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• How to send multiple MVP matrices to a vertex shader in OpenGL ES 2.0

  - by Carbon Crystal

  I'm working my way through optimizing the rendering of sprites in a 2D game using OpenGL ES and I've hit the limit of my knowledge when it comes to GLSL and vertex shaders. I have two large float buffers containing my vertex coordinates and texture coordinates (eventually this will be one buffer) for multiple sprites in order to perform a single glDrawArrays call. This works but I've hit a snag when it comes to passing the transformation matrix into the vertex shader. My shader code is: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix; attribute vec4 a_Position; attribute vec2 a_TexCoordinate; varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate; void main() { v_TexCoordinate = a_TexCoordinate; gl_Position = u_MVPMatrix * a_Position; } In Java (Android) I am using a FloatBuffer to store the vertex/texture data and this is provided to the shader like so: mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mVertexHandle, Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mVertexCoordinates); mGlEs20.glVertexAttribPointer(mTextureCoordinateHandle, Globals.GL_TEXTURE_VERTEX_COUNT, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, mTextureCoordinates); (The Globals.GL_POSITION_VERTEX_COUNT etc are just integers with the value of 2 right now) And I'm passing the MVP (Model/View/Projection) matrix buffer like this: GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mModelCoordinates); (mModelCoordinates is a FloatBuffer containing 16-float sequences representing the MVP matrix for each sprite) This renders my scene but all the sprites share the same transformation, so it's obviously only picking the first 16 elements from the buffer which makes sense since I am passing in "1" as the second parameter. The documentation for this method says: "This should be 1 if the targeted uniform variable is not an array of matrices, and 1 or more if it is an array of matrices." So I tried modifying the shader with a fixed size array large enough to accomodate most of my scenarios: uniform mat4 u_MVPMatrix[1000]; But this lead to an error in the shader: cannot convert from 'uniform array of 4X4 matrix of float' to 'Position 4-component vector of float' This just seems wrong anyway as it's not clear to me how the shader would know when to transition to the next matrix anyway. Anyone have an idea how I can get my shader to pick up a different MVP matrix (i.e. the NEXT 16 floats) from my MVP buffer for every 4 vertices it encounters? (I am using GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP so each sprite has 4 vertices). Thanks!

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• OpenGL and switchable graphic cards

  - by Orcun

  I use a laptop and this laptop has readon AMD Radeon HD 6470M and onboad graphic card. When I run fglrxinfo, I get this error: X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 136 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 12 Current serial number in output stream: 12 Is it a problem ? Because of I reason I can't use opengl. Because, I can't run any opengl applications.

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• Understanding OpenGL Matrices

  - by Omega

  I'm starting to learn about 3D rendering and I've been making good progress. I've picked up a lot regarding matrices and the general operations that can be performed on them. One thing I'm still not quite following is OpenGL's use of matrices. I see this (and things like it) quite a lot: x y z n ------- 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 So my best understanding, is that it is a normalized (no magnitude) 4 dimensional, column-major matrix. Also that this matrix in particular is called the "identity matrix". Some questions: What is the "nth" dimension? How and when are these applied? My biggest confusion arises from how OpenGL makes use of this kind of data.

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• openGL ES retina support

  - by Bryan

  I'm trying to get the avTouch sample code app to run on the retina display. Has anyone done this? In the CALevelMeter class, I've tried the following: - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder { if (self = [super initWithCoder:coder]) { CGFloat f = self.contentScaleFactor; if ([self respondsToSelector:@selector(contentScaleFactor)]) { self.contentScaleFactor = [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale]; } f = self.contentScaleFactor; _showsPeaks = YES; _channelNumbers = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:0], nil]; _vertical = NO; _useGL = YES; _meterTable = new MeterTable(kMinDBvalue); [self layoutSubLevelMeters]; [self registerForBackgroundNotifications]; } return self; } and it sets the contentScaleFactor to "2". Great, that was expected. But then in the layoutSubviews, CALevelMeter frame is still 1/2 of what it should be. Any ideas?

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• OpenGL ES perspective projection

  - by TimeManx

  I'm having a hard time understanding how glFrustum & gluPerspective work. I understand the concept of perspective projection but the functions aren't behaving how I expect them to. For example, if I set the frustum this way glFrustumf(0, 10, 0, 10, 1, 100) and have a rectangle at points 0, 0, 1, 0, 10, 1, 10, 10, 1, 10, 0, 1 then the rectangle is drawn with its left edge at -5 & right edge at 5, so the left half of the rectangle isn't visible. And if x is translated, I'd expect y to be too. But that doesn't happen either. In whatever examples I've seen, the coordinates for the projection matrix are taken as glFrustumf(-10, 10, -10, 10, 1, 100) but either way, whatever part is shown should be dependent on the rectangle's coordinates, right?

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• LWJGL - Eclipse error [on hold]

  - by Zarkopafilis

  When I try to run my lwjgl project, an error pops . Here is the log file: # A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment: # EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x6d8fcc0a, pid=5612, tid=900 # JRE version: 6.0_16-b01 Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (14.2-b01 mixed mode windows-x86 ) Problematic frame: V [jvm.dll+0xfcc0a] # If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit: http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp # --------------- T H R E A D --------------- Current thread (0x016b9000): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_vm, id=900, stack(0x00160000,0x001b0000)] siginfo: ExceptionCode=0xc0000005, reading address 0x00000000 Registers: EAX=0x00000000, EBX=0x00000000, ECX=0x00000006, EDX=0x00000000 ESP=0x001af4d4, EBP=0x001af524, ESI=0x016b9000, EDI=0x016b9110 EIP=0x6d8fcc0a, EFLAGS=0x00010246 Top of Stack: (sp=0x001af4d4) 0x001af4d4: 6da44bd8 016b9110 00000000 001af668 0x001af4e4: ffffffff 22200000 001af620 76ec39c2 0x001af4f4: 001af524 6d801086 0000000b 001afd34 0x001af504: 016b9000 016dd990 016b9000 00000000 0x001af514: 001af5f4 6d9ee000 6d9ef2f0 ffffffff 0x001af524: 001af58c 10008c85 016b9110 00000000 0x001af534: 00000000 000a0554 00000000 00000024 0x001af544: 00000000 00000000 001af6ac 00000000 Instructions: (pc=0x6d8fcc0a) 0x6d8fcbfa: e8 e8 d0 1d 08 00 8b 45 10 c7 45 d8 0b 00 00 00 0x6d8fcc0a: 8b 00 8b 48 08 0f b7 51 26 8b 40 0c 8b 4c 90 20 Stack: [0x00160000,0x001b0000], sp=0x001af4d4, free space=317k Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code) V [jvm.dll+0xfcc0a] C [lwjgl.dll+0x8c85] C [USER32.dll+0x18876] C [USER32.dll+0x170f4] C [USER32.dll+0x1119e] C [ntdll.dll+0x460ce] C [USER32.dll+0x10e29] C [USER32.dll+0x10e84] C [lwjgl.dll+0x1cf0] j org.lwjgl.opengl.WindowsDisplay.createWindow(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/DrawableLWJGL;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/DisplayMode;Ljava/awt/Canvas;II)V+102 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.createWindow()V+71 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/PixelFormat;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/Drawable;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/ContextAttribs;)V+72 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/PixelFormat;)V+12 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create()V+7 j zarkopafilis.koding.io.javafx.Main.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+16 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub V [jvm.dll+0xecf9c] V [jvm.dll+0x1741e1] V [jvm.dll+0xed01d] V [jvm.dll+0xf5be5] V [jvm.dll+0xfd83d] C [javaw.exe+0x2155] C [javaw.exe+0x833e] C [kernel32.dll+0x51154] C [ntdll.dll+0x5b2b9] C [ntdll.dll+0x5b28c] Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code) j org.lwjgl.opengl.WindowsDisplay.nCreateWindow(IIIIZZJ)J+0 j org.lwjgl.opengl.WindowsDisplay.createWindow(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/DrawableLWJGL;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/DisplayMode;Ljava/awt/Canvas;II)V+102 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.createWindow()V+71 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/PixelFormat;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/Drawable;Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/ContextAttribs;)V+72 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create(Lorg/lwjgl/opengl/PixelFormat;)V+12 j org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.create()V+7 j zarkopafilis.koding.io.javafx.Main.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+16 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub --------------- P R O C E S S --------------- Java Threads: ( = current thread ) 0x0179a400 JavaThread "Low Memory Detector" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=4460, stack(0x0b900000,0x0b950000)] 0x01795400 JavaThread "CompilerThread0" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=5264, stack(0x0b8b0000,0x0b900000)] 0x01790c00 JavaThread "Attach Listener" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=6080, stack(0x0b860000,0x0b8b0000)] 0x01786400 JavaThread "Signal Dispatcher" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=1204, stack(0x0b810000,0x0b860000)] 0x01759c00 JavaThread "Finalizer" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=5772, stack(0x0b7c0000,0x0b810000)] 0x01755000 JavaThread "Reference Handler" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=4696, stack(0x01640000,0x01690000)] =0x016b9000 JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_vm, id=900, stack(0x00160000,0x001b0000)] Other Threads: 0x01751c00 VMThread [stack: 0x015f0000,0x01640000] [id=4052] 0x0179c800 WatcherThread [stack: 0x0b950000,0x0b9a0000] [id=3340] VM state:not at safepoint (normal execution) VM Mutex/Monitor currently owned by a thread: None Heap def new generation total 960K, used 816K [0x037c0000, 0x038c0000, 0x03ca0000) eden space 896K, 91% used [0x037c0000, 0x0388c2c0, 0x038a0000) from space 64K, 0% used [0x038a0000, 0x038a0000, 0x038b0000) to space 64K, 0% used [0x038b0000, 0x038b0000, 0x038c0000) tenured generation total 4096K, used 0K [0x03ca0000, 0x040a0000, 0x077c0000) the space 4096K, 0% used [0x03ca0000, 0x03ca0000, 0x03ca0200, 0x040a0000) compacting perm gen total 12288K, used 2143K [0x077c0000, 0x083c0000, 0x0b7c0000) the space 12288K, 17% used [0x077c0000, 0x079d7e38, 0x079d8000, 0x083c0000) No shared spaces configured. Dynamic libraries: 0x00400000 - 0x00424000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\javaw.exe 0x77550000 - 0x7768e000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll 0x75a80000 - 0x75b54000 C:\Windows\system32\kernel32.dll 0x758d0000 - 0x7591b000 C:\Windows\system32\KERNELBASE.dll 0x759e0000 - 0x75a80000 C:\Windows\system32\ADVAPI32.dll 0x76070000 - 0x7611c000 C:\Windows\system32\msvcrt.dll 0x77250000 - 0x77269000 C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\sechost.dll 0x771a0000 - 0x77241000 C:\Windows\system32\RPCRT4.dll 0x76eb0000 - 0x76f79000 C:\Windows\system32\USER32.dll 0x76e60000 - 0x76eae000 C:\Windows\system32\GDI32.dll 0x77770000 - 0x7777a000 C:\Windows\system32\LPK.dll 0x75fd0000 - 0x7606e000 C:\Windows\system32\USP10.dll 0x770b0000 - 0x770cf000 C:\Windows\system32\IMM32.DLL 0x770d0000 - 0x7719c000 C:\Windows\system32\MSCTF.dll 0x7c340000 - 0x7c396000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\msvcr71.dll 0x6d800000 - 0x6da8b000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client\jvm.dll 0x73a00000 - 0x73a32000 C:\Windows\system32\WINMM.dll 0x75610000 - 0x7565b000 C:\Windows\system32\apphelp.dll 0x6d7b0000 - 0x6d7bc000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\verify.dll 0x6d330000 - 0x6d34f000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\java.dll 0x6d290000 - 0x6d298000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\hpi.dll 0x776e0000 - 0x776e5000 C:\Windows\system32\PSAPI.DLL 0x6d7f0000 - 0x6d7ff000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\zip.dll 0x10000000 - 0x1004c000 C:\Users\theo\Desktop\workspace\JavaFX1\lib\natives\windows\lwjgl.dll 0x5d170000 - 0x5d238000 C:\Windows\system32\OPENGL32.dll 0x6e7b0000 - 0x6e7d2000 C:\Windows\system32\GLU32.dll 0x70620000 - 0x70707000 C:\Windows\system32\DDRAW.dll 0x70610000 - 0x70616000 C:\Windows\system32\DCIMAN32.dll 0x75b60000 - 0x75cfd000 C:\Windows\system32\SETUPAPI.dll 0x759b0000 - 0x759d7000 C:\Windows\system32\CFGMGR32.dll 0x76d70000 - 0x76dff000 C:\Windows\system32\OLEAUT32.dll 0x75db0000 - 0x75f0c000 C:\Windows\system32\ole32.dll 0x758b0000 - 0x758c2000 C:\Windows\system32\DEVOBJ.dll 0x74060000 - 0x74073000 C:\Windows\system32\dwmapi.dll 0x74b60000 - 0x74b69000 C:\Windows\system32\VERSION.dll 0x745f0000 - 0x7478e000 C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.7600.16661_none_420fe3fa2b8113bd\COMCTL32.dll 0x75d50000 - 0x75da7000 C:\Windows\system32\SHLWAPI.dll 0x74370000 - 0x743b0000 C:\Windows\system32\uxtheme.dll 0x22200000 - 0x22206000 C:\Program Files\ESET\ESET Smart Security\eplgHooks.dll VM Arguments: jvm_args: -Djava.library.path=C:\Users\theo\Desktop\workspace\JavaFX1\lib\natives\windows -Dfile.encoding=Cp1253 java_command: zarkopafilis.koding.io.javafx.Main Launcher Type: SUN_STANDARD Environment Variables: PATH=C:/Program Files/Java/jre6/bin/client;C:/Program Files/Java/jre6/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jre6/lib/i386;C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\Ruby200\bin;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\Windows Live\Shared;C:\Users\theo\Desktop\eclipse; USERNAME=theo OS=Windows_NT PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=x86 Family 6 Model 37 Stepping 5, GenuineIntel --------------- S Y S T E M --------------- OS: Windows 7 Build 7600 CPU:total 4 (8 cores per cpu, 2 threads per core) family 6 model 37 stepping 5, cmov, cx8, fxsr, mmx, sse, sse2, sse3, ssse3, sse4.1, sse4.2, ht Memory: 4k page, physical 2097151k(1257972k free), swap 4194303k(4194303k free) vm_info: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (14.2-b01) for windows-x86 JRE (1.6.0_16-b01), built on Jul 31 2009 11:26:58 by "java_re" with MS VC++ 7.1 time: Wed Oct 23 22:00:12 2013 elapsed time: 0 seconds Code: Display.setDisplayMode(new DisplayMode(800,600)); Display.create();//Error here I am using JDK 6

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• How to stop OpenGL from applying blending to certain content? (cocos2d/iPhone/OpenGL)

  - by RexOnRoids

  Supporting Info: I use cocos2d to draw a sprite (graph background) on the screen (z:-1). I then use cocos2d to draw lines/points (z:0) on top of the background -- and make some calls to OpenGL blending functions before the drawing to SMOOTH out the lines. Problem: The problem is that: aside from producing smooth lines/points, calling these OpenGL blending functions seems to degrade the underlying sprite (graph background). So there is a tradeoff: I can either have (Case 1) a nice background and choppy lines/points, or I can have (Case 2) nice smooth lines/points and a degraded background. But obviously I need both. The Code: I have included code of the draw() method of the CCLayer for both cases explained above. As you can see, the code producing the difference between Case 1 and Case 2 seems to be 1 or 2 lines involving OpenGL Blending. Case 1 -- MainScene.h (CCLayer): -(void)draw{ int lastPointX = 0; int lastPointY = 0; GLfloat colorMAX = 255.0f; GLfloat valR; GLfloat valG; GLfloat valB; if([self.myGraphManager ready]){ valR = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; valG = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; valB = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; NSEnumerator *enumerator = [[self.myGraphManager.currentCanvas graphPoints] objectEnumerator]; GraphPoint* object; while ((object = [enumerator nextObject])) { if(object.filled){ /*Commenting out the following two lines induces a problem of making it impossible to have smooth lines/points, but has merit in that it does not degrade the background sprite.*/ //glEnable (GL_BLEND); //glBlendFunc (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE); glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); glLineWidth(1.5f); glColor4f(valR, valG, valB, 1.0); ccDrawLine(ccp(lastPointX, lastPointY), ccp(object.position.x, object.position.y)); lastPointX = object.position.x; lastPointY = object.position.y; glPointSize(3.0f); glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); glHint(GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); ccDrawPoint(ccp(lastPointX, lastPointY)); } } } } Case 2 -- MainScene.h (CCLayer): -(void)draw{ int lastPointX = 0; int lastPointY = 0; GLfloat colorMAX = 255.0f; GLfloat valR; GLfloat valG; GLfloat valB; if([self.myGraphManager ready]){ valR = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; valG = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; valB = (255.0f/colorMAX)*1.0f; NSEnumerator *enumerator = [[self.myGraphManager.currentCanvas graphPoints] objectEnumerator]; GraphPoint* object; while ((object = [enumerator nextObject])) { if(object.filled){ /*Enabling the following two lines gives nice smooth lines/points, but has a problem in that it degrades the background sprite.*/ glEnable (GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glHint (GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE); glEnable (GL_LINE_SMOOTH); glLineWidth(1.5f); glColor4f(valR, valG, valB, 1.0); ccDrawLine(ccp(lastPointX, lastPointY), ccp(object.position.x, object.position.y)); lastPointX = object.position.x; lastPointY = object.position.y; glPointSize(3.0f); glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); glHint(GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); ccDrawPoint(ccp(lastPointX, lastPointY)); } } } }

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• Cocos2d v2.0 and OpenGL 2.0/1.0: where to start

  - by mm24

  I started developing my very first game 3 months ago using Cocos2d 2.0 for iPhone. I am now in the stage where I'd like to add some cool effects to the bullets and some special weapons (see my waveforms question here). I got a good answer in the cocos2d-iphone forum (see this one). Unfortunately I am a bit paralized now. I don't know if I will be overdoing by learning OpengGL 2.0 or if I should just stick ot the old 1.0. There is a good intro on various tutorial's written in Steffen Itterheims blog (see this post). I would like to add to my game: a blur effect to the bullets (here is a tutorial for OpenGL 1.0) a waveform (see above) some realistic water ripples (here is a nice sample code) So now, given that I don't want to overdo things but at the same time I want to achieve those effects, from where should I start? Should I discard the OpenGL 1.0 tutorials? OR should I use only OpenGL 1.0 code? How can I avoid confusion? I mean, it seems that the compiler recognizes both, but that there are some conflictual calls in some circumnstances, I am fairly sure this has some explanation, is there some reference to this somewhere?

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• opengl 3d point cloud render from x,y,z 2d array with texture

  - by user1733628

  Need some direction on 3d point cloud display using openGl in c++ (vs2008). I am brand new to openGl and trying to do a 3d point cloud display with a texture. I have 3 2D arrays (each same size 1024x512) representing x,y,z of each point. I think I am on the right track with glBegin(GL_POLYGON); for(int i=0; i<1024; i++) { for(int j=0; j<512; j++) { glVertex3f(x[i][j], y[i][j], z[i][j]); } } glEnd(); Now this loads all the vertices in the buffer (i think) but from here I am not sure how to proceed. Or I am completely wrong here. Then I have another 2D array (same size) that contains color data (values from 0-255) that I want to use as texture on the 3D point cloud and display. I understand that this maybe a very basic opengl implementation for some but for me this is a huge learning curve. So any pointers, nudge or kick in the right direction will be appreciated.

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• Sprite batching in OpenGL

  - by Roy T.

  I've got a JAVA based game with an OpenGL rendering front that is drawing a large amount of sprites every frame (during testing it peaked at 700). Now this game is completely unoptimized. There is no spatial partitioning (so a sprite is drawn even if it isn't on screen) and every sprite is drawn separately like this: graphics.glPushMatrix(); { graphics.glTranslated(x, y, 0.0); graphics.glRotated(degrees, 0, 0, 1); graphics.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); graphics.glTexCoord2f (1.0f, 0.0f); graphics.glVertex2d(half_size , half_size); // upper right // same for upper left, lower left, lower right graphics.glEnd(); } graphics.glPopMatrix(); Currently the game is running at +-25FPS and is CPU bound. I would like to improve performance by adding spatial partitioning (which I know how to do) and sprite batching. Not drawing sprites that aren't on screen will help a lot, however since players can zoom out it won't help enough, hence the need for batching. However sprite batching in OpenGL is a bit of mystery to me. I usually work with XNA where a few classes to do this are built in. But in OpenGL I don't know what to do. As for further optimization, the game I'm working on as a few interesting characteristics. A lot of sprites have the same texture and all the sprites are square. Maybe these characteristics will help determine an efficient batching technique?

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• Saving and restoring OpenGL model-view

  - by Tom

  I am a new-comer to OpenGL, and much of it remains mysterious to my feeble brain. I have been studying the NeHe demos as well as the Red Book. I am writing an Android application that displays the Earth in the center of the screen. The user can rotate the Earth about any axis (much like a very simple "Google Earth"). This code is working (I based it on the NeHe examples). Now I want to add a feature; the user should be able to save the current model orientation, then later return to that same orientation. For example, the user may save the Earth orientation such that the viewer is looking down at her hometown, and north-east is "up". How do I do this with OpenGL-ES? To capture and save the current orientation, my code could get the current model-view transformation matrix - I think I understand how to do that. But later on how do I apply that saved matrix to restore the view?

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• Modern OpenGL context failure [migrated]

  - by user209347

  OK, I managed to create an OpenGL context with wglcreatecontextattribARB with version 3.2 in my attrib struct (So I have initialized a 3.2 opengl context). It works, but the strange thing is, when I use glBindBuffer e,g. I still get unreferenced linker error, shouldn't a newer context prevent this? I'm on windows BTW, Linux doesn't have to deal with older and newer contexts (it directly supports the core of its version). The code: PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd; HGLRC tmpRC; int iFormat; if (!(hDC = GetDC(hWnd))) { CMsgBox("Unable to create a device context. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } ZeroMemory(&pfd, sizeof(pfd)); pfd.nSize = sizeof(pfd); pfd.nVersion = 1; pfd.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER; pfd.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA; pfd.cColorBits = attribs->colorbits; pfd.cDepthBits = attribs->depthbits; pfd.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE; if (!(iFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd))) { CMsgBox("Unable to find a suitable pixel format. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } if (!SetPixelFormat(hDC, iFormat, &pfd)) { CMsgBox("Unable to initialize the pixel formats. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } if (!(tmpRC=wglCreateContext(hDC))) { CMsgBox("Unable to create a rendering context. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } if (!wglMakeCurrent(hDC, tmpRC)) { CMsgBox("Unable to activate the rendering context. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } strncpy(vers, (char*)glGetString(GL_VERSION), 3); vers[3] = '\0'; if (sscanf(vers, "%i.%i", &glv, &glsubv) != 2) { CMsgBox("Unable to retrieve the OpenGL version. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } hRC = NULL; if (glv > 2) // Have OpenGL 3.+ support { if ((wglCreateContextAttribsARB = (PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress("wglCreateContextAttribsARB"))) { int attribs[] = {WGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB, glv, WGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB, glsubv,WGL_CONTEXT_FLAGS_ARB, 0,0}; hRC = wglCreateContextAttribsARB(hDC, 0, attribs); wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL); wglDeleteContext(tmpRC); if (!wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC)) { CMsgBox("Unable to activate the rendering context. Program will now close.", "Error"); return false; } moderncontext = true; } } if (hRC == NULL) { hRC = tmpRC; moderncontext = false; }

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• Android OpenGL ES 2 framebuffer not working properly

  - by user16547

  I'm trying to understand how framebuffers work. In order to achieve that, I want to draw a very basic triangle to a framebuffer texture and then draw the resulting texture to a quad on the default framebuffer. However, I only get a fraction of the triangle like below. LE: The triangle's coordinates should be (1) -0.5f, -0.5f, 0 (2) 0.5f, -0.5f, 0 (3) 0, 0.5f, 0 Here's the code to render: @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { renderNormalStuff(); renderFramebufferTexture(); } protected void renderNormalStuff() { GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, texWidth, texHeight); GLUtils.updateProjectionMatrix(mProjectionMatrix, texWidth, texHeight); GLES20.glBindFramebuffer(GLES20.GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo[0]); GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); GLES20.glClearColor(.5f, .5f, .5f, 1); GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(u_MVPMatrix, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 3, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 12, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(a_Color, 4, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 16, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo[0]); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, indexBuffer.capacity(), GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); GLES20.glBindBuffer(GLES20.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); GLES20.glUseProgram(0); } private void renderFramebufferTexture() { GLES20.glBindFramebuffer(GLES20.GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); GLES20.glUseProgram(fboProgram); GLES20.glClearColor(.0f, .5f, .25f, 1); GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); GLUtils.updateProjectionMatrix(mProjectionMatrix, width, height); Matrix.setIdentityM(mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0, mModelMatrix, 0); Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(fbo_u_MVPMatrix, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0); //draw the texture GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); GLES20.glUniform1i(fbo_u_Texture, 0); GLUtils.sendBufferData(fbo_a_Position, 3, quadPositionBuffer); GLUtils.sendBufferData(fbo_a_TexCoordinate, 2, quadTexCoordinate); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, quadIndexBuffer.capacity(), GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, quadIndexBuffer); GLES20.glUseProgram(0); }

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• OpenGL ES Shader help (Blending)

  - by Chris

  Earlier I required assistance getting to grips with how to retain the alpha channel of a transparent texture in my colourised texture shader program. Whilst playing with that first version of my program (before obtaining the solution to my first requirement), I managed to enable transparency for the whole texture (effectively blending via GLSL), and I quite liked this, and I would now like to know if and how it is possible to retain this blending effect, on top of the existing output without affecting the original alpha channel - as I don't know how to input this transparency via the parameter that is already being provided with the textures alpha channel. A basic example of the blending program I am referring to (minus any other functionality) is as follows... varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,0.5); } Where 0.5 is the transparency (blending effect) of the whole texture. This is the current version of my program, which provides the ability to colour a texture according the colour parameter passed to the program, and retains the alpha channel of the original texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; uniform vec3 colour; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(colour,1) * vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).w); } I need to know if it is possible to apply transparency on top this program, without affecting the original alpha channel which I have already preserved. I hope this makes enough sense, I am sure it is possible, and if so I should imagine it is rather simple, but this has me stumped. Any help much appreachiated. Cheers, Chris

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• playonlinux is unable to find 32bits / 64bits OpenGL library

  - by footy

  When I open a fresh instalation of playonlinux, it gives 2 dialog box as mentioned in title: playonlinux is unable to find 32bits OpenGL library playonlinux is unable to find 64bits OpenGL library I am using Ubuntu 12.04 (and new to it) and would like to know how to solve this problem EDIT TERMINAL OUTPUT ~$ playonlinux [main] Message: PlayOnLinux (4.1.8) is starting [clean_tmp] Message: Cleaning temp directory Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". [Check_OpenGL] Warning: Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". Xlib: extension "GLX" missing on display ":0". [Check_OpenGL] Warning: [main] Message: Filesystem is compatible [install_plugins] Message: Checking plugin: Capture... [maj_check] Message: Web version : 1349866727 [maj_check] Message: Current local version : 1349563245 [maj_check] Message: Updating list [install_plugins] Message: Checking plugin: ScreenCap... [install_plugins] Message: Checking plugin: PlayOnLinux Vault... /usr/share/playonlinux/bash/startup_after_server: line 38: [: : integer expression expected /usr/share/playonlinux/bash/startup_after_server: line 38: [: : integer expression expected [POL_Config_Write] Message: Config write: LAST_TIMESTAMP 1349866727

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• OpenGL ES Basic Fragment Shader help with transparency

  - by Chris

  I have just spent my first half hour playing with the shader language. I have modified the basic program I have which renders the texture, to allow me to colour the texture. varying vec2 texCoord; uniform sampler2D texSampler; /* Given the texture coordinates, our pixel shader grabs the corresponding * color from the texture. */ void main() { //gl_FragColor = texture2D(texSampler, texCoord); gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).xyz,1); } I have noticed how this affects my transparent textures, and I believe I am loosing the alpha channel which would explain why previously transparent area's appear totally black. If I use the following line instead, I am shown the transparent area's gl_FragColor = vec4(0,1,0,1)*vec4(texture2D(texSampler,texCoord).aaa,1); How can I retain the transparency after this modification to the colour? I have seen various things about a .w property, and also luminous, but my tweaks with those and the .aaa property are not working XD

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• Resources for 2D rendering using OpenGL?

  - by nightcracker

  I noticed that there is quite some difference between 3D and 2D rendering using OpenGL, the techniques are different - pixel-perfect placing is a lot more desirable, among other things. Are there any good (complete) references on using OpenGL for rendering 2D graphics? There are quite a few "tutorials" around on the net that help you open a window, set up a half-decent environment and draw a sprite, but no real good information on rotation, blending, lightning, drawing order, using the z-buffer, particles, "complex" primitives (circles, stars, cross symbols), ensuring pixel-perfect rendering, instancing and many other staple 2D effects/techniques. Any books, great blogs, anything? Any particular awesome libraries to read?

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• OpenGL Learning Material (that's up to date)

  - by Sauron

  So im sure there are topics on this, but alot of them list older material. And the last book: http://www.amazon.com/OpenGL-SuperBible-Comprehensive-Tutorial-Reference/dp/0321712617/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1346116133&sr=8-1&keywords=opengl REALLY REALLY disappointed me. I DO NOT want to use someone else's library to learn this stuff, that bothers me SOOO much. So I was hoping there was a newer book that goes into detail, and doesn't use some sort of library "Hiding" everything from you. Or should I just look at older material? If so....anything thats not "too" out of date. Terrain tutorials are a plus (that's kinda my "goal"). Thanks

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• A good way to build a game loop in OpenGL

  - by Jeff

  I'm currently beginning to learn OpenGL at school, and I've started making a simple game the other day (on my own, not for school). I'm using freeglut, and am building it in C, so for my game loop I had really just been using a function I made passed to glutIdleFunc to update all the drawing and physics in one pass. This was fine for simple animations that I didn't care too much about the frame rate, but since the game is mostly physics based, I really want to (need to) tie down how fast it's updating. So my first attempt was to have my function I pass to glutIdleFunc (myIdle()) to keep track of how much time has passed since the previous call to it, and update the physics (and currently graphics) every so many milliseconds. I used timeGetTime() to do this (by using <windows.h>). And this got me to thinking, is using the idle function really a good way of going about the game loop? My question is, what is a better way to implement the game loop in OpenGL? Should I avoid using the idle function?

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• Where to start learning OpenGL with C++?

  - by NERDcustard

  I'm 16 years old and my name is Norbert. I have learnt C++ and made some cool text based games and such but I would love to start graphic's programming. I'm a decent artiest (I will have some of my work bellow) I know the base of C++ but I really would like to get into OpenGL. I need someone to show me some good tutorials for OpenGl with C++ so I can really get into game dev. My goal is to be able to program a simple 2d game by the end of the year and I have lots of time to do so. I'm en-rolled in a game dev next year and really need some help with starting off. http://imgur.com/QZjKX http://imgur.com/3CZy7

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• SDL2 with OpenGL -- weird results, what's wrong?

  - by ber4444

  I'm porting an app to iOS, and therefore need to upgrade it to SDL2 from SDL1.2 (so far I'm testing it as an on OS X desktop app only). However, when running the code with SDL2, I'm getting weird results as shown on the second image below (the first image is how it looks with SDL, correctly). The single changeset that causes this is this one, do you see something obviously wrong there, or does SDL2 have some OpenGL nuances I'm unaware of? My SDL is based on changeset dd7e57847ea9 from HG (since then there is one "Allow specifying of OpenGL 3.2 Core Profile on Mac OS X" commit, not sure if that would help).

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• OpenGL ES 2 on Android: native window

  - by ThreaderSlash

  According to OGLES specification, we have the following definition: EGLSurface eglCreateWindowSurface(EGLDisplay display, EGLConfig config, NativeWindowType native_window, EGLint const * attrib_list) More details, here: http://www.khronos.org/opengles/documentation/opengles1_0/html/eglCreateWindowSurface.html And also by definition: int32_t ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(ANativeWindow* window, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t format); More details, here: http://mobilepearls.com/labs/native-android-api I am running Android Native App on OGLES 2 and debugging it in a Samsung Nexus device. For setting up the 3D scene graph environment, the following variables are defined: struct android_app { ... ANativeWindow* window; }; android_app* mApplication; ... mApplication=&pApplication; And to initialize the App, we run the commands in the code: ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(mApplication->window, 0, 0, lFormat); mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay, lConfig, mApplication->window, NULL); Funny to say is that, the command ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry behaves as expected and works fine according to its definition, accepting all the parameters sent to it. But the eglCreateWindowSurface does no accept the parameter mApplication-window, as it should accept according to its definition. Instead, it looks for the following input: EGLNativeWindowType hWnd; mSurface = eglCreateWindowSurface(mDisplay,lConfig,hWnd,NULL); As an alternative, I considered to use instead: NativeWindowType hWnd=android_createDisplaySurface(); But debugger says: Function 'android_createDisplaySurface' could not be resolved Is 'android_createDisplaySurface' compatible only for OGLES 1 and not for OGLES 2? Can someone tell if there is a way to convert mApplication-window? In a way that the data from the android_app get accepted to the window surface?

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• Android, OpenGL and extending GLSurfaceView?

  - by Spoon Thumb

  This question is part-technical, part-meta, part-subjective and very specific: I'm an indie game dev working on android, and for the past 6 months I've struggled and finally succeeded in making my own 3D game app for android. So I thought I'd hop on SO and help out others struggling with android and openGL-ES However, the vast majority of questions relate to extending GLSurfaceView. I made my whole app without extending GLSurfaceView (and it runs fine). I can't see any reason at all to extend GLSurfaceView for the majority of questions I come across. Worse, the android documentation implies that you ought to, but gives no detailed explaination of why or what the pros/cons are vs not extending and doing everything through implementing your own GLSurfaceView.Renderer as I did Still, the sheer volume of questions where the problem is purely to do with extending GLSurfaceView is making me wonder whether actually there is some really good reason for doing it that way vs the way I've been doing it (and suggesting in my answers to others to do). So, is there something I'm missing? Should I stop answering questions in the meantime? Android openGL documentation

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• What functionality should I use in OpenGL 2.0?

  - by Jeffrey

  Considering OpenGL 2.1, we all know that glBegin and glEnd are the devil. Should I use only VBO to render 3d primitives (I can't find VAO in that version, weren't there already?)? Should I still use the matrix stack (why not?)? Should I still use glFrustum? Can I take advantage of shaders in GLSL 1.20? Where can I find a tutorial for VBO in OpenGL 2.1 and the "correct" way of programming in it? Also how am I supposed to animate something. Like a cube moving around an object or a player moving in the scene (static vbo data + shader?)? Note: Take your time to answer this question, I'll accept an answer tomorrow.

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• Object-Oriented OpenGL

  - by Sullivan

  I have been using OpenGL for a while and have read a large number of tutorials. Aside from the fact that a lot of them still use the fixed pipeline, they usually throw all the initialisation, state changes and drawing in one source file. This is fine for the limited scope of a tutorial, but I’m having a hard time working out how to scale it up to a full game. How do you split your usage of OpenGL across files? Conceptually, I can see the benefits of having, say, a rendering class that purely renders stuff to screen, but how would stuff like shaders and lights work? Should I have separate classes for things like lights and shaders?

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