updates financials or key data their userid is recorded for audit purposes). It is now possible to effectively diable the user from the security model to prevent any use of the useridwhilst retaining audit information. These are a subset of the security changes in Oracle Utilities Application Framework. More details about the security capabilities of the product is contained in My Oracle Support KB Id 773473.1 - Oracle Utilities Application Framework Security Overview.

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• Parallelism in .NET – Part 16, Creating Tasks via a TaskFactory

  - by Reed

  The Task class in the Task Parallel Library supplies a large set of features.  However, when creating the task, and assigning it to a TaskScheduler, and starting the Task, there are quite a few steps involved.  This gets even more cumbersome when multiple tasks are involved.  Each task must be constructed, duplicating any options required, then started individually, potentially on a specific scheduler.  At first glance, this makes the new Task class seem like more work than ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem in .NET 3.5. In order to simplify this process, and make Tasks simple to use in simple cases, without sacrificing their power and flexibility, the Task Parallel Library added a new class: TaskFactory. The TaskFactory class is intended to “Provide support for creating and scheduling Task objects.”  Its entire purpose is to simplify development when working with Task instances.  The Task class provides access to the default TaskFactory via the Task.Factory static property.  By default, TaskFactory uses the default TaskScheduler to schedule tasks on a ThreadPool thread.  By using Task.Factory, we can automatically create and start a task in a single “fire and forget” manner, similar to how we did with ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem: Task.Factory.StartNew(() => this.ExecuteBackgroundWork(myData) ); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This provides us with the same level of simplicity we had with ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem, but even more power.  For example, we can now easily wait on the task: // Start our task on a background thread var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => this.ExecuteBackgroundWork(myData) ); // Do other work on the main thread, // while the task above executes in the background this.ExecuteWorkSynchronously(); // Wait for the background task to finish task.Wait(); TaskFactory simplifies creation and startup of simple background tasks dramatically. In addition to using the default TaskFactory, it’s often useful to construct a custom TaskFactory.  The TaskFactory class includes an entire set of constructors which allow you to specify the default configuration for every Task instance created by that factory.  This is particularly useful when using a custom TaskScheduler.  For example, look at the sample code for starting a task on the UI thread in Part 15: // Given the following, constructed on the UI thread // TaskScheduler uiScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext(); // When inside a background task, we can do string status = GetUpdatedStatus(); (new Task(() => { statusLabel.Text = status; })) .Start(uiScheduler); This is actually quite a bit more complicated than necessary.  When we create the uiScheduler instance, we can use that to construct a TaskFactory that will automatically schedule tasks on the UI thread.  To do that, we’d create the following on our main thread, prior to constructing our background tasks: // Construct a task scheduler from the current SynchronizationContext (UI thread) var uiScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext(); // Construct a new TaskFactory using our UI scheduler var uiTaskFactory = new TaskFactory(uiScheduler); If we do this, when we’re on a background thread, we can use this new TaskFactory to marshal a Task back onto the UI thread.  Our previous code simplifies to: // When inside a background task, we can do string status = GetUpdatedStatus(); // Update our UI uiTaskFactory.StartNew( () => statusLabel.Text = status); Notice how much simpler this becomes!  By taking advantage of the convenience provided by a custom TaskFactory, we can now marshal to set data on the UI thread in a single, clear line of code!

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• Cannot Install/Start MySQL Server

  - by Peezy Bro

  Okay, I decided to migrate from MySQL Server 5.5.37 to Percona Server 5.6. I ended up removing MySQL Server by the following: sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 mysql-client mysql-client-core-5.5 mysql-common sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get autoclean rm -rf /var/lib/mysql rm -rf /etc/mysql Now here is my problem, when I try to install MySQL Server 5.6 it goes through its process and when it asks me for a password, it comes up with Cannot set MySQL "root" password. After it "installs" MySQL wont start up and I get permission denied?. Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 35 not upgraded. brandon@brandon-DB:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libmysqlclient18 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.5 mysql-client-core-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 Suggested packages: libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libsql-statement-perl tinyca mailx The following NEW packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libmysqlclient18 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.5 mysql-client-core-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 35 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/8,955 kB of archives. After this operation, 96.3 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common. (Reading database ... 167760 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb ... Unpacking mysql-common (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libmysqlclient18:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libmysqlclient18_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libmysqlclient18:amd64 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libdbi-perl. Preparing to unpack .../libdbi-perl_1.630-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libdbi-perl (1.630-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libdbd-mysql-perl. Preparing to unpack .../libdbd-mysql-perl_4.025-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libdbd-mysql-perl (4.025-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libterm-readkey-perl. Preparing to unpack .../libterm-readkey-perl_2.31-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libterm-readkey-perl (2.31-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.5. Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-core-5.5_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.5. Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-5.5_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-client-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.5. Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.5_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Setting up mysql-common (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.5. (Reading database ... 168116 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.5_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server. Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb ... Unpacking mysql-server (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ... Setting up libmysqlclient18:amd64 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up libdbi-perl (1.630-1) ... Setting up libdbd-mysql-perl (4.025-1) ... Setting up libterm-readkey-perl (2.31-1) ... Setting up mysql-client-core-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up mysql-client-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... Setting up mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ... start: Job failed to start invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed. dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-5.5 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server: mysql-server depends on mysql-server-5.5; however: Package mysql-server-5.5 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... Errors were encountered while processing: mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I have all my database/tables dumped and on a seperate HDD. This is also a Dev Machine and not my main Production Machine. I also backed up the MySQL_Config and MySQL_Data.

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• 8 Backup Tools Explained for Windows 7 and 8

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Backups on Windows can be confusing. Whether you’re using Windows 7 or 8, you have quite a few integrated backup tools to think about. Windows 8 made quite a few changes, too. You can also use third-party backup software, whether you want to back up to an external drive or back up your files to online storage. We won’t cover third-party tools here — just the ones built into Windows. Backup and Restore on Windows 7 Windows 7 has its own Backup and Restore feature that lets you create backups manually or on a schedule. You’ll find it under Backup and Restore in the Control Panel. The original version of Windows 8 still contained this tool, and named it Windows 7 File Recovery. This allowed former Windows 7 users to restore files from those old Windows 7 backups or keep using the familiar backup tool for a little while. Windows 7 File Recovery was removed in Windows 8.1. System Restore System Restore on both Windows 7 and 8 functions as a sort of automatic system backup feature. It creates backup copies of important system and program files on a schedule or when you perform certain tasks, such as installing a hardware driver. If system files become corrupted or your computer’s software becomes unstable, you can use System Restore to restore your system and program files from a System Restore point. This isn’t a way to back up your personal files. It’s more of a troubleshooting feature that uses backups to restore your system to its previous working state. Previous Versions on Windows 7 Windows 7′s Previous Versions feature allows you to restore older versions of files — or deleted files. These files can come from backups created with Windows 7′s Backup and Restore feature, but they can also come from System Restore points. When Windows 7 creates a System Restore point, it will sometimes contain your personal files. Previous Versions allows you to extract these personal files from restore points. This only applies to Windows 7. On Windows 8, System Restore won’t create backup copies of your personal files. The Previous Versions feature was removed on Windows 8. File History Windows 8 replaced Windows 7′s backup tools with File History, although this feature isn’t enabled by default. File History is designed to be a simple, easy way to create backups of your data files on an external drive or network location. File History replaces both Windows 7′s Backup and Previous Versions features. Windows System Restore won’t create copies of personal files on Windows 8. This means you can’t actually recover older versions of files until you enable File History yourself — it isn’t enabled by default. System Image Backups Windows also allows you to create system image backups. These are backup images of your entire operating system, including your system files, installed programs, and personal files. This feature was included in both Windows 7 and Windows 8, but it was hidden in the preview versions of Windows 8.1. After many user complaints, it was restored and is still available in the final version of Windows 8.1 — click System Image Backup on the File History Control Panel. Storage Space Mirroring Windows 8′s Storage Spaces feature allows you to set up RAID-like features in software. For example, you can use Storage Space to set up two hard disks of the same size in a mirroring configuration. They’ll appear as a single drive in Windows. When you write to this virtual drive, the files will be saved to both physical drives. If one drive fails, your files will still be available on the other drive. This isn’t a good long-term backup solution, but it is a way of ensuring you won’t lose important files if a single drive fails. Microsoft Account Settings Backup Windows 8 and 8.1 allow you to back up a variety of system settings — including personalization, desktop, and input settings. If you’re signing in with a Microsoft account, OneDrive settings backup is enabled automatically. This feature can be controlled under OneDrive > Sync settings in the PC settings app. This feature only backs up a few settings. It’s really more of a way to sync settings between devices. OneDrive Cloud Storage Microsoft hasn’t been talking much about File History since Windows 8 was released. That’s because they want people to use OneDrive instead. OneDrive — formerly known as SkyDrive — was added to the Windows desktop in Windows 8.1. Save your files here and they’ll be stored online tied to your Microsoft account. You can then sign in on any other computer, smartphone, tablet, or even via the web and access your files. Microsoft wants typical PC users “backing up” their files with OneDrive so they’ll be available on any device. You don’t have to worry about all these features. Just choose a backup strategy to ensure your files are safe if your computer’s hard disk fails you. Whether it’s an integrated backup tool or a third-party backup application, be sure to back up your files.

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