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  • mdadm raid5 recover double disk failure - with a twist (drive order)

    - by Peter Bos
    Let me acknowledge first off that I have made mistakes, and that I have a backup for most but not all of the data on this RAID. I still have hope of recovering the rest of the data. I don't have the kind of money to take the drives to a recovery expert company. Mistake #0, not having a 100% backup. I know. I have a mdadm RAID5 system of 4x3TB. Drives /dev/sd[b-e], all with one partition /dev/sd[b-e]1. I'm aware that RAID5 on very large drives is risky, yet I did it anyway. Recent events The RAID become degraded after a two drive failure. One drive [/dev/sdc] is really gone, the other [/dev/sde] came back up after a power cycle, but was not automatically re-added to the RAID. So I was left with a 4 device RAID with only 2 active drives [/dev/sdb and /dev/sdd]. Mistake #1, not using dd copies of the drives for restoring the RAID. I did not have the drives or the time. Mistake #2, not making a backup of the superblock and mdadm -E of the remaining drives. Recovery attempt I reassembled the RAID in degraded mode with mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0, using /dev/sd[bde]1. I could then access my data. I replaced /dev/sdc with a spare; empty; identical drive. I removed the old /dev/sdc1 from the RAID mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 Mistake #3, not doing this before replacing the drive I then partitioned the new /dev/sdc and added it to the RAID. mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 It then began to restore the RAID. ETA 300 mins. I followed the process via /proc/mdstat to 2% and then went to do other stuff. Checking the result Several hours (but less then 300 mins) later, I checked the process. It had stopped due to a read error on /dev/sde1. Here is where the trouble really starts I then removed /dev/sde1 from the RAID and re-added it. I can't remember why I did this; it was late. mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sde1 mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sde1 However, /dev/sde1 was now marked as spare. So I decided to recreate the whole array using --assume-clean using what I thought was the right order, and with /dev/sdc1 missing. mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 That worked, but the filesystem was not recognized while trying to mount. (It should have been EXT4). Device order I then checked a recent backup I had of /proc/mdstat, and I found the drive order. md0 : active raid5 sdb1[0] sde1[4] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] 8790402048 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then remembered this RAID had suffered a drive loss about a year ago, and recovered from it by replacing the faulty drive with a spare one. That may have scrambled the device order a bit...so there was no drive [3] but only [0],[1],[2], and [4]. I tried to find the drive order with the Permute_array script: https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Permute_array.pl but that did not find the right order. Questions I now have two main questions: I screwed up all the superblocks on the drives, but only gave: mdadm --create --assume-clean commands (so I should not have overwritten the data itself on /dev/sd[bde]1. Am I right that in theory the RAID can be restored [assuming for a moment that /dev/sde1 is ok] if I just find the right device order? Is it important that /dev/sde1 be given the device number [4] in the RAID? When I create it with mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 \ /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 it is assigned the number [3]. I wonder if that is relevant to the calculation of the parity blocks. If it turns out to be important, how can I recreate the array with /dev/sdb1[0] missing[1] /dev/sdd1[2] /dev/sde1[4]? If I could get that to work I could start it in degraded mode and add the new drive /dev/sdc1 and let it resync again. It's OK if you would like to point out to me that this may not have been the best course of action, but you'll find that I realized this. It would be great if anyone has any suggestions.

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  • Recover data from an ''unpartitioned'' hard drive

    - by Rafael S. Calsaverini
    I'm trying to recover data from a hdd for a friend from work. He was using it on an old win98 PC (so I guess it was a FAT 16 filesystem). When he installed the drive on a new PC his Windows XP can't recognize the filesystem and give an error message saying that the drive is unformatted. I tried to mount the hdd under linux but no partitions appear to be associated with the drive (I have only /dev/sdb associated with that drive and no /dev/sdb1 or sdb2 etc). I've found many articles on the web on how to recover partitions (with scripts like dd and ddrescue) but how do I make it when I have no partitions and the system say my drive is unpartioned? Is it possible to create a new partition without loosing the data?

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  • Recommendations for USB flash drive fast at writing small files

    - by Andrew Bainbridge
    I want a drive that I can be used as my work drive, storing a Subversion repo and sandbox for a small project. I'd also like it to be able to store a DVD rip. At the moment I've got a Super Talent pico-C 8gb. It's fast at reading and writing DVD rips, but the performance on small files (ie less than 4k) is utterly terrible (we're talking floppy disk speeds here). This Ars review measured a similar Super Talent drive and pretty much confirmed my measurements (take a look at the random write speeds on page 5). So, I'm looking for a 8gb or bigger drive that doesn't suck at read and write of small files and still has acceptable performance for very large files.

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  • Unable to delete all partitions on flash drive using Windows 7 OS??

    - by irrational John
    Recently I purchased an ADATA C802 8GB flash drive. Since the drive was new I decided to run some of the HD Tune Pro (v4.50) performance tests on it, mostly just for the heck of it. To avoid accidently destroying data HD Tune refuses to write to a drive unless there are no partitions on the drive. If you do attempt to write to a drive with partitions, it posts the message "Writing is disabled. To enable writing please remove all partitions." As you would expect, the ADATA came formatted with a single primary FAT32 partition in the Master Boot Record. But a number of unexpected things happened when I attempted to delete that partition. The first thing I tried was to use the Windows 7 (64-bit) Disk Management tool (diskmgmt.msc) to delete the partition. It would not let me. The context menu choice to delete that volume was not available. Next I opened up a command prompt window with Admin authority and ran diskpart. Diskpart deleted the volume for me. However, when I attempted to run an HD Tune write test on the drive I still got the "Writing is disabled" message. Huh??? So I fired up a utility I have which allows viewing drives at the sector level and verified that the partition table in the Master Boot Record was empty. No partitions. Yet HD Tune still thought there were partitions on the drive? So why was I still getting the "Writing is disabled" message from HD Tune Pro? And why wouldn't the Windows 7 Disk Management tool let me change the partitions on this drive. After doing the above, I plugged the ADATA into my MacBook. I was then able to format it as either a GPT or MBR partitioned drive with no problems. I am not looking for suggestions on how to format this drive. I can do that. What I do not understand and was hoping I might get insight into is why this drive behaves so strangely under Windows 7? And BTW, what's up with HD Tune Pro? BTW, if I plug the drive I formatted on my MacBook back into my Windows 7 64-bit system I still run into road blocks with the Disk Management tool. For example, I cannot delete all the GPT partitions on the ADATA so I can convert it into an MBR drive. I following Microsoft's instructions, the instructions just do not work with this ADATA flash drive. Anyone know what's up with this? It makes no sense to me. Has something changed in Windows 7 (Vista)??

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  • Strange message during the Linux boot and slow start caused by "udevd[336] timeout ... "

    - by Kyrol
    When Debian (wheezy testing version) is loading, at a certain point appears a strange message: udevd[336] timeout usb_id--export /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-2.2/1-1.2:1.0 video4linux/ [502] after this message, start another message that loops for 120 secs: udevd[336] killing /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb1/1-1/1-2.2/1-1.2:1.0 video4linux/ [502] When the loop finish, Debian start normally and nothing seems to be "broken"! I also killed the loop with CTRL-C to break the loop and the system doesn't give any problem. Does anyone know a possible answer?

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  • Splitting a drive which has layout as mirrored and type as dynamic

    - by shiva
    I have a C drive/volume in my server with layout = mirror and type =dynamic and status as healthy(boot,pagefile,crashdump). I have some questions regarding this configuration: I think it is a raid configuration.Please correct me if I am wrong. I read that, mirroring is nothing but raid-1 configuration. All my software and OS is in this drive. I want my software to be in a separate drive, but I am not sure if I can create a separate drive from the above mentioned c drive. I want to know: a. If I can do it and how ?(using disk management) b. If this is a right approach ?

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  • Can see partial encrypted in XP but not in windows 7

    - by RN09
    I used truecrypted V.6.3a to partially encrypted (5gb) on my 16gb usb flashdrive on my XP netbook and eveything was fine. However, I don't see the ecrypted partial (5gb) when stick the usb into windows 7-32 bits (desktop). Tried to re-encrypted the usb on windows 7 (desktop) but results are the same. No problem seeing it on XP but windows 7. Thanks

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  • Make UEFI, GPT, Bootloader, SSD, USB, Linux and Windows work together

    - by user129552
    I like to use the latest hardware and the latest software; thus I have a Laptop (Lenovo X220) with UEFI instead of BIOS an SSD instead of an HDD GPT partitioning scheme instead of MBR USB to boot from instead of optical disks. I need to use both Windows and Linux. I tried to make them work alongside, but I didn't succeed. Most Linux distribution isos don't even really work on UEFI systems booted from USB. (Not even the self-claimed cutting-edge Fedora. I also tried Linux Mint Debian Edition and Sabayon Linux (according to this guide) which did not work. Only Ubuntu worked for me. I first installed Windows 8 which created sda1: Recovery, sda2: EFI system, sda3: msftres, sda4: NTFS Windows. Windows worked without a problem. I then created sda5: linux-swap and installed Ubuntu into sda6: btrfs. After rebooting, I was not presented GRUB2 as expected, but instead my system just booted into Ubuntu. I could no longer access Windows. After fixing dpkg in btrfs Ubuntu, I followed the Ubuntu documentation on UEFI booting. The result left me with a broken GRUB2, but interestingly, when I wanted to select the device to boot from, I was not only presented the internal SSD, an attached USB device, or LAN, but also Grub2 (broken), Ubuntu and Windows. The result is not very satisfying to me. What would I have to do to fix everything? Or differently asked, what operating system should I install at what point given my possibilities and requirements, so that I have a working bootloader in my UEFI GPT system which presents me a working Linux and Windows.

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  • Error message when renaming files on a network drive stored in Windows 7 favorites

    - by paulmorriss
    I have a network drive mapped to a share on a Window Server 2003. I have a shortcut to this drive stored in my Windows 7 favorites. When I double click the shortcut and then rename a file on the drive, if the file is longer than 8 chars or contains spaces then I get this error The drive that this file or folder is stored on does not allow long file names, or names containing blanks or any of the following characters:... If I get to the network drive by click on it in the tree under computer then it works fine. Is there a way to get round this?

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  • Step by step instructions to make dos "see" and "access" usb hard drives

    - by Gireesh Venkateswaran
    I am stuck with an USB external hard drive (Maxtor 1 Touch) 750GB that crashed. I have photos and home movies (my son's birth, first birthday etc) that are very important to me. I am given to understand that Spinrite is a very good tool to use, but It does not come "with out of the box" capabilities to access USB drives. If I open the case to get the HDD out from my External HDD, I would compromise the warrenty and I would not be able to exchange the Drive. I have done a bit of research and have the drivers that could help. But the bit I am missing is, How to put it all together. I would really appreciate it if some one can give me step by step instruction where I can create a dos boot cd that can load the drivers and assign a drive letter to it so that I can make Dos "See" the external hard drive. I have a Toshiba satellite laptop that runs Windows XP (Home). It does not have a floppy drive. I will be greatful to your help in the regard.

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  • Imac g5 with no OS nor CD drive

    - by sinekonata
    What I want: Ubuntu on a g5 Imac. What I have: An empty PC (Intel g5 17" Imac) with broken CD drive. Its model is A1173. This PC with Ubuntu 12.04 and an old Vista partition. a usb flash drive. Problems: No CD means the only boot Drive I could use is USB. There are no BIOS on Macs so I can't set boot settings or even see if it detects my USB drive. When I start the machine and press ALT the first and only thing I see is an old corrupted winXP partition and not a single option or additional information. So assuming blindly that the Mac hardware/firmware works normally, I don't have any Mac OS to use any of the tools that I found on different tutorials for building a bootable .img drive for macs. I can't find much software on Linux/Windows to substitute to those tools, for example among others converting an .iso file (win/linux) to .img (mac I guess). Which makes me think that the scenario where someone like me has Mac hardware but no Mac OS is extremely rare. So other than finding someone that has a Mac I have no solution. So I ask what would you do? the only thing is it should not involve any money (I know mac soft is rarely free) which also excludes getting any MacOS unless I can use a free macos.img for VM or restore the original Mac for free. Thank you

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  • When is it time to buy a new hard drive, and what considerations go into buying a new hard drive?

    - by user1125620
    I've had my current hard drive for about 4-5 years now, and I've never had a problem with it before, but now it's making whirring noises. It's done this before and, last time, the noise did go away the next day, but I have accumulated quite a bit of information that I wouldn't want to lose on the drive. HD Tune Pro and Berlac Advisor both said the drive was healthy, and I wouldn't want to get a new one unless it was absolutely necessary or was going to show drastic performance improvements. My only knock against the drive would be that Visual Studio takes longer to load than I'd like it to. HD Tune Pro says the average read speed is 54.3MB/s. I'm not sure if that's good or bad, but it seems about average compared to similar drives on http://www.hdtune.com/testresults.html. Model #: WDC WD5000AAJS-22YFA0 So, should hard drives be replaced after a certain amount of time? Has mine reached that point? Would a new hard drive be any faster?

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  • Hard drive placement

    - by zm15
    I'm a video editor working with large HD files. I am building a new computer and need some help. I will be running 2 hard drives. One with the operating system and all the programs. And one with all the project files I will be working from. I am keeping these seperate. I will be purchasing a 10k rpm hard drive. So i will have a 10k rpm drive, and a 7200rpm drive. Should I put the OS on the faster drive, or put my working files on the faster drive?

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  • Windows 8 install from USB freezes

    - by Rafael Almeida
    I'm trying to install Windows 8 from an 8GB Kingston Data Traveler. I'm currently using the Windows 7 USB DVD Download Tool to put the iso into the flash drive. It copies the files, but in the end it says it 'had a problem with bootsect' and could not make the flash drive bootable. This seems to be because my current system is Windows 7 32bits, and the bootsect.exe in the ISO is a 64-bit executable. Then I downloaded the 32-bit bootsect.exe and made the drive bootable by running: bootsect /nt60 E: /mbr Then I restarted and managed to boot via the flash drive, but now everything is very slow. It takes about two minutes for the initial black screen with the Windows logo and the spinner go away, then it goes to a purple-ish blank screen that stays on for about five more minutes and then it finally shows a dialog asking for the installation, date/time and keyboard languages. I input then, click "Install Now" and it takes about three more minutes with a "Setup is starting" screen. After that, the PC apparently reboots, the CPU fan speeds up considerably, and there's no video and nothing more happens even after more than ten minutes. What is happening? I already tried using another USB port and even installing from a Samsung G3 Station 2TB external hard disk, but the same thing happens. The file transfer speed to the Kingston drive was about only 3 megabytes per second.

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  • No partition on USB Flash Drive?

    - by Skytunnel
    A friend gave me a corrupted USB memory stick to try recovery data from. But I've had some unusual results, so thought I'd share to see if anyone is familiar with this problem... First off I just tried opening from my own PC. Windows prompted to Format the drive, which I of course declined Downloaded TestDisk to anaylsis the drive. And right away I noticed something strange, on the listed drives it comes up as Disk /dev/sdc - 6144 B - USB Flash Drive That's right, the first USB flash drive smaller than a floppy disk!? Moving on anyway... first anaylsis comes up with: Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 TestDisk's Quick Search gave no results, moved on to Deeper Search: No partition found or selected for recovery This left me stumped. I tired a couple of other programs with no success I did manage to get a backup image, but it was just as small as TestDisk indicated, so nothing of use on it After a few hours trying various suggestions from other sources, I gave in and just tried formatting the drive. But returned the message: Windows was unable to complete the format. From googling that, the suggestion was to delete the partition. But there is no partition to delete in this case. most recently I've tried formatting from cmd, and got this result: Format D: /FS:FAT32 The type of the file system is RAW The new file system is FAT32 Verifying 0M 11 bad sectors were encountered during the format. These sectors cannot be guaranteed to have been cleaned The volume is too small for FAT32 Anyone got any suggestions? UPDATE: As per suggestion from @Karen, I tried running a CLEAN from DISKPART, results as follows DiskPart has encountered an error: The request could not be preformed because of an I/O device error.

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  • My new Xbox 360 drive doesn't show up

    - by RobbieGee
    I bought an Xbox 360 Arcade version a while ago and today I got a 120GB drive from a shop that had a closedown sale. I put the drive on the side as per the picture on the back side of the drive. When I go to settings and look at memory, it only finds the built in memory chip, not the harddrive. Am I doing it correct? I have almost never used my Xbox so I'm not sure if there's anything more to it. I don't think I fitted the drive wrong either, it seems pretty much impossible to do it wrong. The box came with only the drive, it doesn't have any transfer kit or the likes.

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  • What makes an Apple hard drive special?

    - by Michael Shnitzer
    The Mac Pro has a specific hard drive for sale in the Apple Store for $549.00. The drive has the following specs: Serial ATA 3GB per second 7200 RPM Amazon has a hard drive with the same specs for $169.99. The only difference I can tell is that the Apple hard drive label says it has "Apple HDD Firmware". What exactly is the benefit of this firmware and is there something I am missing that make up for the price difference in these two drives? Update: My initial comparison between the two drive was unfair. Apparently 2TB drives that are 3 GB/S and 7200 RPM are quiet a bit more than $169.99. Dell has a 2 TB SATA Caviar Black from Western Digital that is $319.99, which is closer to Apple's price.

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  • USB Diskdrive cannot be formatted nor accessed

    - by Dmolish
    So I have just recently bought and 8GB USB stick(Kingston DT 100 G2) on which I had installed Linux. However I needed to reinstall said Linux so I formatted the stick to "default" settings which includes FAT32 filesystem. Later when the install process kept getting errors, I got advice that the problem might be with the FAT filesystem. I decided to try and format the stick to NTSF (format G:/fs:ntsf) but the formatting failed and the drive broke down. And with breaking down I mean you cannot access the drive anymore and when you plug it in Windows asks if I want to format the drive but despite my will the format always fails. To fix this I tried changing it back to FAT32 (format G:/fs:fat32), but i get "Error in IOCTL-call". Second thing I tried was trying to reset the filesystem with some 3rd party application like HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool. But the programs didn´t regocnize any media on the drive. So now I´m in the situation that I haven´t got any idea on what to do next. Is the drive recoverable or did I just create a piece of waste metal.

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  • A script so that you don't forget your usb drive on a public computer

    - by Ava Gailliot
    So I have a problem because I'm an idiot. I seem to always leave my usb drives in public computers at school and the like. I unmount them and log off leaving them still in the pc, and of course I then lose my information and my drive which can be costly. Is there a small script somewhere that I can install to my drive that prompts me to take out my usb stick when I log off of a computer? Since this is mostly for use with public computers I can't put anything on my drive that will later need some sort of admin permissions. I guess if all else fails I'll probably put my drive on a lanyard and keep it around my wrist. lol. Does anyone else have this problem?

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  • How do hdparm's -S and -B options interact?

    - by user697683
    These two options seem confusing. For example: according to the man page -B 254 "does not permit spin-down". However, testing with -B 254 -S 1 the drive does spin down after 5 seconds. -B Query/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low value means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance. Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down), and values 128 through 254 (which do not permit spin-down). The highest degree of power management is attained with a setting of 1, and the highest I/O performance with a setting of 254. A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do). -S Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity) before turning off the spindle motor to save power. Under such circumstances, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.

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