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• Using Visual Studio 2010 Express to create a surface I can draw to

  - by Joel

  I'm coming from a Java background and trying to port a simple version of Conway's Game of Life that I wrote to C# in order to learn the language. In Java, I drew my output by inheriting from JComponent and overriding paint(). My new canvas class then had an instance of the simulation's backend which it could read/manipulate. I was then able to get the WYSIWYG GUI editor (Matisse, from NetBeans) to allow me to visually place the canvas. In C#, I've gathered that I need to override OnPaint() to draw things, which (as far as I know) requires me to inherit from something (I chose Panel). I can't figure out how to get the Windows forms editor to let me place my custom class. I'm also uncertain about where in the generated code I need to place my class. How can I do this, and is putting all my drawing code into a subclass really how I should be going about this? The lack of easy answers on Google suggests I'm missing something important here. If anyone wants to suggest a method for doing this in WPF as well, I'm curious to hear it. Thanks

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• Dynamic Select boxes page load

  - by Chris

  Hello, I have a dynamic chained select box that I am attempting to show the value of on a page load. In my chained select box, it will default to the first option within the select box on page load, could anyone provide assitance? I stumbled upon this thread, but I can't seem to translate what they are doing with that answer to my language of CF. Dynamic chained drop downs on page refresh Here is the JS script I am using. function dynamicSelect(id1, id2) { // Feature test to see if there is enough W3C DOM support if (document.getElementById && document.getElementsByTagName) { // Obtain references to both select boxes var sel1 = document.getElementById(id1); var sel2 = document.getElementById(id2); // Clone the dynamic select box var clone = sel2.cloneNode(true); // Obtain references to all cloned options var clonedOptions = clone.getElementsByTagName("option"); // Onload init: call a generic function to display the related options in the dynamic select box refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions); // Onchange of the main select box: call a generic function to display the related options in the dynamic select box sel1.onchange = function() { refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions); } } } function refreshDynamicSelectOptions(sel1, sel2, clonedOptions) { // Delete all options of the dynamic select box while (sel2.options.length) { sel2.remove(0); } // Create regular expression objects for "select" and the value of the selected option of the main select box as class names var pattern1 = /( |^)(select)( |$)/; var pattern2 = new RegExp("( |^)(" + sel1.options[sel1.selectedIndex].value + ")( |$)"); // Iterate through all cloned options for (var i = 0; i < clonedOptions.length; i++) { // If the classname of a cloned option either equals "select" or equals the value of the selected option of the main select box if (clonedOptions[i].className.match(pattern1) || clonedOptions[i].className.match(pattern2)) { // Clone the option from the hidden option pool and append it to the dynamic select box sel2.appendChild(clonedOptions[i].cloneNode(true)); } } } Thanks so much for any assistance

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• Is it acceptable to wrap PHP library functions solely to change the names?

  - by Carson Myers

  I'm going to be starting a fairly large PHP application this summer, on which I'll be the sole developer (so I don't have any coding conventions to conform to aside from my own). PHP 5.3 is a decent language IMO, despite the stupid namespace token. But one thing that has always bothered me about it is the standard library and its lack of a naming convention. So I'm curious, would it be seriously bad practice to wrap some of the most common standard library functions in my own functions/classes to make the names a little better? I suppose it could also add or modify some functionality in some cases, although at the moment I don't have any examples (I figure I will find ways to make them OO or make them work a little differently while I am working). If you saw a PHP developer do this, would you think "Man, this is one shoddy developer?" Additionally, I don't know much (or anything) about if/how PHP is optimized, and I know that usually PHP performace doesn't matter. But would doing something like this have a noticeable impact on the performance of my application?

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• Generating a python file

  - by fema

  Hi! I'm havin issues with python (imo python itself is an issue). I have a txt file, it contains a custom language and I have to translate it to a working python code. The input: import sys n = int(sys.argv[1]) ;;print "Beginning of the program!" LOOP i in range(1,n) {print "The number:";;print i} BRANCH n < 5 {print n ;;print "less than 5"} The wanted output looks exactly like this: import sys n = int(sys.argv[1]) print "Beginning of the program!" for i in range(1,n) : print "The number:" print i if n < 5 : print n print "less than 5" The name of the input file is read from parameter. The out file is out.py. In case of a wrong parameter, it gives an error message. The ;; means a new line. When I tried to do it, I made an array, I read all the lines into it, split by " ". Then I wanted to strip it from the marks I don't need. I made 2 loops, one for the lines, one for the words. So then I started to replace the things. Everything went fine until it came to the } mark. It finds it, but it can not replace or strip it. I have no more idea what to do. Could someone help me, please? Thanks in advance!

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• Best (Java) book for understanding 'under the bonnet' for programming?

  - by Ben

  What would you say is the best book to buy to understand exactly how programming works under the hood in order to increase performance? I've coded in assembly at university, I studied computer architecture and I obviously did high level programming, but what I really dont understand is things like: -what is happening when I perform a cast -whats the difference in performance if I declare something global as opposed to local? -How does the memory layout for an ArrayList compare with a Vector or LinkedList? -Whats the overhead with pointers? -Are locks more efficient than using synchronized? -Would creating my own array using int[] be faster than using ArrayList -Advantages/disadvantages of declaring a variable volatile I have got a copy of Java Performance Tuning but it doesnt go down very low and it contains rather obvious things like suggesting a hashmap instead of using an ArrayList as you can map the keys to memory addresses etc. I want something a bit more Computer Sciencey, linking the programming language to what happens with the assembler/hardware. The reason im asking is that I have an interview coming up for a job in High Frequency Trading and everything has to be as efficient as possible, yet I cant remember every single possible efficiency saving so i'd just like to learn the fundamentals. Thanks in advance

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• Which Perl moudle can handle variety of date formats with unicode characters ?

  - by ram

  My requirement is parsing xml files which contains wide varieties of timestamps based on the locales at which they are written. They may contain Unicode characters in case of Chinese or Korean locales. I have to parse these timestamps and put then in a standard format something like 2009-11-26 12:40:54 to put them in a oracle database. Sometimes I may not even know the locale and yet I have to parse the timestamps. I am looking for a module that automatically detects the timestamp format (including unicode characters for am and pm in their local language) and converts in to epoch time so that I can convert it back to what ever way I like to. I have gone through similar questions in this forum. Few suggested DateFormat module, and Date::Parse module. The perl distribution I am using is 5.10 so Date::Manip doesn't come as a core module. As I am supposed to use just the basic core modules and few CPAN modules(on request I cannot ask for all), I request you to kindly suggest me a good module that suffices all my requirements. Thanks in advance

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• PHP loop hanging/interspersed/threaded through HTML

  - by sandyv

  I can't figure out how to say what I'm talking about which is a big part of why I'm stuck. In PHP I often see code like this html <?php language construct that uses brackets { some code; ?> more html <?php some more code; } ?> rest of html Is there any name for this? Having seen this lead me to try it out so here is a concrete example whose behavior doesn't make sense to me <div id="content"> <ul id="nav"> <?php $path = 'content'; $dir = dir($path); while(false !== ($file = $dir->read())) { if(preg_match('/.+\.txt/i', $file)) { echo "<li>$file</li>"; ?> </ul> <?php echo file_get_contents($path . '/' . $file); } } ?> </div> Which outputs roughly <div><ul><li></li></ul><li></li>...</div> instead of <div><ul><li></li>...</ul></div> which is what I thought would happen and what I want to happen.

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• Regarding Div Display

  - by user71723

  Hi to all, When i click on button,one div is showing..whenever i click on the body,that div will be hide. How can we achieve this functionality .. i write one code is as below. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <title>Untitled Document</title> <script language="javascript"> function HideSubMenus(e) { var targ; if (!e) var e = window.event; if (e.target) targ = e.target; else if (e.srcElement) targ = e.srcElement; if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug targ = targ.parentNode; for (var i=0; i!=5; i++) { if (!targ) { break; } else if (targ.className=="divclass") { return; } targ = targ.parentNode; } if(document.getElementById("showdivid")) { document.getElementById("showdivid").style.display=''; } } </script> </head> <body onclick="HideSubMenus(event);"> <input type="button" name="button" value="Click ME" onclick="document.getElementById('showdivid').style.display='';" /> <div id="showdivid" class="divclass" style="display:none;"> TeSt DIV </div> </body> </html> regards raj

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• java array pass by reference does not work?

  - by stdnoit

  guys i thought almost all language including java pass array into function as reference (modifiable) but somehow it does not work here. and the testArray is still 1,2,3 with size of 3 strange enough, when if i change result[i] = 2 to a[1] =2; it work . it did pass by reference what is wrong with this code? at the end, i had a = result; (which update the a). did result get removed from stack. that is why a still get to the original a ? i am confused. thanks class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] testArray = {1,2,3}; equalize(testArray, 6); System.out.println("test Array size :" + testArray.length); for(int i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++) System.out.println(testArray[i]); } public static void equalize(int[] a, int biggerSize) { if(a.length > biggerSize) throw new Error("Array size bigger than biggerSize"); int[] result = new int[biggerSize]; // System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, 0, a.length); // int array default value should be 0 for(int i = 0; i < biggerSize; i++) result[i] = 2; a = result; } }

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• Immutability and shared references - how to reconcile?

  - by davetron5000

  Consider this simplified application domain: Criminal Investigative database Person is anyone involved in an investigation Report is a bit of info that is part of an investigation A Report references a primary Person (the subject of an investigation) A Report has accomplices who are secondarily related (and could certainly be primary in other investigations or reports These classes have ids that are used to store them in a database, since their info can change over time (e.g. we might find new aliases for a person, or add persons of interest to a report) If these are stored in some sort of database and I wish to use immutable objects, there seems to be an issue regarding state and referencing. Supposing that I change some meta-data about a Person. Since my Person objects immutable, I might have some code like: class Person( val id:UUID, val aliases:List[String], val reports:List[Report]) { def addAlias(name:String) = new Person(id,name :: aliases,reports) } So that my Person with a new alias becomes a new object, also immutable. If a Report refers to that person, but the alias was changed elsewhere in the system, my Report now refers to the "old" person, i.e. the person without the new alias. Similarly, I might have: class Report(val id:UUID, val content:String) { /** Adding more info to our report */ def updateContent(newContent:String) = new Report(id,newContent) } Since these objects don't know who refers to them, it's not clear to me how to let all the "referrers" know that there is a new object available representing the most recent state. This could be done by having all objects "refresh" from a central data store and all operations that create new, updated, objects store to the central data store, but this feels like a cheesy reimplementation of the underlying language's referencing. i.e. it would be more clear to just make these "secondary storable objects" mutable. So, if I add an alias to a Person, all referrers see the new value without doing anything. How is this dealt with when we want to avoid mutability, or is this a case where immutability is not helpful?

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• Computing, storing, and retrieving values to and from an N-Dimensional matrix

  - by Adam S

  This question is probably quite different from what you are used to reading here - I hope it can provide a fun challenge. Essentially I have an algorithm that uses 5(or more) variables to compute a single value, called outcome. Now I have to implement this algorithm on an embedded device which has no memory limitations, but has very harsh processing constraints. Because of this, I would like to run a calculation engine which computes outcome for, say, 20 different values of each variable and stores this information in a file. You may think of this as a 5(or more)-dimensional matrix or 5(or more)-dimensional array, each dimension being 20 entries long. In any modern language, filling this array is as simple as having 5(or more) nested for loops. The tricky part is that I need to dump these values into a file that can then be placed onto the embedded device so that the device can use it as a lookup table. The questions now, are: What format(s) might be acceptable for storing the data? What programs (MATLAB, C#, etc) might be best suited to compute the data? C# must be used to import the data on the device - is this possible given your answer to #1?

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• Where to place interactive objects in JavaScript?

  - by Chris

  I'm creating a web based application (i.e. JavaScript with jQuery and lots of SVG) where the user interacts with "objects" on the screen (think of DIVs that can be draged around, resized and connected by arraows - like a vector drawing programm or a graphical programming language). As each "object" contains individual information but is allways belonging to a "class" of elements it's obvious that this application should be programmed by using an OOP approach. But where do I store the "objects" best? Should I create a global structure ("registry") with all (JS native) objects and tell them "draw yourself on the DOM"? Or should I avoid such a structure and think of the (relevant) DOM nodes as my objects and attach the relevant data as .data() to them? The first approach is very MVC - but I guess the attachment of all the event handlers will be non trivial. The second approach will handle the events in a trivial way and it doesn't create a duplicate structure, but I guess the usual OO stuff (like methods) will be more complex. What do you recomend? I think the answer will be JavaScript and SVG specific as "usual" programming languages don't have such a highly organized output "canvas".

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• Attempt to create nested for loops generating missing arguments error

  - by JerryK

  Am attempting to teach myself to program using Tcl. (I want to become more familiar with the language to understand someone else's code - SCID chess) The task i've set myself to motivate my learing of Tcl is to solve the 8 queens problem. My approach to creating a program is to sucessively 'prototype' a solution. So. I'm up to nesting a for loop holding the q pos on row 2 inside the for loop holding the q pos on row 1 Here is my code set allowd 1 set notallowd 0 for {set r1p 1} {$r1p <= 8} {incr r1p } { puts "1st row q placed at $r1p" ;# re-initialize r2 'free for q placemnt' array after every change of r1 q pos: for {set i 1 } {$i <= 8} {incr i} { set r2($i) $allowd } for { set r2($r1p) $notallowd ; set r2([eval $r1p-1]) $notallowd ; set r2([eval $r1p+1]) $notallowd ; set r2p 1} {$r2p <= 8} { incr r2p ;# end of 'next' arg of r2 forloop } ;# commnd arg of r2 forloop placed below: {puts "2nd row q placed at $r2p" } } My problem is that when i run the code the interpreter is aborting with the fatal error: "wrong #args should be for start test next command. I've gone over my code a few times and can't see that i've missed any of the for loop arguments.

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• move jQuery code to a function

  - by GSTAR

  I have the following jQuery code: $('.show-additional-link').click(function(){ $(this).parent().next().slideDown(); $(this).hide(); return false; }); HTML: <div class="row"> <label for="native_language">Select</label> <select name="native_language" id="native_language"> <option value="">Any</option> <option value="1">English</option> </select> <a class="show-additional-link" href="#">Select Additional Languages</a> </div> <div id="additional-languages" style="display: none;"> <a class="hide-additional-link" href="#">[hide]</a> <div class="row"> <!-- additional language checkboxes --> </div> </div> I would like to move the contents of my jQuery code (within the 'click' function) in to a separate function, as I will need to call it again on page load (after the form is submitted, so that the DIV is shown again automatically). I'm having trouble with this - can anyone help?

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• How to have table span the entire height?

  - by Yogendra

  Hi All, I have a html table and I am trying to have it span the entire page height. For some reason I am not able to get this to work. I have set the html, body and table height to be 100%, but the table still does not occupy the entire 100%. Heres the code. It is very basic because I am just trying to have the table occupy the entire height. <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm1" %> <style type="text/css"> body,html { margin:0; padding:0; height:100%; } </style> <table border="2" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="height:100%; width:100%" > <tr> <td>ABCD</td> </tr> </table> </form> I tried for couple of hours and I could not get it to work. Any help is really appreciated.

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• Scroll table upwards or downwards using up and down button

  - by Psinyee

  I want to create a banner scrolling function for my homepage. I am not too sure of which programming language to use here. I want to code something similar to: http://www.squidfaceandthemeddler.com/. But I want the footer to remain at the same position while the user scroll the table. Is it possible to get that result? I have create a simple tables and 2 images for the user to click on here is my code for the tables: <div id="banner" style="height:750px; width:600px; overflow:scroll;" > <table width="750px" height="600px"> <tr> <td><a href="sale_1.php"><img src="banner1.png"/></a></td> </tr> </table> <table width="750px" height="600px"> <tr> <td><a href="sale_2.php"><img src="banner2.png"/></a></td> </tr> </table> <table width="750px" height="600px"> <tr> <td><a href="sale_3.php"><img src="banner3.png"/></a></td> </tr> </table> </div> and this is the upwards and downwards button for the scrolling: <table width="750px" height="30px"> <tr> <td align="right"><img src="images/up_arrow.png"/><img src="images/down_arrow.png"/></td> </tr> </table>

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• Question about CALL statement

  - by Bruce

  I have the following code in VC++ Func5(){ StackWalk(); } Func4{ Func5();} I am a Beginner in x86 Assembly Language. I am trying to find out the starting address of Func5(). I get the Func5()'s return address from its stack frame. Now before this return address there should be a CALL statement. So I extract out the bytes before the return address. Sometimes it's a near call like E8 ff ff ff d8. So for this statement I subtract the offset 0x28 from the function's return address to get Func5()'s base address (where it resides in memory). The problem is I don't know how to calculate this for a indirect NEAR call. I have been trying to find out how to do it for some time now. So I have extracted out the first 5 bytes before the return address and they are ff 75 08 ff d2 I think this stands for CALL ECX (ff d2) but I am not sure. I will be very grateful if someone can tell me what kind of CALL statement this is and how I can calculate the function's base address from this kind of call.

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• In Ruby or Python can the very idea of Class be rewritten?

  - by John Berryman

  Howdy All... first time at stack overflow. I'm looking into using some of the metaprogramming features provided by Ruby or Python, but first I need to know the extent to which they will allow me to extend the language. The main thing I need to be able to do is to rewrite the concept of Class. This doesn't mean that I want to rewrite a specific class during run time, but rather I want to make my own conceptualization of what a Class is. To be a smidge more specific here, I want to make something that is like what people normally call a Class, but I want to follow an "open world" assumption. In the "closed world" of normal Classes, if I declare Poodle to be a subclass of Dog to be a subclass of Animal, then I know that Poodle is not going to also be a type of FurCoat. However, in an open world Class, then the Poodle object I've defined may or may not be and object of type FurCoat and we won't know for sure until I explain that I can wear the poodle. (Poor poodle.) This all has to do with a study I'm doing concerning OWL ontologies. Just so you know, I've tried to find information online, but due to the overloading of terms here I haven't found anything helpful. Super thanks, John

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• Organising files and classes in XCode (iPhone application)

  - by pulegium

  It's a generic question and really a newbie one too, so bear with me... I'm playing with some iPhone development, and trying to create a simple "flip type" application. Nothing sophisticated, let's say on the flip side is a short application summary, bit like 'help' and on the main screen is a simple board game, let's say tic-tac-toe or similar. Now, XCode has generated me 'Main View', 'Flipside View' and 'Application Delegate' folders, with default template files in them. Now the question is where do I create appropriate 'MVC' classes? Let's say (V)iew classes are going to be the ones that have been automatically created. So the Flipside view class is responsible for generating text/images etc on the 'help' view. 'Main View' class is what draws the items on the table and updates the counters, etc. Where should I place the 'controller' class? And also, should it only be dealing with proxying only to the model? According to this the controller method is called from the view and manipulates the method classes. Similarly, the results from model are passed back to the view class by the controller issuing the calls to appropriate view methods. Similarly, where does the model class go? or should I just create a new folder for each, controller and model class files? What I'm after is the best practices, or just a short description how people normally structure their applications. I know it's very specific and also undefined... I came from Django background, so the way stuff is organised there is slightly different. Hope this makes sense, sorry if it's all bit vague, but I have to start somewhere :) And yes I've read quite few docs on the apple developer site, but trouble is that the documents are either going into too much detail about the language/framework/etc and the examples are way too simplistic. Actually, this leads me to the final question, has anyone know any good example of relatively complete application tutorial which I could use as a reference in organising my files?...

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• Objective-C Definedness

  - by Dan Ray

  This is an agonizingly rookie question, but here I am learning a new language and framework, and I'm trying to answer the question "What is Truth?" as pertains to Obj-C. I'm trying to lazy-load images across the network. I have a data class called Event that has properties including: @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage image; @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage thumbnail; in my AppDelegate, I fetch up a bunch of data about my events (this is an app that shows local arts event listings), and pre-sets each event.image to my default "no-image.png". Then in the UITableViewController where I view these things, I do: if (thisEvent.image == NULL) { NSLog(@"Going for this item's image"); UIImage *tempImage = [UIImage imageWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL: [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"http://www.mysite.com/content_elements/%@_image_1.jpg", thisEvent.guid]]]]; thisEvent.image = tempImage; } We never get that NSLog call. Testing thisEvent.image for NULLness isn't the thing. I've tried == nil as well, but that also doesn't work.

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• Help! I'm a Haskell Newbie

  - by Darknight

  I've only just dipped my toe in the world of Haskell as part of my journey of programming enlightenment (moving on from, procedural to OOP to concurrent to now functional). I've been trying an online Haskell Evaluator. However I'm now stuck on a problem: Create a simple function that gives the total sum of an array of numbers. In a procedural language this for me is easy enough (using recursion) (c#) : private int sum(ArrayList x, int i) { if (!(x.Count < i + 1)) { int t = 0; t = x.Item(i); t = sum(x, i + 1) + t; return t; } } All very fine however my failed attempt at Haskell was thus: let sum x = x+sum in map sum [1..10] this resulted in the following error (from that above mentioned website): Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = a -> t Please bear in mind I've only used Haskell for the last 30 minutes! I'm not looking simply for an answer but a more explanation of it. Thanks in advanced.

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• Cannot redeclare class on a copy of a site

  - by Polity

  I've developed a small SMS utility for a customer in PHP. The details are of non-importance. This project is hosted in: http://project.example.com/customer1 Now a second customer requests almost the same functionality, one cheap way of providing this is to copy the project from the first customer and modify it slightly. So i made a direct copy of the project for customer1 to another folder for customer 2. This project is hosted in: http://project.example.com/customer2 Now when i try and run the project for customer2 (calling a single page), i get the error message: Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class SmsService in /var/www/html/project/customer1/application/service.class.php on line 3 Here, service.class.php is a simple interface with 3 methods: interface SmsService { public function SendSms($mobile, $customerId, $customerName, $message); public function QueryIncomingResponse(); public function CleanExpiredConfirmations($maxConfirmationDays); } printing the backtrace in service.class.php reveals something interresting: #0 require_once() called at [/var/www/html/project/customer2/endpoint/queryIncomingResponse.php:2] Fatal error: Cannot redeclare class SmsService in /var/www/html/project/customer1/application/service.class.php on line 3 Line 2 in queryIncomingResponses is the very first require line there is. Line 3 in service.class.php is the first statement there is in the file (Line 2 is an empty line and line 1 is the php file opening tag). Naturally, I only work with relative requires (double checked this) so there is no way one include/require from customer2 actually refers to a file for customer1. It seems to me that in some way SmsService and other classes gets cached by PHP. (I have little control over the server environment). One solution to this would be namespaces. Unfortunatly, we work with PHP 5.1.7 where namespaces are not a part of the language feature just yet. Another way would be to mimic namespaces by prefixing all classes but this approach just feels dirty. Does anyone have more information on this problem and possibly solutions? Many thanks in advance!

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• CSS with Java Script

  - by Field

  I have been at this for a long time. I have a css div that is center on page. It floats on bottom. When I add content to div #menu i can not get it to shift right. I want to add full menu that float on the page. It have a live chat button coded. It just does not seem to work right #menu { background: url("grid2.gif") repeat scroll 0 0 transparent; margin:0 auto; border: 0px solid #888888; color: #FFFFFF; display: block; font-weight: bold; padding: 0px; position: fixed; align: right; bottom: 30px; width: 970px; } * html #menu { position: absolute; } #menu a:visited, #menu a { color: #000000; display: block; height: 20px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; } <div id="menu"><script language="JavaScript" src="/livehelp/js/status_image.php?base_url=/livehelp&l=adminlive&x=1&deptid=1&"></a></script></div>

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• Flowcharting functional programming languages

  - by Sadface

  Flowcharting. This ancient old practice that's been in use for over 1000 years now, being forced upon us poor students, without any usefulness (or so do I think). It might work well with imperative, sequentially running languages, but what about my beloved functional programming? Sadly, I'm forced to create a flow chart for my programm (that is written in Haskell). I imagine it being easy for something like this: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- getLine let upped = map toUpper someInput putStrLn upped Which is just 3 sequenced steps, fetching data, uppercasing it, outputting it. Things look worse this time: main :: IO () main = do someInput <- fmap toUpper getLine putStrLn someInput Or like this: main :: IO () main = interact (map toUpper) Okay, that was IO, you can handle that like an imperative language. What about pure functions? An actual example: onlyMatching :: String -> [FilePath] -> [FilePath] onlyMatching ext = filter f where f name = lower ('.' : ext) == (lower . takeExtension $ name) lower = map toLower How would you flowchart that last one?

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• Is there any need for me to use wstring in the following case

  - by Yan Cheng CHEOK

  Currently, I am developing an app for a China customer. China customer are mostly switch to GB2312 language in their OS encoding. I need to write a text file, which will be encoded using GB2312. I use std::ofstream file I compile my application under MBCS mode, not unicode. I use the following code, to convert CString to std::string, and write it to file using ofstream std::string Utils::ToString(CString& cString) { /* Will not work correctly, if we are compiled under unicode mode. */ return (LPCTSTR)cString; } To my surprise. It just works. I thought I need to at least make use of wstring. I try to do some investigation. Here is the MBCS.txt generated. I try to print a single character named ? (its value is 0xBDC5) When I use CString to carry this character, its length is 2. When I use Utils::ToString to perform conversion to std::string, the returned string length is 2. I write to file using std::ofstream My question is : When I exam MBCS.txt using a hex editor, the value is displayed as BD (LSB) and C5 (MSB). But I am using little endian machine. Isn't hex editor should show me C5 (LSB) and BD (MSB)? I check from wikipedia. GB2312 seems doesn't specific endianness. It seems that using std::string + CString just work fine for my case. May I know in what case, the above methodology will not work? and when I should start to use wstring?

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