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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: ConcurrentBag and BlockingCollection

    - by James Michael Hare
    In the first week of concurrent collections, began with a general introduction and discussed the ConcurrentStack<T> and ConcurrentQueue<T>.  The last post discussed the ConcurrentDictionary<T> .  Finally this week, we shall close with a discussion of the ConcurrentBag<T> and BlockingCollection<T>. For more of the "Little Wonders" posts, see C#/.NET Little Wonders: A Redux. Recap As you'll recall from the previous posts, the original collections were object-based containers that accomplished synchronization through a Synchronized member.  With the advent of .NET 2.0, the original collections were succeeded by the generic collections which are fully type-safe, but eschew automatic synchronization.  With .NET 4.0, a new breed of collections was born in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace.  Of these, the final concurrent collection we will examine is the ConcurrentBag and a very useful wrapper class called the BlockingCollection. For some excellent information on the performance of the concurrent collections and how they perform compared to a traditional brute-force locking strategy, see this informative whitepaper by the Microsoft Parallel Computing Platform team here. ConcurrentBag<T> – Thread-safe unordered collection. Unlike the other concurrent collections, the ConcurrentBag<T> has no non-concurrent counterpart in the .NET collections libraries.  Items can be added and removed from a bag just like any other collection, but unlike the other collections, the items are not maintained in any order.  This makes the bag handy for those cases when all you care about is that the data be consumed eventually, without regard for order of consumption or even fairness – that is, it’s possible new items could be consumed before older items given the right circumstances for a period of time. So why would you ever want a container that can be unfair?  Well, to look at it another way, you can use a ConcurrentQueue and get the fairness, but it comes at a cost in that the ordering rules and synchronization required to maintain that ordering can affect scalability a bit.  Thus sometimes the bag is great when you want the fastest way to get the next item to process, and don’t care what item it is or how long its been waiting. The way that the ConcurrentBag works is to take advantage of the new ThreadLocal<T> type (new in System.Threading for .NET 4.0) so that each thread using the bag has a list local to just that thread.  This means that adding or removing to a thread-local list requires very low synchronization.  The problem comes in where a thread goes to consume an item but it’s local list is empty.  In this case the bag performs “work-stealing” where it will rob an item from another thread that has items in its list.  This requires a higher level of synchronization which adds a bit of overhead to the take operation. So, as you can imagine, this makes the ConcurrentBag good for situations where each thread both produces and consumes items from the bag, but it would be less-than-idea in situations where some threads are dedicated producers and the other threads are dedicated consumers because the work-stealing synchronization would outweigh the thread-local optimization for a thread taking its own items. Like the other concurrent collections, there are some curiosities to keep in mind: IsEmpty(), Count, ToArray(), and GetEnumerator() lock collection Each of these needs to take a snapshot of whole bag to determine if empty, thus they tend to be more expensive and cause Add() and Take() operations to block. ToArray() and GetEnumerator() are static snapshots Because it is based on a snapshot, will not show subsequent updates after snapshot. Add() is lightweight Since adding to the thread-local list, there is very little overhead on Add. TryTake() is lightweight if items in thread-local list As long as items are in the thread-local list, TryTake() is very lightweight, much more so than ConcurrentStack() and ConcurrentQueue(), however if the local thread list is empty, it must steal work from another thread, which is more expensive. Remember, a bag is not ideal for all situations, it is mainly ideal for situations where a process consumes an item and either decomposes it into more items to be processed, or handles the item partially and places it back to be processed again until some point when it will complete.  The main point is that the bag works best when each thread both takes and adds items. For example, we could create a totally contrived example where perhaps we want to see the largest power of a number before it crosses a certain threshold.  Yes, obviously we could easily do this with a log function, but bare with me while I use this contrived example for simplicity. So let’s say we have a work function that will take a Tuple out of a bag, this Tuple will contain two ints.  The first int is the original number, and the second int is the last multiple of that number.  So we could load our bag with the initial values (let’s say we want to know the last multiple of each of 2, 3, 5, and 7 under 100. 1: var bag = new ConcurrentBag<Tuple<int, int>> 2: { 3: Tuple.Create(2, 1), 4: Tuple.Create(3, 1), 5: Tuple.Create(5, 1), 6: Tuple.Create(7, 1) 7: }; Then we can create a method that given the bag, will take out an item, apply the multiplier again, 1: public static void FindHighestPowerUnder(ConcurrentBag<Tuple<int,int>> bag, int threshold) 2: { 3: Tuple<int,int> pair; 4:  5: // while there are items to take, this will prefer local first, then steal if no local 6: while (bag.TryTake(out pair)) 7: { 8: // look at next power 9: var result = Math.Pow(pair.Item1, pair.Item2 + 1); 10:  11: if (result < threshold) 12: { 13: // if smaller than threshold bump power by 1 14: bag.Add(Tuple.Create(pair.Item1, pair.Item2 + 1)); 15: } 16: else 17: { 18: // otherwise, we're done 19: Console.WriteLine("Highest power of {0} under {3} is {0}^{1} = {2}.", 20: pair.Item1, pair.Item2, Math.Pow(pair.Item1, pair.Item2), threshold); 21: } 22: } 23: } Now that we have this, we can load up this method as an Action into our Tasks and run it: 1: // create array of tasks, start all, wait for all 2: var tasks = new[] 3: { 4: new Task(() => FindHighestPowerUnder(bag, 100)), 5: new Task(() => FindHighestPowerUnder(bag, 100)), 6: }; 7:  8: Array.ForEach(tasks, t => t.Start()); 9:  10: Task.WaitAll(tasks); Totally contrived, I know, but keep in mind the main point!  When you have a thread or task that operates on an item, and then puts it back for further consumption – or decomposes an item into further sub-items to be processed – you should consider a ConcurrentBag as the thread-local lists will allow for quick processing.  However, if you need ordering or if your processes are dedicated producers or consumers, this collection is not ideal.  As with anything, you should performance test as your mileage will vary depending on your situation! BlockingCollection<T> – A producers & consumers pattern collection The BlockingCollection<T> can be treated like a collection in its own right, but in reality it adds a producers and consumers paradigm to any collection that implements the interface IProducerConsumerCollection<T>.  If you don’t specify one at the time of construction, it will use a ConcurrentQueue<T> as its underlying store. If you don’t want to use the ConcurrentQueue, the ConcurrentStack and ConcurrentBag also implement the interface (though ConcurrentDictionary does not).  In addition, you are of course free to create your own implementation of the interface. So, for those who don’t remember the producers and consumers classical computer-science problem, the gist of it is that you have one (or more) processes that are creating items (producers) and one (or more) processes that are consuming these items (consumers).  Now, the crux of the problem is that there is a bin (queue) where the produced items are placed, and typically that bin has a limited size.  Thus if a producer creates an item, but there is no space to store it, it must wait until an item is consumed.  Also if a consumer goes to consume an item and none exists, it must wait until an item is produced. The BlockingCollection makes it trivial to implement any standard producers/consumers process set by providing that “bin” where the items can be produced into and consumed from with the appropriate blocking operations.  In addition, you can specify whether the bin should have a limited size or can be (theoretically) unbounded, and you can specify timeouts on the blocking operations. As far as your choice of “bin”, for the most part the ConcurrentQueue is the right choice because it is fairly light and maximizes fairness by ordering items so that they are consumed in the same order they are produced.  You can use the concurrent bag or stack, of course, but your ordering would be random-ish in the case of the former and LIFO in the case of the latter. So let’s look at some of the methods of note in BlockingCollection: BoundedCapacity returns capacity of the “bin” If the bin is unbounded, the capacity is int.MaxValue. Count returns an internally-kept count of items This makes it O(1), but if you modify underlying collection directly (not recommended) it is unreliable. CompleteAdding() is used to cut off further adds. This sets IsAddingCompleted and begins to wind down consumers once empty. IsAddingCompleted is true when producers are “done”. Once you are done producing, should complete the add process to alert consumers. IsCompleted is true when producers are “done” and “bin” is empty. Once you mark the producers done, and all items removed, this will be true. Add() is a blocking add to collection. If bin is full, will wait till space frees up Take() is a blocking remove from collection. If bin is empty, will wait until item is produced or adding is completed. GetConsumingEnumerable() is used to iterate and consume items. Unlike the standard enumerator, this one consumes the items instead of iteration. TryAdd() attempts add but does not block completely If adding would block, returns false instead, can specify TimeSpan to wait before stopping. TryTake() attempts to take but does not block completely Like TryAdd(), if taking would block, returns false instead, can specify TimeSpan to wait. Note the use of CompleteAdding() to signal the BlockingCollection that nothing else should be added.  This means that any attempts to TryAdd() or Add() after marked completed will throw an InvalidOperationException.  In addition, once adding is complete you can still continue to TryTake() and Take() until the bin is empty, and then Take() will throw the InvalidOperationException and TryTake() will return false. So let’s create a simple program to try this out.  Let’s say that you have one process that will be producing items, but a slower consumer process that handles them.  This gives us a chance to peek inside what happens when the bin is bounded (by default, the bin is NOT bounded). 1: var bin = new BlockingCollection<int>(5); Now, we create a method to produce items: 1: public static void ProduceItems(BlockingCollection<int> bin, int numToProduce) 2: { 3: for (int i = 0; i < numToProduce; i++) 4: { 5: // try for 10 ms to add an item 6: while (!bin.TryAdd(i, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10))) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("Bin is full, retrying..."); 9: } 10: } 11:  12: // once done producing, call CompleteAdding() 13: Console.WriteLine("Adding is completed."); 14: bin.CompleteAdding(); 15: } And one to consume them: 1: public static void ConsumeItems(BlockingCollection<int> bin) 2: { 3: // This will only be true if CompleteAdding() was called AND the bin is empty. 4: while (!bin.IsCompleted) 5: { 6: int item; 7:  8: if (!bin.TryTake(out item, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10))) 9: { 10: Console.WriteLine("Bin is empty, retrying..."); 11: } 12: else 13: { 14: Console.WriteLine("Consuming item {0}.", item); 15: Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20)); 16: } 17: } 18: } Then we can fire them off: 1: // create one producer and two consumers 2: var tasks = new[] 3: { 4: new Task(() => ProduceItems(bin, 20)), 5: new Task(() => ConsumeItems(bin)), 6: new Task(() => ConsumeItems(bin)), 7: }; 8:  9: Array.ForEach(tasks, t => t.Start()); 10:  11: Task.WaitAll(tasks); Notice that the producer is faster than the consumer, thus it should be hitting a full bin often and displaying the message after it times out on TryAdd(). 1: Consuming item 0. 2: Consuming item 1. 3: Bin is full, retrying... 4: Bin is full, retrying... 5: Consuming item 3. 6: Consuming item 2. 7: Bin is full, retrying... 8: Consuming item 4. 9: Consuming item 5. 10: Bin is full, retrying... 11: Consuming item 6. 12: Consuming item 7. 13: Bin is full, retrying... 14: Consuming item 8. 15: Consuming item 9. 16: Bin is full, retrying... 17: Consuming item 10. 18: Consuming item 11. 19: Bin is full, retrying... 20: Consuming item 12. 21: Consuming item 13. 22: Bin is full, retrying... 23: Bin is full, retrying... 24: Consuming item 14. 25: Adding is completed. 26: Consuming item 15. 27: Consuming item 16. 28: Consuming item 17. 29: Consuming item 19. 30: Consuming item 18. Also notice that once CompleteAdding() is called and the bin is empty, the IsCompleted property returns true, and the consumers will exit. Summary The ConcurrentBag is an interesting collection that can be used to optimize concurrency scenarios where tasks or threads both produce and consume items.  In this way, it will choose to consume its own work if available, and then steal if not.  However, in situations where you want fair consumption or ordering, or in situations where the producers and consumers are distinct processes, the bag is not optimal. The BlockingCollection is a great wrapper around all of the concurrent queue, stack, and bag that allows you to add producer and consumer semantics easily including waiting when the bin is full or empty. That’s the end of my dive into the concurrent collections.  I’d also strongly recommend, once again, you read this excellent Microsoft white paper that goes into much greater detail on the efficiencies you can gain using these collections judiciously (here). Tweet Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Concurrent Collections,Little Wonders

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  • what \bin to add to system Path env var from a jdk

    - by raticulin
    If you install the latest java 1.6 jdk, without installing the public jre option, you end up having two \bin dirs with java.exe: %JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin %JAVA_HOME%\bin if you compare those dirs, there are a few files that are identical (java.exe etc), and a bunch that are either in one or the other. So far I used to add %JAVA_HOME%\bin to my Path environment var, but now I am wondering, does it make a difference? Is there any side effect to choose one or the other? And would not be much cleaner if the installation had only one java.exe and \bin folder?

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  • Better logging for cronjob output using /usr/bin/logger

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    I am looking for a better way to log cronjobs. Most cronjobs tend to spam email or the console, get ignored, or create yet another logfile. In this case, I have a Nagios NSCA script which sends data to a central Nagios sever. This send_nsca script also prints a single status line to STDOUT, indicating success or failure. 0 * * * * root /usr/local/nagios/sbin/nsca_check_disk This emails the following message to root@localhost, which is then forwarded to my team of sysadmins. Spam. forwarded nsca_check_disk: 1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully. I'm looking for a log method which: Doesn't spam the messages to email or the console Don't create yet another krufty logfile which requires cleanup months or years later. Capture the log information somewhere, so it can be viewed later if desired. Works on most unixes Fits into an existing log infrastructure. Uses common syslog conventions like 'facility' Some of these are third party scripts, and don't always do logging internally. UPDATE 2010-04-30 In the process of writing this question, I think I have answered myself. So I'll answer myself "Jeopardy-style". Is there any problem with this method? The following will send any Cron output to /usr/bin//logger, which will send to syslog, with a 'tag' of 'nsca_check_disk'. Syslog handles it from there. My systems (CentOS and FreeBSD) already handle log rotation. */5 * * * * root /usr/local/nagios/sbin/nsca_check_disk 2>&1 |/usr/bin/logger -t nsca_check_disk /var/log/messages now has one additional message which says this: Apr 29, 17:40:00 192.168.6.19 nsca_check_disk: 1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully. I like /usr/bin/logger , because it works well with an existing syslog configuration and infrastructure, and is included with most Unix distros. Most *nix distributions already do logrotation, and do it well.

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  • How do you configure recycle bins on roaming profiles?

    - by Zombian
    I copied the following from a post on the Spiceworks forum which remained unanswered: Is there any way to place the Recycle Bin back on the desktop of a Roaming Profile with the Desktop being redirected? I have used Google and can't find a straight forward answer. I am asking for people with experience in this. This is for a Windows XP machine. I saw mention of needing to use a program such as Undelete but I'm hoping that is not the case. Further explanation: I use redirected folders and whenever a user deletes something from their desktop,my documents it doesn't show up in the recycle bin. It doesn't appear in the recycle bin on the server either. Where is this data? I doubt it is permanently deleted. Is there a way to change the recycle bin on the users' desktop to display those files? Thank you!

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  • How to execute with /bin/false shell

    - by Amar
    I am trying to setup per-user fastcgi scripts that will run each on a different port and with a different user. Here is example of my script: #!/bin/bash BIND=127.0.0.1:9001 USER=user PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=2 PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=10000 etc... However, if I add user with /bin/false (which I want, since this is about to be something like shared hosting and I don't want users to have shell access), the script is run under 1001, 1002 'user' which, as my Google searches showed, might be a security hole. My question is: Is it possible to allow user(s) to execute shell scripts but disable them so they cannot log in via SSH?

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  • non-privileged normal user passing environment variables to /bin/login [closed]

    - by AAAAAAAA
    Suppose that in FreeBSD (or linux maybe) there is a non-privileged normal user (non-superuser). And there is a telnet standalone (I know that telnet is usually run under inetd) running under (owned by) this user. (Suppose that there was no original, root-owned telnet running.) This telnet server is programmed so that it does not check ld_* environment variables before passing it to /bin/login owned by root that has setuid set up. The question would be: 1. Will this telnet work? 2. If it does work, will it even be able to pass environment variables to /bin/login?

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  • greengeeks drupal install imagemagik 'path /usr/bin/convert' does not exists error

    - by letapjar
    I just signed up with greengeeks. I have a drupal install (6.19) on my public_html directory. The ImageMagic Toolkit can't find the binary - the error I get is "the path /usr/bin/convert" does not exist. when I use a terminal and do 'which convert' it shows /usr/bin/convert also, I have a second drupal install in an addon domain - it's home directory is above the public_html directory (in a directory called '/home/myusername/addons/seconddomain') The drupal install in the addon domain finds the imagemagick binary just fine. I am at a total loss as to why the original install cannot find the binary. The tech support guys at greengeeks have no clue either. Any ideas of things to try?

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  • Disabling the shell of user "daemon" (/bin/false)

    - by BurninLeo
    on a Linux system there are lot's of users by default: daemon, bin, sys, games, etc. According to my /etc/passwd most of these users have a shell assigned (/bin/sh) which seems some kind of insecure to me. My naive thinking would say: Only give those users a shell that may login to the server. Is my thinking wrong? If not completely wrong: Can I disable the shell for "daemon" and "www-data" without having side effects (e.g. the system wont start or the Apache PHP cannot excute system calls)? Thanks for your hints!

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  • Problem with launching JAGUAR in R

    - by Gerry
    Windows XP, R 2.11.1, Java JRE6 I just installed the Jaguar package. From an R console, I can do this: > library(JGR) Loading required package: rJava Loading required package: JavaGD Loading required package: iplots Please use the corresponding JGR launcher to start JGR. Run JGR() for details. You can also use JGR(update=TRUE) to update JGR. and so JGR appears to be correctly installed. JGR() yields On Windows JGR must be started using the JGR.exe launcher. Please visit http://www.rosuda.org/JGR/ to download it. > I'm not sure how to run Jaguar - I know I have to run jgr.exe - but should R be already open? If so, should the JGR library be already loaded? I've tried all of these, and what seems to happen regardless is a console window opens briefly, then disappears. I've run jrg --debug, with no apparent error message: (same file regardless of choice made above). What should I be doing? Thanks! System: Version 5.1 (build 2600), platform 2 [Service Pack 3] JGR loader version 1.61 (build Jul 23 2008) parseParams> 1 parameters parsed. parseParams par 10> "--debug" > rhome="C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1" > srhome="C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1" getPkgVersion(JGR): 010702 getPkgVersion(rJava): 000805 getPkgVersion(JavaGD): 000503 getPkgVersion(iplots): 010103 Loading preferences from "C:\Documents and Settings\gblais\.JGRprefsrc" > javakey="Software\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.6" > javah="C:\Program Files\Java\jre6" > tp="C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" Got RuntimeLib from registry, using "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;" PATH prefix. Java home: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6" R home: "C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1" JAR files: "-Drjava.class.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri\JRI.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\iplots\java\iplots.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\JGR\java\JGR.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes.jar" desired PATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin;C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1\bin;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri;C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" actual PATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin;C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1\bin;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri;C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" getenv PATH: "C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" argv[0]:C:\PROGRA~1\Java\jre6\bin\java.exe argv[1]:-Drjava.class.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri\JRI.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\iplots\java\iplots.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\JGR\java\JGR.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes.jar argv[2]:-Xmx512m argv[3]:-cp argv[4]:C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\java\boot argv[5]:-Drjava.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava argv[6]:-Dmain.class=org.rosuda.JGR.JGR argv[7]:-Djgr.load.pkgs=yes argv[8]:-Djgr.loader.ver=1.61 argv[9]:RJavaClassLoader argv[10]:--debug

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  • SubWebFolder and mutliple bin folders with Website model?

    - by OutOFTouch
    Hi, I am looking for some advice on how what is the best approach to subweb folders and having mutliple bin folders in the WebSite Project model. For adding new pages at a later stage without recompiling the core files of a website and without building a full fledged Plug-in framework api. I am aware of being able to drop in the compiled dlls into the main bin folder and to just copy over the new page files to a sub folder but I am looking for a more organized file/folder approach. Here is the how it was done with WAP: Moving the Code-Behind Assemblies/DLLs to a different folder than /BIN with ASP.NET 1.1 Multiple /bin folders in ASP.NET I should also mention that I see that I can still do it the old way with the website project model by making the adjustment to the config section mentioned here but I was wondering if that has any side affects. AssemblyBinding in Web Config and XMLNS

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  • set permissions to /bin/su

    - by JiminyCricket
    i need to change my /bin/su permissions back to the default, which is -rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 42436 2009-09-08 04:52 /bin/su right now its -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42436 2009-09-08 04:52 /bin/su how do I add the s in...? ive never seen that before

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  • Unwanted SQLite inserted in \bin

    - by wilk
    I am using Visual Studio 2010 and using web deployment to promote the .Net MVC site to specific environments. I installed Elmah, and it worked great on my DEV environment, but when I pushed TEST, I got exceptions because SQLite was not a good format. I am not using SQLite in Elmah or otherwise that I know of. I have removed all visible refernces to SQLite, and I have removed the .dll from all configuration bin directories. But it still gets inserted with each build. I realize the exception problem is that SQLite cannot be built for CPU Any, and my environments vary from x86 to x64. But I would prefer SQLite to not even be present. I have since uninstalled Elmah, and SQLite is still inserted into the \bin directory. I have now re-installed Elmah, and I manually delete the SQLite.dll from \bin after each build. How can I determine what is causing SQLite to be inserted into my \bin after each build?

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  • Nodejs: Change working directory when running node bin script

    - by user2433617
    I am trying to change the working directory when my nodejs script is run from a bin script. So simplified I have something like: #!/usr/bin/env node process.cd('/Users') When I then run this command like ./bin/nodefile it exits but stays in the same directory it started in. I have also tried shelljs, What is the best way to do this? I understand it's working but it's just in a separate process. Thanks.

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  • New Shell In Oracle Solaris 11

    - by rickramsey
    In Oracle Solaris 11, Korn Shell 93 (/usr/bin/ksh/ or usr/bin/ksh93) replaces both the Bourne Shell (/usr/bin/sh or /sbin/sh) and Korn Shell 88 (/usr/bin/ksh). There are some incompatibilities between the shells. They are described in: /usr/share/doc/ksh/COMPATIBILITY If a script has compatibility problems you can use the legacy shell by changing the she-bang line: If this doesn't work Use This #!/bin/ksh #!/usr/sunos/bin/ksh #!/usr/bin/ksh #!/usr/sunos/bin/ksh     #!/bin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh #!/usr/bin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh #!/sbin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh - Mike Gerdts http://blogs.oracle.com/zoneszone/ Website Newsletter Facebook Twitter

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  • MySQL replication - rapidly growing relay bin logs

    - by Rob Forrest
    Morning all, I've got a really strange situation here this morning much like a reportedly fixed MySQL bug. http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=28421 My relay bin logs are rapidly filling with an infinite loop of junk made of this sort of thing. #121018 5:40:04 server id 101 end_log_pos 15598207 #Append_block: file_id: 2244 block_len: 8192 # at 15598352 #121018 5:40:04 server id 101 end_log_pos 15606422 #Append_block: file_id: 2244 block_len: 8192 # at 15606567 ... # at 7163731 #121018 5:38:39 server id 101 end_log_pos 7171801 #Append_block: file_id: 2243 block_len: 8192 WARNING: Ignoring Append_block as there is no Create_file event for file_id: 2243 # at 7171946 #121018 5:38:39 server id 101 end_log_pos 7180016 #Append_block: file_id: 2243 block_len: 8192 WARNING: Ignoring Append_block as there is no Create_file event for file_id: 2243 These log files grow to 1Gb within about a minute before rotating and starting again. These big files are interspersed with 1 or 2 smaller files with just this in /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #121023 9:43:05 server id 100 end_log_pos 106 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.1.61-log created 121023 9:43:05 BINLOG ' mViGUA9kAAAAZgAAAGoAAAAAAAQANS4xLjYxLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAUwAEGggAAAAICAgC '/*!*/; # at 106 #121023 9:43:05 server id 100 end_log_pos 156 Rotate to mysqld-relay-bin.000003 pos: 4 DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; We're running a master-master replication setup with the problematic server running mysql 5.1.61. The other server which is, for the moment, stable is running 5.1.58. Has anyone got any ideas what the solution is to this and moreover, what might have caused this?

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  • Using Solaris pkg to list all setuid or setgid programs

    - by darrenm
    $ pkg contents -a mode=4??? -a mode=2??? -t file -o pkg.name,path,mode We can also add a package name on the end to restrict it to just that single package eg: $ pkg contents -a mode=4??? -a mode=2??? -t file -o pkg.name,path,mode core-os PKG.NAME PATH MODE system/core-os usr/bin/amd64/newtask 4555 system/core-os usr/bin/amd64/uptime 4555 system/core-os usr/bin/at 4755 system/core-os usr/bin/atq 4755 system/core-os usr/bin/atrm 4755 system/core-os usr/bin/crontab 4555 system/core-os usr/bin/mail 2511 system/core-os usr/bin/mailx 2511 system/core-os usr/bin/newgrp 4755 system/core-os usr/bin/pfedit 4755 system/core-os usr/bin/su 4555 system/core-os usr/bin/tip 4511 system/core-os usr/bin/write 2555 system/core-os usr/lib/utmp_update 4555 system/core-os usr/sbin/amd64/prtconf 2555 system/core-os usr/sbin/amd64/swap 2555 system/core-os usr/sbin/amd64/sysdef 2555 system/core-os usr/sbin/amd64/whodo 4555 system/core-os usr/sbin/prtdiag 2755 system/core-os usr/sbin/quota 4555 system/core-os usr/sbin/wall 2555

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  • GI ????

    - by Allen Gao
    Normal 0 7.8 ? 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:????; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} ??????????11gR2 GI ?????????,??????GI????????????????????? ????????GI???????3???,ohasd??,??????,??????? ??,ohasd??? 1. /etc/inittab?????? h1:35:respawn:/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null ???,??????? root 4865 1 0 Dec02 ? 00:01:01 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run ??????????????,???? +init.ohasd ????????? + os????????? + ??S* ohasd????, ??S96ohasd + GI????????(crsctl enable crs) ??,ohasd.bin ??????,????OLR????,??,??ohasd.bin??????,?????OLR??????????????OLR???$GRID_HOME/cdata/${HOSTNAME}.olr 2. ohasd.bin????????agents(orarootagent, oraagent, cssdagnet ? cssdmonitor) ???????????????,?????agent??????,??????????$GRID_HOME/bin ???????????,??,?????????,??corruption. ???,??????? 1. Mdnsd ??????(Multicast)???????????????????,??????????????????????????? 2. Gpnpd ????,??????????bootstrap ??,??????????????gpnp profile???,?????mdnsd??????,???????????,?????????????,??gpnp profile (<gi_home>/gpnp/profiles/peer/profile.xml)?????????? 3. Gipcd ????,????????????????(cluster interconnect)?????,???????gpnpd???,??,??????????,?????gpnpd ??????? 4. Ocssd.bin ?????????????gpnp profile?????????(Voting Disk),????gpnpd ??????????,?????????????,??ocssd.bin ??????,?????????? + gpnp profile ?????????? + gpnpd ??????? + ??????asm disk ??????????? + ??????????? 5. ??????????:ora.ctssd, ora.asm, ora.cluster_interconnect.haip, ora.crf, ora.crsd ?? ??:????????????????ocssd.bin, gpnpd.bin ? gipcd.bin ????,??gpnpd.bin????,ocssd.bin ? gipcd.bin ?????????,?gpnpd.bin????????,ocssd.bin ? gipcd.bin ????????gpnp profile?????????? ??,????????????,?????crsd????????? 1. Crsd?????????????OCR,????OCR????ASM?,???? ASM??????,??OCR???ASM??????????OCR???????,???????????????? 2. Crsd ?????agents(orarootagent, oraagent_<rdbms_owner>, oraagent_<gi_owner> )???agent????,??????????$GRID_HOME/bin ???????????,??,?????????,??corruption. 3. ????????  ora.net1.network : ????,?????????????,scanvip, vip, listener?????????????,??????????,vip, scanvip ?listener ??offline,?????????????? ora.<scan_name>.vip:scan???vip??,?????3?? ora.<node_name>.vip : ?????vip ?? ora.<listener_name>.lsnr: ???????????????,?11gR2??,listener.ora???????,????????? ora.LISTENER_SCAN<n>.lsnr: scan ????? ora.<????>.dg: ASM ????????????????mount???,dismount???? ora.<????>.db: ???????11gR2????????????,??????????rac ????????,??????????,???????“USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(<node name> )”???????,??????????ASM???,???????????????????,??dependency?????????,??????????????????,???dependancy???????,??????(crsctl modify res ……)? ora.<???>.svc:?????????11gR2 ??,?????????,???10gR2??,???????????,srv ?cs ????? ora.cvu :?????11.2.0.2???,???????cluvfy??,???????????????? ora.ons : ONS??,????????,????? ??,?????GI??????????????????? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/ocssd <== ocssd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/gpnpd <== gpnpd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/gipcd <== gipcd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/agent/crsd <== crsd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/agent/ohasd <== ohasd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/mdnsd <== mdnsd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/client <== ????GI ??(ocrdump, crsctl, ocrcheck, gpnptool??)??????????? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/ctssd <== ctssd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/crsd <== crsd.bin ?? $GRID_HOME/log/<node_name>/cvu <== cluvfy ????????? $GRID_HOME/bin/diagcollection.sh <== ????????????????? ??,????????(/var/tmp/.oracle ? /tmp/.oracle),??????????????????ipc???,??,?????????????????????,???GI?????????????????????,??????????GI??????????????

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  • Creating Python C module from Fortran sources on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

    - by Botondus
    In a project I work on we use a Python C module compiled from Fortran with f2py. I've had no issues building it on Windows 7 32bit (using mingw32) and on the servers it's built on 32bit Linux. But I've recently installed Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 64bit on my laptop that I use for development, and when I build it I get a lot of warnings (even though I've apparently installed all gcc/fortran libraries/compilers), but it does finish the build. However when I try to use the built module in the application, most of it seems to run well but then it crashes with an error: * glibc detected /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x0000000006a44760 ** Warnings on running *f2py -c -m module_name ./fortran/source.f90* customize UnixCCompiler customize UnixCCompiler using build_ext customize GnuFCompiler Could not locate executable g77 Found executable /usr/bin/f77 gnu: no Fortran 90 compiler found gnu: no Fortran 90 compiler found customize IntelFCompiler Could not locate executable ifort Could not locate executable ifc customize LaheyFCompiler Could not locate executable lf95 customize PGroupFCompiler Could not locate executable pgf90 Could not locate executable pgf77 customize AbsoftFCompiler Could not locate executable f90 absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found absoft: no Fortran 90 compiler found customize NAGFCompiler Found executable /usr/bin/f95 customize VastFCompiler customize GnuFCompiler gnu: no Fortran 90 compiler found gnu: no Fortran 90 compiler found customize CompaqFCompiler Could not locate executable fort customize IntelItaniumFCompiler Could not locate executable efort Could not locate executable efc customize IntelEM64TFCompiler customize Gnu95FCompiler Found executable /usr/bin/gfortran customize Gnu95FCompiler customize Gnu95FCompiler using build_ext I have tried building a 32bit version by installing the gfortran multilib packages and running f2py with -m32 option (but with no success): f2py -c -m module_name ./fortran/source.f90 --f77flags="-m32" --f90flags="-m32" Any suggestions on what I could try to either build 32bit version or correctly build the 64bit version? Edit: It looks like it crashes right at the end of a subroutine. The 'write' executes fine... which is strange. write(6,*)'Eh=',Eh end subroutine calcolo_involucro The full backtrace is very long and I'm not sure if it's any help, but here it is: *** glibc detected *** /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python: free(): invalid next size (fast): 0x0000000007884690 *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x775b6)[0x7fe24f8f05b6] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x73)[0x7fe24f8f6e53] /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so(+0x4183c)[0x7fe24a18183c] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x46a50d] /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so(+0x4fbd8)[0x7fe24a18fbd8] /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so(+0x5aded)[0x7fe24a19aded] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x516e)[0x4a7c5e] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x5a60)[0x4a8550] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x911)[0x4a9671] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x537620] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Call+0x47)[0x41f0c7] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x427dff] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Call+0x47)[0x41f0c7] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x477bff] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x46f47f] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Call+0x47)[0x41f0c7] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4888)[0x4a7378] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x911)[0x4a9671] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4d19)[0x4a7809] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x911)[0x4a9671] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4d19)[0x4a7809] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x911)[0x4a9671] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x537620] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Call+0x47)[0x41f0c7] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords+0x43)[0x4a1b03] /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so(+0x2ee94)[0x7fe24a16ee94] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(_PyObject_Str+0x61)[0x454a81] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Str+0xa)[0x454b3a] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x461ad3] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python[0x46f3b3] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyObject_Call+0x47)[0x41f0c7] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4888)[0x4a7378] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x911)[0x4a9671] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x4d19)[0x4a7809] /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python(PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x5a60)[0x4a8550] ======= Memory map: ======== 00400000-0061c000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 399145 /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python 0081b000-0081c000 r--p 0021b000 08:05 399145 /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python 0081c000-0087e000 rw-p 0021c000 08:05 399145 /home/botondus/Envs/gasit/bin/python 0087e000-0088d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 01877000-07a83000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] 7fe240000000-7fe240021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fe240021000-7fe244000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 7fe247631000-7fe2476b1000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 140646 /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6.3.22 7fe2476b1000-7fe2478b1000 ---p 00080000 08:03 140646 /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6.3.22 7fe2478b1000-7fe2478b6000 r--p 00080000 08:03 140646 /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6.3.22 7fe2478b6000-7fe2478b7000 rw-p 00085000 08:03 140646 /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6.3.22 7fe2478b7000-7fe2478bb000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 263882 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/PIL/_imagingft.so 7fe2478bb000-7fe247aba000 ---p 00004000 08:03 263882 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/PIL/_imagingft.so 7fe247aba000-7fe247abb000 r--p 00003000 08:03 263882 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/PIL/_imagingft.so 7fe247abb000-7fe247abc000 rw-p 00004000 08:03 263882 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/PIL/_imagingft.so 7fe247abc000-7fe247abf000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 266773 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_bytesio.so 7fe247abf000-7fe247cbf000 ---p 00003000 08:03 266773 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_bytesio.so 7fe247cbf000-7fe247cc0000 r--p 00003000 08:03 266773 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_bytesio.so 7fe247cc0000-7fe247cc1000 rw-p 00004000 08:03 266773 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_bytesio.so 7fe247cc1000-7fe247cc5000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 266786 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_fileio.so 7fe247cc5000-7fe247ec4000 ---p 00004000 08:03 266786 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_fileio.so 7fe247ec4000-7fe247ec5000 r--p 00003000 08:03 266786 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_fileio.so 7fe247ec5000-7fe247ec6000 rw-p 00004000 08:03 266786 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_fileio.so 7fe247ec6000-7fe24800c000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 141358 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2.7.6 7fe24800c000-7fe24820b000 ---p 00146000 08:03 141358 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2.7.6 7fe24820b000-7fe248213000 r--p 00145000 08:03 141358 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2.7.6 7fe248213000-7fe248215000 rw-p 0014d000 08:03 141358 /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2.7.6 7fe248215000-7fe248216000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fe248216000-7fe248229000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 140632 /usr/lib/libexslt.so.0.8.15 7fe248229000-7fe248428000 ---p 00013000 08:03 140632 /usr/lib/libexslt.so.0.8.15 7fe248428000-7fe248429000 r--p 00012000 08:03 140632 /usr/lib/libexslt.so.0.8.15 7fe248429000-7fe24842a000 rw-p 00013000 08:03 140632 /usr/lib/libexslt.so.0.8.15 7fe24842a000-7fe248464000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 141360 /usr/lib/libxslt.so.1.1.26 7fe248464000-7fe248663000 ---p 0003a000 08:03 141360 /usr/lib/libxslt.so.1.1.26 7fe248663000-7fe248664000 r--p 00039000 08:03 141360 /usr/lib/libxslt.so.1.1.26 7fe248664000-7fe248665000 rw-p 0003a000 08:03 141360 /usr/lib/libxslt.so.1.1.26 7fe248665000-7fe24876e000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 534240 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so 7fe24876e000-7fe24896d000 ---p 00109000 08:03 534240 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so 7fe24896d000-7fe24896e000 r--p 00108000 08:03 534240 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so 7fe24896e000-7fe248999000 rw-p 00109000 08:03 534240 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml/etree.so 7fe248999000-7fe2489a7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fe2489a7000-7fe2489bd000 r-xp 00000000 08:03 132934 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1

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  • Apache won't stop starting

    - by Rob
    /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6906 0.0 0.1 187032 5448 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6907 0.0 0.1 187032 5448 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6908 0.0 0.1 187032 5448 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6909 0.0 0.1 187032 5448 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6910 0.7 0.1 187712 7024 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6911 1.7 0.1 188216 7036 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6912 0.5 0.1 187712 7020 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6913 0.4 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6914 0.8 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6915 0.7 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6916 0.5 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6917 0.2 0.1 188216 7024 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6918 0.5 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6919 0.8 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6920 0.5 0.1 187712 7020 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6921 0.8 0.1 187712 7020 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6922 1.0 0.1 188216 7024 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6923 0.6 0.1 188216 7024 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6924 1.5 0.1 187712 7020 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6925 0.1 0.1 187712 7012 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6926 1.2 0.1 187712 7016 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6927 0.5 0.1 188216 7028 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 6928 1.2 0.1 187712 7024 ? S 13:20 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL I have 258 of these running. I stopped httpd, and it went back down to 0. I started it back up, and it quickly went back to 258. I have never seen this before. Anyone know what's wrong? I'm running CentOS5.5 with Apache2.2 on cPanel.

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  • Cannot find /Users/user/tomcat/bin/setclasspath.sh

    - by Ankit
    This file is needed to run this program. I am new to Mac OS X and its terminal. I am installing Apache Tomcat, using steps provided through this URL http://www.editrocket.com/articles/tomcat_mac.html, but when I run sh startup.sh I get the following error: Cannot find /Users/user/tomcat/bin/setclasspath.sh This file is needed to run this program. Whereas setclasspath.sh already exists at this location.

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  • What exactly interpret #!/bin/bash line?

    - by vava
    Many scripts in different languages have a #!/bin/bash header with a path to interpreter, so they can be executed without explicit call to interpreter from command line. But what exactly reads this line and run the interpreter, is it shell or kernel?

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