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  • Nginx refuses to bind to 8080

    - by Stofke
    I have setup Varnish to run on port 80 which seems to work fine. COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME varnishd 8005 nobody 7u IPv4 14055 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) varnishd 8005 nobody 8u IPv6 14056 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) Under available sites in /etc/nginx I have the file default with: server { listen 8080; .... nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) Why is it still looking for port 80?

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  • What kind of scaling method is it, when you add new software to a single server to handle more users? [on hold]

    - by Phil
    I have read about scaling (in terms of terminology and methods). This got me confused about the following: On a single computer, running a web server (say apache), if the system administrator adds a front, caching, reverse-proxy such as Varnish, which in that scenario increase the amount of requests this server is able to handle. My question: Setting up such cache increases the capacity of the server to handle work, hence scales it, but without increasing neither the amount of nodes or the node's capacity. What is the name for this type of scaling?

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  • What does the float number indicate when using varnishtop?

    - by Abs
    I have Varnish running and I wanted to see what http response codes commonly occur. I used: varnishtop -i TxStatus However, I am struggling to work out what the numbers on the right mean? Is it number of requests? list length 7 1322.16 TxStatus 200 60.43 TxStatus 302 8.67 TxStatus 304 3.14 TxStatus 500 2.96 TxStatus 404 0.80 TxStatus 301 0.56 TxStatus 403

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  • How do you cache web pages with a personalized header using caching reverse proxy such as Squid, Var

    - by Continuation
    Pretty much every page of my website is dynamically generated. However they don't change that frequently (kinda similar to a forum page). So I'd like to cache them using a caching reverse proxy such as Squid, varnish or Nginx. The problem is that for my logged-in users, each of them will see a personalized header saying "Welcome John Doe. Logout" on the upper right corner of the page (just like serverfault). While users who aren't logged in will see a header that says "Login" instead. So basically even though every user will see the same page in general, they all slightly different version due to that personalized header. Is there any way so that I can cache the "main" part of the page and serve it from cache while generate the personalized header dynamically for each individual user? This must be a very common problem. How is it solved in general?

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  • faster ( squid + apache httpd + apache tomcat )

    - by letronje
    We have a production setup where we have Squid in the front(caching images, js, css, etc) Apache httpd in the middle(prefork + mod_rewrite + mod_jk/AJP + mod_deflate + mod_php(few php pages)) Apache tomcat 5.5 at the end serving all the dynamic stuff. What would be the best way to reduce the overhead of having 3 servers in the request path ? Wondering if replacing httpd with a faster web server like nginx/lighttpd will help. httpd right now does the job of url rewriting(for clean urls) and talking to tomcat(via mod_jk) and compressing output(mod_deflate) and serving some low traffic php pages. What would be ideal replacement for httpd given that we need these features? Is there a way to replace (squid + apache) with a single entity that does caching well (like squid) for static stuff, rewrites url, compresses response and forwards dynamic stuff directly to tomcat ? heard abt varnish cache, wondering if it can help.

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  • First request too slow even if I have a load balancer in the back

    - by adrian7
    I have an Apache 2 on Centos + bind with a wordpress website on it (e.g example.com). I have also set up, on another server in a different contry a load balancer (varnish:80 + nginx 127.0.0.1:8080) for it - which task is to server all static content under /wp-content/. Using Simple DNS editor I added an A entry to cdn.example.com pointing to the server's IP. So no extra work from a 2nd dns server. Then using htaccess I redirect all requests to jpg|gif|css|js files to cdn.example.com. That works and all files are saved on the "cdn" server and served right away. My problem is that for the first time I enter on example.com (e.g after restarting the computer or closing the browser) the load time is 1 up to 3 seconds, while any subsequent page loads take only 300 to 600 miliseconds. I know it might be a DNS issue, but I have done a cache check on several websites and cdn.example.com indicates the right IP. Do you have any ideas where I should dig to solve this first-time slowness?

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  • Hardware specs for web cache

    - by Raj
    I am looking for recommendations for hardware specs for a server that needs to be a web cache for a user population of about 2,000 concurrent connections. The clients are viewing segmented HTTP video in bitrates ranging from 150kbps to 2mbps. Most video is "live" meaning segments of 2-10 secs each, of which 100 or so are maintained at a time. There are also some pre-recorded fixed length videos. How would I go about doing the provisioning calculation for such a server: What kind of HDD (SSD?), how many NICs how much RAM etc? I am thinking of using Varnish on Linux, all the RAM I can get my hands on, 2 CPUs with 6-8 cores each.

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  • options for physical architecture of rails site regarding caching server or cdn

    - by timpone
    I have a rails app that is set on a single server currently. On production, I force_ssl for everything. I am interested in using a caching server for images (I'm fine with css and js being served from origin for time being). Would nginx or varnish (which I have no experience with) be a better solution (for October 2012)? I'd imagine that it would be easy to switch these around while still on this single server architecture. Or would something like cloudfront (which I also have no experience with) make sense for hosting image files? I know this is a vague question but appreciate any current feedback. thx in advance

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  • Varnishhist x- and y-axis

    - by pst
    In varnishhist the x-axis shows the time varnish took between getting the request from the kernel and sending it back to kernel. The y-axis shows the number of requests. | => cache hit # => cache miss That is what I understood from the manpage. Correct me if I'm wrong. Yet there is one thing I'm unsure about. The pipes (|) on the far left side, do they also stand for cache hits or are they just there to print the y-axis? I'm voting for the latter, but would like to be sure.

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  • connections on port 80 suddenly refused / server not responding

    - by user1394013
    my dedicated server stopped responding to requests on port 80 today out of sudden, i havent touched anything in more than a month. its ubuntu 10, varnish + nginx + php-fpm, only 1 website. load is at 0. i messaged my ISP if they changed something but no reply yet. i tried to access the site via http://web-sniffer.net/ and it times out on port 80, but if i connect directly to nginx on port 8080 it loads just fine. for normal users, it doesnt load on neither of these in normal browser. any tips what to check or what could be causing this?

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  • How to direct reverse proxy requests using wildcard vhosts

    - by HonoredMule
    I'm interested in running a reverse proxy with 2-3 virtual machines behind it. Each internal server will run multiple virtual hosts, and rather than manually configuring each individual vhost on the proxy (a variety of vhosts come and go too often for this to be practical), I would like to use something which can employ pattern matching in a sequential order to find the appropriate back-end server. For example: Server 1: *.dev.mysite.com Server 2: *.stage.mysite.com Server 3: *.mysite.com, dev.mysite.com, stage.mysite.com, mysite.com Server 4: * In the above configuration, task.dev.mysite.com would go to Server 1, dev.mysite.com would go to Server 3, yoursite.stage.mysite.com to Server 2, www.mysite.com to Server 3, and yoursite.com to Server 4. I've looked into using Squid, Varnish, and nginx so far. I have my opinions regarding their respective desirability and general suitability, but it's not readily apparent if any of them can handle dynamic server selection in this manner and not require per-vhost configuration. Apache on the other hand can do this handily and simply, but otherwise (aside from being well-known and familiar) seems very poorly suited to the partly-performance-serving task. Performance isn't actually a major concern yet, but it seems foolish to use Apache if another system will perform far better and can also handle the desired 'hands-free' configuration. But so is frequently having to adjust the gateway for all production services and risk network-wide outage...and so also is setting oneself up for longer downtime later if Apache becomes a too-small bottleneck. Which of these (or other) reverse proxies can do it/would do it best? And maybe I should post this as a separate question, but if Apache is the only practical option, how safe/reliable/predictable is apache-mpm-event in apache2.2 (Ubuntu 12.04.1) particularly for a dedicated reverse proxy? As I understand it the Event MPM was declared "safe" as of 2.4 but it's unclear whether reaching stability in 2.4 has any implications for the older (2.2) versions available in official/stable package channels of various distros.

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  • What ports, besides 80, need to be available to send (only send) email using phpmailer to gmail over SSL?

    - by Wobblefoot
    Using phpmailer I keep getting a 110 timeout and "Unable to connect to host" when sending email from my web server. The authentication details are right and they work on another server I have (login, pwd, ports etc and gmail acct set up for SSL connections on 465), but it's failing on my new server. FIREWALL: I allow related/established, port 80 and a port for SSH on INPUT, then this on OUTPUT: 7906 474K DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:smtp 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any localhost.localdomain yw-in-f109.1e100.net tcp dpt:submission 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any localhost.localdomain gx-in-f109.1e100.net tcp dpt:ssmtp 0 0 DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:submission 9 540 DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssmtp This output chain works on my other server and disabling it doesn't get mail delivered either. WEB SERVER: Varnish (80) Nginx (8088) Drupal 7 PHP5-FPM APC MySQL All works beautifully, except for outgoing email. What else could it be? I understand phpmailer does NOT require a local MTA or procmail (this is sort of the point - I don't want the security or admin overhead of a full blown MTA on my web server). Am I wrong? Do I need an MTA as well? What local ports and programs are used to authenticate over SSL and route mail using phpmailer? Any ideas at all greatly appreciated - wasted a day on this nonsense already!

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  • How many reverse proxies (nginx, haproxy) is too many?

    - by Alysum
    I'm setting up a HA (high availability) cluster using nginx, haproxy & apache. I've been reading great things about nginx and haproxy. People tend to choose one or the other but I like both. Haproxy is more flexible for load balancing than nginx's simple round robin (even with the upstream-fair patch). But I'd like to keep nginx for redirecting non-https to https among other things right at the point of entry to the cluster. On the other hand, nginx is a lot faster for serving static contents and would reduce the load on the powerful apache which loves to eat a lot of RAM! Here is my planned setup: Load balancer: nginx listens on port 80/443 and proxy_forwards to haproxy on 8080 on the same server to load balance between the multiple nodes. Nodes: nginx on the node listens to requests coming from haproxy on 8080, if the content is static, serve it. But if it's a backend script (in my case PHP), proxy forward to apache2 on the same node server listenning on a different port number. Technically this setup works but my concerns are whether having the requests going through several proxies is going to slow down requests? Most of the requests will be PHP requests as the backends are services (which means groing from nginx - haproxy - nginx - apache). Thoughts? Cheers

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  • How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

    - by Continuation
    I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

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  • How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?

    - by Continuation
    I heard recently that Nginx has added caching to its reverse proxy feature. I looked around but couldn't find much info about it. I want to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy in front of Apache/Django: to have Nginx proxy requests for some (but not all) dynamic pages to Apache, then cache the generated pages and serve subsequent requests for those pages from cache. Ideally I'd want to invalidate cache in 2 ways: Set an expiration date on the cached item To explicitly invalidate the cached item. E.g. if my Django backend has updated certain data, I'd want to tell Nginx to invalidate the cache of the affected pages Is it possible to set Nginx to do that? How?

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  • How can I automatically restart Apache and Varnish if can't fetch a file?

    - by Tyler
    I need to restart Apache and Varnish and email some logs when the script can't fetch robots.txt but I am getting an error ./healthcheck: 43 [[: not found My server is Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit #!/bin/sh # Check if can fetch robots.txt if not then restart Apache and Varnish # Send last few lines of logs with date via email PATH=/bin:/usr/bin THEDIR=/tmp/web-server-health [email protected] mkdir -p $THEDIR if ( wget --timeout=30 -q -P $THEDIR http://website.com/robots.txt ) then # we are up touch ~/.apache-was-up else # down! but if it was down already, don't keep spamming if [[ -f ~/.apache-was-up ]] then # write a nice e-mail echo -n "Web server down at " > $THEDIR/mail date >> $THEDIR/mail echo >> $THEDIR/mail echo "Apache Log:" >> $THEDIR/mail tail -n 30 /var/log/apache2/error.log >> $THEDIR/mail echo >> $THEDIR/mail echo "AUTH Log:" >> $THEDIR/mail tail -n 30 /var/log/auth.log >> $THEDIR/mail echo >> $THEDIR/mail # kick apache echo "Now kicking apache..." >> $THEDIR/mail /etc/init.d/varnish stop >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 killall -9 varnishd >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 /etc/init.d/varnish start >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 /etc/init.d/apache2 stop >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 killall -9 apache2 >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 /etc/init.d/apache2 start >> $THEDIR/mail 2>&1 # prepare the mail echo >> $THEDIR/mail echo "Good luck troubleshooting!" >> $THEDIR/mail # send the mail sendemail -o message-content-type=html -f [email protected] -t $EMAIL -u ALARM -m < $THEDIR/mail rm ~/.apache-was-up fi fi rm -rf $THEDIR

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  • Updates to Wordpress theme template/stylesheet are not reflected when a file is edited

    - by Bryan
    I am developing a theme in Wordpress. I have an issue where updates to my stylesheet (style.css) are not being reflected in the browser after FTPing a new version of the file to the server. Edits will only show up in the browser after waiting a long time, (15+ minutes). I have tried all the things mentioned here, which have not worked. These include: Making sure no caching plugins are installed in Wordpress Clearing the browser cache Trying from a different browser Making sure I am editing and accessing the correct file Checking webhost configuration panel for a caching plugin Something seems to be caching the stylesheet but I'm not sure how this might be so.

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  • nginx hashing on GET parameter

    - by Sparsh Gupta
    I have two Varnish servers and I plan to add more varnish servers. I am using a nginx load balancer to divide traffic to these varnish servers. To utilize maximum RAM of each varnish server, I need that same request reaches same varnish server. Same request can be identified by one GET parameter in the request URL say 'a' In a normal code, I would do something like- (if I need to divide all traffic between 2 Varnish servers) if($arg_a % 2 == 0) { proxy_pass varnish1; } if($arg_a % 2 == 1) { proxy_pass varnish2; } This is basically doing a even / odd check on GET parameter a and then deciding which upstream pool to send the request. My question are- What is the nginx equivalent of such a code. I dont know if nginx accepts modulas Is there a better/ efficient hashing function built in with nginx (0.8.54) which I can possibly use. In future I want to add more upstream pools so I need not to change %2 to %3 %4 and so on Any other alternate way to solve this problem

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  • Major Google not follow increase since introducing 301 to site

    - by jakob
    Recently we implemented Varnish in front of our web nodes so that the backend would get some rest from time to time. Since varnish is case sensitive and our app was not we implemented a 301 in varnish to redirect to small case. Example: You search for PlumBer StockHOLM you will get a 301 redirect to plumber stockholm and then plumber stockholm will be cached. This worked as a charm, but when checking the Google webmaster tools we suddenly got a crazy amount of Status - Not able to follow errors. As you can see in the image below: This of course stirred up some panic and I started to read up on the documentation once again. If I pressed on one of the links I got to the help section where i found this: Well this is strange, but as the day progressed more and more errors were thrown by Google. We took the decision to make varnish return 200 instead of the 301. Now when testing the links that appears in the Not able to follow section I get a 200 back. I have tested with Chrome, curl and lynx reader and everything looks ok but the amount of errors are still increasing. What is a little bit comforting is that the links that appears in the Not able to follow section are dated before the 200 change in varnish. Why do I get these errors and why do they keep increasing? Did google release something new on October 31? Maybe I do not understand the docs correctly?

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  • In Varnish, is it normal for the number of freed bytes to be 60% of those allocated?

    - by user331397
    I have an installation of Varnish 3.02 on an Amazon EC2 Medium Linux instance in front of two relatively low-traffic websites. After an uptime of 2 hours, there are 3400 objects in the cache. Using varnishstat, I checked the variables SMA.s0.c_bytes and SMA.s0.c_freed, which I assume correspond to the total number of bytes allocated since startup and the number freed, respectively. No objects should have had time to expire during these two hours, but still about 60% of the memory allocated since startup (330MB out of 560MB) has already been freed. Do you know if this is normal? If not, do you know what kind of configuration could be wrong?

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  • package manager cannot create users? installation script fails?

    - by RapidWebs
    It seems that when trying to install any package which requires the creation of a system User and Group, the installer fails with the error: install: invalid user 'username' When it happened the first time, I assumed it was related to the package, or it's installation script. But now I am attempting a different package, and alas, the same issue arises! note: /etc/passwd and /etc/group is not chattr -i Here is the example output from an attempted installation (of varnish): Selecting previously unselected package varnish. Unpacking varnish (from .../varnish_3.0.2-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up libvarnishapi1 (3.0.2-1ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up varnish (3.0.2-1ubuntu0.1) ... install: invalid user `varnish' dpkg: error processing varnish (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Errors were encountered while processing: varnish note: running ubuntu 12.04 For now, I have resolved the issue by manually creating the users, and running apt-get install -f, but this does not resolve the actual issue. Any ideas?

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  • 256MB VPS on XEN

    - by user63410
    I am thinking of getting a 256MB server on XEN but not sure is it capable of handling this setup: Varnish + Nginx + Eaccelerator + PHP-FM + MySQL + Mail/FTP? I've tried this setup on OpenVZ and it was partly disastorous, especially with varnish in the equation, i've heard that XEN is better at memory management, sometimes shaving off 50mb or more in comparison to OpenVZ setups... if anyone has any helpful suggestions / input please let me know thanks

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  • Idea to develop a caching server between IIS and SQL Server

    - by John
    I work on a few high traffic websites that all share the same database and that are all heavily database driven. Our SQL server is max-ed out and, although we have already implemented many changes that have helped but the server is still working too hard. We employ some caching in our website but the type of queries we use negate using SQL dependency caching. We tried SQL replication to try and kind of load balance but that didn't prove very successful because the replication process is quite demanding on the servers too and it needed to be done frequently as it is important that data is up to date. We do use a Varnish web caching server (Linux based) to take a bit of the load off both the web and database server but as a lot of the sites are customised based on the user we can only do so much. Anyway, the reason for this question... Varnish gave me an idea for a possible application that might help in this situation. Just like Varnish sits between a web browser and the web server and caches response from the web server, I was wondering about the possibility of creating something that sits between the web server and the database server. Imagine that all SQL queries go through this SQL caching server. If it's a first time query then it will get recorded, and the result requested from the SQL server and stored locally on the cache server. If it's a repeat request within a set time then the result gets retrieved from the local copy without the query being sent to the SQL server. The caching server could also take advantage of SQL dependency caching notifications. This seems like a good idea in theory. There's still the same amount of data moving back and forward from the web server, but the SQL server is relieved of the work of processing the repeat queries. I wonder about how difficult it would be to build a service that sort of emulates requests and responses from SQL server, whether SQL server's own caching is doing enough of this already that this wouldn't be a benefit, or even if someone has done this before and I haven't found it? I would welcome any feedback or any references to any relevant projects.

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  • API Management Solutions

    - by Mike
    I'm currently building an API and am looking for a tool to allow me to monitor (in a GUI) and rate limit usage. I've come across a few enterprise solutions including: http://apigee.com/ http://mashery.com/ http://www.layer7tech.com/ http://www.3scale.net/ The Apigee enterprise plan is exactly what I'm looking for but plans start at $3000 / month which is out of my price range. The other solutions are all either to expense or do not provide the solution I'm looking for. This led me to look at some open source options including: http://apiaxle.com/ https://code.google.com/p/varnish-apikey/wiki/UsageManual Varnish seems like a fairly complete solution, however I would need to build a GUI to visualise the data. My final option would to build a solution from scratch using EventMachine and ruby. Any advice?

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  • Apache error_log showing which command output

    - by Unai Rodriguez
    Apache's error_log shows lines like the following: --- snip --- which: no ruby in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no locate in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no suidperl in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no get in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no fetch in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no links in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no lynx in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no lwp-mirror in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no lwp-download in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) which: no kav in (/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin) --- end --- The architecture is: Internet - Load Balancer - Varnish - Apache There are several web servers behind the load balancer and I have checked at least one of them with rkhunter (link) and couldn't find anything suspicious. Versions: CentOS 5.7 Varnish 2.1.5 Apache 2.2.3 PHP 5.2.17 Does this mean that someone has executed the command which through Apache? How can that happen? Thank you so much.

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