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• Linux says a kernel module has an unknown symbol, but another loaded module provides it.

  - by raldi

  I'm trying to install a driver for a USB DAQ box, which annoyingly, I have to compile myself. I believe I've succeeded -- I have two .ko files: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45271 2010-03-18 21:24 advdrv_core.ko -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24312 2010-03-18 21:24 usb4761.ko I was able to run insmod on the first without incident, but when I try on the second, I get a flood of messages: kernel: [686782.106547] usb4761: no symbol version for adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106555] usb4761: Unknown symbol adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106691] usb4761: no symbol version for advdrv_unregister_driver kernel: [686782.106695] usb4761: Unknown symbol advdrv_unregister_driver However, advdrv_core.ko provides these symbols. My kernel sure seems to have them in memory: # cat /proc/kallsyms | grep advdrv_unregister_driver f8d88504 r __ksymtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d888d2 r __kstrtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d885a4 r __kcrctab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] 086eb8fb a __crc_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d86e90 t advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] Why does my insmod claim they're unknown symbols?

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• Suspend not working after kernel update on an HP Envy14 1050

  - by leoxweb

  I just update ubuntu 12.04 to the kernel 3.2.0-30 and together with it a lot of packeges in the system. I am running it on an HP Envy14 1050. When I first made a fresh install of the clean ubuntu 12.04 I had the problem that when restoring from suspend the screen was black, although some backlight was there. I could fix it following this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/989674/comments/20. Now, after the update the black screen after suspend has reappeared but with no backlight at all and the led in the caps lock key blinking. The laptop is using a ATI radeon 5600 with the privative drivers. During the update process there was an error with depmod . You can see the /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt-term.log file at the end. UPDATE: suspend is not working at all. The problem is not when restoring from suspend, but when I try to suspend the system it gets blocked and the fan running. Only option is to press power button. Log started: 2012-09-12 00:46:46 (Reading database ... 198909 files and directories currently installed.) Removing icedtea-7-jre-cacao ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic. (Reading database ... 198901 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (from .../linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic_3.2.0-30.48_amd64.deb) ... Done. Preparing to replace icedtea-7-jre-jamvm 7~u3-2.1.1~pre1-1ubuntu3 (using .../icedtea-7-jre-jamvm_7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement icedtea-7-jre-jamvm ... Preparing to replace openjdk-7-jre-lib 7~u3-2.1.1~pre1-1ubuntu3 (using .../openjdk-7-jre-lib_7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement openjdk-7-jre-lib ... Preparing to replace openjdk-7-jre-headless 7~u3-2.1.1~pre1-1ubuntu3 (using .../openjdk-7-jre-headless_7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement openjdk-7-jre-headless ... Preparing to replace python-problem-report 2.0.1-0ubuntu12 (using .../python-problem-report_2.0.1-0ubuntu13_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement python-problem-report ... Preparing to replace python-apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu12 (using .../python-apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu13_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement python-apport ... Preparing to replace apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu12 (using .../apport_2.0.1-0ubuntu13_all.deb) ... apport stop/waiting Unpacking replacement apport ... Preparing to replace apport-gtk 2.0.1-0ubuntu12 (using .../apport-gtk_2.0.1-0ubuntu13_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement apport-gtk ... Preparing to replace firefox-globalmenu 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox-globalmenu_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox-globalmenu ... Preparing to replace firefox 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox ... Preparing to replace firefox-gnome-support 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox-gnome-support_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox-gnome-support ... Preparing to replace firefox-locale-en 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox-locale-en_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox-locale-en ... Preparing to replace firefox-locale-es 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox-locale-es_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox-locale-es ... Preparing to replace firefox-locale-zh-hans 15.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../firefox-locale-zh-hans_15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement firefox-locale-zh-hans ... Preparing to replace totem-mozilla 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../totem-mozilla_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement totem-mozilla ... Preparing to replace libtotem0 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../libtotem0_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libtotem0 ... Preparing to replace totem-plugins 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../totem-plugins_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement totem-plugins ... Preparing to replace totem 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../totem_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement totem ... Preparing to replace totem-common 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../totem-common_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement totem-common ... Preparing to replace gir1.2-totem-1.0 3.0.1-0ubuntu21 (using .../gir1.2-totem-1.0_3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement gir1.2-totem-1.0 ... Preparing to replace glib-networking-common 2.32.1-1ubuntu1 (using .../glib-networking-common_2.32.1-1ubuntu2_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement glib-networking-common ... Preparing to replace glib-networking 2.32.1-1ubuntu1 (using .../glib-networking_2.32.1-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement glib-networking ... Preparing to replace glib-networking-services 2.32.1-1ubuntu1 (using .../glib-networking-services_2.32.1-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement glib-networking-services ... Preparing to replace linux-firmware 1.79 (using .../linux-firmware_1.79.1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement linux-firmware ... Preparing to replace linux-generic 3.2.0.29.31 (using .../linux-generic_3.2.0.30.32_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement linux-generic ... Preparing to replace linux-image-generic 3.2.0.29.31 (using .../linux-image-generic_3.2.0.30.32_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement linux-image-generic ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.2.0-30. Unpacking linux-headers-3.2.0-30 (from .../linux-headers-3.2.0-30_3.2.0-30.48_all.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic. Unpacking linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic (from .../linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic_3.2.0-30.48_amd64.deb) ... Preparing to replace linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.29.31 (using .../linux-headers-generic_3.2.0.30.32_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement linux-headers-generic ... Preparing to replace linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-29.46 (using .../linux-libc-dev_3.2.0-30.48_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement linux-libc-dev ... Preparing to replace openjdk-7-jre 7~u3-2.1.1~pre1-1ubuntu3 (using .../openjdk-7-jre_7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement openjdk-7-jre ... Preparing to replace openjdk-7-jdk 7~u3-2.1.1~pre1-1ubuntu3 (using .../openjdk-7-jdk_7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement openjdk-7-jdk ... Preparing to replace policykit-1-gnome 0.105-1ubuntu3 (using .../policykit-1-gnome_0.105-1ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement policykit-1-gnome ... Preparing to replace xserver-xorg-input-synaptics 1.6.2-1ubuntu1~precise1 (using .../xserver-xorg-input-synaptics_1.6.2-1ubuntu1~precise2_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement xserver-xorg-input-synaptics ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ... Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ... Unknown media type in type 'all/all' Unknown media type in type 'all/allfiles' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mms' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmst' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmsu' Unknown media type in type 'uri/pnm' Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspt' Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspu' Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for gconf2 ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:i386 ... Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0 ... Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-30-generic (3.2.0-30.48) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Error! Problems with depmod detected. Automatically uninstalling this module. DKMS: Install Failed (depmod problems). Module rolled back to built state. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-30-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1 Found Windows Recovery Environment (loader) on /dev/sda2 Found Windows Recovery Environment (loader) on /dev/sda3 done Setting up python-problem-report (2.0.1-0ubuntu13) ... Setting up python-apport (2.0.1-0ubuntu13) ... Setting up apport (2.0.1-0ubuntu13) ... apport start/running Setting up apport-gtk (2.0.1-0ubuntu13) ... Setting up firefox (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Please restart all running instances of firefox, or you will experience problems. Setting up firefox-globalmenu (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up firefox-gnome-support (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up firefox-locale-en (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up firefox-locale-es (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up firefox-locale-zh-hans (15.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up libtotem0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up totem-common (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up totem (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up totem-mozilla (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up gir1.2-totem-1.0 (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up totem-plugins (3.0.1-0ubuntu21.1) ... Setting up glib-networking-common (2.32.1-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up glib-networking-services (2.32.1-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up glib-networking (2.32.1-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up linux-firmware (1.79.1) ... Setting up linux-image-generic (3.2.0.30.32) ... Setting up linux-generic (3.2.0.30.32) ... Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-30 (3.2.0-30.48) ... Setting up linux-headers-3.2.0-30-generic (3.2.0-30.48) ... Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.2.0-30-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-30-generic Setting up linux-headers-generic (3.2.0.30.32) ... Setting up linux-libc-dev (3.2.0-30.48) ... Setting up policykit-1-gnome (0.105-1ubuntu3.1) ... Setting up xserver-xorg-input-synaptics (1.6.2-1ubuntu1~precise2) ... Setting up openjdk-7-jre-headless (7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Installing new version of config file /etc/java-7-openjdk/security/java.security ... Installing new version of config file /etc/java-7-openjdk/jvm-amd64.cfg ... Setting up openjdk-7-jre-lib (7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up icedtea-7-jre-jamvm (7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up openjdk-7-jre (7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... Setting up openjdk-7-jdk (7u7-2.3.2-1ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provide /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode. Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Log ended: 2012-09-12 00:49:16

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• Slow filesystem access

  - by danneh3826

  I'm trying to diagnose a slow filesystem issue on a server I look after. It's been ongoing for quite some time, and I've run out of ideas as to what I can try. Here's the thick of it. The server itself is a Dell Poweredge T310. It has 4 SAS hard drives in it, configured at RAID5, and is running Citrix XenServer 5.6. The VM is a (relatively) old Debian 5.0.6 installation. It's given 4 cores, and 4Gb's of RAM. It has 3 volumes. A 10Gb volume (ext3) for the system, 980Gb volume (xfs) for data (~94% full), and another 200Gb volume (xfs) for data (~13% full). Now here's the weird thing. Read/write access to the 980Gb volume is really slow. I might get 5Mb/s out of it if I'm lucky. At first I figured it was actually disk access in the system, or at a hypervisor level, but ruled that out entirely as other VMs on the same host are running perfectly fine (a good couple hundred Mb/s disk r/w access). So then I started to target this particular VM. I started thinking it was XFS, but to prove it I wasn't going to attempt to change the filesystem on the 980Gb drive, with years and years of billions of files on there. So I provisioned the 200Gb drive, and did the same read/write test (basically dd), and got a good couple hundred Mb/s r/w access to it. So that ruled out the VM, the hardware, and the filesystem type. There's also a lot of these in /var/log/kern.log; (sorry, this is quite long) Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564689] httpd: page allocation failure. order:5, mode:0x4020 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564693] Pid: 7318, comm: httpd Not tainted 2.6.32-4-686-bigmem #1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564696] Call Trace: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564705] [<c1092a4d>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x476/0x4e0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564711] [<c1092ac3>] ? __get_free_pages+0xc/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564716] [<c10b632e>] ? __kmalloc+0x30/0x128 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564722] [<c11dd774>] ? pskb_expand_head+0x4f/0x157 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564727] [<c11ddbbf>] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x41/0x1fb Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564732] [<c11e4882>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0xe4/0x38e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564738] [<c1205902>] ? ip_finish_output+0x0/0x5c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564742] [<c12058c7>] ? ip_finish_output2+0x187/0x1c2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564747] [<c1204dc8>] ? ip_local_out+0x15/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564751] [<c12055a9>] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x31e/0x379 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564758] [<c1279a90>] ? _spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564767] [<eda15a8d>] ? __nf_ct_refresh_acct+0x66/0xa4 [nf_conntrack] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564773] [<c103bf42>] ? _local_bh_enable_ip+0x16/0x6e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564779] [<c1214593>] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x595/0x5cc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564785] [<c1005c4f>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564791] [<c12165ea>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a3/0x874 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564796] [<c121203a>] ? tcp_ack+0x1611/0x1802 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564801] [<c10055ec>] ? xen_force_evtchn_callback+0xc/0x10 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564806] [<c121392f>] ? tcp_established_options+0x1d/0x8b Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564811] [<c1213be4>] ? tcp_current_mss+0x38/0x53 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564816] [<c1216701>] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x1e/0x50 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564821] [<c1212246>] ? tcp_data_snd_check+0x1b/0xd2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564825] [<c1212de3>] ? tcp_rcv_established+0x5d0/0x626 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564831] [<c121902c>] ? tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x15f/0x2cf Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564835] [<c1219561>] ? tcp_v4_rcv+0x3c5/0x5c0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564841] [<c120197e>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0x10c/0x18c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564846] [<c12015a4>] ? ip_rcv_finish+0x2c4/0x2d8 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564852] [<c11e3b71>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x3bb/0x3d6 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564864] [<ed823efc>] ? xennet_poll+0x9b8/0xafc [xen_netfront] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564869] [<c11e40ee>] ? net_rx_action+0x96/0x194 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564874] [<c103bd4c>] ? __do_softirq+0xaa/0x151 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564878] [<c103be24>] ? do_softirq+0x31/0x3c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564883] [<c103befa>] ? irq_exit+0x26/0x58 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564890] [<c118ff9f>] ? xen_evtchn_do_upcall+0x12c/0x13e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564896] [<c1008c3f>] ? xen_do_upcall+0x7/0xc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564899] Mem-Info: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564902] DMA per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564905] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564908] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564911] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564914] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564916] Normal per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564919] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 175 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564922] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 165 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564925] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564928] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 140 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564931] HighMem per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564933] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 159 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564936] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 22 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564939] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 24 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564942] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 13 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564947] active_anon:485974 inactive_anon:121138 isolated_anon:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564948] active_file:75215 inactive_file:79510 isolated_file:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564949] unevictable:0 dirty:516 writeback:15 unstable:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564950] free:230770 slab_reclaimable:36661 slab_unreclaimable:21249 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564952] mapped:20016 shmem:29450 pagetables:5600 bounce:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564958] DMA free:2884kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:5692kB inactive_file:724kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:8kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:5112kB slab_unreclaimable:156kB kernel_stack:56kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564964] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 698 4143 4143 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564977] Normal free:143468kB min:3344kB low:4180kB high:5016kB active_anon:56kB inactive_anon:2068kB active_file:131812kB inactive_file:131728kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:715256kB mlocked:0kB dirty:156kB writeback:0kB mapped:308kB shmem:4kB slab_reclaimable:141532kB slab_unreclaimable:84840kB kernel_stack:1928kB pagetables:22400kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564983] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 27559 27559 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564995] HighMem free:776728kB min:512kB low:4636kB high:8760kB active_anon:1943840kB inactive_anon:482484kB active_file:163356kB inactive_file:185588kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:3527556kB mlocked:0kB dirty:1900kB writeback:60kB mapped:79756kB shmem:117796kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565001] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565011] DMA: 385*4kB 16*8kB 3*16kB 9*32kB 6*64kB 2*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 2900kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565032] Normal: 21505*4kB 6508*8kB 273*16kB 24*32kB 3*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 143412kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565054] HighMem: 949*4kB 8859*8kB 7063*16kB 6186*32kB 4631*64kB 727*128kB 6*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 776604kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565076] 198980 total pagecache pages Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565079] 14850 pages in swap cache Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565082] Swap cache stats: add 2556273, delete 2541423, find 82961339/83153719 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565085] Free swap = 250592kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565087] Total swap = 385520kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575454] 1073152 pages RAM Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575458] 888834 pages HighMem Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575461] 11344 pages reserved Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575463] 1090481 pages shared Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575465] 737188 pages non-shared Now, I've no idea what this means. There's plenty of free memory; total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4247232 3455904 791328 0 5348 736412 -/+ buffers/cache: 2714144 1533088 Swap: 385520 131004 254516 Though now I see the swap is relatively low in size, but would that matter? I've been starting to think about fragmentation, or inode usage on that large partition, but a recent fsck on it showed is as only like 0.5% fragmented. Which leaves me with inode usage, but how much of an effect really would a large inode table or filesystem TOC have? I've love to hear people's opinions on this. It's driving me potty! df -h output; Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 9.5G 6.6G 2.4G 74% / tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 520K 9.5M 6% /dev tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb 980G 921G 59G 94% /data

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• Higher resolutions unavailable with 2.6.38-8 kernel

  - by time-wastrel

  After upgrading to Natty and the 2.6.38-8 kernel I could no longer obtain the 1920x1080 resolution available in Maverick with 2.6.35-22. In fact the boot occasionally hung. However, after selecting the remaining 2.6.35-22 kernel, the high resolution was available. I then made the mistake of completely reinstalling, but could never get the higher resolutions with 2.6.38-8, no matter what I did. e.g. trying the nvidia proprietary driver, creating an xorg.conf. Even from the command line using xrandr --newmode "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync xrandr --addmode DVI-I-1 1920x1080_60.00 xrandr --output DVI-I-1 --mode 1920x1080_60.00 all I would get would be a blank screen and the monitor reporting no input. (Low resolutions displayed fine with xrandr.) I could actually add the 1920x1080 to the already existing probe-reported resolutions in the pool of available resolutions, but choosing it would give the blank screen. In the end I installed the 2.6.35-22 kernel again. The high resolution is back. For a while there, staying up all night and trying many things, I thought that a new video board or monitor might be needed, but deep down, I knew that they were both OK. My question is - "Is this some bug involving the latest kernel, that will go away, or if this persists in future kernels, is there a way to make sure that I can keep my native resolution?"

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• No grub selection after installing kernel Ubuntu 14.04

  - by CPJ

  I have installed a new kernel on my system which can be found by grub but when I restart I can only select the old kernel. Things I tried in other threds with similar problems didn't help. sudo update-grub gives Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.15.0-031500rc2-lowlatency Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.15.0-031500rc2-lowlatency Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.15.0-031500rc2-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.15.0-031500rc2-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin done However, afer a reboot I can only choose the 3.13 kernel. Any ideas what happened? I I have a full encrypted hard drive so maybe I have overseen something while installing the new kernel to get this work? The grub config file is GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=false GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="" GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=1 Any ideas? Thanks.

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• Linux Kernel programming: trying to get vm_area_struct->vm_start crashes kernel

  - by confusedKid

  Hi, this is for an assignment at school, where I need to determine the size of the processes on the system using a system call. My code is as follows: ... struct task_struct *p; struct vm_area_struct *v; struct mm_struct *m; read_lock(&tasklist_lock); for_each_process(p) { printk("%ld\n", p->pid); m = p->mm; v = m->mmap; long start = v->vm_start; printk("vm_start is %ld\n", start); } read_unlock(&tasklist_lock); ... When I run a user level program that calls this system call, the output that I get is: 1 vm_start is 134512640 2 EIP: 0073:[<0806e352] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:0f7ecf04 EFLAGS: 00010246 Not tainted EAX: 00000000 EBX: 0fc587c0 ECX: 081fbb58 EDX: 00000000 ESI: bf88efe0 EDI: 0f482284 EBP: 0f7ecf10 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9bc0: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9bec: [<080587ac] segv+0x225/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel mode fault at addr 0x0, ip 0x806e352 EIP: 0073:[<400ea0f2] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:bf88ef9c EFLAGS: 00000246 Not tainted EAX: ffffffda EBX: 00000000 ECX: bf88efc8 EDX: 080483c8 ESI: 00000000 EDI: bf88efe0 EBP: bf88f038 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9b28: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9b54: [<08058a1a] panic_exit+0x25/0x3f 081f9b68: [<08084f54] notifier_call_chain+0x21/0x46 081f9b88: [<08084fef] __atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x17/0x19 081f9ba4: [<08085006] atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x15/0x17 081f9bc0: [<0807039a] panic+0x52/0xd8 081f9be0: [<080587ba] segv+0x233/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 The first process (pid = 1) gave me the vm_start without any problems, but when I try to access the second process, the kernel crashes. Can anyone tell me what's wrong, and maybe how to fix it as well? Thanks a lot! (sorry for the bad formatting....) edit: This is done in a Fedora 2.6 core in an uml environment.

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• Will it be possible to use a non-pae kernel in 12.10

  - by Roland Taylor

  I know that Ubuntu +1 questions are frowned upon, but this I believe is a fair exception. Currently I have 2 systems running Ubuntu 12.10, and one of them has a Pentium M that doesn't support PAE (strange I know, but true). This has meant in the past that I had to rely on a custom iso to install Ubuntu a similar system,and so this time I went with Xubuntu 12.04. My question is 2 fold, but really one question: Is it/will it be possible to install a non-pae version of the 12.10 kernel from the standard repositories? If no, how can I get such a kernel? (Is there a PPA with such a kernel available?). NB: Before anyone suggests that I just install this package: http://packages.ubuntu.com/quantal/linux-image-generic, please note that this comes with PAE enabled. P.S. Yes, I have Googled. I haven't found the answer.

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• Only upgrading the kernel!

  - by Anwar Shah

  I have seen some people saying to install the kernel of Ubuntu 11.04 (probably 2.6.38..) to use on Ubuntu 10.04 (2.6.35...may be) to only be able to use a Wimax device driver without upgrading their whole Ubuntu System. I find in this method something wrong, but I cannot argue as they are saying that it is OK!!. I tried to insist to upgrade to the latest Ubuntu version with all the software. But I also have the question myself : Does upgrading only the kernel is Okay ? or in other words, Is it OK to have Hardy system with Precise kernel (by adding precise's repository and removing it after upgrade). What are the possible problems ?

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• Ubuntu cannot boot after kernel upgrade

  - by andrey

  Today I have upgraded the Linux kernel (using the Update Manager), from 3.0.0.16-generic to 3.0.0.17-generic. However, after this update, Ubuntu 11.10 cannot boot anymore. I see a strange message which says "initclt: event failed". And if I press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[F1] it still allows me to log into the text mode. But if I type sudo lightdm, I cannot log into the graphical mode. However, if I choose to boot an older kernel from the GRUB, Ubuntu boots correctly. What should I do, in order to be able to boot the system using the new kernel?

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• Broadcom 4365 wireless driver with 3.4 / 3.5 kernel

  - by zaid

  I used this package to install the driver on 3.2 Kernel and it was working perfectly. Unfortunately the system used to freeze randomly with 3.2 kernel so I installed 3.4 kernel, now there is no freezing, the only problem is that my wifi card is not working, I tried to re-install the package, but didn't work. I can see the driver in the "additional drivers" and it say that it is active, but when I execute iwconfig it doesn't show up. I've even tried ndiswraper and that didn't work either. my lspci: 01:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01)

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• Kernel Panic Fatal Machine Check

  - by 0x4a6f4672

  I have got a new Samsung Series 7 laptop with dual boot setup for Windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.10. The Ubuntu installation was quite a hassle, but with the help of Boot Repair finally it seemed to work. Or so I thought. Windows 8 starts fine, but if I want to start Ubuntu regularly the following error occurs, quite similar to this one [Hardware Error] CPU 1: Machine Check Exception: 5 Bank 6 [Hardware Error] RIP !inexact! 33 <00007fab2074598a> [Hardware Error] TSC 95b623464c ADDR fe400 MISC 3880000086 .. [similar messages for CPU 2,3 and 0] .. [Hardware Error] Machine Check: Processor context corrupt Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal Machine Check Rebooting in 30 seconds Kernel panic does not sound good. Then it starts to reboot, and the second boot trial often works. Is it a Kernel or driver problem? The laptop has an Intel Core i7 processor. I already deactivated Hyperthreading in the BIOS, but it does not seem to help :-(

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• Broadcom 4365 wireless driver on 12.04 with 3.4 / 3.5 kernel

  - by zaid

  I used this package to install the driver on 3.2 Kernel and it was working perfectly. Unfortunately the system used to freeze randomly with 3.2 kernel so I installed 3.4 kernel, now there is no freezing, the only problem is that my wifi card is not working, I tried to re-install the package, but didn't work. I can see the driver in the "additional drivers" and it say that it is active, but when I execute iwconfig it doesn't show up. I've even tried ndiswraper and that didn't work either. my lspci: 01:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01)

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• replacing kernel on non-booting ec2 instance

  - by TheToolBox

  So I had an amazon ec2 instance crash during the update to 14.04LTS. Frustratingly, it appears the kernel might be bad (or at least that's what the log below says to me, I could totally be wrong). I'm able to mount the volume to another, working server, chroot the broken volume, and sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-3.MOSTRECENT. Unfortunately though, when I try sudo update-grub, it comes back with /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for / (is /dev mounted?). What am I missing? Here's the log from the server's attempted bootup: [H[J Booting 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, memtest86+' root (hd0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, using whole disk kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin ============= Init TPM Front ================ Tpmfront:Error Unable to read device/vtpm/0/backend-id during tpmfront initialization! error = ENOENT Tpmfront:Info Shutting down tpmfront xc: error: panic: xc_dom_core.c:621: xc_dom_find_loader: no loader found: Invalid kernel xc_dom_parse_image returned -1 close(3) Error 9: Unknown boot failure Press any key to continue... Thanks in advance!

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• Install/Downgrade kernel to v3.5.5 on Ubuntu 13.04

  - by Villi Magg

  I've been looking around the internet for a solution to downgrade the kernel from 3.8 to 3.5.5 since I've got the AMD/Ati Radeon Mobility HD 5600 graphic card on my machine. This video card in unfortunately not supported by the 3.8 kernel. And then when I've downgraded the kernel I need to install a version 12.* of the AMD Catalyst driver. There is too much in stake to wipe out the current installation of the OS and install an older OS. So I would like to avoid doing that to the ends of the world. Hope someone can help me with this one? Kind regards! Villi Magg.

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• laptop suspend broken after latest kernel update

  - by Iestyn ap Mwg

  I ran a software update (Ubuntu 14.04) on my laptop over the weekend, which included an update from kernel 3.13.0-24 to 3.13.0-27, among other things. Today i had to take my laptop to work, so closed the lid and put it in my bag. However, it never went into suspend mode! I tried several times, even rebooting. Finally I tried the previous kernel from the grub menu (reverting back to the -24 one) and suspend works the same as it always had before. Did something suspend related change between the -24 and -27 kernels used in Ubuntu 14.04? I think by only reverting to a previous kernel to temporarily fix it, i've ruled out any other software changes made during the weekend's upgrade.

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• Error when I compile kernel 3.3.2 in ubuntu 12.04

  - by rock-alternativo

  I thinks is not a bug of ubuntu. This is the output: OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin HOSTCC arch/x86/boot/tools/build BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage Setup is 16800 bytes (padded to 16896 bytes). System is 4599 kB CRC f77d64c0 Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#1) Building modules, stage 2. MODPOST 3268 modules ERROR: "__modver_version_show" [drivers/staging/rts5139/rts5139.ko] undefined! WARNING: modpost: Found 4 section mismatch(es). To see full details build your kernel with: 'make CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y' make[1]: *** [__modpost] Error 1 make: *** [modules] Error 2

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• Clean Ubuntu 14.04 install taking longer to boot after kernel upgrade

  - by mvburgos

  Hello this is my first post. I own an Asus Chromebox (2gb ram, 16 gb sdd, 3.0 usb ports) and fresh installed Ubuntu 14.04 x64. I decided to upgrade kernel because I was experiencing some freezing issues with XBMC, So first i installed stable kernel 3.14.04 from mainline and boot time was fine (it booted very fast I would say about 5 seconds) then after a while I installed kernels 3.15 and 3.14.06 BUT this time I also removed OLD STOCK KERNELS (dunno if that has something to do) after that the problem began, boot time is taking way longer, I would say about 30 seconds. Finally today I installed kernel 3.14.07, set grub to boot with that by default but same thing :( I post boot.log and dmesg, hope it is correct for this matter, if you need any other log just let me know. boot.log dmesg

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• Will modules installed by insmod command persist after rebooting?

  - by apache

  There is how the book I'm reading describe the insmod utility: The program loads the module code and data into the kernel, which, in turn, performs a function similar to that of ld, in that it links any unresolved symbol in the module to the symbol table of the kernel. Unlike the linker, however, the kernel doesn’t modify the module’s disk file, but rather an in-memory copy. It looks like it won't persist since it's in-memory, but I'm not sure.

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• Removing padding from structure in kernel module

  - by dexkid

  I am compiling a kernel module, containing a structure of size 34, using the standard command. make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERSION)/build M=$(PWD) modules The sizeof(some_structure) is coming as 36 instead of 34 i.e. the compiler is padding the structure. How do I remove this padding? Running make V=1 shows the gcc compiler options passed as make -I../inc -C /lib/modules/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE/build M=/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE' test -e include/linux/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \ echo; \ echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ echo " include/linux/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing."; \ echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ echo; \ /bin/false) mkdir -p /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.tmp_versions/* make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src gcc -Wp,-MD,/home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/.eth_main.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/gcc/i586-redhat-linux/4.4.0/include -Iinclude -I/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.4-167.fc11.i686.PAE/arch/x86/include -include include/linux/autoconf.h -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Os -m32 -msoft-float -mregparm=3 -freg-struct-return -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 -march=i686 -mtune=generic -Wa,-mtune=generic32 -ffreestanding -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -Iarch/x86/include/asm/mach-generic -Iarch/x86/include/asm/mach-default -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -fno-stack-protector -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -g -pg -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fwrapv -fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm -DTX_DESCRIPTOR_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DRX_DESCRIPTOR_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DTX_BUFFER_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DRX_BUFFER_IN_SYSTEM_MEMORY -DALTERNATE_DESCRIPTORS -DEXT_8_BYTE_DESCRIPTOR -O0 -Wall -DT_ETH_1588_051 -DALTERNATE_DESCRIPTORS -DEXT_8_BYTE_DESCRIPTOR -DNETHERNET_INTERRUPTS -DETH_IEEE1588_TESTS -DSNAPTYPSEL_TMSTRENA_TEVENTENA_TESTS -DT_ETH_1588_140_147 -DLOW_DEBUG_PRINTS -DMEDIUM_DEBUG_PRINTS -DHIGH_DEBUG_PRINTS -DMODULE -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=#s" -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR(eth_main)" -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR(conxt_eth)" -c -o /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/eth_main.o /home/vishal/20100426_eth_vishal/organised_eth/src/eth_main.c

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• Removing old kernel entries in Grub

  - by To Do

  I regularly delete old kernels leaving only the latest two entries using Synaptic. I'm using Precise. However in my Grub "previous Linux version" menu there are quite a few entries labelled 2.6.8. I cannot find these linux-images in Synaptic. dpkg -l | grep linux-image Gives: rc linux-image-3.0.0-17-generic 3.0.0-17.30 Linux kernel image for version 3.0.0 on x86/x86_64 ii linux-image-3.2.0-27-generic 3.2.0-27.43 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic 3.2.0-29.46 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic 3.4.0-030400.201205210521 Linux kernel image for version 3.4.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.29.31 Generic Linux kernel image Sudo update-grub gives: Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found Windows Vista (loader) on /dev/sda1 sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic gives: E: Unable to locate package linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'linux-image-2.6.8-8-generic' My boot folder contains the following: abi-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic abi-2.6.38-11-generic memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-8-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-3.2.0-27-generic System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.2.0-29-generic System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.4.0-030400-generic System.map-2.6.38-8-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic System.map-3.2.0-27-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic System.map-3.2.0-29-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic System.map-3.4.0-030400-generic config-3.2.0-27-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-3.2.0-29-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.4.0-030400-generic vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic extlinux vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic grub vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-27-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic and ls -l /etc/grub.d yields: total 56 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6715 Apr 17 20:16 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5522 Oct 1 2011 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7407 May 17 09:22 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6335 Apr 17 20:16 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1588 May 3 2011 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7603 Apr 17 20:16 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 1 2011 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Oct 1 2011 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 1 2011 README gdisk -l /dev/sda yields: Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format. *************************************************************** Disk /dev/sda: 312581808 sectors, 149.1 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): F832A498-05E1-4615-B5B1-757ACB4A757A Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 312581774 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 4183661 sectors (2.0 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 61442047 29.3 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 3 163842048 169986047 2.9 GiB 8200 Linux swap 4 169986048 312578047 68.0 GiB 0700 Microsoft basic data 5 61444096 159666175 46.8 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem Please help with removing the old and inexistent kernels from Grub.

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• X server not starting up after new kernel compilation

  - by tech_learner

  I have compiled the Kernel on my 64-bit Debian XPS Studio 1340 Dell system. srikanth@debian:~ - 05:40:52 PM - $ uname -a Linux debian 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Thu Mar 22 17:26:33 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux Kernel version that I have used and compiled from kernel.org is 2.6.35.13 I have nvidia installed on old kernel. I got the old config and I used the same config to compile the new kernel. Everything went well and I got two debian packages ( image and headers ) which I have installed on my system. When I select the new kernel on the boot menu and I go into it, the X server is not starting up possibly because I have to "rebuild" ( not sure how to do that ) according to this link: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/slackware-14/x-server-not-starting-after-kernel-compilation-605265/ Can you suggest how to do the rebuild on nvidia module so that I can start x ( without seeing any blank screen or error saying nvidia module is missing ) ? PS: The link that I have used to compile the kernel is https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kernel/Compile#Alternate_Build_Method:_The_Old-Fashioned_Debian_Way

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• High frequency, kernel bypass vs tuning kernels?

  - by Keith

  I often hear tales about High Frequency shops using network cards which do kernel bypass. However, I also often hear about them using operating systems where they "tune" the kernel. If they are bypassing the kernel, do they need to tune the kernel? Is it a case of they do both because whilst the network packets will bypass the kernel due to the card, there is still all the other stuff going on which tuning the kernel would help? So in other words, they use both approaches, one is just to speed up network activity and the other makes the OS generally more responsive/faster? I ask because a friend of mine who works within this industry once said they don't really bother with kernel tuning anymore-because they use kernel bypass network cards? This didn't make too much sense as I thought you would always want a faster kernel for all the CPU-offloaded calculations.

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• kernelHow to read/write files within kernel module?

  - by Methos

  I know all the discussions about why one should not read/write files from kernel, instead how to use /proc or netlink to do that. I want to read/write anyway. I have also read http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8110 However, problem is 2.6.30 does not export sys_read(). Rather its wrapped in SYSCALL_DEFINE3. So if I use that in my module, I get following warnings: WARNING: "sys_read" [xxx.ko] undefined! WARNING: "sys_open" [xxx.ko] undefined! Obviously insmod cannot load the module because linking does not happen correctly. Questions: How to read/write within kernel after 2.6.22 (where sys_read()/sys_open() are not exported)? In general, how to use system calls wrapped in macro SYSCALL_DEFINEn() from within the kernel?

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• RHEL 6 vs latest vanilla kernel differences?

  - by Yanko Hernández Álvarez

  What are the differences of the RHEL 6 kernel and the latest kernel.org one? I know RHEL is based on 2.6.32 with some features backported from newer kernels and that it also has other features that are not yet part of the latest vanilla kernel. Is there any comparison of the features of both kernels so I can tell how advanced is the RHEL kernel 6 vs. latest vanilla and vice versa?. It don't have to be the latest kernel at all, but the more recent the vanilla version, the better. What I want to know is: What features I lose/win if I change the RHEL kernel for the latest kernel.org’s one? What features are less matured/developed in the latest vanilla kernel than in RHEL’s (and vice versa)? (I guess KVM virtualization is one of them, but I'm not so sure.) What things (libraries / programs / etc) don’t interact as well with the latest vanilla kernel than with the RHEL’s one? In a related note: Is there ANY way to be as up to date (kernelwise) as possible (using RHEL 6) without loosing too much in the process? (Any way except doing the patching myself, I don’t have the necessary expertise) Any repo I don’t know of? Any alternative? Update: The srpm doesn't include patches (see comments), so that way is not possible. Clarification: I'm interested in how "old" the RHEL kernel gets as time goes by, and to know when the latest upstream kernel includes all the improvements included in the RHEL version.

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• dist-update kernel failed?

  - by AlbertK

  I run: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade , and the linux kernel seemed to be updated to 3.2.0-31-generic successfully. However, after I rebooted, I typed: uname -a , it showed : Linux Albert-PC 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Does that means the kernel wasn't being updated? I didn't encounter any error or warning messages during the upgrade or dist-upgrade. Thanks for any help

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