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• EC2 EBS AMI Instance stopping/restarting doesn't start services

  - by tgm

  I've recently been moving our instances to EBS instances (CentOS) and still have a bit of confusion on what's happening when I "stop" and instance. I have some of my services with runlevels 345 on but when I start a stopped instance the services don't start. What's actually happening when I issue a stop command to the instance, and how do I get my services to start automatically when I start the instance up again?

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• Deploying site on Amazon Beantalk and IIS settings

  - by Idan Shechter

  I am interested in working with Amazon Elastic Beantalk to deploy my new site. A few things that I need to know and can't get an answer to: 1) How can I maintain IIS settings of all deployed and future deployed machines? 2) If I can maintain, what happens if I change the settings on one server, will it automatically set it on other servers? 3) How can I backup the data. In other servers I usually make an AMI and deploy to a new server in case of a problem?

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• Options for installing software on Amazon EC2 Windows instances

  - by gareth_bowles

  I've been running Linux servers on Amazon EC2 for a while now; the experience has been great. I've recently needed to bring up a Windows server to run some Windows-only software that our product needs to use, and am running into a problem figuring out how to install the software, which is only available on DVD. With Linux I can just install packages from a Web-based repository and take advantage of EC2's fast network throughput, but so far on the Windows instance I've had to upload my ISO images to EC2 and mount them from the Windows EC2 instance. For some reason I'm getting really slow upload speeds to EC2, even though the regular upload speed from our office is pretty good (around 7Mbps). I've also tried mounting the DVD drive on my machine as a local drive on the EC2 instance via Remote Desktop, and then running the software install from the local drive, but I run into the same slow upload speed issue. Does anyone have a better way to install software from physical media onto an EC2 instance ?

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• Amazon EBS root volume persistence

  - by hipplar

  When I launch a new Windows EC2 instance I am given a 30 gig root EBS volume. I'm trying to make sure I understand the EBS terminology and want to make sure I understand this correctly: Q: What happens to my data when a system terminates? The data stored on a local instance store will persist only as long as that instance is alive. However, data that is stored on an Amazon EBS volume will persist independently of the life of the instance. What exactly does "instance is alive" mean? If I write files to the root volume and reboot the instance will the files remain? Or do I physically have to terminate (delete) the instance for the root volume to go away? Thanks

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• Best Amazon S3 File Manager Utility?

  - by mmacaulay

  Ever since I started using Amazon's S3 service I've been struggling to find a good solution for simple file management, without having to write my own app to browse my buckets, upload and delete files, etc. The best I've found so far to do this is S3Fox. But it's far from perfect, it has problems deleting files and folders. Comments on the Firefox plugin page indicate I'm not the only person with this problem and the developer does not respond to emails. I've looked around briefly, but couldn't find anything that looked any better than S3Fox. Please tell me there's a better way! Edit (07/26/2009): The Firefox S3Fox extension seems to be getting love from its developer again, the problems I was having before have gone away, and I'm using it on a regular basis now with no problems!

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• Create 301 Redirection in Amazon Route 53 for Wildcard Subdomains

  - by Eric Yin

  My domain name hosted on Route 53 DNS. Amazon has a guide to do 301 redirection for www. To naked domain by point www. version to a S3 static website with 301 setted up. My question is, how can I have *.domain.com all have 301 redirec to naked domain name. I guess either: Some way to get all wildcard subdomains end up into one S3 bucket, how? Or: Use CloudFront on the www. version S3 site and put wildcard subdomains on the CloudFront, but how? Or: There's some hidden settings just lies on Router 53, then where? Or: use EC2, better not suggest me this, too costing for this task. Please advice.

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• EC2 EBS AMI Instance stopping/restarting doesn't start services

  - by tgm

  I've recently been moving our instances to EBS instances (CentOS) and still have a bit of confusion on what's happening when I "stop" and instance. I have some of my services with runlevels 345 on but when I start a stopped instance the services don't start. What's actually happening when I issue a stop command to the instance, and how do I get my services to start automatically when I start the instance up again?

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• Public DNS Server fails on Windows Amazon EC2

  - by Adroidist

  I have started a new Windows server instance on Amazon EC2. The security group has the following rules: Ports Protocol Source 22 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 80 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 443 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 3389 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 53 udp 0.0.0.0/0 -1 icmp 0.0.0.0/0 I am able to ping the public DNS server of the machine and i can connect to it using Windows Remote Desktop connection. However, when i put in my web browser the public DNS server, it fails to connect. Morever, I used filezilla and putty (and in both I loaded the private key .pem) but i receive connection timed out. I disabled the firewall on both my pc and the instance (which I entered using Remote desktop connection). Can you please tell me what I am missing?

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• Setting up Amazon Cloudwatch to get an alert when you server is down

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have an instance running on Amazon EC2 that I turned into a webserver. Now I have been looking at cloudwatch, but I do not know if it is the correct tool for the job. Basically I want to get informed when the server is down, for whatever reason. Maybe the server got hacked, or the server shut down for whatever reason, I want to get a notification on that. I have enabled clouwatch, and tried to set up a alert, but I only see things like network in-out or cpu usage, an d metrix. Now I do not know if these will do the trick.

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• Drive Mapped On Amazon EC2 Instance Startup Disconnected After Logon

  - by jsn

  I am launching an Amazon EC2 instance (Windows Server 2012), and on startup (though User Data field), it runs this powershell script: <powershell> NET CONFIG SERVER /AUTODISCONNECT:-1 # clear all prior connections net use * /delete /y > C:\delLog.txt 2>&1 # mount new drive net use R: \\dbHost\share /user:username pass /persistent:yes > C:\useLog.txt 2>&1 ipconfig /all > C:\ipLog.txt </powershell> When it launches and I connect to it through RDP, it shows in explorer "Diconnected Network Drive (R:). If I double click it, error message displays "R:\ is not accesible. Access id denied". Normally, it would ask me for credentials to reconnect. I need for this drive to be connected through the duration of the instance. delLog.txt contents: You have these remote connections: T: \\dbHost\share Continuing will cancel the connections. The command completed successfully. useLog.txt contents: The command completed successfully. ipLog.txt contents as expected. The net use commands works fine by itself, it connects. Anyone have any idea what could be wrong? There is only one account on these machines - Administrator. It is a samba share to a Linux server on a private network.

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• Ways to go about optimizing website performance WordPress, Amazon EC2 Apache and RDS MySQL

  - by fuzzybee

  I have 6 WordPress websites running on 1 single EC2 instance. All the the websites are connecting to databases in 1 same RDS instance. Earlier today, traffic to the largest website peaked and the RDS instance went bottle-neck - CPU utilization was 100% for over an hour. It affected all of my websites as it took them all forever to load. In order to prevent such issue from happening again, which of the following will matter most so that I invest time and effort in first of all? (I will work on all later, I just need to prioritise now) To improve caching for all websites To fine-tune the database server To fine-tune my Apache server What will be the effect on user experience for my websites? Some quick searches show that I should limit number of concurrent connections to my web server but wouldn't that prevent users from accessing my websites? More background: My largest website has 140k visits and 660k page views a month. The other 5 websites should add up much less than that. I'm using a large EC2 instance as the web server I'm using a medium RDS instance as the database server What I've already done: Use W3 Total Cache plugin for caching for most the websites, especially the largest one (I can barely anything else in terms of caching I could do for the largest website) Am I using my resources wastefully or is there simply not enough resources for my websites - or rather, how do I answer that question myself?

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• Amazon CloudFront and EC2: Global Load Balancing

  - by Matt Rogish

  We have an app that is going to store and serve up a decent amount of data in S3 to a global audience where latency should be minimized. So, we've been doing tests with Amazon CloudFront and have seen favorable results. However, we need a thin middleware layer (to do security etc.) and we'd like to put that in EC2. Due to security restrictions, this middleware layer will do the file streaming from S3/CloudFront: S3/CloudFront - EC2 - Clients We can geographically distribute the EC2 nodes (US East/West, and Ireland) but the problem is that a client in the EU would hit our US server and be fed data from there, thus rendering much of the performance benefit of CloudFront moot. I've been digging through the EC2 docs but I can't find a built-in way to get a geographically distributed version of EC2 a la CloudFront. Elastic Load Balancing sounds like the way to go, but I can't seem to find a way with that to direct based on routing... Preferably, we'd like to keep the amount of stuff outside of EC2/S3/etc. to a minimum (for obvious reasons). Any ideas how to do that within the EC2/S3 framework? DNS/routing tricks? Thanks!

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• Amazon EC2 Nat Instance - goes out but not back in

  - by nocode

  I've followed Amazon's steps and list what I've done. I've created 6 subnets (4 private SN1: 10.50.1.0/24, SN2: 10.50.2.0/24, SN3: 10.50.3.0/24, SN4: 10.50.4.0/24) and 2 public (SN5: 10.50.101.0/24 and SN6: 10.50.102.0/24) -I have a Bastion host and a NAT instance on SN5 and assigned EIP's to both. I created a test instance on SN1. edit: -NAT instance has source/destination check disabled -On the NAT instance, I had enabled the following commands to be bootstrapped: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE -In my VPC, the private subnets have their own route table and configured 0.0.0.0/0 to the NAT instance with 4 subnets being associated with the route table. I have a second route table for my public subnets and 0.0.0.0/16 is pointed towards the IGW (with the other 2 subnets associated with it). -For Security Groups, I have the NAT instance accepting all traffic on each of the 4 subnets and all OUTBOUND traffic is allowed. For my test server, I have allowed all outbound access and have allowed all traffic from the public subnet of the NAT host. I can ping internally with no issues. On my test instance, if I try to ping google.com, DNS resolves however I don't get a reply back. On my NAT instance, I run a tcpdump and can see the request being requested to google.com but it's not sending the reply back. My NAT host can ping and receive a reply from google. From the test host, when I ping the NAT instance, the tcpdump shows a request and receive. Is there something I'm missing? EDIT: I've figured it out - I had to save the iptable config and restart the service.

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• Amazon AWS VPN how to open a port?

  - by Victor Piousbox

  I have a VPN with public and private subnets; I am considering only public subnet for now. The node 10.0.0.23, I can ssh into it. Let's say I want to connect to MySQL on the node using its private address: ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-23:/$ mysql -u root -h 10.0.0.23 ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '10.0.0.23' (111) ubuntu@ip-10-0-0-23:/$ mysql -u root -h localhost Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. --- 8< --- snip --- 8< --- mysql> The port 3306 is not reachable if I use the private IP? My security group allows port 3306 inbound from 0.0.0.0/0 AND from 10.0.0.0/24. Outbound, allowed all. The generic setup done by Amazon through their wizard does not work... I add ACL that allows everything for everybody, still does not work. What am I missing?

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• How to change the URL on my Amazon EC2 webserver

  - by Sarah

  I am at the point in playing around with EC2 that I have launched a webserver. Right now, the website URL looks like http://ec2-<some numbers>.compute-1.amazonaws.com/ I am evaluating the usefulness of these services for my small business purposes; is there a way I can get my URL to look something more like http://<mybusiness>.com. Ideally, I would like to get it to look cleaner, and furthermore I would rather not have "amazonaws" as part of it. Is this possible? I'm a newb to AWS, so apologies if this is an easy question

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• Implementing a modern web application with Web API on top of old services

  - by Gaui

  My company has many WCF services which may or may not be replaced in the near future. The old web application is written in WebForms and communicates straight with these services via SOAP and returns DataTables. Now I am designing a new modern web application in a modern style, an AngularJS client which communicates with an ASP.NET Web API via JSON. The Web API then communicates with the WCF services via SOAP. In the future I want to let the Web API handle all requests and go straight to the database, but because the business logic implemented in the WCF services is complicated it's going to take some time to rewrite and replace it. Now to the problem: I'm trying to make it easy in the near future to replace the WCF services with some other data storage, e.g. another endpoint, database or whatever. I also want to make it easy to unit test the business logic. That's why I have structured the Web API with a repository layer and a service layer. The repository layer has a straight communication with the data storage (WCF service, database, or whatever) and the service layer then uses the repository (Dependency Injection) to get the data. It doesn't care where it gets the data from. Later on I can be in control and structure the data returned from the data storage (DataTable to POCO) and be able to test the logic in the service layer with some mock repository (using Dependency Injection). Below is some code to explain where I'm going with this. But my question is, does this all make sense? Am I making this overly complicated and could this be simplified in any way possible? Does this simplicity make this too complicated to maintain? My main goal is to make it as easy as possible to switch to another data storage later on, e.g. an ORM and be able to test the logic in the service layer. And because the majority of the business logic is implemented in these WCF services (and they return DataTables), I want to be in control of the data and the structure returned to the client. Any advice is greatly appreciated. Update 20/08/14 I created a repository factory, so services would all share repositories. Now it's easy to mock a repository, add it to the factory and create a provider using that factory. Any advice is much appreciated. I want to know if I'm making things more complicated than they should be. So it looks like this: 1. Repository Factory public class RepositoryFactory { private Dictionary<Type, IServiceRepository> repositories; public RepositoryFactory() { this.repositories = new Dictionary<Type, IServiceRepository>(); } public void AddRepository<T>(IServiceRepository repo) where T : class { if (this.repositories.ContainsKey(typeof(T))) { this.repositories.Remove(typeof(T)); } this.repositories.Add(typeof(T), repo); } public dynamic GetRepository<T>() { if (this.repositories.ContainsKey(typeof(T))) { return this.repositories[typeof(T)]; } throw new RepositoryNotFoundException("No repository found for " + typeof(T).Name); } } I'm not very fond of dynamic but I don't know how to retrieve that repository otherwise. 2. Repository and service // Service repository interface // All repository interfaces extend this public interface IServiceRepository { } // Invoice repository interface // Makes it easy to mock the repository later on public interface IInvoiceServiceRepository : IServiceRepository { List<Invoice> GetInvoices(); } // Invoice repository // Connects to some data storage to retrieve invoices public class InvoiceServiceRepository : IInvoiceServiceRepository { public List<Invoice> GetInvoices() { // Get the invoices from somewhere // This could be a WCF, a database, or whatever using(InvoiceServiceClient proxy = new InvoiceServiceClient()) { return proxy.GetInvoices(); } } } // Invoice service // Service that handles talking to a real or a mock repository public class InvoiceService { // Repository factory RepositoryFactory repoFactory; // Default constructor // Default connects to the real repository public InvoiceService(RepositoryFactory repo) { repoFactory = repo; } // Service function that gets all invoices from some repository (mock or real) public List<Invoice> GetInvoices() { // Query the repository return repoFactory.GetRepository<IInvoiceServiceRepository>().GetInvoices(); } }

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• Simple Backup Strategy for Amazon EC2 instances / volumes?

  - by minerj

  You have entered Introductory Backups for Amazon EC2 EBS-backed Windows Images 010... I have been browsing my brains out to find a simple backup strategy for our single windows 2008 server running SharePoint Services. This is an EBS-backed image of one server with one data volume. I don’t need anything exotic. I only need a “daily” backup (losing a day’s worth of data is not catastrophic). We have created and saved an EBS backed AMI image (Windows 2008) we are comfortable using. We started off making backups by simply creating a new EBS AMI image. This is really simple, but the running server is put offline during the first 10 – 15 minutes of creating the image – not ideal. The standard way of creating backups would seem to be creating snapshots of volumes attached to a running instance. Again it’s pretty simple and the server remains usable during the snapshot generation. The apparent Catch-22 is that you can’t simply launch a new instance directly from a snapshot. I know how to bundle a running instance to S3 storage and then register the AMI from the S3 bucket. This does allow me to capture a backup of a running instance and, if the running instance is lost, register the AMI from the S3 bucket and launch the new AMI to recover the instance, but this seems really convoluted and it seems ridiculous to have to juggle back and forth between the AWS Console and the S3 Organizer plug-in for Firefox to get this accomplished. (Please don't mention the command line approach, this is an 010 level course). From playing around with EBS-backed images, the following approach appears to work for me (all done within the AWS Console): 1.For your backups, simply snapshot the system volume (/dev/sda1) as needed. 2.If you lose your running instance, do the following: a.Create a new volume from your last snapshot backup b.Launch another instance of your starting AMI (must be EBS-backed) c.Stop this instance. d.Detach the existing system volume from the new stopped instance and discard. e.Attach the newly created volume as system volume (/dev/sda1) to the stopped instance. f.Re-start the new instance. I have tested this out a couple of times and it seems to work for me. Question: Is there anything wrong with this approach?

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• Amazon Elastic Terms and Conditions

  - by PP

  WARNING: Have you really read Amazon's Terms and Conditions? Would anybody seriously agree to this term on Amazon's Elastic services sign up page? 6.2. Restrictions with Respect to Use of Marks. Your use of any trademarks, service marks, service or trade names, logos, and other designations of AWS and its affiliates or licensors, hereinafter "Marks", shall strictly comply with the following provisions. You may use the Marks in conjunction with the display of the AWS Content and for the purpose of indicating that your Application was created using the Services. You may use the Marks only in the form in which we make them available to you and not in any manner that disparages Amazon, its affiliates or its licensors, or that otherwise dilutes any Mark. Other than your limited right to use the Marks as provided in this Agreement, we and our licensors retain all right, title, and interest in and to the Marks. You will not at any time now or in the future challenge or assist others to challenge the validity of the Marks, or attempt to register confusingly similar trademarks, trade names, service marks or logos. You agree to follow our the Trademark Use Guidelines posted on the Amazon Web Services™ Trademark Guidelines page (the "Trademark Guidelines") as those guidelines may change from time to time. The Trademark Guidelines are incorporated herein by reference. You must immediately discontinue use of any Mark as specified by us at any time in writing. We may modify any Marks provided to you at any time, and upon notice, you will use only the modified Marks and not the old Marks. Other than as specified in this Agreement, you may not use any trademark, service mark, trade name or other business identifier of Amazon or its affiliates unless you obtain Amazon's or its affiliates' prior written consent. The foregoing prohibition includes the use of "amazon," any other trademark of AWS, Amazon or its affiliates, or variations or misspellings of any of them, in the name of an Application or in a URL to the left of the top-level domain name (e.g., ".com", ".net", "co.uk", etc.)-for example, a URL such as "amazon.mydomain.com", "amaozn.com" or "amazonauctions.net" are expressly prohibited. Any use you make of the Marks shall inure to our benefit and you hereby irrevocably assign to us all right, title and interest in the same. In addition, you agree not to misrepresent or embellish the relationship between us and you, for example by implying that we support, sponsor, endorse, or contribute money to you or your business endeavors. If you are a large company and you want to use Amazon's services you must agree that: you may not use the word "amazon" in any domain name you control (even if you are a forestry company) you may not use any word Amazon choose to trademark in any domain you control (regardless of whether the name has a different meaning/purpose in your industry) from now until forever you will never dispute any claim Amazon makes on any word you or anybody else uses Seriously, who would sign such a thing?

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• Test Amazon Ec2 instance Small

  - by user102130

  I have some questions about amazon ec2 and especially on small instance. I want to host my new website (the beta version) on this kind of instance, but before i want to know about how many simultaneous users can be connected on one small instance. You can see the caracteristics of a small one here : http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/ My website is a kind of social network in PHP. Is someone had already test this type of instance ?

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• Web Application Tasks Estimation

  - by Ali

  I know the answer depends on the exact project and its requirements but i am asking on the avarage % of the total time goes into the tasks of the web application development statistically from your own experiance. While developing a web application (database driven) How much % of time does each of the following activities usually takes: -- database creation & all related stored procedures -- server side development -- client side development -- layout settings and designing I know there are lots of great web application developers around here and each one of you have done fair amount of web development and as a result there could be an almost fixed percentage of time going to each of the above activities of web developments for standard projects Update : I am not expecting someone to tell me number of hours i am asking about the average percentage of time that goes on each of the activities as per your experience i.e. server side dev 50%, client side development 20% ,,,,, I repeat there will be lots of cases that differs from the standard depending on the exact requirments of each web application project but here i am asking about Avarage for standard (no special requirment) web project

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• When to use shared libraries for a web framework?

  - by CamelBlues

  tl;dr: I've found myself hosting a bunch of sites running on the same web framework (symfony 1.4). Would it be helpful if I moved all of the shared library code into the same directory and shared it across the sites? more I see some advantages to this: Each site takes up less disk space Library updates (an unlikely scenario) can take place across all sites I also see some disadvantages, mostly in terms of a single point of failure and the inability to have sites using different versions of the framework. My real concern, though, is performance. I hypothesize that I will see a performance increase, since the PHP code will already be cached for all sites when they call the framework. Is this a correct hypothesis?

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• Any good tutorials all this web programming stuff for a GUI person? [closed]

  - by supercheetah

  For some reason, I am having a hard time understanding all this web programming stuff--from AJAX to JSON, etc. I've got plenty of experience programming GUIs. I'm currently working on a project in Python, and I thought that maybe I could just use PyJS (since it's GWT for Python, it uses an API that's very familiar to experienced GUI programmers like myself) to compile it with a Javascript interface on top, but alas, the compiler gave me a spectacular failure. It's obviously not meant to handle much of any Python beyond itself, and some of the core Python library. It would have been nice if it could, but I will admit, it would have been the lazy way to do it. I tried to learn Django, but for some reason, I'm just having a hard time understanding the tutorial on their website, and what it's all doing. Maybe it's not the best framework to learn, perhaps? Anyway, does anyone have a good primer/tutorial explaining all this stuff, especially for Python, and especially for someone coming from a GUI background?

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• why does and EBS volumes mounted in an Ubuntu 12.04 EC2 instance as /dev/sdh1 appear as /dev/xvdh1?

  - by Andres

  When mounting an EBS volume on ubuntu specified as /dev/sdh1 it actually mounts it at /dev/xvdh1. The aws console still thinks it's mounted at /dev/sdh1 so it took a while to realize that it was actually mounted, just in the wrong place I ran into this problem a long time ago using ubuntu on ec2. I just ran into it again https://forums.aws.amazon.com/post!reply.jspa?messageID=351382 and it seems like I'm not alone: https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?threadID=68957&tstart=0 I haven't found a good answer as to why this happens or how to fix it. Any ideas?

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• How can I create an AMI from an existing EC2 instance?

  - by Arkaaito

  (I suspect that this may already be answered somewhere, since it seems like it would be a common operation. But I can't find it, so...) I am a relative AWS newbie. I have inherited a running Amazon EC2 instance, with various items (Apache, MySQL, Sphinx, ...) installed on it and a bunch of configuration. I'd like to turn it into an AMI that I can spin up other instances from. I can't find any information on creating a custom AMI on Amazon's site - only the fact that you can, repeatedly referenced, as if to taunt me... I believe this is not an EBS-backed instance, just an "ordinary" one. I do not know what AMI it was originally created from. How would I create an AMI that I could use for spinning up other instances which will be identical except for the hostname?

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• Calling Web Service Functions Asynchronously from a Web Page

  - by SGWellens

  Over on the Asp.Net forums where I moderate, a user had a problem calling a Web Service from a web page asynchronously. I tried his code on my machine and was able to reproduce the problem. I was able to solve his problem, but only after taking the long scenic route through some of the more perplexing nuances of Web Services and Proxies. Here is the fascinating story of that journey. Start with a simple Web Service     public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService    {        [WebMethod]        public string HelloWorld()        {            // sleep 10 seconds            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000);            return "Hello World";        }    } The 10 second delay is added to make calling an asynchronous function more apparent. If you don't call the function asynchronously, it takes about 10 seconds for the page to be rendered back to the client. If the call is made from a Windows Forms application, the application freezes for about 10 seconds. Add the web service to a web site. Right-click the project and select "Add Web Reference…" Next, create a web page to call the Web Service. Note: An asp.net web page that calls an 'Async' method must have the Async property set to true in the page's header: <%@ Page Language="C#"          AutoEventWireup="true"          CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs"          Inherits="_Default"           Async='true'  %> Here is the code to create the Web Service proxy and connect the event handler. Shrewdly, we make the proxy object a member of the Page class so it remains instantiated between the various events. public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page {    localhost.Service1 MyService;  // web service proxy     // ---- Page_Load ---------------------------------     protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        MyService = new localhost.Service1();        MyService.HelloWorldCompleted += EventHandler;          } Here is the code to invoke the web service and handle the event:     // ---- Async and EventHandler (delayed render) --------------------------     protected void ButtonHelloWorldAsync_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        // blocks        ODS("Pre HelloWorldAsync...");        MyService.HelloWorldAsync();        ODS("Post HelloWorldAsync");    }    public void EventHandler(object sender, localhost.HelloWorldCompletedEventArgs e)    {        ODS("EventHandler");        ODS("    " + e.Result);    }     // ---- ODS ------------------------------------------------    //    // Helper function: Output Debug String     public static void ODS(string Msg)    {        String Out = String.Format("{0}  {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss.ff"), Msg);        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(Out);    } I added a utility function I use a lot: ODS (Output Debug String). Rather than include the library it is part of, I included it in the source file to keep this example simple. Fire up the project, open up a debug output window, press the button and we get this in the debug output window: 11:29:37.94 Pre HelloWorldAsync... 11:29:37.94 Post HelloWorldAsync 11:29:48.94 EventHandler 11:29:48.94 Hello World   Sweet. The asynchronous call was made and returned immediately. About 10 seconds later, the event handler fires and we get the result. Perfect….right? Not so fast cowboy. Watch the browser during the call: What the heck? The page is waiting for 10 seconds. Even though the asynchronous call returned immediately, Asp.Net is waiting for the event to fire before it renders the page. This is NOT what we wanted. I experimented with several techniques to work around this issue. Some may erroneously describe my behavior as 'hacking' but, since no ingesting of Twinkies was involved, I do not believe hacking is the appropriate term. If you examine the proxy that was automatically created, you will find a synchronous call to HelloWorld along with an additional set of methods to make asynchronous calls. I tried the other asynchronous method supplied in the proxy:     // ---- Begin and CallBack ----------------------------------     protected void ButtonBeginHelloWorld_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        ODS("Pre BeginHelloWorld...");        MyService.BeginHelloWorld(AsyncCallback, null);        ODS("Post BeginHelloWorld");    }    public void AsyncCallback(IAsyncResult ar)    {        String Result = MyService.EndHelloWorld(ar);         ODS("AsyncCallback");        ODS("    " + Result);    } The BeginHelloWorld function in the proxy requires a callback function as a parameter. I tested it and the debug output window looked like this: 04:40:58.57 Pre BeginHelloWorld... 04:40:58.57 Post BeginHelloWorld 04:41:08.58 AsyncCallback 04:41:08.58 Hello World It works the same as before except for one critical difference: The page rendered immediately after the function call. I was worried the page object would be disposed after rendering the page but the system was smart enough to keep the page object in memory to handle the callback. Both techniques have a use: Delayed Render: Say you want to verify a credit card, look up shipping costs and confirm if an item is in stock. You could have three web service calls running in parallel and not render the page until all were finished. Nice. You can send information back to the client as part of the rendered page when all the services are finished. Immediate Render: Say you just want to start a service running and return to the client. You can do that too. However, the page gets sent to the client before the service has finished running so you will not be able to update parts of the page when the service finishes running. Summary: YourFunctionAsync() and an EventHandler will not render the page until the handler fires. BeginYourFunction() and a CallBack function will render the page as soon as possible. I found all this to be quite interesting and did a lot of searching and researching for documentation on this subject….but there isn't a lot out there. The biggest clues are the parameters that can be sent to the WSDL.exe program: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/7h3ystb6(VS.100).aspx Two parameters are oldAsync and newAsync. OldAsync will create the Begin/End functions; newAsync will create the Async/Event functions. Caveat: I haven't tried this but it was stated in this article. I'll leave confirming this as an exercise for the student J. Included Code: I'm including the complete test project I created to verify the findings. The project was created with VS 2008 SP1. There is a solution file with 3 projects, the 3 projects are: Web Service Asp.Net Application Windows Forms Application To decide which program runs, you right-click a project and select "Set as Startup Project". I created and played with the Windows Forms application to see if it would reveal any secrets. I found that in the Windows Forms application, the generated proxy did NOT include the Begin/Callback functions. Those functions are only generated for Asp.Net pages. Probably for the reasons discussed earlier. Maybe those Microsoft boys and girls know what they are doing. I hope someone finds this useful. Steve Wellens

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